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Unit Four

The document discusses separable verbs in German. It explains that separable verbs consist of a prefix and infinitive, similar to English phrasal verbs. It provides examples of common separable verbs and how they are used in sentences, including when a sentence has multiple clauses. It also discusses inseparable prefixes and how to determine if a verb is separable by checking a dictionary.

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43 views

Unit Four

The document discusses separable verbs in German. It explains that separable verbs consist of a prefix and infinitive, similar to English phrasal verbs. It provides examples of common separable verbs and how they are used in sentences, including when a sentence has multiple clauses. It also discusses inseparable prefixes and how to determine if a verb is separable by checking a dictionary.

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germandeutschnotes
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UNIT FOUR

Separable verbs in the present tense

What is a separable verb?


These are verbs which are made up of two parts: a prefix and the infinitive of
a verb.
For example: auf + stehen aufstehen ‘to get up’.

Comparison with English


Separable verbs are comparable to English phrasal verbs, which consist of an
infinitive plus an adverb or preposition: ‘to get up’, ‘to get on’ etc.

Important separable verbs


Separable verbs are quite frequent in German. Here are some of the most
important ones:

abfahren to depart
abholen to pick up
abwaschen to do the washing up
anfangen to start
ankommen to arrive
anrufen to phone
aufhören to stop
aufräumen to tidy up
aufstehen to get up
ausgehen to go out
einkaufen to go shopping
einladen to invite
einschlafen to fall asleep
fernsehen to watch television
saubermachen to clean
stattfinden to take place
vorbereiten to prepare
(sich) vorstellen to introduce oneself

Prefixes go at the end

When a separable verb is in the present tense, the prefix is usually separated
from the finite form of the verb and goes to the end of the sentence:

anrufen Herr Nolte ruft seine Frau an.


Mr Nolte rings his wife.
aufstehen Bernhard steht um fünf Uhr morgens auf.
Bernhard gets up at five o’clock in the morning.
ausgehen Corinna geht jeden Tag aus.
Corinna goes out every day.
fernsehen Die Kinder sehen jeden Abend fern.
The children watch television every evening.
einkaufen Er kauft im Supermarkt ein.
He goes shopping in the supermarket.
stattfinden Das Meeting findet am Montag statt.
The meeting takes place on Monday.

Separable verbs in two clauses

When a sentence consists of two clauses, the split-off prefix goes to the
end of the relevant clause. This may not necessarily be at the end of
the sentence.

clause 1 clause 2
Ich stehe auf und dann frühstücke ich. I get up and then I have
breakfast.
Herr Carlsen Mr Carlsen is watching
sieht fern, aber seine Kinder lesen. television, but his
children are reading.

If you have a sentence with several clauses which use separable verbs, then
you have the split-off part at the end of each clause:
Dr Schuster schläft erst um vierundzwanzig Uhr ein, aber er steht schon
um fünf Uhr auf.
Dr Schuster only goes to sleep at midnight, but he gets up at five o’clock.

Verbs can have more than one prefix


A verb often takes more than one prefix. Here are examples of the many
different meanings that the verb kommen ‘to come’ has when combined with a
prefix:

ankommen to arrive
mitkommen to come along
weiterkommen to get on
hereinkommen to come in
herauskommen to come out
nachkommen to come later
zurückkommen to come back

Another example is the verb steigen: einsteigen means ‘to get in/on’,
umsteigen means ‘to change’ (trains, buses etc.) and aussteigen means ‘to get
out/off’.
You can quite often guess the meaning by knowing what the prefix means.
But that does not work all the time, so meanings of separable verbs need to be
learned.

How to find out whether a verb is separable

You can find out whether a verb is separable by checking in a good dictionary.
After the main entry, it will say ‘sep.’ if it is separable.

Common separable prefixes

The most common separable prefixes are:

ab-, an-, auf-, aus-, ein-, mit-, nach-, vor-, zu-, zurück-

You will find examples of most of these prefixes used with a verb in the
preceding pages.
Some inseparable prefixes
There are also prefixes which are inseparable. They include be-, er-, ge-
and ver-. Frequently used verbs with inseparable prefixes are bezahlen ‘to
pay’, erzählen ‘to tell’, verdienen ‘to earn’, verkaufen ‘to sell’ and verstehen
‘to understand’.

Er bezahlt mit seiner Kreditkarte. He pays with his credit card.


Sie verkauft ihren alten Computer. She is selling her old computer.

As you can see, these prefixes do not separate from the verb.

More about separable verbs


As a beginner you will probably use separable verbs most often as explained
above. However, separable verbs occur also in the imperative, in combination
with modal verbs, and in the perfect and future tense. See Units 6 and 20–23
for more information.
If you cannot find a separable verb in a verb list or dictionary, look up the
verbs without its prefix. So, for example, to find out the simple past tense
form of abfahren, look up fahren in the verb list.

Exercise 5.1

Here is a description of Jens Fischer’s day. Complete the gaps with the finite
verb and the prefix.

Example: ausstellen Jens den Wecker um sieben Uhr .


Jens stellt den Wecker um sieben Uhr aus.

1 Jens um halb acht Uhr . (aufstehen)


2 Er seine Arbeit um neun Uhr . (anfangen)
3 Mittags er seine Freundin . (anrufen)
4 Um siebzehn Uhr er mit seiner Arbeit . (aufhören)
5 Nach der Arbeit er im Supermarkt . (einkaufen)
6 Abends er . (fernsehen)
7 Er mit seiner Freundin . (ausgehen)
8 Um Mitternacht er meistens . (ausgehen)
Exercise 5.2
Use your dictionary to check which ones of the following verbs are separable.
Put a tick against them. The first separable verb has been done for you.

aufstehen ✓ verlieren abfahren anrufen

verstehen fernsehen aufhören stattfinden

einladen mitkommen bezahlen erzählen

aufräumen frühstücken einkaufen benutzen

Exercise 5.3
Now use the separable verbs from Exercise 5.2 to fill in the gaps below. The
first has been done for you.

1 Herr und Frau Conradi stehen um sieben Uhr auf.


2 Die Kinder ihr Zimmer .
3 Er immer im Supermarkt .
4 Wir gehen ins Kino. du ?
5 Frau Schmidt mit dem Rauchen .
6 Wann das Konzert ?
7 Herr Claus liebt Seifenopern. Er jeden Tag .
8 Wann der nächste Zug nach Hamburg ?
9 Wir viele Gäste zu unserer Party .
10 Sie kauft eine Telefonkarte und ihre Mutter .

Exercise 5.4

Translate the following sentences:

1 I get up at six o’clock.


2 I start my work at 8 o’clock.
3 The meeting takes place on Monday.
4 When does the train depart?
5 When does the train arrive?
6 Michael is tidying up and his children are watching television.
7 Are you coming along to the cinema?
Checklist ✓

1 Which part of the verb is split off?

2 Where does it go in a sentence?

3 What happens if a sentence consists of more than one clause?

4 How can you check whether a verb is separable?

5 Do you know which prefixes are non-separable?

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