CAIE 2023-24

GRADE 6
SUBJECT – MATHEMATICS

Chapter 1.2 – HCF and LCM

Let’s recall
1. State True or False
a) A natural number which is divisible only by one and itself is called a prime
number – True
b) Every number is a multiple of itself – True
c) All prime numbers are odd numbers – False
d) 1 is neither prime nor composite – True
e) 6 is a factor of 28 – False

2. Find the odd one out.

a) 73 b) 55 c) 89 d) 37
55 is not a prime number.

3. Circle the number which is not a multiple of 7.

a) 14 b) 21 c) 34 d) 42

4. There are 56 books in a shelf. It is possible to make set of 3 books each,

without any book remaining.
Sol. Not possible
56  3 = Q  18
R 2

5. Write down the prime number below 50.

2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43, 47

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Exercise 1.2 a
1.a) Check whether the given number are divisible by 6.
i) 8160 ii) 256 iii) 252

i) 8160 = 8160 is divisible by 2

8 + 1 + 6 + 0 = 15 is divisible by
 8160 is divisible by 2 and 3
 8160 is divisible by 6

ii) 256 = 256 is divisible by 2

2 + 5 + 6 = 13 not divisible by 3
256 is divisible by 2 and not divisible by 3
 256 is not divisible by 6

iii) 252 = 252 is divisible by 2

2 + 5 + 2 = 9 is divisible by 3
252 is divisible by 2 and 3
 252 is divisible by 6

b) 256 → 258
2 + 5 + 8 = 15 is divisible by 3
 258 is 2 and 3, which is divisible by 6.

2. Use the test of divisibility to check whether the given numbers are divisible
by 7.
a) 381
Sol. 1+1=2
38 – 2 = 36 is not divisible by 7
 381 is not divisible by 7.

b) 4529
Sol. 9 + 9 = 18
452 – 18 = 434 is divisible by 7
 4529 is divisible by 7

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c) 896
Sol. 6 + 6 = 12
89 – 12 = 67 is not divisible by 7
 896 is not divisible by 7

3. Circle the number that are divisible by 8.

a) 120 b) 448 c) 4444
a) 120 - is divisible by 8
b) 448 - is divisible by 8
c) 4444 - 444 is not divisible by 8
 4444 is not divisible by 8

4. Circle the number that are divisible by 9.

a) 1629
Sol. 1629 → 1 + 6 + 2 + 9 = 18 is divisible by 9
 1629 is divisible by 9.

b) 7643
Sol. 7643 → 7 + 6 + 4 + 3 = 20 is not divisible by 9
 7643 is not divisible by 9

c) 6867
Sol. 6867 → 6 + 8 + 6 + 7 = 27 is divisible by 9
 6867 is divisible by 9

5. Circle the numbers that are divisible by 10

a) 7290 b) 5645 c) 3400

6) Use the divisibility to check whether the given numbers are divisible by 11.
a) 2904
Sol. 2+3=2
9 + 4 = 13
13 – 2 = 11 is divisible by 11

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b) 765
Sol. 7 + 5 = 12
12 + 6 = 6 is not divisible by 11
 765 is not divisible by 17

c) 583
Sol. 5+3=8
8–8=0
 583 is divisible by 11

7. Use the test of divisibility to show 3168 is divisible.

a) by 6
Sol. 3168 is divisible by 2
3 + 1 + 6 + 8 = 18 is divisible by 3
3168 is divisible by 2 and 3
 3168 is divisible by 6

b) by 8
Sol. 3168  168 is divisible by 8
 3168 is divisible by 8

c) by 11
Sol. 3168
3+6=9
1+8=9
9–9=0
 3168 is divisible by 11

8. Rafia has 345 apples. She has to pack these apples in such a way that each
basket has exactly 7 apples. Can she pack all those apples in basket without
any apples remaining?
Sol. 345  7
345  5 + 5 = 10
34 – 10 = 24 is not divisible by 7
 she cannot pack the apples in basket without any apples remaining.

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Think mathematically
3552 is divisible by 12 because it is divisible by 3
296
12 3 5 5 2
24
11 5
1 08
72
72
00
3 + 5 + 5 + 2 = 15  3
3552 – divisible by 4
 3552 is divisible by 12

Lowest common multiple (LCM)

LCM of the two or more given numbers is the smaller number that is multiple of each of
the given numbers.

Exercise 1.2 B
1. Write the first five multiples of:
a) 4
4 1 = 4
42 = 8
4  3 = 12
4  4 = 16
4  5 = 20
 First 5 multiples of 4 is 4, 8, 12, 16, 20

b) 9
9 1 = 9
9  2 = 18
9  3 = 27
9  4 = 36
9  5 = 45
First 5 multiples of 9 is 9, 18, 27, 36, 45

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c) 20
20 1 = 20
20  2 = 40
20  3 = 60
20  4 = 80
20  5 = 100
 First 5 multiples of 20 is 20, 40, 60, 80, 100

2. Write the first five multiples of:

a) 7
7 → 7, 14, 21, 28, 35

b) 10
10 → 10, 20, 30, 40, 50

c) 32
32 → 32, 64, 128, 160, 192

3. Find the LCM of

a) 3 and 9
Sol. Multiples of 3 – 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30
Multiples of 9 – 9, 18, 27, 36, 45, 54, 63, 72, 81, 90
Common multiples of 3 and 9 = 9, 18, 27
LCM of 3 and 9 = 9

b) 7 and 8
Sol. Multiple of 7 – 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, 56, 63, 70
Multiple of 8 – 8, 16, 24, 32, 40, 48, 56, 64, 72, 80
Common multiples of 7 and 8 = 56
LCM of 7 and 8 = 56

c) 4 and 10
Sol. Multiple of 4 – 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, 40
Multiple of 10 – 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100
Common multiples of 4 and 10 = 20, 40

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 LCM of 4 and 10 – 20

4. Find the LCM of:

a) 3, 4 and 5
Sol. 2 3, 4, 5

2 3, 2, 5

3 3, 1, 5

5 1, 1, 5

1, 1, 1
LCM of 3, 4, 5 = 2  2  3  5 = 60

b) 2, 6 and 8
Sol. 2 2, 6, 8

2 1, 3, 4

2 1, 3, 2

3 1, 3, 1

1,1,1
LCM of 2, 6 and 8 = 2  2  2  3 = 24

c) 10, 15 and 20
Sol. 5 10, 15, 20

2 2, 3, 4

2 1, 3, 2

3 1, 3, 1

1, 1, 1
LCM of 10, 15 and 20 = 5  2  2  3 = 60

5. The LCM of two numbers is 35. What are the numbers’

Sol. LCM = Product of two numbers.
 35 = 5  7
The two numbers are 5 and 7

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6. The LCM of two numbers is 48. Alex thinks the numbers are 6 and 8.
a) Show that he is wrong.
b) Find the correct answer.
Sol. 6  7 = 48
2  24 = 48
1 48 = 48
12  4 = 48
16  3 = 48
Not only 6 and 8. The other factors can also be the numbers.

Think mathematically
a) Find the common multiples of 3 and 5 that are less than 60.
Sol. Multiple of 3 – 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30, 33, 36, 39, 42, 45, 48, 51, 54,
57, 60
Multiple of 5 – 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60
Common multiple of 365 less than 60 – 15, 30

b) Show that common multiples of 3 and 5 are multiple of 15.

Sol. Common multiple of 3 and 5 less than 60 = 15, 30 are multiple of 15

Highest common factors (HCF)

HCF of two are more given numbers is the greatest number that completely divides each
of the given numbers.

Co-prime numbers
Co-prime numbers are a net of numbers which have only 1 as their factor, HCF will be 1.

Exercise 1.2 C
1. Find the factors of
a) 12
Sol. Factors of 12 = 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12

b) 27
Sol. Factors of 27 = 1, 3, 9, 27

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c) 32
Sol. Factors of 32 = 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32

2. Find the common factors of

a) 18 and 24
Sol. 18 = 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 18
24 = 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24
Common factors of 18 and 24 = 1, 2, 3, 6

b) 25 and 55
Sol. 25 = 1, 5, 25
55 = 1, 5, 11, 55
Common factors of 25 and 55 = 1 and 5

c) 8 and 42
Sol. 8 = 1, 2, 4, 8
42 = 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 14, 42
Common factors of 8 and 42 = 1, 2

4. Find the highest common factors of

a) 16, 48 and 52
Sol. 16 = 1, 2, 4, 8, 16
48 = 1, 2, 3, 4, 12, 16, 24, 48
52 = 1, 2, 4, 13, 26, 52
Highest Common factor = 4

b) 40, 60 and 80
Sol. 40 = 1, 2, 4, 10, 20, 5, 8, 40
60 = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 10, 12, 15, 20, 30, 60
80 = 1, 2, 4, 10, 20, 8, 40, 5, 16, 80
Highest common factors of 40, 60 and 80 = 20

c) 48, 64 and 72
Sol. 48 = 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24, 48
64 = 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64

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 72 = 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9, 12, 18, 24, 36, 72
HCF of 48, 64 and 72 = 8

5. Show that 27 and 70 are Co-prime numbers.

Sol. Factors of 27 = 1, 3, 9, 27
Factors of 70 = 1, 2, 5, 7, 14, 35, 70
HCF = 1, so they are co-prime

6. Find the factors of 42 that are prime number

Sol. Factors of 42 = 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 14, 21, 42
2, 3, 7 are prime numbers.

7. The numbers 4 and 9 have exactly 3 factors.

a) Find two more number that have exactly 3 factors.
Sol. 25 = 1, 5, 25
49 = 1, 7, 49

8. HCF of two numbers is 6. One of the numbers is between 10 ad 20 and the

other numbers is a multiple of 10, less than 100
Write all possible answers
12 and 60

Think Mathematically
a) Find the HCF and LCM of 12 and 16.
Sol. 12 = 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12
16 = 1, 2, 4, 16
HCF of 12 and 16 = 4
12 = 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84, 96, 108, 120
16 = 16, 32, 48, 64, 80, 96, 112, 128, 144, 168
LCM of 12 and 16 = 48

b) Multiply of HCF and LCM in Qa.

Sol. HCF  LCM
4  48
= 192

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c) Multiply 12 and 16
Sol. 12  16 = 192

d) What do you notice about b and c?

Both the answers are same

e) Verify the same using the numbers 6 and 15

Sol. 6 = 1, 2, 3, 6
15 = 1, 2, 3, 5, 15
HCF of 6 and 15 = 3

6 = 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42, 48, 54, 60

15 = 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 105, 120, 135, 150

LCM of 6 and 15 = 30
HCF  LCM
= 3  30
= 90

6 15 = 90

f) __________ the result.

Sol. HCF  LCM = Product of the two numbers

Summon up
1. Check whether 3168 is
a) divisible by 6 b) divisible by 7
a) 3168 is divisible by 2
3 + 1 + 6 + 8 = 18 is divisible by 3
 3168 is divisible by 6.

b) 3168
8 + 8 = 16
316 – 16 = 300 is not divisible by 7
 3168 is not divisible by 7.

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c) 3168
168 is divisible by 8
 3168 is divisible by 8

d) 3168
3 + 1 + 6 + 8 =18 is divisible by 9
 3168 is divisible by 9.

2. Check whether the given numbers are divisible by 10.

a) 3500 → Last digit is zero
 3500 is divisible by 10

b) 4005 → Last digit is not zero

 4005 is not divisible by 10

c) 6790 → Last digit is zero

 6790 is divisible by 10

3. Check whether the given number are divisible by 11

i) 319
Sol. 3 + 9 = 12
= -1
11
 319 is divisible by 11

ii) 781
Sol. 7+1=8
= -8
0
 781 is divisible by 11

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iii) 601
Sol. 6+1=7
=0
7
601 is not divisible by 11

b) If not add a digit at the end to get a number divisible by 11.

Sol. 6017
6+1=7
0+7=7
0
 6017 is divisible by 11
4. Using the test of divisibility of 3 & 4, check whether the given numbers are
divisible by 12.
Sol.
a. 662 is not divisibly by 12.
b. 1020 is divisible by 12.
c. 588 is divisible by 12.
5. Find the HCF of:
a. 24, 36 & 45
Sol. 3
b. 16, 48 and 30
Sol. 2
6. Find the LCM of:
a. 4, 5 & 8
Sol. 40
b. 8, 10, 20
Sol. 40
7. The HCF of two numbers is 4 and their LCM is 72. If one number is 36, work out
the other number.
Sol. Let's denote the other number as 'x.' Given that the HCF of the two numbers is 4
and one number is 36, we can set up the following equations:

HCF = 4 LCM = 72 Number 1 = 36 Number 2 = x

The relationship between HCF, LCM, and the two numbers is as follows:
HCF × LCM = Number 1 × Number 2

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Substituting the given values, we have:

4 × 72 = 36 × x

Simplifying the equation:

288 = 36x

Dividing both sides by 36:

288/36 = x 8 = x

Therefore, the other number is 8.

8. The signboard of a restaurant has three things flashing on it.

Logo of the shop comes in every 50 seconds, Grab the offer comes in every 30
seconds, Today’s special comes in 25 seconds. They all flashed together at 8 p.m.
When will they all flash together again?

Sol. To find the time when all three things will flash together again, we need to find the
least common multiple (LCM) of the time intervals at which each thing flashes.

The time intervals are as follows:

Logo of the shop: 50 seconds

Grab the offer: 30 seconds

Today's special: 25 seconds

To find the LCM of these intervals, we can list the multiples of each interval until we find
a common multiple.

Multiples of 50 seconds: 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, ...

Multiples of 30 seconds: 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, ...
Multiples of 25 seconds: 25, 50, 75, 100, 125, 150, ...

From the lists above, we can see that the least common multiple is 150 seconds.

Therefore, all three things will flash together again after 150 seconds.

To convert this time to a standard clock format, we can calculate it as follows:

150 seconds = 2 minutes and 30 seconds

Therefore, they will all flash together again 2 minutes and 30 seconds after 8 p.m.

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