geometric series test converges...

r << p

a
geometric series :
Diverges... Open

Irk ,
diverges if
-
:

converges if : 0<
Irk-converges to r
telescoping series test (not in the AP)
telescoping series have the form :

la -AzIt -as ( 94)

-
+ -
+
...
Sn = b, + but a
telescoping series
Sn b,
lim but if and onlyif
n 1 n =2 3
converges
=
= =
+
s , ,

In is finite as n + .
co

nt term test ( for divergence

An an

diversa
O
inconclusive , we
ifim if
liman the test is
, * =o
,

will need to
try another test
.

integral test
-

if f(x)
, is : positive ② , continuous , and 3 decreasing for xm(me ) ,
, where f(x) = an ;

an and limSfixdx either both diverge ,

or
convergea

D-series test
a

pseries : ... where p is a POSITIVE number

.

diverges if O < P1/

-

converges if P
-

direct comparison test

let O anabu for all n
<
.

if on then An
converges also
-

, .
converges
-

if san diverges ,
then n also
diverges
limit comparison test
* used if direct comparison doesn't work

if An > O ,
bnTO , take An and another SIMILAR series that we know

meaning : on,

m where is positive and finite , then An and bn behave the same

a

X the test fails when it's equal to an irrational number, such as

i , e , too , etc.

alternating series (for convergence

* either has the form :

=A...
where An > O for all integers 1.

let Anso ,

Han
and converge , if the following two conditions are met:

1 .

lim An- ,
* another
way to State criteria

. If
2 Any & An for all .
n #2 is that An
the values are

↓ non increasing
-
.

verifying non-increasing behavior for a

sequence :

1 .

Anti-AnX0 for all 11 .

.
2
Al for all ,

3 .
use the derivative of the related function , f(x) (an =
f(n) for all n),
defined for X70 , and show that fix) -O for all .
x0
ratio test
* Often used when
you have a factorial , or an exponential ,
etc.

for An
, < 1 ,
Zan is absolutely convergent

-
=
fails.
Anest

71 , or =
0
,
then an
diverges

absolute/conditional Convergence
* Ian is
absolutely convergent if Elanl
converges .

* Ean is
conditionally convergent if Elanl diverges .