Signals and Systems Analysis-adv

Q. 1 What is a system in the context of signal processing?

a) A mathematical model
b) A physical object
c) A function
d) Both a) and b)

Answer: d) Both a) and b)

Q. 2 Which of the following is not a type of signal?

a) Periodic signal
b) Aperiodic signal
c) Even signal
d) Interfering signal

Answer: d) Interfering signal

Q. 3 What is the definition of an odd signal?

a) A signal that has symmetry about the y-axis
b) A signal that is not symmetric
c) A signal that has symmetry about the origin
d) A signal that occurs only once

Answer: c) A signal that has symmetry about the origin

Q. 4 What does the Fourier Transform provide?

a) Time representation of a signal
b) Frequency representation of a signal
c) Space representation of a signal
d) Amplitude representation of a signal

Answer: b) Frequency representation of a signal

Q. 5 The impulse response of an LTI system is the output when the input is?
a) A step function
b) A sinusoidal function
c) An impulse function
d) A ramp function

Answer: c) An impulse function

Q. 6 What is the unit of frequency in the context of signals and systems?

 a) Watt
b) Hertz
c) Ohm
d) Volt

Answer: b) Hertz

What is the mathematical function that represents a continuous-time sinusoidal

Q. 7
signal?
a) y(t) = Asin(wt + θ)
b) y(t) = Acos(wt)
c) y(t) = Atan(wt)
d) Both a) and b)

Answer: d) Both a) and b)

Q. 8 Which of the following is an example of a discrete-time signal?

a) Digital images
b) Sound waves
c) Radio waves
d) Light waves

Answer: a) Digital images

Q. 9 What do we call a system where the output does not depend on future inputs?
a) Non-causal system
b) Anti-causal system
c) Causal system
d) Time-invariant system

Answer: c) Causal system

Q. 10 The Laplace Transform is used for signals in what domain?

a) Time domain
b) Frequency domain
c) S domain
d) Z domain

Answer: c) S domain

Q. 11 What are the basic operations in signal processing?

a) Amplitude scaling
b) Time scaling
c) Time shifting
d) All of the above
 Answer: d) All of the above

What do you call a system whose output does not depend on the time at which an
Q. 12
input is applied?
a) Time-variant system
b) Time-invariant system
c) Causal system
d) Non-causal system

Answer: b) Time-invariant system

Q. 13 What is the convolution integral used for?

a) Finding the Fourier Transform
b) Finding the Laplace Transform
c) Finding the output of an LTI system for any given input
d) Finding the transfer function of a system

Answer: c) Finding the output of an LTI system for any given input

Q. 14 Which of the following sequences is a power signal?

a) x(n) = A cos(n)
b) x(n) = n
c) x(n) = An
d) x(n) = n^2

Answer: a) x(n) = A cos(n)

Q. 15 What is the Z-transform used for?

a) Analysis of analog signals
b) Analysis of continuous signals
c) Analysis of discrete signals
d) Analysis of non-linear systems

Answer: c) Analysis of discrete signals

Q. 16 Which of the following is not a property of the Fourier Transform?

a) Linearity
b) Time shifting
c) Convolution
d) Differentiation

Answer: d) Differentiation

Q. 17 In the frequency domain, the phase shift of a signal is represented by?

a) Magnitude of the Fourier Transform
b) Real part of the Fourier Transform
 c) Imaginary part of the Fourier Transform
d) Argument of the Fourier Transform

Answer: d) Argument of the Fourier Transform

Q. 18 What type of systems are characterized by differential equations?

a) Discrete-time systems
b) Continuous-time systems
c) Digital systems
d) Analog systems

Answer: b) Continuous-time systems

Q. 19 Which of the following is an energy signal?

a) x(t) = e^(-at), a > 0
b) x(t) = cos(t)
c) x(t) = t
d) x(t) = t^2

Answer: a) x(t) = e^(-at), a > 0

Which theorem establishes the condition under which the Fourier Transform of a
Q. 20
signal exists?
a) Nyquist-Shannon sampling theorem
b) Parseval’s theorem
c) Dirichlet’s conditions
d) Central limit theorem

Answer: c) Dirichlet’s conditions

Q. 21 What does the Nyquist-Shannon sampling theorem state?

a) A signal can be perfectly reconstructed if it is sampled at least twice its highest
frequency
b) A signal can be perfectly reconstructed if it is sampled at least at its highest
frequency
c) A signal can be perfectly reconstructed if it is sampled below its highest
frequency
d) A signal can be perfectly reconstructed without sampling

Answer: a) A signal can be perfectly reconstructed if it is sampled at least twice

its highest frequency

Q. 22 If a system is both linear and time-invariant, it is referred to as:

a) Causal system
b) LTI system
c) Non-causal system
 d) Time-variant system

Answer: b) LTI system

Q. 23 Which property of the Laplace Transform helps to solve differential equations?

a) Time shifting
b) Frequency shifting
c) Differentiation
d) Integration

Answer: c) Differentiation

Q. 24 The Fourier series is used for representing which type of signals?

a) Periodic signals
b) Aperiodic signals
c) Impulse signals
d) Ramp signals

Answer: a) Periodic signals

Q. 25 What is the unit impulse signal δ(t)?

a) A signal that equals 1 at t = 0 and zero elsewhere
b) A signal that equals 0 at t = 0 and one elsewhere
c) A signal that equals 1 for all t
d) A signal that equals 0 for all t

Answer: a) A signal that equals 1 at t = 0 and zero elsewhere

Q. 26 Which one of the following is not a property of the impulse function?

a) Scaling property
b) Time shifting property
c) Sifting property
d) Differentiation property

Answer: d) Differentiation property

Q. 27 The response of a system to an input x(t) = δ(t) is known as?

a) Transfer function
b) Impulse response
c) Step response
d) Ramp response

Answer: b) Impulse response

Q. 28 What is the bandwidth of a signal?

a) The range of frequencies that the signal occupies
 b) The highest frequency of the signal
c) The lowest frequency of the signal
d) The average frequency of the signal

Answer: a) The range of frequencies that the signal occupies

Q. 29 Which transform is used for analyzing signals in the s-plane?

a) Fourier Transform
b) Z-Transform
c) Laplace Transform
d) Hilbert Transform

Answer: c) Laplace Transform

The process of retrieving the original continuous-time signal from its samples is
Q. 30
called:
a) Quantization
b) Sampling
c) Reconstruction
d) Normalization

Answer: c) Reconstruction

Q. 31 Which of these is a characteristic of linear systems?

a) Superposition
b) Homogeneity
c) Both a) and b)
d) Neither a) nor b)

Answer: c) Both a) and b)

If a signal x(t) has a Fourier Transform X(w), what is the Fourier Transform of
Q. 32
x(t – t0)?
a) X(w – w0)
b) e^(jw0t0)X(w)
c) e^(-jw0t0)X(w)
d) X(w)e^(jw0t0)

Answer: c) e^(-jw0t0)X(w)

Q. 33 The Fourier Transform of a rectangular pulse signal is?

a) Rectangular function
b) Sinc function
c) Delta function
d) Gaussian function
 Answer: b) Sinc function

Which of the following is an advantage of the Laplace Transform over the

Q. 34
Fourier Transform?
a) It is suitable for both stable and unstable systems
b) It is easier to apply
c) It can represent signals in both time and frequency domains
d) It can handle complex valued signals

Answer: a) It is suitable for both stable and unstable systems

What do you call a system where the output is a linear combination of past,
Q. 35
present, and future inputs?
a) Memoryless system
b) Linear system
c) Causal system
d) Non-causal system

Answer: d) Non-causal system

For the signal x(t) = e^(-at)u(t), where u(t) is the unit step function, the region of
Q. 36
convergence (ROC) in the s-domain for its Laplace transform is?
a) Re{s} > a
b) Re{s} < a
c) Re{s} = a
d) Re{s} ≠ a

Answer: a) Re{s} > a

Q. 37 In the context of systems and signals, stability implies?

a) The system will not blow up for a bounded input
b) The system will not change over time
c) The system will always give the same output for a given input
d) The system can handle high frequencies without distortion

Answer: a) The system will not blow up for a bounded input

Q. 38 The Fourier Transform of a unit step signal u(t) is?

a) 1/jw + πδ(w)
b) 1/jw – πδ(w)
c) 1/jw
d) πδ(w)

Answer: a) 1/jw + πδ(w)

Q. 39 What does the transfer function of a system provide?

 a) The system’s impulse response
b) The system’s response to sinusoidal inputs
c) The system’s response to arbitrary inputs
d) The system’s stability condition

Answer: b) The system’s response to sinusoidal inputs

Q. 40 A system with a memory means that the system’s output depends on?
a) Future inputs
b) Current inputs
c) Past inputs
d) Past and future inputs

Answer: c) Past inputs

For a system described by the differential equation dy(t)/dt + 2y(t) = x(t), what is
Q. 41
the impulse response h(t)?
a) h(t) = e^(-2t)u(t)
b) h(t) = 2e^(-t)u(t)
c) h(t) = e^(-t)u(t)
d) h(t) = 2e^(-2t)u(t)

Answer: a) h(t) = e^(-2t)u(t)

Q. 42 The inverse Z-Transform is used to move from which domain to which domain?
a) Z-domain to time domain
b) Frequency domain to Z-domain
c) S-domain to frequency domain
d) Time domain to S-domain

Answer: a) Z-domain to time domain

Q. 43 What does the region of convergence (ROC) in the Z-Transform signify?

a) The range of values for which the Z-Transform converges
b) The range of frequencies for which the Z-Transform exists
c) The range of amplitudes for which the Z-Transform exists
d) The range of time intervals for which the Z-Transform exists

Answer: a) The range of values for which the Z-Transform converges

Q. 44 What does the term ‘aliasing’ refer to in signal processing?

a) The effect of copying a signal
b) The effect of reconstructing a signal
c) The effect of under-sampling a signal
d) The effect of over-sampling a signal
 Answer: c) The effect of under-sampling a signal

Q. 45 The response of a system to the unit step function u(t) is known as?
a) Impulse response
b) Step response
c) Transfer function
d) Ramp response

Answer: b) Step response

Q. 46 What property of signals is represented by autocorrelation?

a) Similarity
b) Power
c) Periodicity
d) Bandwidth

Answer: c) Periodicity

Q. 47 Which of these signals is not periodic?

a) x(t) = cos(t)
b) x(t) = e^(jt)
c) x(t) = t
d) x(t) = sin(t)

Answer: c) x(t) = t

Q. 48 The Fourier Transform of a constant signal is?

a) A constant signal
b) A unit step signal
c) A sinusoidal signal
d) An impulse signal

Answer: d) An impulse signal

A band-pass signal is a signal that lies within a certain frequency range. Which of
Q. 49
the following best describes a band-pass signal?
a) The frequency of the signal is close to zero
b) The frequency of the signal is very high
c) The signal contains frequencies that fall within a certain band
d) The signal contains all possible frequencies

Answer: c) The signal contains frequencies that fall within a certain band

Q. 50 The function that describes how a signal is modified by a system is known as?
a) Impulse response
b) Transfer function
 c) Step response
d) Convolution function

Answer: b) Transfer function

Q. 51 In the context of signals and systems, what does the term ‘causality’ mean?
a) The output of a system depends on current and past inputs
b) The output of a system depends on current and future inputs
c) The output of a system depends on future inputs only
d) The output of a system depends on past inputs only

Answer: a) The output of a system depends on current and past inputs

Q. 52 What does the term ‘convolution’ signify in signal processing?

a) Multiplication of two signals in the time domain
b) Addition of two signals in the time domain
c) Multiplication of two signals in the frequency domain
d) Calculation of the output of an LTI system given an input signal and the
system’s impulse response

Answer: d) Calculation of the output of an LTI system given an input signal and
the system’s impulse response

Q. 53 For a signal x(t) = A cos(ωt + φ), the term φ is known as the:

a) Frequency of the signal
b) Phase of the signal
c) Amplitude of the signal
d) Period of the signal

Answer: b) Phase of the signal

Q. 54 Which of the following is not a basic operation on signals?

a) Time reversal
b) Time scaling
c) Convolution
d) Amplitude scaling

Answer: c) Convolution

Which type of system is characterized by the fact that its output at any time
Q. 55
depends only on the current input?
a) Non-causal system
b) Memoryless system
c) Linear system
d) Time-invariant system
 Answer: b) Memoryless system

Q. 56 The Laplace Transform is particularly useful for solving:

a) Linear differential equations
b) Non-linear differential equations
c) Algebraic equations
d) Differential equations with variable coefficients

Answer: a) Linear differential equations

Q. 57 The Fourier series of a periodic signal can be used to determine:

a) The fundamental frequency of the signal
b) The amplitude of the signal
c) The phase of the signal
d) All of the above

Answer: d) All of the above

Q. 58 What is the Z-Transform of a unit impulse signal δ(n)?

a) 0
b) 1
c) j
d) ∞

Answer: b) 1

The process of converting a continuous-time signal into a discrete-time signal is

Q. 59
called:
a) Quantization
b) Sampling
c) Reconstruction
d) Discretization

Answer: b) Sampling

Q. 60 Which signal does not have finite energy?

a) x(t) = e^(-at), a > 0
b) x(t) = cos(t)
c) x(t) = t
d) x(t) = t^2

Answer: b) x(t) = cos(t)

Q. 61 The spectral representation of a signal refers to:

a) The way a signal is represented in the time domain
b) The way a signal is represented in the frequency domain
 c) The bandwidth of a signal
d) The energy content of a signal

Answer: b) The way a signal is represented in the frequency domain

Q. 62 What is the Parseval’s theorem used for?

a) To calculate the energy of a signal using its Fourier Transform
b) To calculate the energy of a signal using its Laplace Transform
c) To calculate the energy of a signal using its Fourier Series representation
d) To calculate the energy of a signal using its Z-Transform

Answer: a) To calculate the energy of a signal using its Fourier Transform

A sinusoidal signal x(t) = Acos(ωt + φ) is passed through a system resulting in

Q. 63
y(t) = Acos(ωt + φ + π/4). This system is:
a) Linear and time-invariant
b) Nonlinear and time-invariant
c) Linear and time-varying
d) Nonlinear and time-varying

Answer: a) Linear and time-invariant

The Fourier Transform of a function f(t) is given by F(ω). What is the Fourier
Q. 64
Transform of f(t – t0)?
a) F(ω) e^(-jωt0)
b) F(ω – ω0)
c) F(ω) e^(jωt0)
d) F(ω) t0

Answer: a) F(ω) e^(-jωt0)

Q. 65 In the context of signals and systems, what is meant by a ‘stable’ system?

a) A system that produces bounded output for any bounded input
b) A system that does not change over time
c) A system that produces unbounded output for any bounded input
d) A system that can operate at high frequencies without distortion

Answer: a) A system that produces bounded output for any bounded input

Q. 66 What does the step response of a system provide?

a) The system’s impulse response
b) The system’s response to a unit step input
c) The system’s response to sinusoidal inputs
d) The system’s stability condition

Answer: b) The system’s response to a unit step input

Q. 67 What kind of signal is represented by the Dirac delta function, δ(t)?
a) Impulse signal
b) Step signal
c) Sinusoidal signal
d) Ramp signal

Answer: a) Impulse signal

Q. 68 The Laplace Transform is applicable to which type of signals?

a) Finite signals
b) Infinite signals
c) Both finite and infinite signals
d) Neither finite nor infinite signals

Answer: c) Both finite and infinite signals

Q. 69 The Z-Transform is typically used for:

a) Continuous time signals
b) Discrete time signals
c) Analog signals
d) Nonlinear signals

Answer: b) Discrete time signals

Q. 70 The Fourier series representation of a signal includes:

a) The amplitude and phase of the fundamental frequency
b) The amplitude and phase of all harmonics
c) The total power of the signal
d) Both a) and b)

Answer: d) Both a) and b)

A system has the following impulse response: h(t) = e^(-t)u(t). What type of
Q. 71
system is this?
a) High-pass filter
b) Low-pass filter
c) Band-pass filter
d) Band-stop filter

Answer: b) Low-pass filter

Q. 72 What does the Dirichlet conditions for Fourier series state?

a) The signal must be absolutely integrable over a period
b) The number of maxima and minima in any period must be finite
c) The number of discontinuities in any period must be finite
 d) All of the above

Answer: d) All of the above

Q. 73 Which of the following is not a property of the Fourier Transform?

a) Linearity
b) Time Shifting
c) Frequency Shifting
d) Convolution in time domain

Answer: d) Convolution in time domain

Q. 74 The Z-Transform of a unit step signal u(n) is:

a) 1/(1 – z^-1) for |z| > 1
b) 1/(1 – z^-1) for |z| < 1
c) 1/(1 – z) for |z| > 1
d) 1/(1 – z) for |z| < 1

Answer: a) 1/(1 – z^-1) for |z| > 1

Q. 75 The sampling theorem is a fundamental bridge between:

a) Continuous-time signals and digital signals
b) Digital signals and analog signals
c) Analog signals and continuous-time signals
d) Discrete-time signals and continuous-time signals

Answer: a) Continuous-time signals and digital signals

What does a pole in the right half of the s-plane for a system’s transfer function
Q. 76
represent?
a) Stable system
b) Unstable system
c) Marginally stable system
d) Undetermined system

Answer: b) Unstable system

Q. 77 What can be inferred if the system is linear?

a) It follows the principles of superposition and homogeneity
b) The system output depends solely on the current input
c) The system is time-invariant
d) The system is memoryless

Answer: a) It follows the principles of superposition and homogeneity

 If a signal is periodic with period T, what can be said about its Fourier series
Q. 78
representation?
a) It will not exist
b) It will consist of a series of impulses at multiples of the frequency 1/T
c) It will consist of a continuous function
d) It will be a sine wave with frequency 1/T

Answer: b) It will consist of a series of impulses at multiples of the frequency

1/T

Q. 79 How does a low-pass filter affect the input signal?

a) It amplifies high frequencies and attenuates low frequencies
b) It amplifies low frequencies and attenuates high frequencies
c) It only amplifies high frequencies
d) It only amplifies low frequencies

Answer: b) It amplifies low frequencies and attenuates high frequencies

Q. 80 Why is the impulse response of a system important?

a) It is used to calculate the system’s output for any given input
b) It provides information about the system’s stability
c) It provides information about the system’s linearity
d) It gives the system’s output when the input is a unit step function

Answer: a) It is used to calculate the system’s output for any given input

Q. 81 What does it mean for a system to be stable?

a) The system is linear and time-invariant
b) The system’s output remains bounded for any bounded input
c) The system’s output is a scaled version of the input
d) The system’s output only depends on the current and future inputs

Answer: b) The system’s output remains bounded for any bounded input

If the transfer function of a system has all its poles on the left half of the s-plane,
Q. 82
what does it mean?
a) The system is unstable
b) The system is stable
c) The system is non-causal
d) The system is causal

Answer: b) The system is stable

How does the Fourier Transform of a signal help in understanding its frequency
Q. 83
characteristics?
a) It shows the amplitude and phase of the signal at each frequency
 b) It shows the energy content of the signal at each frequency
c) Both a) and b)
d) None of the above

Answer: c) Both a) and b)

Q. 84 Why is the Z-Transform useful in signal processing?

a) It simplifies the analysis of linear, time-invariant systems
b) It allows the conversion of differential equations into algebraic equations
c) It provides a method for signal reconstruction from samples
d) It enables the representation of continuous-time signals in the frequency
domain

Answer: a) It simplifies the analysis of linear, time-invariant systems

Q. 85 What does a step response of a system reveal about it?

a) The linearity of the system
b) The stability of the system
c) The impulse response of the system
d) The time-invariance of the system

Answer: b) The stability of the system

Q. 86 What does the Laplace Transform of a function provide?

a) The time domain representation of the function
b) The frequency domain representation of the function
c) The phase and amplitude of the function at each time instant
d) The energy and power of the function

Answer: b) The frequency domain representation of the function

Q. 87 In a causal system, the output at any time depends on:

a) Past and future inputs
b) Current and future inputs
c) Past and current inputs
d) Only current inputs

Answer: c) Past and current inputs

Q. 88 How does the sampling theorem help in signal processing?

a) It allows us to perfectly reconstruct a band-limited continuous-time signal
from its samples
b) It allows us to convert an analog signal to a digital signal
c) It specifies the minimum sampling frequency required to avoid aliasing
d) All of the above
 Answer: d) All of the above

Why are signals decomposed into sinusoids using Fourier series or Fourier
Q. 89
transforms?
a) Because sinusoids are easy to generate
b) Because sinusoids are the eigenfunctions of linear time-invariant systems
c) Because sinusoids are the simplest form of signals
d) Because sinusoids provide a way to compress the data

Answer: b) Because sinusoids are the eigenfunctions of linear time-invariant

systems

Q. 90 A system is said to be time-invariant if:

a) Its behavior and characteristics do not change with time
b) Its output only depends on the input applied at the current time
c) The system’s output is not affected by any change in frequency or phase of the
input
d) It is linear and satisfies the superposition and scaling properties

Answer: a) Its behavior and characteristics do not change with time

Q. 91 Which of the following operations could cause a signal to become non-causal?

a) Time reversal
b) Time scaling
c) Time shifting
d) All of the above

Answer: a) Time reversal

Q. 92 The operation which reflects a signal about the y-axis is called:

a) Time reversal
b) Time scaling
c) Time shifting
d) Amplitude scaling

Answer: a) Time reversal

Q. 93 If a system is both linear and time-invariant, it is said to be:

a) Unstable
b) Causal
c) LTI (Linear Time-Invariant)
d) Non-causal

Answer: c) LTI (Linear Time-Invariant)

Q. 94 The Dirac delta function δ(t) is used to represent:

 a) A unit impulse
b) A unit step
c) A sinusoidal wave
d) A square wave

Answer: a) A unit impulse

Q. 95 A continuous time signal x(t) is said to be energy signal if:

a) Its energy is finite and power is zero
b) Its power is finite and energy is infinite
c) Both energy and power are finite
d) Both energy and power are infinite

Answer: a) Its energy is finite and power is zero

Which type of signals can be completely described by amplitude, frequency, and

Q. 96
phase?
a) Exponential signals
b) Sinusoidal signals
c) Step signals
d) Impulse signals

Answer: b) Sinusoidal signals

Q. 97 What would be the impact on a signal passed through a high-pass filter?

a) Low frequencies will be attenuated
b) High frequencies will be attenuated
c) All frequencies will be amplified
d) All frequencies will be attenuated

Answer: a) Low frequencies will be attenuated

Q. 98 What does it mean for a system to exhibit memory?

a) The system’s output depends only on the current input
b) The system’s output depends on past, present, and possibly future inputs
c) The system’s output is a delayed version of the input
d) The system’s output is an advanced version of the input

Answer: b) The system’s output depends on past, present, and possibly future
inputs

Q. 99 If a signal is time-limited, what can be inferred about its Fourier Transform?

a) It will be a series of impulses
b) It will be time-limited
c) It will be zero outside a certain frequency range
d) It will be nonzero for all frequencies
 Answer: d) It will be nonzero for all frequencies

Q. 100 How does the convolution operation apply to linear, time-invariant systems?
a) It describes the response of the system to any arbitrary input
b) It enables the conversion of differential equations into algebraic equations
c) It determines the stability of the system
d) It provides a method for signal reconstruction from samples

Answer: a) It describes the response of the system to any arbitrary input

Q. 101 What does the magnitude response of a system reveal about it?
a) How the system amplifies or attenuates each frequency component of the input
b) How the system delays each frequency component of the input
c) The stability of the system
d) The linearity of the system

Answer: a) How the system amplifies or attenuates each frequency component of

the input

Q. 102 If a signal is passed through a non-linear system, what would be the outcome?
a) The output will be a scaled version of the input
b) The frequency components of the output will be the same as those of the input
c) New frequency components not present in the input may appear in the output
d) The output will be the input shifted in time

Answer: c) New frequency components not present in the input may appear in
the output

In the context of a linear time-invariant system, why is the concept of

Q. 103
Eigenfunctions important?
a) Because the output for these functions is a scaled version of the input
b) Because they provide information about the system’s stability
c) Because they allow for easy computation of the system’s output for any input
d) Because they define the frequency response of the system

Answer: a) Because the output for these functions is a scaled version of the input

Q. 104 What is the main purpose of the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) algorithm?
a) To compute the Fourier Transform of a signal in a more efficient manner
b) To compute the convolution of two signals more efficiently
c) To compute the cross-correlation of two signals more efficiently
d) To compute the auto-correlation of a signal more efficiently

Answer: a) To compute the Fourier Transform of a signal in a more efficient

manner
 Why is the Laplace Transform particularly useful for solving differential
Q. 105
equations?
a) Because it turns calculus problems into algebra problems
b) Because it provides a frequency domain representation of the equation
c) Because it provides a time domain representation of the equation
d) Because it can solve non-linear differential equations

Answer: a) Because it turns calculus problems into algebra problems

Q. 106 Why are Bode plots used in control systems?

a) They provide a visual representation of the frequency response of a system
b) They provide a visual representation of the time response of a system
c) They are used to solve differential equations
d) They are used to find the transfer function of a system

Answer: a) They provide a visual representation of the frequency response of a

system

Q. 107 In the context of system analysis, what does ‘resonance’ refer to?
a) It is when the system becomes unstable
b) It is when the system’s output becomes infinite
c) It is when the system’s output is a maximum for a particular frequency input
d) It is when the system’s output is zero for all frequency inputs

Answer: c) It is when the system’s output is a maximum for a particular

frequency input

Q. 108 What can we infer if a system is passive?

a) The system does not add energy to the signal
b) The system adds energy to the signal
c) The system is time-invariant
d) The system is linear

Answer: a) The system does not add energy to the signal

Q. 109 What can we infer from the poles of a system’s transfer function?
a) The stability of the system
b) The causality of the system
c) The linearity of the system
d) The memory of the system

Answer: a) The stability of the system

Q. 110 What can be said about the autocorrelation function of a periodic signal?
a) It is always zero
 b) It is also periodic
c) It is always one
d) It is an exponential function

Answer: b) It is also periodic

Q. 111 What information does the phase response of a system provide?

a) How the system amplifies or attenuates each frequency component of the input
b) How the system delays or advances each frequency component of the input
c) The stability of the system
d) The causality of the system

Answer: b) How the system delays or advances each frequency component of the
input

Q. 112 In the context of signal processing, why is the concept of bandwidth important?
a) It determines the speed at which data can be sent over a communication
channel
b) It determines the resolution of a digital signal
c) It determines the amplitude of a signal
d) It determines the energy of a signal

Answer: a) It determines the speed at which data can be sent over a

communication channel

Given a continuous-time system defined by the differential equation y'(t) + 2y(t)

Q. 113
= x(t), what kind of system is this?
a) Low-pass filter
b) High-pass filter
c) Band-pass filter
d) Band-stop filter

Answer: a) Low-pass filter

Consider a discrete-time signal x[n] = cos(0.1πn + π/3). If this signal is sampled

Q. 114 at a frequency of 10Hz, what is the frequency of the resulting continuous-time
signal?
a) 0.5Hz
b) 1Hz
c) 2Hz
d) 5Hz

Answer: b) 1Hz

A system is described by the impulse response h(t) = e^-at for t>= 0 and h(t) = 0
Q. 115
for t < 0, where a > 0. Is this system stable?
 a) Yes
b) No

Answer: a) Yes

Q. 116 Given a digital signal sampled at 20Hz, what is the Nyquist frequency?
a) 5Hz
b) 10Hz
c) 20Hz
d) 40Hz

Answer: b) 10Hz

A signal is passed through a system and the output is y(t) = x(-t). What operation
Q. 117
does the system perform on the signal?
a) Scaling
b) Shifting
c) Folding
d) Integration

Answer: c) Folding

What is the value of the Fourier Transform of a constant signal, say c, at

Q. 118
frequency ω=0?
a) 0
b) c
c) ∞
d) Undefined

Answer: b) c

Consider a system characterized by the equation y[n] = x[n] + x[n-1]. If the input
Q. 119
x[n] is a unit step function u[n], what is the output y[n]?
a) Ramp function
b) Exponential function
c) Sine function
d) Unit step function

Answer: a) Ramp function

A system is defined by the equation y(t) = x(t-2). What is the system’s response
Q. 120
to a unit step input?
a) A unit step delayed by 2 seconds
b) A unit step advanced by 2 seconds
 c) A unit step scaled by 2
d) A unit step

Answer: a) A unit step delayed by 2 seconds

Given a signal x(t) = e^-at for t>= 0 and x(t) = 0 for t < 0, where a > 0. What type
Q. 121
of signal is this?
a) Energy signal
b) Power signal
c) Neither energy nor power signal
d) Both energy and power signal

Answer: a) Energy signal

If a signal x(t) is passed through a system with impulse response h(t), the output
Q. 122 is given by the convolution of x(t) and h(t). If x(t) is a unit impulse, what will the
output be?
a) A unit impulse
b) The impulse response h(t)
c) The square of the impulse response
d) Zero

Answer: b) The impulse response h(t)

In a digital communication system, if the bit rate is 2 Mbps, what is the minimum
Q. 123
bandwidth required if binary phase shift keying (BPSK) is used?
a) 1 MHz
b) 2 MHz
c) 4 MHz
d) 8 MHz

Answer: a) 1 MHz

A continuous time signal x(t) is sampled at a frequency of 100 Hz to obtain a

Q. 124 discrete time signal. If the continuous time signal is a cosine wave with a
frequency of 150 Hz, what will be the frequency of the discrete time signal?
a) 50 Hz
b) 100 Hz
c) 150 Hz
d) 200 Hz

Answer: a) 50 Hz

If a system is described by the difference equation y[n] = x[n] – x[n – 1], what
Q. 125
type of filter is this?
a) Low-pass filter
 b) High-pass filter
c) Band-pass filter
d) Band-stop filter

Answer: b) High-pass filter

A system has the frequency response H(f) = 1 for |f| < 500 Hz and H(f) = 0 for |f|
Q. 126 >= 500 Hz. If a signal x(t) = cos(1000πt) is passed through this system, what will
the output be?
a) cos(1000πt)
b) cos(500πt)
c) 0
d) 1

Answer: c) 0

In a control system, if the Bode magnitude plot of a system is a straight line with
Q. 127 a slope of -20 dB/decade passing through 0 dB at 100 Hz, what is the system’s
transfer function?
a) H(s) = 100/(s+100)
b) H(s) = 1/(s+100)
c) H(s) = s/(s+100)
d) H(s) = 100/s

Answer: b) H(s) = 1/(s+100)

A discrete-time signal x[n] is obtained by sampling a continuous-time signal x(t)

Q. 128 = cos(200πt) at a sampling frequency of 150 Hz. What is the frequency of the
discrete-time signal?
a) 50 Hz
b) 75 Hz
c) 100 Hz
d) 150 Hz

Answer: a) 50 Hz

In a control system, the system’s transfer function is H(s) = 1/(s+1)^2. What is

Q. 129
the system’s response to a unit step input?
a) 1 – e^-t – te^-t
b) 1 – e^-t
c) e^-t – e^-2t
d) te^-t

Answer: a) 1 – e^-t – te^-t

Q. 130 Given a signal x(t) = sinc(t), what is the Fourier Transform of this signal?
 a) rect(f)
b) sinc(f)
c) delta(f)
d) u(f)

Answer: a) rect(f)

Given the z-transform X(z) = z/(z-0.5) with a region of convergence |z| > 0.5,
Q. 131
what is the inverse z-transform x[n]?
a) (0.5)^n u[n]
b) (0.5)^n u[-n-1]
c) n(0.5)^n u[n]
d) n(0.5)^n u[-n-1]

Answer: a) (0.5)^n u[n]

A discrete-time signal x[n] is defined as x[n] = 0.5^n for n >= 0 and x[n] = 0 for
Q. 132
n < 0. What is the z-transform of this signal?
a) X(z) = 1/(1-0.5z)
b) X(z) = 1/(1-0.5/z)
c) X(z) = z/(z-0.5)
d) X(z) = z/(z-2)

Answer: c) X(z) = z/(z-0.5)

A digital signal has a bit rate of 1000 bps. What is the minimum bandwidth
Q. 133
required for transmission if frequency shift keying (FSK) is used?
a) 500 Hz
b) 1000 Hz
c) 2000 Hz
d) 4000 Hz

Answer: b) 1000 Hz

For a continuous time system, if the impulse response is h(t) = e^(-2t) for t >= 0
Q. 134
and h(t) = 0 for t < 0, what is the step response of the system?
a) 1 – e^(-2t)
b) 2(1 – e^(-t))
c) 0.5(1 – e^(-2t))
d) e^(-2t)

Answer: a) 1 – e^(-2t)

Consider a system described by the equation y[n] = αy[n-1] + x[n] where |α| < 1.
Q. 135
If the input x[n] = δ[n], what will the output y[n] be?
a) α^n u[n]
 b) α^n u[-n-1]
c) δ[n]
d) αδ[n]

Answer: a) α^n u[n]

If a system has a frequency response H(f) = 1 for |f| <= 100 Hz and H(f) = 0 for
Q. 136
|f| > 100 Hz, what kind of system is this?
a) High-pass filter
b) Low-pass filter
c) Band-pass filter
d) Band-stop filter

Answer: b) Low-pass filter

Given a discrete time signal x[n] = cos(0.1πn), what will be the discrete time
Q. 137
Fourier Transform X(e^jω)?
a) π[δ(ω-0.1π) + δ(ω+0.1π)]
b) π[δ(ω-0.2π) + δ(ω+0.2π)]
c) 2πδ(ω)
d) 2πδ(ω-π)

Answer: a) π[δ(ω-0.1π) + δ(ω+0.1π)]

A continuous time signal x(t) = cos(2πft) is sampled at a frequency fs to obtain

Q. 138 the discrete time signal x[n] = cos(2πn(f/fs)). If fs = 2f, what is the frequency of
the discrete time signal?
a) f
b) fs
c) f/2
d) fs/2

Answer: c) f/2

Given a continuous time signal x(t) = e^(-2t)u(t), what is the Laplace transform
Q. 139
of this signal?
a) 1/(s + 2)
b) 2/(s + 2)
c) 1/(s – 2)
d) 2/(s – 2)

Answer: a) 1/(s + 2)

A system has the frequency response H(f) = 1 for |f| <= 500 Hz and H(f) = 0 for
Q. 140 |f| > 500 Hz. A signal x(t) = cos(1000πt) + cos(100πt) is passed through this
system. What frequencies are present in the output signal?
 a) φ – π/2 a) 500 Hz and 1000 Hz
b) 500 Hz only
c) 100 Hz only
d) No frequencies

Answer: c) 100 Hz only

Consider a system described by the equation y[n] = x[n] – x[n-1]. If the input
Q. 141 x[n] is a unit step function u[n], how would you describe the output y[n] in terms
of its time domain characteristics?
a) A unit step function
b) A unit impulse function
c) A ramp function
d) A sinusoidal function

Answer: b) A unit impulse function

Given a continuous time signal x(t) = e^(-2t)u(t), what can be said about the
Q. 142
bandwidth of this signal?
a) The signal is band-limited with a bandwidth of 2 Hz
b) The signal is not band-limited
c) The signal is band-limited with a bandwidth of 0.5 Hz
d) The signal has infinite bandwidth

Answer: d) The signal has infinite bandwidth

The transfer function of a system is given by H(s) = 1/(s+1). If the input to the
Q. 143
system is a unit step function, what is the steady state output?
a) A unit step function
b) A unit impulse function
c) A ramp function
d) A sinusoidal function

Answer: a) A unit step function

If a system is characterized by the impulse response h(t) = e^(-at)u(t), where a >

Q. 144
0, how would you classify this system?
a) High pass filter
b) Low pass filter
c) Band pass filter
d) All pass filter

Answer: b) Low pass filter

The impulse response of a system is given by h(t) = δ(t-1). What is the response
Q. 145
of the system to an input x(t) = u(t)?
 a) u(t-1)
b) u(t+1)
c) δ(t-1)
d) δ(t+1)

Answer: a) u(t-1)

A continuous time system has an impulse response h(t) = e^(-t)u(t). What is the
Q. 146
magnitude of the frequency response |H(f)| at f = 1 Hz?
a) 1/√2
b) 1/(1+2π^2)
c) √2
d) 1/(1+π^2)

Answer: d) 1/(1+π^2)

A continuous-time system is described by the differential equation dy(t)/dt +

Q. 147
2y(t) = x(t). What type of system does this correspond to?
a) High pass system
b) Low pass system
c) All pass system
d) Band pass system

Answer: b) Low pass system

If a signal x(t) = cos(100πt) is passed through a system with transfer function

Q. 148 H(f) = 1 for |f| <= 50 Hz and H(f) = 0 for |f| > 50 Hz, what is the output of the
system?
a) cos(100πt)
b) 0
c) 1
d) -cos(100πt)

Answer: b) 0

A signal x(t) is passed through a system characterized by the impulse response

Q. 149
h(t) = δ(t) – δ(t-1). What is the output y(t) if x(t) = u(t)?
a) u(t) – u(t-1)
b) u(t) + u(t-1)
c) u(t) – u(t+1)
d) u(t) + u(t+1)

Answer: a) u(t) – u(t-1)

 A continuous-time signal x(t) = cos(2πf0t) is passed through a system with
Q. 150 transfer function H(f) = 1 for |f| <= f0 and H(f) = 0 for |f| > f0. What is the output
of the system?
a) cos(2πf0t)
b) 0
c) 1
d) -cos(2πf0t)

Answer: a) cos(2πf0t)

If a signal x(t) = cos(100πt) is sampled at a rate of 60 Hz, what is the result due
Q. 151
to the aliasing effect?
a) A sinusoidal signal of frequency 10 Hz
b) A sinusoidal signal of frequency 40 Hz
c) A sinusoidal signal of frequency 20 Hz
d) A sinusoidal signal of frequency 60 Hz

Answer: b) A sinusoidal signal of frequency 40 Hz

Given a system with an impulse response h(t) = e^(-t)u(t), what is the response to
Q. 152
a step input u(t)?
a) 1 – e^(-t)
b) e^(-t)
c) 1 – e^(t)
d) e^(t)

Answer: a) 1 – e^(-t)

Given a continuous-time system described by the differential equation dy(t)/dt +

Q. 153
y(t) = x(t), what is the step response of the system?
a) 1 – e^(-t)
b) e^(-t)
c) 1 – e^(t)
d) e^(t)

Answer: a) 1 – e^(-t)

Q. 154 For the system y[n] = 0.5y[n-1] + x[n], what is the frequency response H(e^jw)?
a) 1 / (1 – 0.5e^-jw)
b) 1 / (1 + 0.5e^-jw)
c) 1 / (1 – 0.5e^jw)
d) 1 / (1 + 0.5e^jw)

Answer: a) 1 / (1 – 0.5e^-jw)
 If a system is characterized by the difference equation y[n] = x[n] + x[n-1], how
Q. 155
would you classify this system?
a) High pass filter
b) Low pass filter
c) Band pass filter
d) All pass filter

Answer: b) Low pass filter

If a signal x(t) = cos(100πt + θ) is passed through a system with frequency

Q. 156
response H(f) = e^(-j2πft), what is the phase of the output signal at f = 50 Hz?
a) θ
b) θ + π/2
c) θ – π/2
d) 2θ

Answer: a) θ

If the impulse response of a system is h(t) = δ(t – 1), what is the system’s
Q. 157
response to the input signal x(t) = sin(2πt)?
a) sin(2πt – 1)
b) sin(2πt + 1)
c) sin(2π(t – 1))
d) sin(2π(t + 1))

Answer: c) sin(2π(t – 1))

What is the output of a system with transfer function H(s) = 1/(s^2 + s + 1) for an
Q. 158
input of x(t) = cos(t)?
a) cos(t) / (t^2 + t + 1)
b) cos(t – π/2) / (t^2 + t + 1)
c) sin(t) / (t^2 + t + 1)
d) cos(t – π/2)

Answer: d) cos(t – π/2)

A system is characterized by the transfer function H(f) = 1/(1 + jf). If a signal

Q. 159
x(t) = e^(j2πft) is input to this system, what is the phase of the output signal?
a) 0
b) π/2
c) π/4
d) π

Answer: b) π/2
 Given a system with transfer function H(s) = 1/(s + a), if the input x(t) is a
Q. 160 sinusoidal signal of amplitude A and frequency ω, what will be the phase shift in
the output?
a) 0 degrees
b) -90 degrees
c) -45 degrees
d) -180 degrees

Answer: b) -90 degrees

If the Fourier Transform of a signal x(t) is X(f) = 1/(1+f^2), what can be said
Q. 161
about the signal x(t)?
a) It is a sinusoidal signal
b) It is a periodic signal
c) It is an even signal
d) It is an odd signal

Answer: c) It is an even signal

For a discrete-time system described by the difference equation y[n] = x[n] +

Q. 162
x[n-1], what is the system’s response to a unit step input?
a) A unit step function
b) A ramp function
c) An exponential function
d) A sinusoidal function

Answer: b) A ramp function

For a system described by the impulse response h(t) = e^(-t)u(t), what is the
Q. 163
system’s response to a unit impulse input δ(t)?
a) e^(-t)u(t)
b) e^(t)u(t)
c) u(t)
d) δ(t)

Answer: a) e^(-t)u(t)

If a continuous-time signal x(t) = e^(jω0t) is sampled at a rate of fs, what is the

Q.164
frequency of the resulting discrete-time signal?
a) ω0/fs
b) ω0*fs
c) ω0
d) fs

Answer: a) ω0/fs
 For a continuous-time system described by the differential equation dy(t)/dt =
Q. 165
ay(t) + bx(t), what is the system’s response to a unit step input?
a) (b/a) – (b/a)e^(-at)
b) (b/a) + (b/a)e^(-at)
c) (b/a) – (b/a)e^(at)
d) (b/a) + (b/a)e^(at)

Answer: a) (b/a) – (b/a)e^(-at)

For a system with transfer function H(s) = s/(s + a), if the input x(t) is a
Q. 166 sinusoidal signal of amplitude A and frequency ω, what will be the magnitude of
the output?
a) A/√(1 + ω^2/a^2)
b) A√(1 + ω^2/a^2)
c) A
d) A/(1 + ω^2/a^2)

Answer: b) A√(1 + ω^2/a^2)

If a system is described by the transfer function H(f) = 1 for |f| <= f0 and H(f) = 0
Q. 167
for |f| > f0, how would you classify this system?
a) High-pass filter
b) Low-pass filter
c) Band-pass filter
d) Band-stop filter

Answer: b) Low-pass filter

For a discrete-time system characterized by the difference equation y[n] = ay[n-

Q. 168
1] + bx[n], what is the system’s response to a unit impulse input δ[n]?
a) ab^n
b) a^n
c) b^n
d) 1

Answer: b) a^n

If a signal x(t) = cos(2πf0t + φ) is passed through a system with transfer function

Q. 169
H(f) = 1/(1+jf/f0), what is the phase of the output signal at f = f0?
a) φ
b) φ + π/2

d) φ + π

Answer: c) φ – π/2
 Given a system with transfer function H(s) = 1/(s + a), what is the system’s
Q. 170
response to a unit step input?
a) 1 – e^(-at)
b) e^(-at)
c) 1 – e^(at)
d) e^(at)

Answer: a) 1 – e^(-at)

For a system with frequency response H(ω) = 1/(1+jω), what is the phase
Q. 171
response of the system?
a) tan^(-1)(ω)
b) -tan^(-1)(ω)
c) tan(ω)
d) -tan(ω)

Answer: b) -tan^(-1)(ω)

For a discrete-time system characterized by the difference equation y[n] = x[n] –

Q. 172
0.5x[n-1], what is the system’s response to a unit step input?
a) A unit step function
b) A ramp function
c) An exponential function
d) A sinusoidal function

Answer: b) A ramp function

If the Fourier Transform of a signal x(t) is X(f) = 1/(1+f^2), what can be said
Q. 173
about the signal x(t)?
a) It is a low-frequency signal
b) It is a high-frequency signal
c) It is a band-pass signal
d) It is a band-stop signal

Answer: a) It is a low-frequency signal

A continuous-time signal x(t) = cos(2πf0t + φ) is passed through a system with

Q. 174 frequency response H(f) = |f/f0|. What is the amplitude of the output signal at f =
f0?
a) 1
b) f0
c) 2f0
d) 1/f0

Answer: a) 1
 If a system is characterized by the difference equation y[n] = 0.5y[n-1] + x[n],
Q. 175
what is the response to a step input u[n]?
a) (1/0.5)^n
b) (0.5)^n
c) 1 – (0.5)^n
d) 1 – (1/0.5)^n

Answer: c) 1 – (0.5)^n

Given a system with an impulse response h(t) = δ(t – T), what is the response to a
Q. 176
step input u(t)?
a) u(t – T)
b) u(t + T)
c) δ(t – T)
d) δ(t + T)

Answer: a) u(t – T)

For a system with transfer function H(s) = 1/(s^2 + as + b), what is the system’s
Q. 177
response to a unit impulse input?
a) e^(-at)cos(√(b-a^2/4)t)
b) e^(-at)sin(√(b-a^2/4)t)
c) cos(√(b-a^2/4)t)
d) sin(√(b-a^2/4)t)

Answer: a) e^(-at)cos(√(b-a^2/4)t)

If a signal x(t) = cos(2πf0t + φ) is passed through a system with frequency

Q. 178 response H(f) = 1 for |f| <= f0 and H(f) = 0 for |f| > f0, what is the phase of the
output signal at f = f0/2?
a) φ
b) φ + π/2
c) φ – π/2
d) φ + π

Answer: a) φ

If a system is described by the transfer function H(f) = 1 for |f| >= f0 and H(f) = 0
Q. 179
for |f| < f0, how would you classify this system?
a) High-pass filter
b) Low-pass filter
c) Band-pass filter
d) Band-stop filter

Answer: a) High-pass filter

 For a system with frequency response H(ω) = 1/(1+jω), what is the magnitude
Q. 180
response of the system at ω = 1?
a) 1
b) √2
c) 0.5
d) 2

Answer: b) √2

If a system is characterized by the impulse response h(t) = e^-tu(t), what is the

Q. 181
system’s response to a unit impulse input?
a) e^-t
b) u(t)
c) δ(t)
d) e^-tu(t)

Answer: d) e^-t*u(t)

For a discrete-time system characterized by the difference equation y[n] = x[n] –

Q. 182
0.5y[n-1], what is the response to a unit impulse input δ[n]?
a) δ[n]
b) (0.5)^n
c) δ[n] – 0.5δ[n-1]
d) δ[n] – 0.5

Answer: a) δ[n]

For a system with frequency response H(f) = 1/(1+f^2), what is the magnitude
Q. 183
response of the system at f = 1?
a) 0.5
b) 1
c) √2
d) 2

Answer: c) √2

If a system is described by the transfer function H(f) = f for |f| <= f0 and H(f) = 0
Q. 184
for |f| > f0, how would you classify this system?
a) High-pass filter
b) Low-pass filter
c) Band-pass filter
d) Band-stop filter

Answer: b) Low-pass filter

 Given a system with impulse response h(t) = δ(t – T), what is the response to a
Q. 185
sinusoidal input cos(ωt)?
a) cos(ω(t – T))
b) cos(ωt)
c) δ(t – T)
d) cos(ω(t + T))

Answer: a) cos(ω(t – T))

If a system is characterized by the difference equation y[n] = x[n] + x[n-1], what

Q. 186
is the response to a unit step input u[n]?
a) (n+1)
b) u[n]
c) n
d) δ[n]

Answer: a) (n+1)

For a system with transfer function H(s) = 1/(s^2 + as + b), what is the system’s
Q. 187
response to a sinusoidal input cos(ωt)?
a) cos(ωt)/(ω^2 + aω + b)
b) sin(ωt)/(ω^2 + aω + b)
c) cos(ωt)
d) sin(ωt)

Answer: a) cos(ωt)/(ω^2 + aω + b)

If a continuous-time signal x(t) = e^(jω0t) is sampled at a rate of fs, what is the

Q. 188
frequency of the resulting discrete-time signal?
a) ω0
b) ω0/fs
c) ω0*fs
d) fs

Answer: b) ω0/fs

If a system is described by the transfer function H(f) = 1 for |f| <= f0 and H(f) = 0
Q. 189
for |f| > f0, how would you classify this system?
a) High-pass filter
b) Low-pass filter
c) Band-pass filter
d) Band-stop filter

Answer: b) Low-pass filter

 If the frequency response of a system is H(f) = 1/(1+f^2), what is the phase
Q. 190
response at f = 1?
a) π/2
b) -π/2
c) π
d) 0

Answer: a) π/2

For a system characterized by the difference equation y[n] = x[n] – x[n-1], what
Q. 191
is the system’s response to a unit impulse input δ[n]?
a) δ[n]
b) δ[n-1]
c) δ[n] – δ[n-1]
d) δ[n] – δ[n+1]

Answer: c) δ[n] – δ[n-1]

For a system with frequency response H(ω) = jω, what is the magnitude response
Q. 192
of the system at ω = 1?
a) 0
b) 1
c) -1
d) j

Answer: b) 1

If a system is described by the impulse response h(t) = e^-at*u(t), what is the

Q. 193
system’s response to a unit step input u(t)?
a) (1 – e^-at)*u(t)
b) (1 + e^-at)u(t)
c) e^-atu(t)
d) u(t)

Answer: a) (1 – e^-at)*u(t)

Given a system with transfer function H(s) = s/(s + a), what is the system’s
Q. 194
response to a unit impulse input δ(t)?
a) e^-at
b) e^at
c) 1 – e^-at
d) δ(t)

Answer: a) e^-at
 If a signal x(t) = cos(ω0t) is passed through a system with impulse response h(t)
Q. 195
= δ(t – T), what is the phase of the output signal at t = T?
a) ω0T
b) ω0
c) T
d) 0

Answer: a) ω0T

If a system is characterized by the difference equation y[n] = 0.5y[n-1] + x[n],

Q. 196
what is the system’s response to a unit impulse input δ[n]?
a) δ[n]
b) (0.5)^n
c) δ[n] – 0.5δ[n-1]
d) δ[n] + 0.5δ[n-1]

Answer: a) δ[n]

For a system with frequency response H(f) = f^2/(1+f^2), what is the magnitude
Q. 197
response of the system at f = 1?
a) 0.5
b) 1
c) √2
d) 2

Answer: b) 1

If a continuous-time signal x(t) = e^(jω0t) is sampled at a rate of fs, what is the

Q. 198
sampling frequency in rad/sec?
a) 2πfs
b) fs
c) ω0
d) ω0/fs

Answer: a) 2πfs

If a system is described by the transfer function H(f) = 1 for f0 <= |f| <= 2f0 and
Q. 199
H(f) = 0 otherwise, how would you classify this system?
a) High-pass filter
b) Low-pass filter
c) Band-pass filter
d) Band-stop filter

Answer: c) Band-pass filter

 If the Fourier Transform of a signal x(t) is X(f) = 1/(1+f^2), what is the
Q. 200
magnitude of the signal x(t) at t = 0?
a) 0
b) 1
c) ∞
d) Undefined

Answer: c) ∞

For a discrete-time system characterized by the difference equation y[n] = x[n] –

Q. 201
x[n-1], what is the system’s response to a unit step input u[n]?
a) u[n]
b) n
c) δ[n]
d) δ[n] – δ[n-1]

Answer: c) δ[n]

If a system is characterized by the impulse response h(t) = e^-tu(t), what is the

Q. 202
system’s response to a sinusoidal input cos(ωt)?
a) (1/√(1+ω^2))e^-t cos(ωt + tan^(-1)(ω))
b) (1/√(1+ω^2))e^-t sin(ωt + tan^(-1)(ω))
c) e^-tcos(ωt)
d) e^-t*sin(ωt)

Answer: a) (1/√(1+ω^2))e^-t cos(ωt + tan^(-1)(ω))

Given a system with transfer function H(s) = 1/(s + a), what is the system’s
Q. 203
response to a sinusoidal input cos(ωt)?
a) (1/√(1+(ω/a)^2))cos(ωt + tan^(-1)(ω/a))
b) (1/√(1+(ω/a)^2))sin(ωt + tan^(-1)(ω/a))
c) (a/√(a^2+ω^2))cos(ωt – tan^(-1)(ω/a))
d) (a/√(a^2+ω^2))sin(ωt – tan^(-1)(ω/a))

Answer: c) (a/√(a^2+ω^2))cos(ωt – tan^(-1)(ω/a))

For a system with frequency response H(f) = 1/(1+jf), what is the phase response
Q. 204
of the system at f = 1?
a) π/4
b) -π/4
c) π/2
d) -π/2

Answer: b) -π/4
 If a system is described by the transfer function H(f) = 1 for |f| >= f0 and H(f) = 0
Q. 205
for |f| < f0, what is the system’s response to a unit step input u(t)?
a) u(t)
b) u(t) – u(t – 1/f0)
c) -u(t) + u(t – 1/f0)
d) Undefined

Answer: d) Undefined

Given a system with impulse response h(t) = δ(t – T), what is the system’s
Q. 206
response to a unit step input u(t)?
a) u(t – T)
b) u(t + T)
c) u(T)
d) δ(t – T)

Answer: a) u(t – T)

If a system is characterized by the difference equation y[n] = x[n] – x[n-1], what

Q. 207
is the response to a unit impulse input δ[n]?
a) δ[n]
b) δ[n-1]
c) δ[n] – δ[n-1]
d) δ[n] – δ[n+1]

Answer: c) δ[n] – δ[n-1]

For a system with frequency response H(f) = 1/(1+f^2), what is the magnitude
Q. 208
response of the system at f = 1?
a) 0.5
b) 1
c) √2
d) 2

Answer: b) 1

If a continuous-time signal x(t) = cos(ω0t) is sampled at a rate of fs, what is the

Q. 209
frequency of the resulting discrete-time signal?
a) ω0
b) ω0/fs
c) ω0*fs
d) fs

Answer: b) ω0/fs
 If a system is described by the impulse response h(t) = δ(t – T), what is the output
Q. 210
signal when the input signal is x(t) = t?
a) t
b) t – T
c) T
d) 0

Answer: b) t – T

Given a system with the frequency response H(f) = 1 for |f| <= f0 and H(f) = 0
Q. 211
otherwise, what is the system’s response to a sinusoidal input cos(ωt)?
a) cos(ωt) for ω <= f0
b) 0 for ω <= f0
c) cos(ωt) for ω > f0
d) 0 for ω > f0

Answer: a) cos(ωt) for ω <= f0

If a system is characterized by the impulse response h(t) = δ(t) + δ(t – T), what is
Q. 212
the system’s response to a unit step input u(t)?
a) u(t) – u(t – T)
b) u(t) + u(t – T)
c) u(t)
d) u(t – T)

Answer: b) u(t) + u(t – T)

An electrical system has a transfer function H(s) = s^2 + 2s + 1. What type of

Q. 213
system is this?
a) High-pass filter
b) Low-pass filter
c) Band-pass filter
d) All-pass filter

Answer: b) Low-pass filter

Q. 214 What is the main difference between FIR and IIR filters?
a) FIR filters are causal while IIR filters are non-causal
b) IIR filters have an infinite response while FIR filters have a finite response
c) FIR filters have a finite response while IIR filters have an infinite response
d) IIR filters are causal while FIR filters are non-causal

Answer: c) FIR filters have a finite response while IIR filters have an infinite
response
 A system has a transfer function H(s) = s/(s+1). What type of filter does this
Q. 215
system represent?
a) Low-pass filter
b) High-pass filter
c) Band-pass filter
d) Notch filter

Answer: b) High-pass filter

Q. 216 Which of the following signals is non-periodic?

a) cos(t)
b) sin(t)
c) e^t
d) cos(2πft)

Answer: c) e^t

Q. 217 What is the Laplace transform of the unit impulse function δ(t)?
a) 1
b) s
c) 0
d) Infinity

Answer: a) 1

Q. 218 Which of the following signals is an energy signal?

a) u(t) – Unit Step Signal
b) r(t) – Ramp Signal
c) δ(t) – Dirac Delta function
d) None of the above

Answer: c) δ(t) – Dirac Delta function

Q. 219 What is the inverse Laplace transform of 1/s?

a) 1
b) e^(-t)
c) u(t) – Unit Step Signal
d) δ(t) – Dirac Delta function

Answer: c) u(t) – Unit Step Signal

If a system is linear and time-invariant, it can be fully characterized by which of

Q. 220
the following?
a) Transfer function
b) Impulse response
c) Both a and b
 d) Neither a nor b

Answer: c) Both a and b

Q. 221 What kind of signal is represented by e^(-at)u(t)?

a) Energy signal
b) Power signal
c) Both an energy and a power signal
d) Neither an energy nor a power signal

Answer: a) Energy signal

In a stable system, the output must be bounded for all bounded inputs. This
Q. 222
statement represents which of the following properties?
a) Linearity
b) Time-Invariance
c) Causality
d) BIBO stability

Answer: d) BIBO stability

Q. 223 The integral of a unit impulse δ(t) is:

a) 0
b) 1
c) t
d) Undefined

Answer: b) 1

Q. 224 What is the Laplace transform of cos(at)?

a) s/(s^2 + a^2)
b) a/(s^2 + a^2)
c) s/(s^2 – a^2)
d) a/(s^2 – a^2)

Answer: a) s/(s^2 + a^2)

Q. 225 What type of filter is represented by the transfer function H(s) = 1/(s^2 + 1)?
a) Low-pass filter
b) High-pass filter
c) Band-pass filter
d) All-pass filter

Answer: a) Low-pass filter

Q. 226 The Z-transform is mostly used in:

 a) Continuous time signal analysis
b) Discrete time signal analysis
c) Both a and b
d) Neither a nor b

Answer: b) Discrete time signal analysis

Q. 227 A system with a step response of u(t) is:

a) Stable
b) Unstable
c) Neither stable nor unstable
d) Cannot be determined

Answer: a) Stable

In a linear system, if the input is multiplied by a constant, the output is also

Q. 228 multiplied by the same constant. This statement represents which of the
following properties?
a) Linearity
b) Time-invariance
c) Causality
d) BIBO stability

Answer: a) Linearity

Q. 229 What is the Fourier Transform of a unit impulse function δ(t)?

a) 1
b) jω
c) 0
d) Infinity

Answer: a) 1

A system is described by the following differential equation: y”(t) + y(t) = x(t).

Q. 230
What type of system is this?
a) First-order system
b) Second-order system
c) Third-order system
d) Zero-order system

Answer: b) Second-order system

Q. 231 The time-reversed signal of x(t) = e^(-t)u(t) is:

a) e^t
b) e^(-t)u(-t)
c) e^tu(-t)
 d) e^(-t)

Answer: c) e^tu(-t)

Q. 232 The time-reversed signal of x(t) = cos(t) is:

a) cos(t)
b) cos(-t)
c) -cos(t)
d) -cos(-t)

Answer: b) cos(-t)

What is the impulse response of an LTI system characterized by the differential

Q. 233
equation d²y/dt² + 2dy/dt + y(t) = x(t)?
a) e^-t cos(t)
b) e^-t sin(t)
c) e^tcos(t)
d) e^t sin(t)

Answer: a) e^-t cos(t)

Q. 234 The unit impulse function δ(t) is an example of which type of signal?
a) Energy signal
b) Power signal
c) Both a and b
d) Neither a nor b

Answer: a) Energy signal

A system with a transfer function H(s) = s^2 + 2s + 2. What type of system is

Q. 235
this?
a) High-pass filter
b) Low-pass filter
c) Band-pass filter
d) All-pass filter

Answer: a) High-pass filter

Q. 236 What type of signal is e^(jω0t)?

a) Real signal
b) Imaginary signal
c) Complex signal
d) None of the above

Answer: c) Complex signal

Q. 237 What is the Fourier transform of a unit step function u(t)?
a) 1/jω
b) πδ(ω) + 1/jω
c) 1/(jω + 1)
d) πδ(ω) – 1/jω

Answer: b) πδ(ω) + 1/jω

A system is characterized by the equation y(t) = ∫x(τ)dτ from -∞ to t. What type

Q. 238
of system is this?
a) Memoryless system
b) Causal system
c) Non-causal system
d) None of the above

Answer: b) Causal system

Q. 239 What is the inverse Fourier transform of 1/jω?

a) u(t)
b) δ(t)
c) cos(ωt)
d) sin(ωt)

Answer: a) u(t)

In the context of signals and systems, a system that is described by a linear

Q. 240
differential equation with constant coefficients is always:
a) Linear
b) Time-Invariant
c) Both a and b
d) Neither a nor b

Answer: c) Both a and b

A continuous time signal x(t) = e^(jω0t). What is the fundamental period of the
Q. 241
signal?
a) 2π/ω0
b) ω0/2π
c) ω0
d) 2π

Answer: a) 2π/ω0

Q. 242 What is the Laplace transform of e^(at)f(t)?

a) F(s – a)
b) F(s + a)
 c) aF(s)
d) F(as)

Answer: a) F(s – a)

Q. 243 What is the convolution of two unit impulse functions δ(t) * δ(t)?
a) δ(t)
b) u(t)
c) t
d) 0

Answer: a) δ(t)

What is the Fourier transform of a rectangular pulse p(t) of width T and

Q. 244
amplitude A?
a) A sinc(ωT/2)
b) A sinc(ω/T)
c) A/T sinc(ωT/2)
d) AT sinc(ωT/2)

Answer: a) A sinc(ωT/2)

Q. 245 A system has a transfer function H(s) = 1/(s + a)². What type of system is this?
a) Low-pass filter
b) High-pass filter
c) Band-pass filter
d) Band-stop filter

Answer: a) Low-pass filter

Q. 246 The time-reversed signal of x(t) = e^(at)u(t) for a > 0 is:

a) e^(-at)u(-t)
b) e^(at)u(-t)
c) e^(-at)u(t)
d) e^(at)u(t)

Answer: a) e^(-at)u(-t)

The system characterized by the differential equation y”(t) + y(t) = x(t) can be
Q. 247
analyzed using which of the following transforms?
a) Fourier transform
b) Laplace transform
c) Both a and b
d) Neither a nor b

Answer: c) Both a and b

 A system has the following input-output relationship: y(t) = ∫x(τ)dτ from 0 to t.
Q. 248
This system is:
a) Linear and Time-Invariant
b) Linear and Time-Variant
c) Nonlinear and Time-Invariant
d) Nonlinear and Time-Variant

Answer: a) Linear and Time-Invariant

Q. 249 What is the energy of the signal x(t) = e^(jω0t)?

a) 0
b) 1
c) ∞
d) Undefined

Answer: d) Undefined

Q. 250 If x(t) is an even function, then its Fourier transform X(ω) is:
a) Real and even
b) Real and odd
c) Imaginary and even
d) Imaginary and odd

Answer: a) Real and even

An electrical system has a transfer function H(s) = s^2 + 2s + 1. What type of

Q. 251
system is this?
a) High-pass filter
b) Low-pass filter
c) Band-pass filter
d) All-pass filter

Answer: b) Low-pass filter

Considering an LTI system with impulse response h(t) = e^(-2t)u(t), which of the
Q. 252
following signals would result from a unit impulse input?
a) e^(-t)
b) e^(-2t)
c) e^(-3t)
d) e^(-4t)

Answer: b) e^(-2t)

If X(jω) represents the Fourier transform of x(t), what does X(jω + ω0)
Q. 253
represent?
 a) x(t) shifted by ω0
b) x(t) delayed by ω0
c) Frequency shift of x(t) by -ω0
d) Frequency shift of x(t) by ω0

Answer: c) Frequency shift of x(t) by -ω0

Given an LTI system with a transfer function H(s) = 1/(s+1)(s+2), which type of
Q. 254
system does it represent?
a) High-pass filter
b) Low-pass filter
c) Band-pass filter
d) Band-reject filter

Answer: b) Low-pass filter

What type of system is represented by the equation y(t) = ∫(x(t – τ)h(τ))dτ from -
Q. 255
∞ to ∞?
a) Linear Time-Invariant (LTI) system
b) Linear Time-Variant (LTV) system
c) Nonlinear Time-Invariant (NLI) system
d) Nonlinear Time-Variant (NLTV) system

Answer: a) Linear Time-Invariant (LTI) system

Q. 256 If x(t) = A cos(ωt + θ), then X(jω) = Ajωcos(ωt – θ) is the:

a) Fourier transform
b) Laplace transform
c) Both a and b
d) Neither a nor b

Answer: a) Fourier transform

Q. 257 If the Fourier Transform of x(t) is X(ω), the Fourier Transform of x(t – t0) is:
a) e^(-jωt0)X(ω)
b) e^(jωt0)X(ω)
c) X(ω – ω0)
d) X(ω + ω0)

Answer: a) e^(-jωt0)X(ω)

Given a causal LTI system characterized by the differential equation y”(t) +

Q. 258
2y'(t) + 3y(t) = x(t), what is the transfer function of this system?
a) H(s) = 1/(s^2 + 2s + 3)
b) H(s) = s^2 + 2s + 3
c) H(s) = 1/(s^2 – 2s + 3)
 d) H(s) = s^2 – 2s + 3

Answer: a) H(s) = 1/(s^2 + 2s + 3)

Q. 259 A system described by y[n] = x[n] + x[n-1] is:

a) Non-causal
b) Causal
c) Time invariant
d) Nonlinear

Answer: b) Causal

Q. 260 For the signal x(t) = A cos(wt + φ), the energy of the signal is:
a) Infinite
b) A/2
c) A^2/2
d) A

Answer: c) A^2/2

Q. 261 The Z-transform of the unit step sequence u[n] is:

a) 1/(1-z)
b) z/(z-1)
c) 1/z
d) z/(1-z)

Answer: a) 1/(1-z)

For an LTI system characterized by the differential equation y”(t) + 4y'(t) + 4y(t)
Q. 262
= x(t), what is the form of the impulse response?
a) e^(2t) cos(t)
b) e^(-2t) cos(t)
c) e^(2t) sin(t)
d) e^(-2t) sin(t)

Answer: b) e^(-2t) cos(t)

Q. 263 The frequency response H(e^jω) of a system is defined as the:

a) Fourier Transform of the impulse response
b) Laplace Transform of the impulse response
c) Z-Transform of the impulse response
d) None of the above

Answer: a) Fourier Transform of the impulse response

Q. 264 The Fourier Transform of the signal x(t) = δ(t-1) + δ(t+1) is:
 a) 2πδ(ω)
b) 2πjδ(ω)
c) 2e^(jω) + 2e^(-jω)
d) 2e^(jω) – 2e^(-jω)

Answer: c) 2e^(jω) + 2e^(-jω)

Q. 265 The system represented by the equation y(t) = ∫(x(t – τ) – h(τ))dτ from -∞ to ∞ is:
a) A linear system
b) A non-linear system
c) A time invariant system
d) A causal system

Answer: b) A non-linear system

For an LTI system, if the input x(t) = cos(t), and the output y(t) = cos(2t), then
Q. 266
the system is:
a) Linear and time-invariant
b) Non-linear and time-invariant
c) Linear and time-variant
d) Non-linear and time-variant

Answer: d) Non-linear and time-variant

Q. 267 The Fourier Transform of the signal x(t) = e^(-at)u(t) for a > 0 is:
a) 1/(a + jω)
b) 1/(a – jω)
c) 1/(a + ω)
d) 1/(a – ω)

Answer: a) 1/(a + jω)

Q. 268 The signal x(t) = A sin(ωt + θ) is a:

a) Non-periodic real signal
b) Periodic real signal
c) Periodic complex signal
d) Non-periodic complex signal

Answer: b) Periodic real signal

A system has a response to a unit step function that begins at t=0 and decays
Q. 269 exponentially with a time constant of 2 seconds. What is the impulse response of
the system?
a) e^-t u(t)
b) e^-2t u(t)
c) e^-t/2 u(t)
 d) e^t u(t)

Answer: b) e^-2t u(t)

Q. 270 For an LTI system characterized by the equation y(t) = x(t)^2, the system is:
a) Linear
b) Non-linear
c) Time-invariant
d) Time-variant

Answer: b) Non-linear

A system has a frequency response H(jω) = 1/(1+jω). Which type of system does
Q. 271
it represent?
a) High-pass filter
b) Low-pass filter
c) Band-pass filter
d) Band-reject filter

Answer: b) Low-pass filter

The output of a continuous-time LTI system is y(t) = e^-t cos(t)u(t). If the input
Q. 272
is δ(t), what is the system’s impulse response?
a) δ(t)
b) e^-t cos(t)u(t)
c) e^-t sin(t)u(t)
d) None of the above

Answer: b) e^-t cos(t)u(t)

The output y(t) of a system is related to the input x(t) by the equation y(t) =
Q. 273
∫x(τ)dτ from -∞ to t. This system is:
a) Linear and Time-Invariant
b) Linear and Time-Variant
c) Nonlinear and Time-Invariant
d) Nonlinear and Time-Variant

Answer: a) Linear and Time-Invariant

Q. 274 Which of the following signals is not time-limited?

a) x(t) = e^(-t)u(t)
b) x(t) = sinc(t)
c) x(t) = cos(ωt)
d) x(t) = e^(-|t|)

Answer: c) x(t) = cos(ωt)

 If a system is characterized by the equation y(t) = t * x(t), what type of system is
Q. 275
this?
a) Linear Time-Invariant (LTI) system
b) Linear Time-Variant (LTV) system
c) Nonlinear Time-Invariant (NLI) system
d) Nonlinear Time-Variant (NLTV) system

Answer: b) Linear Time-Variant (LTV) system

Q. 276 The signal x[n] = A cos(ω0 n + θ) is periodic if:

a) A is rational
b) ω0/2π is rational
c) ω0 is rational
d) θ is rational

Answer: c) ω0 is rational

What is the convolution of two rectangular pulses p(t) of width T and amplitude
Q. 277
A?
a) A triangular pulse of width 2T and amplitude A^2T
b) A rectangular pulse of width 2T and amplitude A^2
c) A sinc function of width 2T and amplitude A^2
d) None of the above

Answer: a) A triangular pulse of width 2T and amplitude A^2T

The output of a continuous-time LTI system is zero for all time prior to t = 0.
Q. 278
Which of the following properties does the system have?
a) Linearity
b) Causality
c) Stability
d) Time-Invariance

Answer: b) Causality

For a discrete-time LTI system described by y[n] = 2x[n] + 3x[n – 1] – y[n – 1],
Q. 279
what type of system is this?
a) Recursive
b) Non-recursive
c) Neither a nor b
d) Both a and b

Answer: a) Recursive

Q. 280 If X(ω) is the Fourier transform of x(t), what is the Fourier transform of x(2t)?
 a) 1/2 X(ω/2)
b) 1/2 X(2ω)
c) 2 X(ω/2)
d) 2 X(2ω)

Answer: c) 2 X(ω/2)

Q. 281 If the Fourier Transform of x(t) is X(ω), the Fourier Transform of x*(t) is:
a) X*(ω)
b) X*(-ω)
c) X(ω)
d) X(-ω)

Answer: b) X*(-ω)

The Fourier series representation of a periodic signal x(t) with period T is given
Q. 282
by x(t) = ∑(Cn e^(jnω0t)) from n=-∞ to ∞. The coefficient Cn is given by:
a) 1/T ∫(x(t) e^(-jnω0t))dt over one period
b) T ∫(x(t) e^(jnω0t))dt over one period
c) 1/T ∫(x(t) e^(jnω0t))dt over one period
d) T ∫(x(t) e^(-jnω0t))dt over one period

Answer: a) 1/T ∫(x(t) e^(-jnω0t))dt over one period

Q. 283 The Fourier Transform of the signal x(t) = δ(t – t0) is:
a) e^(jωt0)
b) e^(-jωt0)
c) 1
d) δ(ω)

Answer: b) e^(-jωt0)

Q. 284 For a system characterized by y(t) = x(at), for a ≠ 1, the system is:
a) Linear and time-invariant
b) Linear and time-variant
c) Nonlinear and time-invariant
d) Nonlinear and time-variant

Answer: b) Linear and time-variant

Q. 285 The Fourier Transform of a rectangular pulse of amplitude A and duration T is:
a) AT sinc(ωT/2)
b) A sinc(ωT/2)
c) AT sinc(ωT)
d) A sinc(ωT)
 Answer: b) A sinc(ωT/2)

What is the transfer function of a system characterized by the difference equation

Q. 286
y[n] = x[n] – 0.5x[n – 1]?
a) H(z) = 1 – 0.5z^-1
b) H(z) = 1 – 0.5z
c) H(z) = 1 + 0.5z^-1
d) H(z) = 1 + 0.5z

Answer: a) H(z) = 1 – 0.5z^-1

Q. 287 A system has an impulse response h(t) = u(t) – u(t – 1). This system is:
a) Low-pass filter
b) High-pass filter
c) Band-pass filter
d) Band-reject filter

Answer: a) Low-pass filter

Q. 288 For a signal x(t) = cos(ωt), the energy of the signal is:
a) Infinite
b) ½
c) 1
d) 0

Answer: a) Infinite

Q. 289 For a real signal x(t), its Fourier Transform satisfies the property:
a) X(-ω) = X*(ω)
b) X(-ω) = X(ω)
c) X(-ω) = -X(ω)
d) X(-ω) = -X*(ω)

Answer: a) X(-ω) = X*(ω)

Considering an LTI system with impulse response h(t) = e^(-2t)u(t), which of the
Q. 290
following signals would result from a unit impulse input?
a) e^(-t)
b) e^(-2t)
c) e^(-3t)
d) e^(-4t)

Answer: b) e^(-2t)

Q. 291 Parseval’s theorem connects:

 A. Time domain energy with frequency domain energy
B. Power in time domain with energy in frequency domain
C. Time domain power with frequency domain power
D. None of the above
Answer: A

Q. 292 Which of the following conditions indicate that a system is non-linear?

A. The output is the square of the input

B. The output is proportional to the input
C. The system obeys the superposition principle
D. The system’s output depends only on the present input
Answer: A

When first introduced to the concept of Fourier Transforms, what was your initial
Q. 293
reaction to its relevance in real-world applications?

A. Excited about its potential in numerous applications

B. Unsure about its practicality beyond theory
C. Overwhelmed by its mathematical complexity
D. Eager to relate it to time-domain representations
Answer: This is subjective; however, A is the most positively affective response.

What emotions arise when you think about representing signals both in time and
Q. 294
frequency domains?

A. Intrigue, to see the different perspectives

B. Anxiety, due to the complexity of transitions
C. Indifference, as both representations feel equally challenging
D. Confidence, given a strong foundational understanding of the concepts
Answer: Subjective, but D reflects a solid grounding in the subject.

When faced with a system’s response, which domain do you instinctively feel
Q. 295
most comfortable analyzing first?

A. Time domain, as it feels more intuitive

B. Frequency domain, to gain a holistic overview
C. Neither, both feel equally challenging
D. Both, as they offer complementary insights
Answer: Subjective; based on individual comfort levels.

How does the application of Laplace Transform in circuit analysis resonate with
Q. 296
your perception of holistic system understanding?

A. It deepens the appreciation of system dynamics

B. It feels like a redundant mathematical step
 C. It bridges the gap between time and frequency domains
D. It complicates an otherwise simple system analysis
Answer: A or C reflects a deeper understanding of the tool’s importance.

How do you value the classification of systems (e.g., LTI, causal) in the broader
Q. 297
context of engineering applications?

A. Essential for tailoring system designs

B. Merely a theoretical exercise
C. Important for academic assessments only
D. Pivotal for understanding system behavior in various scenarios
Answer: A or D indicates a deeper appreciation of the topic.

Which aspect of signals and systems do you feel adds the most value to your
Q. 298
analytical toolkit as an aspiring engineer?

A. The rigorous mathematical derivations

B. The real-world applications and case studies
C. The challenge of visualizing abstract concepts
D. The historical evolution of the subject
Answer: B emphasizes the applicability of knowledge.

In your study group discussions, which topic from signals and systems
Q. 299
consistently evokes the most enthusiasm?

A. Convolution integral and its interpretation

B. Fourier series representation of periodic signals
C. Properties of LTI systems
D. Sampling theorem and its implications
Answer: Subjective; the topic of most interest can vary.

Which of the following best describes your attitude towards the inherent
Q. 300
mathematics in signals and systems?

A. A necessary foundation for true understanding

B. A hurdle to understanding the broader concepts
C. An enjoyable challenge
D. Irrelevant for practical applications
Answer: A or C suggests a positive approach to the subject’s mathematical
aspects.
Parseval’s theorem connects:
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