vide of which ie i the obese ered om| “The phenomenon vb ad woll AS ‘lis ft. fravels ana one _m tg i's charSe én sion ‘eb “qénoc tion to called retraction: ales tos. ousostance — 4 be asia C) Aigone. Medium — ci) Dencen- Moqieen - eis) Rare Tego sum shea — Deght ovals Peon 1 rome medi um: to eu a Joworeeps the_ a angle oF ipeiqen T— angle cf retraction « ih pe ‘Scanned wih CamScannerDenses > Fat Lisi ou ik corse ; medium to rorre_megiv* d Fea the norma = cor | Lowe OF ar Flin Hon t= : E Fires _ ql be * the "when light “pope Fron, bP one _meclium Lo another flea ie sino of angle cf,| — doc lence beara? a cons tt, ratio. with to oxno_of | ange. of aati ‘Scanned with CamScanner“| te estar =k Ccons tant) Store | Soe Low + — | De zeigen! ay reac’ lee| frat) Ey fhe novermal to the tnlere ace at the ne of Fock nex po ane Ole in one plane && the plane ros per ubs which oeporcites Phe two ime, , = efeocliae all Ingen c ws i a fo mi realio bot © sip of angle of ante H. he to the orga, of the metraciéon when h Ahe Org ht lnaveles from onc medium to other: | I sing. = ‘te, = Up \ Su at ee i >) ~ Sint = pt. sion = constt=K | {2 ais) “to: olen .neprescniel.. by. the. chonbe in veloc i a medium with ape tor Seiden: 2O ent ey £0 also ne pcesente lhe reatéo_bel” ch L anh’ _in., ware | Genfeh ts mi horn hth, nespectivel to mel tum 2 - - ] ‘Scanned wih CamScanner; emerges sales Se Conei an tneiclent aoy 50, ios intents 1 ato’ po ai react ten ar Feely — ‘Scanned wih CamScannerMultiply: 08, Che above ‘feo equation we el 2~ pint ig SIO = tg 28; | sine Sint | pitts aus! | > ‘ey =—_ t 2 ? 20tr “Reficactive inden ina compound slab | oS ey \ \ ty >| te, > Uy rts \ al Cont ere an Locident staty tos ingiqent al 0, : & aa along, 0,0,- Thon il weno. along, |0,0s ot third “tem fad Peoobly emertaps abe’ oe ent a te. tS O H diary uy | hen Che — Sh*t Lreavellas trom # ‘te sean] medi, to thice medium - | sin Uy Ry =O | Sig, Cee P ott When ie Qeaht Lrovels From Bred medium to i | tosh me sit oe 3a, — (m eee a3 = at ge he} sine Us : ‘Scanned wih CamScannerJj “Prlobtipiying, Ye oboe nes aqpotien et eg 2 Nap C-* een? i ; . aa ag BOK EL I] Sint» Si0RL x SM yy hae storey Sin sind il Seen Fee, x Pets 1 fe 3~ b, Xo" = = | st ot - Calcolote the nedeackie- index when the | b I 1eS ht travels Prom ain woten: ot | w & fg 2 ppt a ss i feo ee —1— So fps pat ruccam paid} to 0 TB a Calevlote the absolile netractive inden a when the Le6ht tnavelo Pirom_—_walee to __| _ | Glas _mecltem - i ow US LE Tw . canes “31] When Light tnovela trom_one_meaiva | denser medium. ¢ fy real the ogle — netlectton €% retraction thon prose tht? tar 2 a tgs 4k oe uwtt———_ 95 - iz1 start 7 Py vse enh, camoneafo Ef EL bvicleno— | adtct lan, SIN 510 ctl Sint = Ainte — = meee ee 2 0 6 = a eae te CHE). =e CSE) ale ie a itn) — toa (ign) = | col ( Se) be S an a ee (Bs a — euiae ‘Scanned with CamScannerdota L_inkernol re’ leoti’on WT eet then the raft fer del Tee Wh { able. — || med fum ‘lo reante E 7 . ts 90. 10_fa, frac tton os lle cle ne ify angle of ne mequm woith the. acamal incident id callecf enifico Fotal inlencab wet lecdton. + = ——F When he leght dieavelos ficom fonder medtum ‘lo rome, megium MH reflects, clon in same ium en. sere neofiv) 105 eallY _ Pccore ding to nell ’o aw Sao 2 ML = CD-R) RE : L dint U2 oo oO + Fy cose of cnt licol. angle — ~~ jee : of 2 os ess ce = 90 ps) LE ounce. = Au. = eee oOrngd 2 - Vin); Pee > sinc Ce Se Z u > fas | oe snc ‘Scanned with CamScannerMppcalione 57 Fleotiny of Coin = ds Lo a e coin \ \ Yeats : 1 yo N | ‘Ae <5 eS Consider a Glace Jumblece Zo utlec! axsome | amant of water €¢ Lhen tilled} aes eye ond a coin ie pute] inet tho ‘lumblere welected a4 | to “foun tom the coin in lhe fonesere medium 0 | TAR ol(ees _ploce thot why the abject tube | appear From the §loos whith fo optécol illusion: 1a) Briliance of dimond me —t diamond] —* a5,7 et = ae bt : sine i a) Dhe_cnitical angle ffomor| over frees in commie Jo other mecfiuen ince od cnilic 0 angle to Bad yory leds, he otal io tescaal reflection. to ‘lake place — the manifold ct the Giosond .o_it dazzle is Gi). When- a nay of 026 hL en tenes —islo the_motentol | no. of ref fection laljecs.-ploce saat the soilenca flection . takeas place ‘ bo the total intoreal me sho thalo» why t4. dazzle: es ‘Scanned wih CamScannerMihi oe diwo lypes— (a) Foterion minnage ———~ Cb) cSupenion minnaSe:——— (a) a re W)innaget ij oe tn ae a - Th. dosent. nea. Stead ec is li ie cpr ip per. ete Se pa e Lisea| ro. then one haa | wate om vs ee ae rom Lhe object! cee) t fn cfonesont mi iam ils an gle fa once S003 on_1N.crre0 Sun) ae all tll 1 neo a a —enitical ie os "dag flec the_ same. “mmechiuen So the to tol bent aes stick toes qfoce_thal ls why the roy to ora coment 3 which - ‘dis 0. ol sie io5_i5 calles inferior. VT ae ‘Scanned with CamScanner| Titcon —t)tollt to Ble endbtcall obfe of dtomend 2 : Bo~ te diamond 2.8 —_ “wrt [oi Sige Mies | iP happen io cold area « At as = t} Lote S = 7 \\ a | Bases | Mh cold ne§fon the emp. in the Gprouro] lobe! lite fess than: the upper reqjon «do the Q i daily in round} region io mone than. {he upper rea,i0n « When the LiGht comecs “I orn the object eis) fewonchs fo eye it agflela ote scime_mediuen: ‘Thentone ilo anile oF pincicance spes__an_inenencsing, Seacf-all Fuld it netechet Flee 5 critical value & Lhen ne’ cin Lhe esame_medjium + ‘ ne

qd = 1:55 % ses 2 Bay Fe "13 Trove thot :- 50) S103 Arcs; aly i Pexiating — gat cys oles a ile tos nefnactive doen siory . £o . Xe SMM M2 sing2 tthe sine els By Gi yi —a a =O ‘Scanned wih ComScanner. | (b) Concave dons i= Feo : 1 Salon which tes Aone by two operical sertace fo Known acd 1 Th to 6 @) Conver (b) Concave Canes « WO Lypeco Dones lores 1a) Convex Leng 1— 4. OL ice ae conver’ jng, Lon. a T’a Focal Length io positive: aT _to of 3 fiqas. 4) Double conven Leno /Biconven Gi) Pano - conven lon L ) | iii) concavo~ Conver Dons. y Lis o govern, Denes 5 Mo focal Ong tL ies aciplive: . Wis ot 5 S. = (2) Dabble ence eres. $d ‘Scanned with CamScannerys | cir Plano ~ concave fons ; ft (iii) conveno~ concave Denes ¢ ravi Conversion Al be ipo I Anavels tron Let by nigfl Neo oplical' cenlor ic choogen t0.1 ae All the lmansverese mo afer lhe pa | outs tes Token as belie while Lolo th x owies ri Token 068 , ecqgrtive: AML the dials 0 fg objets. oat rare nor he at ‘cal cenlen hen. a6 _ocgolive N MIL dis ce of ort “one toler 06 refjartn| when 1 is vondual 8 posilive silt tl to_eal- —[ebat Fcakion <= =e Focal gia = ___ - e © Conven Lens: .@- Concave tens _*- Pe-ve Concave * fgg Laas Se aad | the preiocipol ania» Natore , Powition, cdize of on _Tmaae to lens ya) Convex_bens When the objocl io ol D- ie : MN |! . A | yp rp | i - 3 ) = | Charracleees:~ =a a to neal & cowerled] in_nolone: > Dio Tormed..a}. Focus « 4 3 9} is dimineshed) th «size: | > mri : a ‘Scanned with CemScanner“Coraclens F ls iw. “re High es in 10 TS Me. tahoe ics amet in. "Ean na |i > Otis qiminishe | in_obizes ++ “fF jt > m <1 SS — | Chonoclers t= st alt fe | 9 90 image fenmen)_o. lon» | 7 > Tt same_in_csixe- < ee Bae ‘Scanned with CamScanner