Data System Low Current Systems

Data System
1. What is meant by networks?
Networks refer to interconnected systems of computers, devices, or people that can
communicate and share resources with each other.

2. What do you know about LAN?

LAN (Local Area Network) is a network that connects devices in a limited
geographical area, such as within a building or campus. It typically offers high-speed
connectivity and is used for sharing resources like files, printers, and internet access.

3. What do you know about WAN?

WAN (Wide Area Network) is a network that covers a large geographical area, often
spanning cities, countries, or continents. It connects multiple LANs and allows for
long-distance communication, usually through leased lines or internet connections.

4. What are the characteristics and advantages of LAN?

Characteristics of LAN include high data transfer rates, low latency, and easy
management. Advantages include fast communication, resource sharing, and cost-
effectiveness for local networking needs.

5. What are the characteristics and advantages of WAN?

Characteristics of WAN include long-distance connectivity, slower data transfer rates
compared to LAN, and higher costs. Advantages include global reach, scalability, and
the ability to connect remote locations.

6. What are the components of a data network?

Components of a data network include devices like computers, routers, switches, and
servers, as well as cables, wireless access points, and networking software.

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Data System Low Current Systems

7. What is a data socket outlet?

A data socket outlet, also known as a network outlet, is a physical port on a wall or
panel used to connect network devices to a LAN using Ethernet cables.

8. What is RJ45?
RJ45 is a standard connector used for Ethernet networking. It has eight pins and is
commonly used to terminate twisted-pair Ethernet cables.

9. What cables are used with RJ45?

RJ45 connectors are typically used with twisted-pair Ethernet cables, including Cat5e,
Cat6, and Cat6a cables.

10. What is Wireless Access Point?

A Wireless Access Point (WAP) is a networking device that allows wireless devices to
connect to a wired network using Wi-Fi technology.

11. What do you know about POE?

POE (Power over Ethernet) is a technology that allows both power and data to be
transmitted over Ethernet cables. It enables devices like IP cameras, wireless access
points, and VoIP phones to receive power from the same cable used for network
connectivity.

12. What is the Patch Panel and how important is it?

A Patch Panel is a mounted hardware assembly that contains ports used to connect
and manage the incoming and outgoing Ethernet cables. It's essential for organizing
and maintaining network connections in data centers and network installations.

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Data System Low Current Systems

13. What is the connection between the patch panel and the switch?
The Patch Panel acts as a central point where cables from different locations
terminate, while the Switch connects devices within a network. Patch cables are used
to connect the ports on the Patch Panel to the ports on the Switch, enabling
communication between devices.

14. What are the types of Patch Panel?

Copper Patch Panel and Fiber Optics Patch Panel

15. What is the Switch and what are its most prominent features?
A Switch is a networking device that connects multiple devices within a local area
network (LAN) and forwards data to the appropriate destination based on MAC
addresses. Its prominent features include port density, switching capacity, VLAN
support, and management capabilities.

16. What do you know about Switching Capacity?

Switching Capacity refers to the maximum amount of data that a switch can process
simultaneously. It's measured in terms of throughput, typically in gigabits per second
(Gbps), and determines the switch's ability to handle network traffic efficiently.

17. What is a HUB device and how does it work?

a networking device that connects multiple Ethernet devices in a LAN. Unlike
switches, which forward data only to the intended destination, hubs broadcast data to
all connected devices, leading to more network collisions and reduced performance.

18. How do you ensure that the switch works in the event of a power outage?
To ensure uninterrupted operation during a power outage, switches can be connected
to Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) devices.

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19. What do you know about Modular Switch and Fixed Configurations Switch?
A Modular Switch allows for the addition or removal of interface modules to
customize the switch's configuration based on specific networking requirements. In
contrast, Fixed Configuration Switches have a fixed number of ports and cannot be
expanded or modified.

20. What is the difference between Managed Switch and Un-managed Switch?
A Managed Switch offers advanced features like VLAN configuration, Quality of
Service (QoS) prioritization, and remote management capabilities, allowing for
greater control and optimization of network performance. An Unmanaged Switch, on
the other hand, operates with a plug-and-play setup and lacks configuration options.

21. What are the types of managed switch?

Smart Switch and Enterprise Switch

22. What are the speeds and types of cables used in Ethernet Switch, Fast Ethernet
Switch and Giga Ethernet Switch?
• Ethernet Switch: Supports speeds up to 10 Mbps (megabits per second) and
commonly uses Cat5e or Cat6 cables.
• Fast Ethernet Switch: Supports speeds up to 100 Mbps and typically uses Cat5e or
Cat6 cables.
• Gigabit Ethernet Switch: Supports speeds up to 1000 Mbps (1 Gbps) and
commonly uses Cat5e, Cat6, or Cat6a cables.

23. What are the characteristics and features of Core Switch?

A Core Switch is a high-capacity switch that serves as the backbone of a network.
Characteristics include high switching capacity, low latency, and redundancy features
for reliability. Features may include support for advanced routing protocols, VLANs,
Quality of Service (QoS), and high-speed connectivity.

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Data System Low Current Systems

24. What does the abbreviation CAT mean?

CAT stands for Category, referring to the classification of twisted-pair Ethernet cables
based on their performance and specifications.

25. What are the types of Data Cables?

• Ethernet cables: Used for networking, such as Cat5e, Cat6, and Cat6a cables.
• Coaxial cables: Used for cable television (CATV), broadband internet, and some
networking applications.
• Fiber optic cables: Transmit data using light signals and are used for high-speed and
long-distance networking, including single-mode and multi-mode fiber.

26. What is the data transfer speed of Cat5, Cat5e, Cat6 and Cat6A?
• Cat5: Supports speeds up to 100 Mbps.
• Cat5e: Supports speeds up to 1 Gbps (1000 Mbps).
• Cat6: Supports speeds up to 10 Gbps.
• Cat6A: Supports speeds up to 10 Gbps over longer distances and with better
performance than Cat6.

27. What is the maximum data transfer distance for Cat5, Cat5e, Cat6 and Cat6A?
• Cat5: Up to 100 meters (328 feet).
• Cat5e: Up to 100 meters (328 feet).
• Cat6: Up to 100 meters (328 feet).
• Cat6A: Up to 100 meters (328 feet), but may support higher speeds over longer
distances.

28. What is the difference between UTP and STP?

• UTP (Unshielded Twisted Pair) cables have no additional shielding and are more
susceptible to electromagnetic interference (EMI) and crosstalk.
• STP (Shielded Twisted Pair) cables have additional shielding to protect against EMI and
crosstalk, providing better performance in noisy environments.
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29. What do you know about Fiber Optics cables?

• Fiber optic cables use light signals to transmit data over long distances and at
high speeds.
• Types of fiber optic cables include single-mode (for long-distance transmission)
and multi-mode (for shorter distances and lower costs).
• Fiber optics are commonly used in telecommunications, networking, and data
center applications.

30. What is the difference between SMF and MMF cables?

• SMF (Single-mode Fiber) has a smaller core, suitable for longer distances and
higher bandwidth.
• MMF (Multi-mode Fiber) has a larger core, suitable for shorter distances and
lower bandwidth.

31. What is Small Form-Factor Pluggable SFP?

Small Form-factor Pluggable (SFP) is a compact, hot-pluggable network interface
module format used for both telecommunication and data communications
applications. An SFP interface on networking hardware is a modular slot for a media-
specific transceiver, such as for a fiber-optic cable or a copper cable. The advantage of
using SFPs compared to fixed interfaces (e.g. modular connectors in Ethernet
switches) is that individual ports can be equipped with different types of transceivers
as required, with the majority including optical line terminals, network cards,
switches and routers.

32. What is the function of Media Converter?

A media converter is a networking device that connects two different media, like
Ethernet copper and Ethernet fiber. Typically, they connect devices that are beyond
100 meters from the nearest available switch.

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33. What does Cables Management do?

Cable Management organizes and maintains cables within a network infrastructure for
better aesthetics and accessibility.

34. What are the characteristics and importance of a router?

 Characteristics: Routes data between networks, supports WAN connectivity, and
provides security features like NAT and firewall.
 Importance: Directs traffic, ensures efficient data delivery, and enhances network
security and segmentation.

35. What are the characteristics and importance of the server?

 Characteristics: High processing power, memory, and storage capacity, reliability
features like redundancy and fault tolerance.
 Importance: Powers network services, stores and manages data, hosts applications,
facilitates collaboration and communication.

36. What are the characteristics and importance of firewall and what are its types?
Characteristics: Protects networks from unauthorized access, malicious traffic, and
unwanted content.
Types: Hardware, software(Kaspersky Program), and cloud-based firewalls.

37. What do you know about PDU?

A power distribution unit (PDU) is a device fitted with multiple outputs designed to
distribute electric power, especially to racks of computers and networking equipment
located within a data center
38. What is the importance of IT Rack?
IT Rack provides physical support and organization for networking and server
equipment, optimizing space utilization, facilitating cable management and airflow,
and enhancing equipment accessibility for maintenance and troubleshooting.

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Telephone Systems
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Telephone Systems Low Current Systems

Telephone Systems
39. What type of connection socket is used in Traditional Telephone Systems?
RJ11 sockets

40. What type of connection socket is used in IP Telephone Systems?

RJ45 sockets

41. What are the other names for Telephone Box (TB)?
Telephone Junction Box (TJB) or Distribution Frame (DF)

42. What is the function of the Sub Distribution Frame ( SDF ) ?

(SDF) functions as a point where cables from various locations are terminated and
connected to the Main Distribution Frame (MDF)

43. What are the other name for SDF?

Intermediate Distribution Frame (IDF)

44. What is the function of the Main Distribution Frame ( MDF ) ?

A Main Distribution Frame (MDF) is a signal distribution frame or cable rack used in
telephony to interconnect and manage telecommunication wiring between itself
and any number of intermediate distribution frames and cabling from the telephony
network it supports

45. What is PBAX?

PBAX stands for Private Branch Exchange, which is a telephone system used within
an organization to route internal and external calls.

46. What are the characteristics and advantages of PBAX?

Characteristics and advantages of PBAX include call routing, voicemail, conferencing, and
scalability to accommodate organizational growth
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47. What is UTP and STP Cables?

UTP (Unshielded Twisted Pair) and STP (Shielded Twisted Pair) cables are types of
copper cables used for networking, with STP offering additional shielding against
electromagnetic interference.

48. What is the cable type commonly used in the traditional telephone system?
Cat3 cable

49. What is VOIP?

VOIP stands for Voice over Internet Protocol, a technology that allows voice
communication over the internet instead of traditional telephone networks

50.What is ATA?
ATA stands for Analog Telephone Adapter, a device that converts analog signals
from traditional telephones into digital signals for use with VoIP systems.

51. What is PSTN?

The public switched telephone network, or PSTN, is the world's collection of
interconnected voice-oriented public telephone networks. PSTN is the
traditional circuit-switched telephone network. PSTN comprises all the switched
telephone networks around the world that are operated by local, national or
international carriers. These networks provide the infrastructure and services for
public telecommunication.

52. What is SIP Trunking?

SIP Trunking is a method of delivering telephone and unified communications
services over the internet using the SIP (Session Initiation Protocol) standard

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53. If we have a company that has a main center and a branch center in another
city, what is preferable for the company to choose a telephone system? And why?
For such a scenario, a VoIP telephone system would be preferable because it allows
seamless communication between multiple locations over the internet, reducing
costs and providing flexibility.

54. If the distance when using data cables exceeds 90 m, what cables are used to
cover the long distance?
For long distances exceeding 90 meters, fiber optic cables are commonly used due to
their ability to transmit data over longer distances without signal degradation.

55. What is IP-PBX?

For long distances exceeding 90 meters, fiber optic cables are commonly used due to
their ability to transmit data over longer distances without signal degradation.

56. What are the features of IP-PBX?

Less cost, ease of maintenance, saving a lot of time by sending a voice mail
message to all devices at the same time without resorting to alerting individual
employees, and the ease of making calls between countries by connecting to the
Internet or using special features.

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