Worksheet: Matrices

Name : ______________________ ( ) Class : _______ Date : ___________

Introduction to Matrices (I)

1. State the order of each of the following matrices.

− 3 0 
1  
(a)   (b)  1 2
 3  0 − 1
 
 1   3.5 1 0 − 2
3 0 0  
(c)  4  (d)  0 2.8 − 1 4 
 − 1 2 0 1   12 − 9 5.2 2 
 3   

2. Find the values of p and q for each of the following.

 2 0  2 q   3 p  12 
(a)   =   (b)   =  
 p − 1  3 − 1  q − 5  1 

 3   1 − 6  p+q   4 
 1 p   =  
(c)
 2  =   (d)
− 2 2   2q 2   2 p − q   − 1

 r + 4 − 1  9 − 1
3. Given that A =   and B = 1  , find the values of r, s and t if
 2 5r   s t 
2 
A = B.

Addition and Subtraction of Matrices

4. Evaluate each of the following.

 3  − 2
(a)   +   (b) (2 5) + (–4 1)
 5  1
3 2  2 7
4 0   1 − 3    
(c)   +   (d) 0 − 3 +  4 1
 7 − 2  2 5  5
 1   − 1 3 

 3  − 2 
(e)   –   (f) (3 7) – (5 –2)
 5  9 

2 − 4 5 3  7 −1 3 2  2 − 3 0 8
(g)   –   (h)   –  
5 1  4 − 6   5 0 8 1  1 − 5 − 3 2

1
5. Evaluate each of the following.
 4 1   1 − 3  9 − 1   − 1.8 3 
(a) 1  +  (b)   –  
 5  2   0.8 0.2   − 0.5 1 
3  2 1
 m   3m   3a b   7a − 4b 
(c)   +   (d)   –  
 2n   − n   5b − a   − 4b 5a 

6. Given that
 − 3 1
 2  4 2 5  
P =   , Q =   , R =  − 4 2 ,
5  1 0 3  1 5
 

1 2
 5 − 3 1    − 6
S =   , T = 0 1 , U =   ,
 − 4 − 1 3 1 0  1
 

find, where possible, the matrix representing each of the following.

(a) P+U (b) P+R (c) Q–S
(d) Q+R (e) U–P (f) T–R

7. Find P in each of the following matrix equations.

 3 2  8 4  7 6  2 −1
(a) P +   =   (b)   – P =  
 − 2 0  − 7 5  − 2 5 − 3 9 

8. Find the values of a, b, c and d for each of the following.

 3 a   b 4  8 − 3
(a)   +   =  
2 5 −1 c  d 4 

 2 9 a 2  − 4 c 
(b)   –   = 
 − 5 4  b −1   3 d 

Matrix Multiplication (I)

9. Evaluate each of the following.

 2 2 10 − 5 
(a) 4   (b)  
 −1  5 15 6 

 
2 0 − 12 
1  6
(c) 45 −3 (d) 3 6
 1 3 − 
1  2 5
 2
10. Simplify each of the following.
3 1  8 − 3 
(a) 2(2 3) + 4(1 –3) (b) 2   –  
 0 −1  4 5 

 − 3  3
3 1 2  1 5 4    
(c) 3   – 2   (d) –2  − 6  – 4  2 
 2 4 − 5  −1 3 − 3  4  − 2
   

2 −1  4 0
11. Given that A =   and B =   , evaluate
3 4   − 3 5
(a) 3A, (b) A – 2B,
(c) 4B – 3A, (d) –2A + 3B.

12. Find the matrix X such that

5 −1 7  3 5 − 7
4X –   =  
2 − 4 8  − 2 − 8 0 

13. Find the values of a and b in each of the following.

1  b 8
(a) 4   + 2   =  
a  − 3  6

 − 4  b   4
     
(b) 2  a  – 3  2 =  − 2
 3  −1   9 
     

 − 3 a b 4  9 − 4
(c) 4   + 3   =  
 2 1  1 3  11 13 

4 3 b 5  8 − 2
(d) 6   – 4   =  
2 a  3 − 5  0 2 
Matrix Multiplication (II)

14. Evaluate the following matrix multiplications.

 2 6
(a) (4 1)   (b) (1 –3)  
 3  2

 3  − 5
   
(c) (1 3 2)  0  (d) (4 –1 2)  1 
1  3
   

15. Evaluate the following products where possible.

1  2
 1 2   3     1 − 3 2
(a)     (b) (1 2)  0  (c) 0  
3 4 1  4 1 5 0 1 
   
 5 0
   4 0 2 1
(d) (2 5 –1)  0 1  (e)   (–2 1) (f) (1 –2)  
 2 3  1 2   0 4
 

5 −1  7 3
4 0 1     5 0 1
(g)    0 1 (h)  1 0   
 1 − 3 2  2  − 2 1 9 − 1 3 
 0   

16. Find a and b,given that

 2 5  3 − 2  6 a 
(a)     =   ,
 1 2  0 1   b 0 

4 a  1 3  8 4 
(b)     =   ,
1 − 2  2 b   − 3 11

a  a
(c) (1 2)   = (2 1)   ,
 4  − 2

 2
 a 0 − 2    2
(d)    3 =   .
1 3 1     b 
 − 5
5 − 2
 − 3 1 6  
17. It is given that A =   and B = 5 0 .
 2 2 0 1 3 

(a) Calculate AB and BA.
(b) Hence, deduce if matrix multiplication is commutative.
Solving Practical Problems Using Matrices

18. A hawker sells chicken rice and duck rice at $2 and $3 per plate, respectively. The
table below shows the number of plates of each type of rice sold over a particular
weekend.

Chicken Rice Duck Rice

Saturday 125 84
Sunday 92 80

 125 84   2
Given that A =   and B =   ,
 92 80   3
(a) evaluate AB, [1]
(b) explain what the numbers in your answer to part (a) represent. [1]

19. In a Mathematics test, 5 marks are awarded for a correct answer, 2 marks are
deducted for a wrong answer and no marks are awarded for an unanswered question.

Ali got 12 answers right, 5 answers wrong and did not attempt 3 questions. Suling
attempted all the questions, but got only 14 correct.

(a) Write down two matrices which when multiplied, will give the total marks
obtained by Ali and by Suling. [2]
(b) Hence, evaluate the matrix multiplication and state the total marks obtained by
each of them. [2]

20. The table below shows the number of adults and children who watched a movie at a
cinema on three different days.

No. of adults No. of children

Friday 415 722
Saturday 510 653
Sunday 342 420

The cost of an adult ticket is $8, while the cost of a child ticket is $5.

 415 722 
  8
It is given that A =  510 653  , B =   and C = AB.
 342 420   5
 
(a) (i) Evaluate C. [1, 1]
(ii) Explain what the numbers in your answer to part (a)(i) represent.
(b) Given that D = (1 1 1),
(i) evaluate DC, [1]
(ii) explain what your answer represents. [1]
21. A shop sells two packs of goodies. Pack A contains 3 beverages, 5 chocolates and 10
cookies. Pack B contains 5 beverages, 10 chocolates and 10 cookies. The prices of single
goodies are: $2 for beverages, $3 for chocolates and $1.50 for cookies. This information can
be represented by the following matrices:
 2
 3 5 10   
P =   Q=  3 
 5 10 10   1 .5 
 
(a) Find PQ. [1]
(b) Explain what the numbers in your answer represent. [1]
Answers

1 (a) 21 (b) 3  2 (c) 2  4 (d) 34

2 (a) p = 3, q = 0 (b) p = 4, q = 6

(c) p = –4, q = –1 (d) p = 1, q = 3

3 r = 5, s = 4, t = 25
1  5 − 3
4 (a)   (b) (–2 6) (c)  
6 9 3 
5 9
   5
(d)  4 − 2 (e)   (f) (–2 9)
4 4   − 4


− 3 − 7  5 2 3 − 6
(g)   (h)  
 1 7   4 5 11 − 1 

9 
 − 2  10.8 − 4 
5 (a) 2  (b)  
 7 6   1.3 − 0.8 
3 

 4m   − 4a 5b 
(c)   (d)  
 n  9b − 6 a 

 − 4  −1 5 4
6 (a)   (b) Not defined (c)  
 6  5 1 0 
4 1
 − 8  
(d) Not defined (e)   (f)  4 − 1
 − 4  0 − 5
 
 5 2 5 7
7 (a) P =   (b) P =  
 − 5 5 1 − 4

8 (a) a = –7, b = 5, c = –1, d = 1 (b) a = 6, b = –8, c = 7, d = 5

 8 4 − 2 
9 (a)   (b)  12 
 − 4 6 
 5

 8 0
2 −4
  1
(c)  20 − 12  (d) 2
 − 
 4 2  2 5

  − 6
− 2 5  7 − 7 − 2  
10 (a) (8 –6) (b)   (c)   (d)  4
− 4 − 7 8 6 − 9   0
 

6 − 3  − 6 −1   10 3   8 2
11 (a)   (b)   (c)   (d)  
9 12   9 − 6  − 21 8   − 15 7 

2 1 0
12  
 0 − 3 2

13 (a) a = 3, b = 2 (b) a = 2, b = –4

(c) a = –4, b = 7 (d) a = –3, b = 4

14 (a) (11) (b) (0)

(c) (5) (d) (–15)

 5
15 (a)   (b) Not defined (c) Not defined
 13 
(d) (8 2) (e) Not defined (f) (2 –7)

 62 − 3 16 
 22 − 4   
(g)   (h)  5 0 1
 9 − 4  − 1 − 1 1
 

16 (a) a = 1, b = 3 (b) a = 2, b = –4

(c) a = 10 (d) a = –4, b = 6

 − 19 1 30 
 − 4 24   
17 (a) AB =   BA =  − 15 5 30 
 20 − 4   3 7 6 


(b) Since AB  BA, matrix multiplication is not commutative.

  502 
18 (a)  
 424 

(b) 502 represents the total amount (in $) the hawker made on Saturday.
424 represents the total amount (in $) the hawker made on Sunday.

 5
12 5 3    50 
19 (a)   − 2  (b)  
14 6 0  0   58 
 
Ali: 50 marks, Suling: 58 marks

 6 930 
 
20 (a) (i)  7 345 
 4 836 
 

(ii) 6 930 represents the total amount (in $) the cinema operator made on
Friday.
7 345 represents the total amount (in $) the cinema operator made on
Saturday.
4 836 represents the total amount (in $) the cinema operator made on
Sunday.

(b) (i) 19 111

(ii) 19 111 represents the amount (in $) the cinema operator earned over
the three days.

 36 
21 (a)  
 55 

(b) 36 represents the cost (in $) of Pack A.

55 represents the cost (in $) of Pack B.