Scribd
Upload
55 views11 pages

Math Formulas

This document provides formulas and definitions for exponents, profit and loss, simple interest, identities, linear equations, shapes, areas, and sets. Key formulas include those relating to product and quotient laws, profit and loss calculations, simple interest, Pythagorean theorem, area of triangles, squares, rectangles, trapezoids, and circles.

Uploaded by

surabhi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
55 views11 pages

Math Formulas

This document provides formulas and definitions for exponents, profit and loss, simple interest, identities, linear equations, shapes, areas, and sets. Key formulas include those relating to product and quotient laws, profit and loss calculations, simple interest, Pythagorean theorem, area of triangles, squares, rectangles, trapezoids, and circles.

Uploaded by

surabhi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 11

MATH FORMULAS

EXPONENTS
 Product Law: am X an = am+n
 Quotient Law : am / an = am-n , if m>n
: am / an = 1 / an-m , if n>m
 Power Law : (am)n = amn
 (-a)n = an , if n is even
 (-a)n = -an , if n is odd
 a-n = 1/ an
 1/ a-n = an
 (a X b)n = an X bn
 (a/b)n = an / bn
 a0 = 1
 n√a = a1/n
 n√am = am/n

PROFIT , LOSS , DISCOUNT


 P = SP – CP
 L = CP – SP
 SP = CP + P
 SP = CP – L
 CP = SP – P
 CP = SP + L
 P% = P/CP X 100%
 L% = L/CP X 100%
 No of articles bought/sold = Total P / P per article
 SP = (100 + P%)/100 X CP
 SP = (100 - L%)/100 X CP
 CP = 100 / (100 + P%) X SP
 CP = 100 / (100 - L%) X SP
 D = MP – SP
 MP = SP + D
 SP = MP – D
 D% = D / MP X 100% OR MP - SP / MP X 100
 SP = 100 – D% / 100 X MP
 MP = 100 / 100 – D% X SP
 Successive D : SP = MP (1 – D1/100) (1 – D2/100)
 Single equivalent D as % = (MP – SP)%
SIMPLE INTEREST
 I = P X R X T / 100
 P = 100 X I / R X T
 R = 100 X I / P X T
 T = 100 X I /P X R
 A=P+I
 P=A–I
 I=A–P
 Days to Years = No of days / 365
 Months to Years = No of months / 12

IDENTITIES
 (x + y) (x - y) = x2 – y2
 x2 – y2 = (x + y) (x – y)
 (a + b)2 = a2 + b2 + 2ab
 (a - b)2 = a2 + b2 - 2ab
 (a + 1/a)2 = a2 + 1/ a2 +2
 (a - 1/a)2 = a2 + 1/ a2 - 2
 (a + b + c)2 = a2 + b2 + c2 + 2ab + 2bc + 2ca
 (a + b)3 = a3 + b3 + 3ab (a + b)
 (a + b)3 = a3 - b3 - 3ab (a - b)

LINEAR EQUATIONS
 Consecutive nos = x ,x+1,x+2,x+3 ………
 Consecutive even nos = x,x+2,x+4…… ,
where x is even
 Consecutive odd nos = x,x+2,x+4…… , where
x is odd
 Consecutive multiples of n = x,x+n,x+2n …..,
where n is a non zero number
UNDERSTANDING SHAPES
 Sum of interior angles = (n-2)180
 Sum of exterior angles = 360
 Measure of each interior angle =(n-2)180 /n
 No of sides (n) = (n-2)180 /each angle
 Measure of each exterior angle = 360/n
 Number of sides = 360/each angle
 Each interior angle + its exterior angle = 180
 Sum of interior angles of a quadrilateral = 360
SPECIAL TYPES OF QUADRILATERALS
SQUARE
 AB II DC
 AD II BC
 AB = BC = CD = DA
 ∠A = ∠B = ∠C = ∠D = 90
 AC = BD
 AC is a perpendicular bisector of BD
RHOMBUS
 AB II DC
 AD II BC
 AB = BC = CD = DA
 ∠A = ∠C , ∠B = ∠D
 AC ≠ BD but AO = OC, BO = OD
 AC is a perpendicular bisector of BD
 BD is a perpendicular bisector of AC

RECTANGLE
 AB II DC
 AD II BC
 AB = DC , AD = DC
 ∠A = ∠B = ∠C = ∠D = 90
 AC = BD
 AC is a bisector of BD

PARALLELOGRAM
 AB II DC
 AD II BC
 AB = DC , AD = DC
 ∠A = ∠C , ∠B = ∠D
 AC ≠ BD but AO = OC, BO = OD
 AC is a perpendicular bisector of BD
 AC is a bisector of BD
TRAPIZIUM
 AB II DC
 AD ∦ BC
 ∠A + ∠D = 180
 ∠B + ∠C = 180
ISOSCELES TRAPEZIUM
 AB II DC
 AD = BC
 AC = BD
 ∠A = ∠B , ∠C = ∠D
 ∠A + ∠D = 180
 ∠B + ∠C = 180
 OA = OB , OC = OD
KITE
 AB II DC
 AD II BC
 ∠B = ∠D
 AB = AD , BC = DC
 AC ≠ BD
 AC is a perpendicular bisector of BD
 BO = DO
 ∠AOD = ∠DOC = ∠COB = ∠BOA = 90

AREA OF A TRAPEZIUM AND A POLYGON


TRIANGLE
 Perimeter = a + b + c
 Area = √s(s - a) (s-b) (s-c)
 s = ( a + b + c) / 2
 Area = ½ X b X h
 b = 2A/h
 h = 2A/b
EQUILATERAL TRIANGLE
 Perimeter = 3a
 Area = √3 a2/4
 a2 = 4A / √3
 √3 = 1.73
 Pythagoras Theorem = a + b =c
2 2 2

SQUARE (a = Length)
 Perimeter = 4a units
 a = P/4
 A = a2 units2
 a = √A
 A = Total cost / cost per unit
 d2 = 2a2
 d = √2 l
RECTANGLE
 Perimeter = 2(l + b)
 l = P/2 – b
 b = P/2 – l
 A=lXb
 l = A/b
 b = A/l
 d2 = l2 + b2
 d = √ l2 + b2
 Area of path = Outer area – Inner area
 No of tiles = Area of the surface / Area of tiles
 Cost of tiles = No of tiles X Cost per tile

TRAPEZIUM
 Length of parallel sides = a,b
 Area = ½ X (a + b) X h

RHOMBUS
 Area = ½ X d1 X d2
PARALLELOGRAM
 Area = l X b
CIRCLE
 r = d/2
 Diameter (d) = 2r
 Area = πr2 or πd2/4
 r = √A/π
 Circumference (C) = 2πr or πd
 r = C/2π
 d = C/π
SETS
 n(C) = Cardinal no of set C = 4
 Equal sets = All elements are same
 Equivalent sets – No of elements are same
 A ⊆ (Subset)B , if all elements of A are in B
 B ⊃ (Superset)A , if all elements of A are in B
 A ⊂ (Proper Subset)B , If all elements of A are in B
and there is one element in B that is not in A
 Every set is a subset of itself
 Null set is the subset of every set
 No of subsets = 2n , n = No of elements in a set
 Universal set = Largest superset
 A U B = A union B , all elements in both sets are
under a single set
 A∩B , all common elements of A and B are in 1 set
 A – B,elements common with B ,removed from A
 B – A ,elements common with A ,removed from B
 Compliment of A = A’ = Elements of A that are not
there in the universal set

You might also like