By Nafees Sir

CONTROL AND COORDINATION

COORDINATION

• Two or more organ interact and complete the

function of one another

1) NERVOUS SYSTEM
2) ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

NERVOUS SYSTEM
The nervous system is a complex network of nerve cell
that carry message to and form brain & spinal cord to
various part of body
NERVE CELL (Neuron)
• Structure and functional unit of nervous system
• These cells sense and receives signals from body
to brain

RECEPTOR
 • Specialised structure which present in sense
organ
• Stimulus detected and converted into an impulse
by a receptor

FOR EXAMPLE

1. PHOTORECEPTOR
PRESENT IN EYE FOR VISION
2. OLFACTORY RECEPTOR
PRESENT IN NOSE FOR SMELL
3. GUSTRATORY RECEPTOR
PRESENT IN TONGUE FOR TASTE
4. THERMORECEPTOR
PRESENT IN SKIN FOR DETECT IN TEMPERATURE CHANGE

EFFECTOR
• Impulse is converted into action
• Present in muscles and gland

NERVOUS SYSTEM
Nervous System divided in two part
1 Central nervous system(CNS)
[BRAIN & SPINAL CORD]
2 Peripheral nervous system(PNS)
• Arise from CNS and present everywhere in body

PNS is divided in two types on the basis of originate

(a) CRANIAL NERVES :- Nerve that arise from brain
(b) SPINAL NERVES :- Nerve that arise from spinal
cord
PNS is divided in two types on the basis of function
(a) SOMATIC NERVES

• Transmit impulse from CNS to SKELETAL muscles

• Control all voluntary action
Like :- walking, moving, talking etc.

(b) AUTONOMIC NERVES

• Transmit impulse from CNS to INVOLUNTARY
organs smooth muscles
• Control all involuntary action
Like :- Digestion , Transportation, etc.

Autonomic Nerves divided in two types

1. SYMPATHTIC
• Prepare our body at the time of fight response
2. PARASYMPATHIC NERVE
• These nerves keep us calm and stop over thinking
Two neuron connected with Synapse
• A small gap between two connected
neurons
• As the electrical impulse reached
nerve ending of one neuron a
chemical release & pass through
synapse & reached to dendrites of
next neuron &this procedure remains
continue till reaches the target and
this information is travel by two
types of neuron
1. SENSORY NEURON :- Sensory neuron
carry impulse from sensory organ to CNS.
2. MOTOR NEURON :- Motor neuron carry
impulse from CNS to specific effector

REFLEX ACTION
• When we do something without thinking
about it is called reflex action
• Reflex Actions are very fast & quick action
RECEPTOR-->SENSORY
NEURON→CNS→MOTOR
NEURON→EFFECTOR→ACTION

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

1]. HUMAN BRAIN

2]. SPINAL CORD
HUMAN BRAIN :- Human brain is
protected by skull or cranium

Human brain consist of 3 parts

i)Fore brain ii) Mid brain iii) Hind
brain

FORE BRAIN
a)Cerebrum
* cerebrum is a largest part of brain
* control all voluntary action of our
body
* speech center ,judgment center,
thinking center , emotional center
present in cerebrum.

b)Hypothalamus
* control temperature of body,
hunger, thirst

MID BRAIN
:- Auditory and visual processing
center

HIND BRAIN
:- Control some involuntary action
with the help of mid brain
a)Pons b)Medulla c)cerebellum
 * pons and medulla sleep wakeup
cycle ,breathing center , heart beat

Cerebellum
• Control our body posture and body
balance
• If cerebellum affect by any things
then we cannot walk and stand
properly.

SPINAL CORD
• Spinal cord is protected by
vertebral column
• Spinal cord begins rom bottom of
medulla (part of hind brain) and
ends in the lower back portion.
• Responsible for all reflex action.
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
HORMONES :- Secreted by gland
* Gland is of two types
i)ENDOCRINE GLAND
:-It is Duct less gland
:- Directly secrete their hormones in
blood
ii)EXOCRINE GLAND
:- It has duct to secrete their
hormones

Endocrine Gland
a) Pituitary Gland
(Master gland)
Location :- Brain
 Secrete:- Growth hormone
Function:- regulate body
growth
• If growth hormone release in
excess then body of human
becomes extra large known
gigantism.
• If growth hormone release in trace
amount or in insufficient amount
then body becomes smaller
known as dwarfism.
b) Adrenal Gland (ONE PAIR)
Location :- Top of kidney
Secrets:- Adrenaline
Hormone
Function:- prepare our body
in difficult and emergency
condition .
• These hormones increase alertness
,raising of hair, sweating, heart beat
increase, increase rate of respiration .

Deficiency:- cause alter carbohydrate

metabolism causing weakness and
fatigue called Addison disease.

c) Thyroid Gland
• Have two lobes located on either side of
trachea .
Location :- Neck
Secret :- Thyroxine Hormone
Function :-Balance our growth &
metabolism rate
• Iodine is essential for normal rate
of hormone synthesis .
• If deficiency of iodine in our diet
results in hypothyroidism and
 enlargement of thyroid gland
commonly called goitre.

PARATHYROID GLAND
• LOCATION :- Four parathyroid gland are
present one back side of thyroid gland
• Secretes :- Parathyroid Hormone
• Function:- PTH withS
Thyrocalcitonin regulate
calcium balance in our body
• Deficiency:-Cause lack of calcium in
our body known as hypocalcemia.
• Thyrocalcotonin decrease blood
calcium level through increasing
calcium deposition in bones.
• Parathyroid hormones increase
calcium level in blood by
demineralization of bone and
calcium absorption from digested
 food ,hence called hypercalcemic
hormone .
Pancreas
• Pancreas is a type of composite gland
because it has two parts endocrine part
and exocrine part
LOCATION :- upper abdomen and
between duodenum
Secret:-insulin and glucagon hormone
Function:- maintain glucose and blood sugar
level in our body.
Glucagon:-Hyperglycemic hormone
(increase blood sugar level)
Insulin:-Hypoglycemic hormone
(decrease blood sugar level)
• If Hyperglycemia persist for long time
cause diabetes
• Diabetes patient provide insulin by
doctor.
 OVARY AND TESTES
Apart from releasing sperm and ova it is
also release hormone that’s why called
endocrine gland
• TESTES:- Secrete the hormone called
Testosterone that help in growth and
development of male reproductive organ
also responsible for secondary sexual
character
• OVARIES:- Secret hormone called
Estrogen &Progesterone that help in
growth and development of female
reproductive organ also responsible for
development of secondary sexual
character.

Coordination in plant
• Plant do not have nervous or muscular
PLANT HORMONES
(PHYTOHORMONES)
1 Auxin
• Work only in shaded part
• This hormone is responsible for cell
elongation and finally growth of plant
• Rooting in stem cutting

2 Gibberellin
• Gibberellin also help in cell elongation
• Stem growth flower development
• Delay senescence so fruit can be left on
tree longer to extend market periods

3 cytokinin
• Promotes cell division
• Seed germination
• Fruit and flower development
4 Abscisic acid
• It inhibits plant growth by counter the
growth promotive hormone.
• Maintain seed dormancy
• Responsible for curlting of leaves.

5 Ethylene(gaseous hormone)
• Stimulate the growth and development
of flowers organ
• Help in ripening of fruit.
-------------------------------------------
• Any thing that initiate the behavior or
physical change called stimuli
• Plant response to many types of Stimulus

A)Phototropism
• Plant response to a light by bending
towards it.
B)Geotropism
* Response toward earth gravity
C) Hydrotropism
* response towards water
D) Chemotropism
* response toward Chemical
(pollen tube towards ovule)