MICROCONTROLLERS AND INTERFACING TECHNIQUES

TERM PROJECT
COURSE CODE : 19CCE201 SEMESTER : 3 BRANCH : CCE

TEMPERATURE CONTROLLED DC FAN

Kogoor Sai Hrithik CB.EN.U4CCE20027
Mohan V CB.EN.U4CCE20033
V.Parthiv CB.EN.U4CCE20041
Varun S CB.EN.U4CCE20069

1.Abstract
A Temperature Controlled DC Fan Is a system which automatically turns
on a DC Fan when the ambient temperature increases above a certain limit.
Generally, electronic devices produce more heat. So this heat should be reduced in
order to protect the device.
The aim of this project Is to design a temperature controlled fan using
LPC2148 microcontroller, in which the fan is automatically turned ON or OFF
according to the temperature and also the temperature limit can be changed
anytime using input from UART .
In this circuit, the LM35 temperature sensor is used to get the temperature
sensed. Then, the temperature is displayed on the LCD.
Like this, the microcontroller will continuously monitor the temperature. If
the temperature exceeds more than 35 degree Celsius (upper safe temperature
limit of laptops), the microcontroller will turn on the relay to start the fan.
If the temperature drops below 35 degree Celsius, the microcontroller will
turn off the relay , but the fan speed will slow down gradually which further
reduces the temperature.
2. Introduction

LPC2148 is a single-chip 16 bit or 32 bit ARM7 family based microcontroller

16/32-bit RISC Microcontroller with 512KB on-chip Flash ROM with In-System
Programming (ISP) and Two 10bit ADCs with 14 channels, Two UARTs.
Components used : LM35(Temperature Sensor) , Single Pole Double throw(SPDT)
Relay, 12V DC Fan, Virtual terminal, LM016L (16 X 2 LCD Display), Push Button
The LM35 is an integrated circuit sensor that can be used to
measure temperature with an output voltage that is proportional
to temperature (in °C). When temperature increases, the voltage
across a diode increases at a known rate.
Relay is an electromagnetic switch which allow low power circuits
to switch to a relatively high Voltage.
DC fans are basically cooling fans engineered to
meet requirements such as higher air flows.
A 16x2 LCD display is alphanumeric dot matrix display is capable
of displaying it can display 16 characters per line and there are 2
such lines.
Configuration :
1) Pin 2 is the data pin of LM35 which is connected to the analog input pin
P0.27 i.e. ADC0. Pin 1 to 5V power supply and Pin 3 to Ground.
2) As temperature changes, the output of the ADC is generated. The digital
output of the ADC is given to Microcontroller to control the fan accordingly.
3) The last 4 data pins of the LCD are connected to P0.12 to P0.15 of the
microcontroller. Pin 1 and 3 to Ground and Pin 2 to 5V power supply.
4) A Single Pole Double throw(SPDT) relay is connected to P0.20 pin. The single
pole is connected to 12V DC Source and Normally Open(NO) throw is
connected to 12V DC Fan.
5) The Rx of Virtual terminal is connected to P0.1(TX) pin and TX is connected to
P0.2 (RX) pin.
6) The push button with DC supply is connected to P0.16 pin, which is used to
change the temperature limit based on the input from the UART.
3. Algorithm
1) Configure PINSEL0 pins as GPIO
2) Configure P0.20 as Output which is used as input for RELAY
3) Configure P0.16 as Input for getting input from switch
4) Make ADC and LCD initialisation
5) While (1)
6) Get Temperature value from ADC
7) If P0.16 is high
8) Get input from UART(PC)
9) End
10) Delay of 1 second
11) If previous value is not equal to current value
12) Convert Temperature into Fahrenheit
13) Display temperature in Celsius and Fahrenheit
14) If temperature is greater than temperature limit
15) Set P0.20 so that relay is and fan is on
16) Display “Normal” in LCD
17) Else
18) Clear P0.20 so that relay is and fan is off
19) Display “Overheat” in LCD
20) End
21) End
4.
22) End
Pr
o gr
am code
#include <LPC214X.H>
#include <stdio.h> // for sprintf function
#include <stdlib.h> // for atoi function

#define LCD (0xFFFF00FF)

#define RS (1<<4)
#define RW (1<<5)
#define EN (1<<6)

void ADC_INIT(void); // Initial setup of ADC

int ADC(void); // Returns ADC Value
int UART(void); // UART interface
void LCD_INIT(void); // Initial setup of LCD
void LCD_CMD(char command); // Instruction to LCD
void LCD_STRING (char* msg); // String to LCD
void delay_ms(int count); // 1 milli second delay
int main (void)
{
int ADC_val, prev = 0 , check = 0, temp_f, TEMP_LIMIT = 35 ;
//35 C - laptop upper safe temperature limit
char val[10];

PINSEL0 = 0x00000000;
IODIR0 |= 0X00100000; // P0.20 as output for DC Fan
IODIR0 &= 0XFFFEFFFF; // P0.16 as input from switch

ADC_INIT();
LCD_INIT();
while (1)
{
ADC_val = ADC(); // Returns ADC Value
if ((IOPIN0 & 0x00010000) == 0x00010000) // if P0.16 is high
{
TEMP_LIMIT = UART(); // Returns temperature limit from PC
check = 1; //executes if statement to check again
}
delay_ms(1000); // 1000 milli sec = 1 sec
if (prev != ADC_val || check == 1)
{
temp_f = (ADC_val *9/5)+32 ; // temperature in farenheit
sprintf(val," %dC / %dF",ADC_val,temp_f); // int to string

LCD_CMD(0x01); // Display clear

LCD_STRING(val);
LCD_CMD(0xC0); // New line in display

if (ADC_val >= TEMP_LIMIT)

{
IOSET0 |= 0x00100000; // sets P0.20 for relay
LCD_STRING(" OverHeat");
}
else
{
IOCLR0 |= 0x00100000; // clears P0.16 for relay
LCD_STRING(" Normal");
}
prev = ADC_val;
}
check = 0;
}
}
void ADC_INIT(void)
{
PINSEL1 &= 0xFF7FFFFF; // (PINSEL1<23> = 0)
PINSEL1 |= 0x00400000; // (PINSEL1<22> = 1)
//P0.27 is Configured as ADC Pin AD0.0
PCONP |= (1<<12); // Enable Power/Clock to ADC0
}

int ADC(void)
{
unsigned int ADC_data;
AD0CR = 0x00200700; //CLKDIV=(PCLK)/8, BURST=0, CLKS=11clks/10bits, PDN=1
AD0CR|= 0x01; // A/D Channel 0
AD0CR |= (1<<24); //Activate ADC Module (new conversion )
//Wait for conversion to get over by monitoring 28th bit of A/D register
while(!(AD0GDR & 0x80000000));
//Read 10 bit ADC Data ie RESULT = 10 Bit Data (15:6)
ADC_data = (AD0GDR >> 6)& 0x3FF;
//Deactivate ADC Module ie START = 000 (Bits 26:24) (stop conversion)
AD0CR &= 0xF8FFFFFF;

return ADC_data;
}

int UART(void)
{
unsigned int i=0 ,val;
char data = 0, str[4];
PINSEL0 |= 0x00000005; // Enable RxD0 and TxD0
U0LCR = 0x83; // 8 bits, no parity , 1 stop bits, DLAB = 1
U0DLL = 97; // 9600 Baud Rate @ 15MHZ VPB Clock
U0LCR = 0x03; // DLAB = 0
while(data != 44) // if data received is not comma
{
// Wait until reception is over and UART0 is ready with data
while(!(U0LSR & 0x01));
data = U0RBR; //Receive character
// Wait until UART0 ready to send character
while(!(U0LSR & 0x20));
U0THR = data; //Send character
str[i] = data;
i++;
}
val = atoi(str); //converts string into integer
return val;
}
void LCD_INIT(void)
{
//P0.12 to P0.15 LCD Data. P0.4,5,6 as RS RW and EN
IO0DIR |= 0x0000F070;
delay_ms(20);
LCD_CMD(0x02); // Initialize cursor to home position
LCD_CMD(0x28); // 4 - bit interface, 2 line, 5x8 dots
LCD_CMD(0x06); // Auto increment cursor
LCD_CMD(0x0C); // Display on cursor off
LCD_CMD(0x01); // Display clear
LCD_CMD(0x80); // First line first position
}

void LCD_CMD(char command)

{
IO0PIN = ( (IO0PIN & LCD) | ((command & 0xF0)<<8) ); //Upper nibble
IO0SET = EN; // EN = 1
IO0CLR = (RS|RW); // RS = 0, RW = 0
delay_ms(5); // 5 milli sec
IO0CLR = EN; // EN = 0, RS and RW unchanged(RS = RW = 0)
delay_ms(5);
IO0PIN = ( (IO0PIN & LCD) | ((command & 0x0F)<<12) ); //Lower nibble
IO0SET = EN; // EN = 1
IO0CLR = (RS|RW); // RS = 0, RW = 0
delay_ms(5);
IO0CLR = EN; // EN = 0, RS and RW unchanged(RS = RW = 0)
delay_ms(5);
}

void LCD_STRING (char* msg)

{
unsigned int i=0;
while(msg[i]!=0)
{
IO0PIN = ( (IO0PIN & LCD) | ((msg[i] & 0xF0)<<8) ); //Upper nibble
IO0SET = (RS|EN); // RS = 1, EN = 1
IO0CLR = RW; // RW = 0
delay_ms(2); // 2 milli sec
IO0CLR = EN; // EN = 0, RS and RW unchanged(RS = 1, RW = 0)
delay_ms(5);
IO0PIN = ( (IO0PIN & LCD) | ((msg[i] & 0x0F)<<12) ); //lower nibble
IO0SET = (RS|EN); // RS = 1, EN = 1
IO0CLR = RW; // RW = 0
delay_ms(2);
IO0CLR = EN; // EN = 0, RS and RW unchanged(RS = 1, RW = 0)
delay_ms(5);
i++;
}
}

void delay_ms(int count)

{
int j=0,i=0;
for(j=0;j<count;j++)
{
// At 60Mhz, the below loop introduces delay of 1 milli sec
for(i=0;i<1250;i++);
}
5. Simulation results
Initially, temperature is 34°C , Fan is off. The temperature became 35°C , Fan is on.
The LCD display shows “Normal” The LCD display shows “Overheat”

With temperature unchanged , switch is pressed and “37,” is entered in the virtual
terminal. Now, the LCD display shows “Normal” because the TEMP_LIMIT is 37
now but the current temperature is 35. Relay is off.
With temperature unchanged , switch Is pressed and “32,” is entered in the virtual
terminal. Now, the LCD display shows “Overheat” because the TEMP_LIMIT is 32
now but the current temperature is 34. Relay is on.

The TEMP_LIMIT with 32 as unchanged , temperature changes to 31. Now, the

LCD display shows “Normal” because the TEMP_LIMIT is 32 now but the current
temperature is 31. Relay is off.