BUILDING MATERIAL & CONSTRUCTION-III

Course outline

CHAPTER-6 STEEL CONSTRUCTION

6.1. Introduction
6.2. Steel products
6.3. Steel in Architecture

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 6.1. Introduction
 Steel construction is a widely used method of
building infrastructure, ranging from
skyscrapers, bridges & industrial buildings.

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 Steel is a versatile and durable material,
known for its strength, durability, and
flexibility. It is commonly used in
construction due to its high strength-to-
weight ratio, which allows for lighter and
more efficient designs.

 Steel construction typically involves the

fabrication and assembly of steel structural
components, such as beams, columns, and
trusses, at a manufacturing facility before
they are transported to the construction site
for installation.
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 This method allows for faster construction
and more precise measurements, leading to
cost savings and shorter construction
schedules.

 Steel construction also offers environmental

benefits, as steel is recyclable and can be
reused in future projects.

 Additionally, steel structures have a long

lifespan and require minimal maintenance,
making them a sustainable choice for building
infrastructure. 4
6.2. Steel products for construction
a) Steel rebar's (reinforcing bars)

b) Steel beams and columns

c) Steel plates and sheets

d) Steel pipes and tubes

e) Steel trusses and frames

f) Steel wire mesh

g) Steel fasteners and connectors etc. 5

a)Steel rebar's (reinforcing bars)

 Also known as reinforcing steel,

reinforcement steel or a deformed bar.

 used as a tensioning device in reinforced

concrete and reinforced masonry structures
holding the concrete in compression

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Steel rebar's (reinforcing bars)

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 b)Steel beams and columns
 Steel beams and columns are essential
components used in the construction of
buildings, bridges, and other structures.
These steel elements provide structural
support and stability in a variety of
applications.

 Steel beams are long horizontal pieces of

steel that are typically used to support the
weight of the structure, such as the floors and
roof of a building.
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Steel columns are vertical steel
components that support the beams
and transfer the loads from the beams
to the foundation.

Steel beams and columns are commonly

used in commercial, industrial, and
residential construction projects due to
their strength, durability, and ability to
withstand heavy loads.

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Steel beam and column

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 c) Steel plates and sheets

 Steel plates and sheets are flat pieces of steel

that are commonly used in construction,
manufacturing, and industrial applications.

 They are produced by rolling and shaping

steel into thin, flat pieces of various sizes and
thicknesses.

 These plates and sheets are incredibly strong

and durable, making them ideal for a wide
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range of structural and industrial uses.
 Steel plates are typically used in the
construction of buildings, bridges, and other
structures where strength and durability are
essential

 Steel sheets are often used for roofing and

other construction applications where a flat
surface is needed.

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 Both steel plates and sheets can be painted,
coated, or galvanized to provide additional
protection against corrosion and wear.

 They are available in a variety of sizes,

thicknesses, and finishes to meet the specific
needs of different applications.

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steel plates and sheets

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 d) Steel pipes and tubes
 Steel pipes and tubes are cylindrical products made
of steel that are widely used in various industries for
transporting fluids, gases, or solids. They are
commonly used in construction, oil and gas pipelines,
plumbing systems and structural applications.

 Steel pipes are hollow, cylindrical tubes used for

conveying fluids and gases. They come in a variety of
sizes and thicknesses, depending on the specific
application.
 Carbon steel pipes are the most common type of
steel pipe due to their strength, durability, and
versatility. They can be used for water supply and
drainage systems, as well as in industrial applications
such as oil and gas transmission lines.
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 Steel tubes are solid, cylindrical pieces of
steel that are often used for structural
applications or as components in machinery
and equipment.

 They can be round, square, or rectangular in

shape, and can be welded or seamless.

 Steel tubes are used in construction for

supporting structures, as well as in the
automotive and aerospace industries for
manufacturing components such as chassis,
frames, and exhaust systems.
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Steel pipes and tubes

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 e) Steel Truss and Frames
Steel trusses and frames are structural
components commonly used in
buildings, bridges, and other
infrastructure projects.

 They are designed to provide strength,

stability, and support to the structure,
and can be made from various types of
steel, such as carbon steel or stainless
steel.
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Steel trusses are typically used to
support the roof or the floors of a
building, providing a framework for the
roof covering or the flooring materials.

 They consist of interconnected steel

members arranged in a triangular
pattern, which helps distribute the
weight and load of the structure
evenly.

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 Steel frames, on the other hand, are used as
the main structural framework of a building,
supporting the walls, floors, and roof. They
are usually made up of vertical columns and
horizontal beams, interconnected to form a
rigid and stable structure.

 Overall, steel trusses and frames are essential

components in modern construction, providing
efficient and cost-effective solutions for a wide
range of architectural designs and structural
requirements
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Steel Truss and Frames

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 f) Steel wire mesh
 Steel wire mesh is a versatile and commonly
used material in construction, industrial and
residential applications.

 It is made from high-quality steel wires that

are welded or woven together to form a grid-
like structure.

 Steel wire mesh can be made from various

types of steel, such as carbon steel, stainless
steel, or galvanized steel, depending on the
specific requirements of the project.
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 Steel wire mesh offers a range of benefits and
applications, including:

 Reinforcement: Steel wire mesh is commonly

used as reinforcement in concrete structures,
such as slabs, walls, and foundations.

 It helps improve the tensile strength and

durability of the concrete, reducing cracks
and increasing load-bearing capacity.

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Security: Steel wire mesh is often used
in fencing and security applications to
create a strong and secure barrier.

It can be used in residential,

commercial, and industrial settings to
prevent unauthorized access and
improve safety.

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Filtration: Steel wire mesh can be used
as filters in various industrial processes,
such as water treatment, oil and gas,
and chemical industries.

The mesh size can be customized to

effectively filter out impurities and
contaminants from liquids or gases.

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 Agriculture: Steel wire mesh is used in
agriculture for fencing, animal enclosures, and
protection of crops from pests.
It provides a durable and long-lasting solution
for various farming and gardening applications.

 Decorative: Steel wire mesh can also be used

for decorative purposes, such as in
architectural design, interior decor, and
furniture manufacturing.
It can add a modern and industrial aesthetic to
spaces while providing functionality.

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Overall, steel wire mesh is a versatile
material that offers strength, durability,
and flexibility for a wide range of
applications in various industries.

Its customizable design and high-

quality construction make it a popular
choice for many construction and
industrial projects

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Steel wire mesh

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 g) Steel fasteners and connectors
 It’s essential components used in construction,
manufacturing, and various other industries.

 They are used to join different materials

together securely, providing structural
strength and stability.
 Steel fasteners such as bolts, nuts, screws etc
are commonly used for connecting
components and structures.

 Steel connectors, on the other hand, are used

to join different structural elements such as
beams, trusses, and columns together. 29
 Steel fasteners and connectors come in
various sizes, shapes, and coatings to suit
different applications and environments.

 They are manufactured using high-quality

steel to ensure durability and resistance to
corrosion.
 Proper selection and installation of steel
fasteners and connectors are crucial to
ensure the structural integrity and safety of
the finished product

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Steel fasteners and connectors

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 6.3. Steel in Architecture
• Material property and Types of steel
three types
1. Carbon steel
 Carbon steels are divided in to four categories
depend on the percentage of carbon
 Low carbon : less than 0.3%
 Medium carbon :0.30 % – 0.6%
 High carbon : 0.6 % - 1%
 Ultra-high carbon steels: contain more than
1.0% carbon
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 2. High-strength low-alloy steel
The addition of alloy elements such as
chromium, copper, nickel, phosphorous
This type of steel yields at stresses from
40 -70 KSI
3. Alloy steel
Max. carbon content of 0.2% to limit
the hardness of any coarse – grain
microstructure
The material tempered to obtain yield
strength of 80 -110 KSI
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 Steel foundation

Steel foundation as its name indicates means using

steel on foundation construction as a main
foundation material. 34
 Steel foundation
In the construction of steel foundation the steel
didn't stands alone. There is a concrete footing or pad
which helps to distribute load from the steel structure
to the ground.

Pile caps and ground beams are used to transfer the

load to the ground. Steel bolts are needed to connect
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the steel bar with the concrete in order to transfer the
 Steel foundation
Steel foundation within water
bodies.
They can be used in the
construction in which the
construction is in the middle of
the water or when the
construction includes some
part of a water body.

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 Steel foundation
ADVANTAGES
 Cheap
 Functional
 light in weight when compared
with the others
 Durable if it is stainless steel

DISADVANTAGE

 Can’t resist rust and corrosion

 Exposed to electrical
connections
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 BMC-III, Assignment-2 (15%)
Form a group of 5 members.
Group-1
 Introduction to glass
Basics of glass
Group-2
Uses of Glass in construction
Group-3
Glazing system
Group-4
sustainability's of glass in construction
Over all uses of glass
 Presentation & Submission date: 7/8/2016
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 BMC- III STUDIO PROJECT (25%):
DESIGN OF A RECRETION AREA AROUND
ENGINEERING COLLEGE
prepare a working drawing by using timber
and steel as a construction material

SUBMISSION: 28/8/2016E.C
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