COMPUTER GRAPHICS AND VISUALIZATION LAB PROGRAMS

Program1: Program to recursively subdivide a tetrahedron to form 3D sierpinski gasket.

The number of recursive steps is to be specified by the user.

#include<stdlib.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#include<GL/glut.h>

typedef float point[3];

point v[]={{0.0,0.0,1.0},{0.0,0.942809,-0.33333},{-0.816497,-0.471405,-
0.333333},{0.816497,-0.471405,-0.333333}};
static GLfloat theta[]={0.0,0.0,0.0};
int n;
void triangle(point a,point b,point c)
{
glBegin(GL_POLYGON);
glNormal3fv(a);
glVertex3fv(a);
glVertex3fv(b);
glVertex3fv(c);
glEnd();
}

void divide_triangle(point a,point b,point c,int m)

{
point v1,v2,v3;
int j;
if(m>0)
{
for(j=0;j<3;j++) v1[j]=(a[j]+b[j])/2;
for(j=0;j<3;j++) v2[j]=(a[j]+c[j])/2;
for(j=0;j<3;j++) v3[j]=(b[j]+c[j])/2;
divide_triangle(a,v1,v2,m-1);
divide_triangle(c,v2,v3,m-1);
divide_triangle(b,v3,v1,m-1);
}
else(triangle(a,b,c));
}

void tetrahedron(int m)
{
glColor3f(1.0,0.0,0.0);
divide_triangle(v[0],v[1],v[2],m);
glColor3f(0.0,1.0,0.0);
divide_triangle(v[3],v[2],v[1],m);
glColor3f(0.0,0.0,1.0);
divide_triangle(v[0],v[3],v[1],m);

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 COMPUTER GRAPHICS AND VISUALIZATION LAB PROGRAMS

glColor3f(0.0,0.0,0.0);
divide_triangle(v[0],v[2],v[3],m);
}

void display(void)
{
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT|GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
glLoadIdentity();
tetrahedron(n);
glFlush();
}

void myReshape(int w,int h)

{
glViewport(0,0,w,h);
glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
glLoadIdentity();
if(w<=h)
glOrtho(-2.0,2.0,-2.0*(GLfloat)h/(GLfloat)w,2.0*(GLfloat)h/(GLfloat)w,-
10.0,10.0);
else
glOrtho(2.0*(GLfloat)w/(GLfloat)h,2.0*(GLfloat)w/(GLfloat)h,-2.0,2.0,-10.0,10.0);
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
glutPostRedisplay();
}

void main(int argc,char **argv)

{
printf("no of divisions\n");
scanf("%d",&n);
glutInit(&argc,argv);
glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_SINGLE|GLUT_RGB|GLUT_DEPTH);
glutInitWindowSize(500,500);
glutCreateWindow("3dgasket");
glutReshapeFunc(myReshape);
glutDisplayFunc(display);
glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
glClearColor(1.0,1.0,1.0,1.0);
glutMainLoop();
}

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 COMPUTER GRAPHICS AND VISUALIZATION LAB PROGRAMS

Program 2: Program to implement Liang-Barsky Line Clipping Algorithm.

#include <stdio.h>
#include <GL/glut.h>

double xmin=50,ymin=50, xmax=100,ymax=100; // Window boundaries

double xvmin=200,yvmin=200,xvmax=300,yvmax=300; // Viewport boundaries

int cliptest(double p, double q, double *t1, double *t2)

{
double t=q/p;
if(p < 0.0) // potentially enry point, update te
{
if( t > *t1) *t1=t;
if( t > *t2) return(false); // line portion is outside
}
else
if(p > 0.0) // Potentially leaving point, update tl
{
if( t < *t2) *t2=t;
if( t < *t1) return(false); // line portion is outside
}
else
if(p == 0.0)
{
if( q < 0.0) return(false); // line parallel to edge but outside
}
return(true);
}

void LiangBarskyLineClipAndDraw (double x0, double y0,double x1, double y1)

{
double dx=x1-x0, dy=y1-y0, te=0.0, tl=1.0;
if(cliptest(-dx,x0-xmin,&te,&tl)) // inside test wrt left edge
if(cliptest(dx,xmax-x0,&te,&tl)) // inside test wrt right edge
if(cliptest(-dy,y0-ymin,&te,&tl)) // inside test wrt bottom edge
if(cliptest(dy,ymax-y0,&te,&tl)) // inside test wrt top edge
{
if( tl < 1.0 )
{
x1 = x0 + tl*dx;
y1 = y0 + tl*dy;
}
if( te > 0.0 )
{ x0 = x0 + te*dx;
y0 = y0 + te*dy;

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 COMPUTER GRAPHICS AND VISUALIZATION LAB PROGRAMS

// Window to viewport mappings

double sx=(xvmax-xvmin)/(xmax-xmin); // Scale parameters
double sy=(yvmax-yvmin)/(ymax-ymin);
double vx0=xvmin+(x0-xmin)*sx;
double vy0=yvmin+(y0-ymin)*sy;
double vx1=xvmin+(x1-xmin)*sx;
double vy1=yvmin+(y1-ymin)*sy;
//draw a red colored viewport
glColor3f(1.0, 0.0, 0.0);
glBegin(GL_LINE_LOOP);
glVertex2f(xvmin, yvmin);
glVertex2f(xvmax, yvmin);
glVertex2f(xvmax, yvmax);
glVertex2f(xvmin, yvmax);
glEnd();
glColor3f(0.0,0.0,1.0); // draw blue colored clipped line
glBegin(GL_LINES);
glVertex2d (vx0, vy0);
glVertex2d (vx1, vy1);
glEnd();
}
}// end of line clipping

void display()
{
double x0=60,y0=20,x1=80,y1=120;
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
//draw the line with red color
glColor3f(1.0,0.0,0.0);
//bres(120,20,340,250);
glBegin(GL_LINES);
glVertex2d (x0, y0);
glVertex2d (x1, y1);
glEnd();

//draw a blue colored window

glColor3f(0.0, 0.0, 1.0);

glBegin(GL_LINE_LOOP);
glVertex2f(xmin, ymin);
glVertex2f(xmax, ymin);
glVertex2f(xmax, ymax);
glVertex2f(xmin, ymax);

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 COMPUTER GRAPHICS AND VISUALIZATION LAB PROGRAMS

glEnd();
LiangBarskyLineClipAndDraw(x0,y0,x1,y1);
glFlush();
}
void myinit()
{
glClearColor(1.0,1.0,1.0,1.0);
glColor3f(1.0,0.0,0.0);
glPointSize(1.0);
glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
glLoadIdentity();
gluOrtho2D(0.0,499.0,0.0,499.0);
}
void main(int argc, char** argv)
{
//int x1, x2, y1, y2;
//printf("Enter End points:");
//scanf("%d%d%d%d", &x1,&x2,&y1,&y2);

glutInit(&argc,argv);
glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_SINGLE|GLUT_RGB);
glutInitWindowSize(500,500);
glutInitWindowPosition(0,0);
glutCreateWindow("Liang Barsky Line Clipping Algorithm");
glutDisplayFunc(display);
myinit();
glutMainLoop();
}

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 COMPUTER GRAPHICS AND VISUALIZATION LAB PROGRAMS

Program 3: Program to draw a color cube and spin it using open GL transformation
matrices.

#include<stdlib.h>
#include<GL/glut.h>
GLfloat vertices[]={-1.0,-1.0,-1.0,1.0,-1.0,-1.0,1.0,1.0,-1.0,-1.0,1.0,-1.0,-1.0,-1.0,1.0,1.0,
-1.0,1.0,1.0,1.0,1.0,-1.0,1.0,1.0};

GLfloat normals[]={-1.0,-1.0,-1.0,1.0,-1.0,-1.0,1.0,1.0,-1.0,-1.0,1.0,-1.0,-1.0,-1.0,1.0,1.0,
-1.0,1.0,1.0,1.0,1.0,-1.0,1.0,1.0};

GLfloat colors[]={0.0,0.0,0.0,1.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,1.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,1.0,1.0,0.0,1.0,0.0,1.0,1.0,1.0,
1.0,1.0,0.0,1.0,1.0};

GLubyte CubeIndices[]={0,3,2,1,2,3,7,6,0,4,7,3,1,2,6,5,4,5,6,7,0,1,5,4};

static GLfloat theta[]={0.0,0.0,0.0};

static GLint axis=2;
void display(void)
{
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT|GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
glLoadIdentity();
glRotatef(theta[0],1.0,0.0,0.0);
glRotatef(theta[1],0.0,1.0,0.0);
glRotatef(theta[2],0.0,0.0,1.0);
glDrawElements(GL_QUADS,24,GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE,CubeIndices);
glBegin(GL_LINES);
glVertex3f(0.0,0.0,0.0);
glVertex3f(1.0,1.0,1.0);
glEnd();
glFlush();
glutSwapBuffers();
}

void SpinCube()
{
theta[axis]+=5.0;
if(theta[axis]>360.0)theta[axis]-=360.0;
glutPostRedisplay();
}
void mouse(int btn,int state,int x,int y)
{
if(btn==GLUT_LEFT_BUTTON&&state==GLUT_DOWN)axis=0;
if(btn==GLUT_MIDDLE_BUTTON&&state==GLUT_DOWN)axis=1;
if(btn==GLUT_RIGHT_BUTTON&&state==GLUT_DOWN)axis=2;
}

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 COMPUTER GRAPHICS AND VISUALIZATION LAB PROGRAMS

void myReshape(int w,int h)

{
glViewport(0,0,w,h);
glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
glLoadIdentity();
if(w<=h)
glOrtho(-2.0,2.0,-2.0*(GLfloat)h/(GLfloat)w,2.0*(GLfloat)h/(GLfloat)w,-
10.0,10.0);
else
glOrtho(-2.0*(GLfloat)w/(GLfloat)h,2.0*(GLfloat)w/(GLfloat)h,-2.0,2.0,-10.0,10.0);
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
}

void main(int argc, char **argv)

{
glutInit(&argc,argv);
glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_DOUBLE|GLUT_RGB|GLUT_DEPTH);
glutInitWindowSize(500,500);
glutCreateWindow("spin a colorcube");
glutReshapeFunc(myReshape);
glutDisplayFunc(display);
glutIdleFunc(SpinCube);
glutMouseFunc(mouse);
glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
glEnableClientState(GL_COLOR_ARRAY);
glEnableClientState(GL_NORMAL_ARRAY);
glEnableClientState(GL_VERTEX_ARRAY);
glVertexPointer(3,GL_FLOAT,0,vertices);
glColorPointer(3,GL_FLOAT,0,colors);
glNormalPointer(GL_FLOAT,0,normals);
glColor3f(1.0,1.0,1.0);
glutMainLoop();

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 COMPUTER GRAPHICS AND VISUALIZATION LAB PROGRAMS

Program 4: Program to create a House like figure and rotate it about a given fixed point
using open GL functions.

#include<stdio.h>
#include<math.h>
#include<GL/glut.h>
GLfloat house[3][9]={{100.0,100.0,175.0,250.0,250.0,150.0,150.0,200.0,200.0},{100.0,300.0,
400.0, 300.0,100.0,100.0,150.0,150.0,100.0},{1.0,1.0,1.0,1.0,1.0,1.0,1.0,1.0,1.0}};
GLfloat rot_mat[3][3]={{0},{0},{0}};
GLfloat result[3][9]={{0},{0},{0}};
GLfloat h=100.0;
GLfloat k=100.0;
GLfloat theta;
void multiply()
{
int i,j,l;
for(i=0;i<3;i++)
for(j=0;j<9;j++)
{
result[i][j]=0;
for(l=0;l<3;l++)
result[i][j]=result[i][j]+rot_mat[i][l]*house[l][j];
}
}
void rotate()
{
GLfloat m,n;
m=-h*(cos(theta)-1)+k*(sin(theta));
n=-k*(cos(theta)-1)-h*(sin(theta));
rot_mat[0][0]=cos(theta);
rot_mat[0][1]=-sin(theta);
rot_mat[0][2]=m;
rot_mat[1][0]=sin(theta);
rot_mat[1][1]=cos(theta);
rot_mat[1][2]=n;
rot_mat[2][0]=0;
rot_mat[2][1]=0;
rot_mat[2][2]=1;
multiply();
}
void drawhouse()
{
glColor3f(0.0,0.0,1.0);
glBegin(GL_LINE_LOOP);
glVertex2f(house[0][0],house[1][0]);
glVertex2f(house[0][1],house[1][1]);

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glVertex2f(house[0][3],house[1][3]);
glVertex2f(house[0][4],house[1][4]);
glEnd();
glColor3f(1.0,0.0,0.0);
glBegin(GL_LINE_LOOP);
glVertex2f(house[0][5],house[1][5]);
glVertex2f(house[0][6],house[1][6]);
glVertex2f(house[0][7],house[1][7]);
glVertex2f(house[0][8],house[1][8]);
glEnd();
glColor3f(0.0,0.0,1.0);
glBegin(GL_LINE_LOOP);
glVertex2f(house[0][1],house[1][1]);
glVertex2f(house[0][2],house[1][2]);
glVertex2f(house[0][3],house[1][3]);
glEnd();
}
void drawrotatedhouse()
{

glColor3f(0.0,0.0,1.0);
glBegin(GL_LINE_LOOP);
glVertex2f(result[0][0],result[1][0]);
glVertex2f(result[0][1],result[1][1]);
glVertex2f(result[0][3],result[1][3]);
glVertex2f(result[0][4],result[1][4]);
glEnd();
glColor3f(1.0,0.0,0.0);
glBegin(GL_LINE_LOOP);
glVertex2f(result[0][5],result[1][5]);
glVertex2f(result[0][6],result[1][6]);
glVertex2f(result[0][7],result[1][7]);
glVertex2f(result[0][8],result[1][8]);
glEnd();
glColor3f(0.0,0.0,1.0);
glBegin(GL_LINE_LOOP);
glVertex2f(result[0][1],result[1][1]);
glVertex2f(result[0][2],result[1][2]);
glVertex2f(result[0][3],result[1][3]);
glEnd();
}
void display()
{
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
drawhouse();
rotate();

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 COMPUTER GRAPHICS AND VISUALIZATION LAB PROGRAMS

drawrotatedhouse();
glFlush();
}
void myinit()
{
glClearColor(1.0,1.0,1.0,1.0);
glColor3f(1.0,0.0,0.0);
glPointSize(1.0);
glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
glLoadIdentity();
gluOrtho2D(0.0,499.0,0.0,499.0);
}
void main(int argc,char **argv)
{
printf("Enter the rotation angle\n");
scanf("%f",&theta);
theta=theta*3.142/180.0;
glutInit(&argc,argv);
glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_SINGLE|GLUT_RGB);
glutInitWindowSize(500,500);
glutInitWindowPosition(0,0);
glutCreateWindow("HOUSE ROTATION");
glutDisplayFunc(display);
myinit();
glutMainLoop();
}

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 COMPUTER GRAPHICS AND VISUALIZATION LAB PROGRAMS

Program 5: Program to implement the Cohen-Sutherland line-clipping algorithm. Make

provision to specify the input line, window for clipping and viewport for displaying the
clipped image.

#include<stdio.h>
#include<GL/glut.h>
#define outcode int
double xmin=50,ymin=50,xmax=100,ymax=100;
double xvmin=200,yvmin=200,xvmax=300,yvmax=300;
const int RIGHT=8;
const int LEFT=2;
const int TOP=4;
const int BOTTAM=1;
outcode ComputeOutCode(double x,double y);
void CohenSutherlandLineClipAndDraw(double x0,double y0,double x1,double y1)
{
outcode outcode0,outcode1,outcodeOut;
bool accept=false,done=false;
outcode0=ComputeOutCode(x0,y0);
outcode1=ComputeOutCode(x1,y1);
do{
if(!(outcode0|outcode1))
{
accept=true;
done=true;
}
else if(outcode0&outcode1)
done=true;
else
{
double x,y;
outcodeOut=outcode0?outcode0:outcode1;
if(outcodeOut&TOP)
{
x=x0+(x1-x0)*(ymax-y0)/(y1-y0);
y=ymax;
}
else if(outcodeOut&BOTTAM)
{
x=x0+(x1-x0)*(ymin-y0)/(y1-y0);
y=ymin;
}
else if(outcodeOut&RIGHT)
{
y=y0+(y1-y0)*(xmax-x0)/(x1-x0);
x=xmax;

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}
else
{
y=y0+(y1-y0)*(xmin-x0)/(x1-x0);
x=xmin;
}
if(outcodeOut==outcode0)
{
x0=x;
y0=y;
outcode0=ComputeOutCode(x0,y0);
}
else
{
x1=x;
y1=y;
outcode1=ComputeOutCode(x1,y1);
}
}
} while(!done);
if(accept)
{
double sx=(xvmax-xvmin)/(xmax-xmin);
double sy=(yvmax-yvmin)/(ymax-ymin);
double vx0=xvmin+(x0-xmin)*sx;
double vy0=yvmin+(y0-ymin)*sy;
double vx1=xvmin+(x1-xmin)*sx;
double vy1=yvmin+(y1-ymin)*sy;
glColor3f(1.0,0.0,0.0);
glBegin(GL_LINE_LOOP);
glVertex2f(xvmin,yvmin);
glVertex2f(xvmax,yvmin);
glVertex2f(xvmax,yvmax);
glVertex2f(xvmin,yvmax);
glEnd();
glColor3f(0.0,0.0,1.0);
glBegin(GL_LINES);
glVertex2d(vx0,vy0);
glVertex2d(vx1,vy1);
glEnd();
}
}
outcode ComputeOutCode(double x,double y)
{
outcode code=0;
if(y>ymax)

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code |=TOP;
else if(y<ymin)
code |=BOTTAM;
if(x>xmax)
code |=RIGHT;
else if(x<xmin)
code |=LEFT;
return code;
}

void display()
{
double x0=60,y0=20,x1=80,y1=120;
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
glColor3f(1.0,0.0,0.0);
glBegin(GL_LINES);
glVertex2d(x0,y0);
glVertex2d(x1,y1);
glEnd();
glColor3f(0.0,0.0,1.0);
glBegin(GL_LINE_LOOP);
glVertex2f(xmin,ymin);
glVertex2f(xmax,ymin);
glVertex2f(xmax,ymax);
glVertex2f(xmin,ymax);
glEnd();
CohenSutherlandLineClipAndDraw(x0,y0,x1,y1);
glFlush();
}

void myinit()
{
glClearColor(1.0,1.0,1.0,1.0);
glColor3f(1.0,0.0,0.0);
glPointSize(1.0);
glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
glLoadIdentity();
gluOrtho2D(0.0,499.0,0.0,499.0);
}

void main(int argc,char **argv)

{
glutInit(&argc,argv);
glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_SINGLE|GLUT_RGB);
glutInitWindowSize(500,500);
glutInitWindowPosition(0,0);

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glutCreateWindow("cohensuderland line clipping algorithm");

glutDisplayFunc(display);
myinit();
glutMainLoop();
}

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 COMPUTER GRAPHICS AND VISUALIZATION LAB PROGRAMS

Program 6: program to create a cylinder and a parallel piped by extruding a circle and
quadrilateral respectively. Allow the user to specify the circle and quadrilateral.

#include <GL/glut.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <stdio.h>

void draw_pixel(GLint cx, GLint cy)

{
glColor3f(1.0,0.0,0.0);
glBegin(GL_POINTS);
glVertex2i(cx,cy);
glEnd();
}

void plotpixels(GLint h, GLint k, GLint x, GLint y)

{
draw_pixel(x+h,y+k);
draw_pixel(-x+h,y+k);
draw_pixel(x+h,-y+k);
draw_pixel(-x+h,-y+k);
draw_pixel(y+h,x+k);
draw_pixel(-y+h,x+k);
draw_pixel(y+h,-x+k);
draw_pixel(-y+h,-x+k);
}
void Circle_draw(GLint h, GLint k, GLint r) // Midpoint Circle Drawing Algorithm
{
GLint d = 1-r, x=0, y=r;
while(y > x)
{
plotpixels(h,k,x,y);
if(d < 0) d+=2*x+3;
else
{d+=2*(x-y)+5;
--y;
}
++x;
}
plotpixels(h,k,x,y);
}

void Cylinder_draw()
{
GLint xc=100, yc=100, r=50;
GLint i,n=50;

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for(i=0;i<n;i+=3)
{
Circle_draw(xc,yc+i,r);
}
}
void parallelepiped(int x1, int x2,int y1, int y2, int y3, int y4)
{

glColor3f(0.0, 0.0, 1.0);

glPointSize(2.0);
glBegin(GL_LINE_LOOP);
glVertex2i(x1,y1);
glVertex2i(x2,y3);
glVertex2i(x2,y4);
glVertex2i(x1,y2);
glEnd();
}

void parallelepiped_draw()
{
int x1=200,x2=300,y1=100,y2=175,y3=100,y4=175;
GLint i,n=40;
for(i=0;i<n;i+=2)
{
parallelepiped(x1+i,x2+i,y1+i,y2+i,y3+i,y4+i);
}

void init(void)
{
glClearColor(1.0,1.0,1.0,0.0); // Set display window color to white
glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION); // Set Projection parameters
gluOrtho2D(0.0,400.0,0.0,300.0);
}
void display(void)
{
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT); // Clear Display Window
glColor3f(1.0,0.0,0.0); // Set circle color to red (R G B)
glPointSize(2.0);
Cylinder_draw(); // Call cylinder
parallelepiped_draw();// call parallelepiped
glFlush(); // Process all OpenGL routines as quickly as possible
}

void main(int argc, char **argv)

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 COMPUTER GRAPHICS AND VISUALIZATION LAB PROGRAMS

{
glutInit(&argc,argv); // Initialize GLUT
glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_SINGLE | GLUT_RGB); // Set Display mode
glutInitWindowPosition(50,50); // Set top left window position
glutInitWindowSize(400,300); // Set Display window width and height
glutCreateWindow("Cylinder and parallelePiped Display by Extruding Circle and
Quadrilaterl "); // Create Display Window
init();
glutDisplayFunc(display); // Send the graphics to Display Window
glutMainLoop();
}

[CS&E Dept, B.I.E.T] Page 17

 COMPUTER GRAPHICS AND VISUALIZATION LAB PROGRAMS

Program 7: program, using opengl functions, to draw a simple shaded scene consisting of
tea pot on a table. Define suitablly the position on the properties of the light source along
with the properties of the surfaces of the solid object in the scene.

#include <GL/glut.h>
void wall (double thickness)
{
//draw thin wall with top = xz-plane, corner at origin
glPushMatrix();
glTranslated (0.5, 0.5 * thickness, 0.5);
glScaled (1.0, thickness, 1.0);
glutSolidCube (1.0);
glPopMatrix();
}

//draw one table leg

void tableLeg (double thick, double len)
{
glPushMatrix();
glTranslated (0, len/2, 0);
glScaled (thick, len, thick);
glutSolidCube (1.0);
glPopMatrix();
}

void table (double topWid, double topThick, double legThick, double legLen)
{
//draw the table - a top and four legs
//draw the top first
glPushMatrix();
glTranslated (0, legLen, 0);
glScaled(topWid, topThick, topWid);
glutSolidCube (1.0);
glPopMatrix();
double dist = 0.95 * topWid/2.0 - legThick/2.0;
glPushMatrix();
glTranslated (dist, 0, dist);
tableLeg (legThick, legLen);
glTranslated (0.0, 0.0, -2 * dist);
tableLeg (legThick, legLen);
glTranslated (-2*dist, 0, 2 *dist);
tableLeg (legThick, legLen);
glTranslated(0, 0, -2*dist);
tableLeg (legThick, legLen);
glPopMatrix();
}

[CS&E Dept, B.I.E.T] Page 18

 COMPUTER GRAPHICS AND VISUALIZATION LAB PROGRAMS

void displaySolid (void)

{
//set properties of the surface material
GLfloat mat_ambient[] = {0.7f, 0.7f, 0.7f, 1.0f}; // gray
GLfloat mat_diffuse[] = {.5f, .5f, .5f, 1.0f};
GLfloat mat_specular[] = {1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f};
GLfloat mat_shininess[] = {50.0f};
glMaterialfv (GL_FRONT, GL_AMBIENT, mat_ambient);
glMaterialfv (GL_FRONT, GL_DIFFUSE, mat_diffuse);
glMaterialfv (GL_FRONT, GL_SPECULAR, mat_specular);
glMaterialfv (GL_FRONT, GL_SHININESS, mat_shininess);

//set the light source properties

GLfloat lightIntensity[] = {0.7f, 0.7f, 0.7f, 1.0f};
GLfloat light_position[] = {2.0f, 6.0f, 3.0f, 0.0f};
glLightfv (GL_LIGHT0, GL_POSITION, light_position);
glLightfv (GL_LIGHT0, GL_DIFFUSE, lightIntensity);

//set the camera

glMatrixMode (GL_PROJECTION);
glLoadIdentity();
double winHt = 1.0; //half-height of window
glOrtho (-winHt * 64/48.0, winHt*64/48.0, -winHt, winHt, 0.1, 100.0);
glMatrixMode (GL_MODELVIEW);
glLoadIdentity();
gluLookAt (2.3, 1.3, 2.0, 0.0, 0.25, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0);

//start drawing
glClear (GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
glPushMatrix();
glTranslated (0.4, 0.4, 0.6);
glRotated (45, 0, 0, 1);
glScaled (0.08, 0.08, 0.08);

glPopMatrix();

glPushMatrix();
glTranslated (0.6, 0.38, 0.5);
glRotated (30, 0, 1, 0);
glutSolidTeapot (0.08);
glPopMatrix ();
glPushMatrix();
glTranslated (0.25, 0.42, 0.35);
//glutSolidSphere (0.1, 15, 15);
glPopMatrix();

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 COMPUTER GRAPHICS AND VISUALIZATION LAB PROGRAMS

glPushMatrix();
glTranslated (0.4, 0, 0.4);
table (0.6, 0.02, 0.02, 0.3);
glPopMatrix();
wall (0.02);
glPushMatrix();
glRotated (90.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
wall (0.02);
glPopMatrix();
glPushMatrix();
glRotated (-90.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0);
wall (0.02);
glPopMatrix();

glFlush();
}

void main (int argc, char ** argv)

{
glutInit (&argc, argv);
glutInitDisplayMode (GLUT_SINGLE|GLUT_RGB|GLUT_DEPTH);
glutInitWindowSize (640, 480);
//glutInitWindowPosition (100, 100);
glutCreateWindow ("simple shaded scene consisting of a tea pot on a table");
glutDisplayFunc (displaySolid);
glEnable (GL_LIGHTING);
glEnable (GL_LIGHT0);
glShadeModel (GL_SMOOTH);
glEnable (GL_DEPTH_TEST);
glEnable (GL_NORMALIZE);
glClearColor (0.1, 0.1, 0.1, 0.0);
glViewport (0, 0, 640, 480);
glutMainLoop();
}

[CS&E Dept, B.I.E.T] Page 20

 COMPUTER GRAPHICS AND VISUALIZATION LAB PROGRAMS

Program 8: program to draw a color cube and allow the the user to move the camera
suitably to experiment with perspective viewing. Use openGL functions.

#include<stdlib.h>
#include<GL/glut.h>
GLfloat vertices[][3]={{-1.0,-1.0,-1.0},{1.0,-1.0,-1.0},{1.0,1.0,-1.0},{-1.0,1.0,-1.0},{-1.0,-
1.0,1.0},{1.0,-1.0,1.0},{1.0,1.0,1.0},{-1.0,1.0,1.0}};

GLfloat normals[][3]={{-1.0,-1.0,-1.0},{1.0,-1.0,-1.0},{1.0,1.0,-1.0},{-1.0,1.0,-1.0},{-1.0,-
1.0,1.0},{1.0,-1.0,1.0},{1.0,1.0,1.0},{-1.0,1.0,1.0}};

Glfloat colors[][3]={{0.0,0.0,0.0},{1.0,0.0,0.0},{1.0,1.0,0.0},{0.0,1.0,0.0},{0.0,0.0,1.0},
{1.0,0.0,1.0} ,{1.0,1.0,1.0},{0.0,1.0,1.0}};

//GLubyte CubeIndices[]={0,3,2,1,2,3,7,6,0,4,7,3,1,2,6,5,4,5,6,7,0,1,5,4};

void polygon(int a,int b,int c,int d)

{
glColor3f(1.0,0.0,0.0);
glBegin(GL_POLYGON);
glColor3fv(colors[a]);
glNormal3fv(normals[a]);
glVertex3fv(vertices[a]);

glColor3fv(colors[b]);
glNormal3fv(normals[b]);
glVertex3fv(vertices[b]);

glColor3fv(colors[c]);
glNormal3fv(normals[c]);
glVertex3fv(vertices[c]);

glColor3fv(colors[d]);
glNormal3fv(normals[d]);
glVertex3fv(vertices[d]);
glEnd();

void colorcube()
{
polygon(0,3,2,1);
polygon(2,3,7,6);
polygon(0,4,7,3);

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 COMPUTER GRAPHICS AND VISUALIZATION LAB PROGRAMS

polygon(1,2,6,5);
polygon(4,5,6,7);
polygon(0,1,5,4);
}
static GLfloat theta[]={0.0,0.0,0.0};
static GLint axis=2;
static GLdouble viewer[]={0.0,0.0,5.0};

void display(void)
{
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT|GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
glLoadIdentity();
gluLookAt(viewer[0],viewer[1],viewer[2],0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,1.0,0.0);
glRotatef(theta[0],1.0,0.0,0.0);
glRotatef(theta[1],0.0,1.0,0.0);
glRotatef(theta[2],0.0,0.0,1.0);
//glDrawElements(GL_QUADS,24,GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE,CubeIndices);
//glBegin(GL_LINES);
//glVertex3f(0.0,0.0,0.0);
//glVertex3f(1.0,1.0,1.0);
colorcube();
//glEnd();
glFlush();
glutSwapBuffers();
}

void mouse(int btn,int state,int x,int y)

{
if(btn==GLUT_LEFT_BUTTON&&state==GLUT_DOWN)axis=0;
if(btn==GLUT_MIDDLE_BUTTON&&state==GLUT_DOWN)axis=1;
if(btn==GLUT_RIGHT_BUTTON&&state==GLUT_DOWN)axis=2;
theta[axis]+=2.0;
if(theta[axis]>360.0)theta[axis]-=360.0;
display();
}

void keys(unsigned char key,int x,int y)

{
if(key=='x') viewer[0]-=1.0;
if(key=='X') viewer[0]+=1.0;
if(key=='y') viewer[1]-=1.0;
if(key=='Y') viewer[1]+=1.0;
if(key=='z') viewer[2]-=1.0;
if(key=='Z') viewer[2]+=1.0;
display();
}

[CS&E Dept, B.I.E.T] Page 22

 COMPUTER GRAPHICS AND VISUALIZATION LAB PROGRAMS

void myReshape(int w,int h)

{
glViewport(0,0,w,h);
glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
glLoadIdentity();
if(w<=h)
glFrustum(-2.0,2.0,-2.0*(GLfloat)h/(GLfloat)w,2.0*(GLfloat)h/(GLfloat)w,2.0,20.0);
else
glFrustum(-2.0,2.0,-2.0*(GLfloat)w/(GLfloat)h,2.0*(GLfloat)w/(GLfloat)h,2.0,20.0);
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
}

void main(int argc,char **argv)

{
glutInit(&argc,argv);
glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_DOUBLE|GLUT_RGB|GLUT_DEPTH);
glutInitWindowSize(500,500);
glutCreateWindow("colorcube viewer");
glutReshapeFunc(myReshape);
glutDisplayFunc(display);
glutMouseFunc(mouse);
glutKeyboardFunc(keys);
glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
glutMainLoop();
}

[CS&E Dept, B.I.E.T] Page 23

 COMPUTER GRAPHICS AND VISUALIZATION LAB PROGRAMS

Program 9: program to fill any given polygon using scan-line area filling algorithm.

#define BLACK 0
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <GL/glut.h>
float x1,x2,x3,x4,y1,y2,y3,y4;
void edgedetect(float x1,float y1,float x2,float y2,int *le,int *re)
{
float mx,x,temp;
int i;
if((y2-y1)<0)
{
temp=y1;y1=y2;y2=temp;
temp=x1;x1=x2;x2=temp;
}
if((y2-y1)!=0)
mx=(x2-x1)/(y2-y1);
else
mx=x2-x1;
x=x1;
for(i=y1;i<=y2;i++)
{
if(x<(float)le[i])
le[i]=(int)x;
if(x>(float)re[i])
re[i]=(int)x;
x+=mx;
}
}
void draw_pixel(int x,int y,int value)
{
glColor3f(1.0,1.0,0.0);
glBegin(GL_POINTS);
glVertex2i(x,y);
glEnd();
}
void scanfill(float x1,float y1,float x2,float y2,float x3,float y3,float x4,float y4)
{
int le[500],re[500];
int i,y;
for(i=0;i<500;i++)
{
le[i]=500;
re[i]=0;
}

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 COMPUTER GRAPHICS AND VISUALIZATION LAB PROGRAMS

edgedetect(x1,y1,x2,y2,le,re);
edgedetect(x2,y2,x3,y3,le,re);
edgedetect(x3,y3,x4,y4,le,re);
edgedetect(x4,y4,x1,y1,le,re);
for(y=0;y<500;y++)
{
if(le[y]<=re[y])
for(i=(int)le[y];i<(int)re[y];i++)
draw_pixel(i,y,BLACK);

}
}
void display()
{
x1=200.0;y1=200.0;x2=100.0;y2=300.0;x3=200.0;y3=400.0;x4=300.0;y4=300.0;
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
glColor3f(0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
glBegin(GL_LINE_LOOP);
glVertex2f(x1,y1);
glVertex2f(x2,y2);
glVertex2f(x3,y3);
glVertex2f(x4,y4);
glEnd();
scanfill(x1,y1,x2,y2,x3,y3,x4,y4);
glFlush();
}
void myinit()
{
glClearColor(1.0,1.0,1.0,1.0);
glColor3f(1.0,0.0,0.0);
glPointSize(1.0);
glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
glLoadIdentity();
gluOrtho2D(0.0,499.0,0.0,499.0);
}
void main(int argc, char** argv)
{
glutInit(&argc,argv);
glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_SINGLE|GLUT_RGB);
glutInitWindowSize(500,500);
glutInitWindowPosition(0,0);
glutCreateWindow("Filling a Polygon using Scan-line Algorithm");
glutDisplayFunc(display);
myinit();
glutMainLoop();
}

[CS&E Dept, B.I.E.T] Page 25

 COMPUTER GRAPHICS AND VISUALIZATION LAB PROGRAMS

Program 10: To diplay a set of values as a rectangular mesh.

#include<stdlib.h>
#include<GL/glut.h>
#define maxx 20
#define maxy 25
#define dx 15
#define dy 10
GLfloat x[maxx]={0.0},y[maxy]={0.0};
GLfloat x0=50,y0=50;
GLint i,j;

void init()
{
glClearColor(1.0,1.0,1.0,1.0);
//glColor3f(1.0,0.0,0.0);
glPointSize(5.0);
glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
glLoadIdentity();
gluOrtho2D(0.0,500.0,0.0,500.0);
glutPostRedisplay();
}

void display(void)
{
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
//glColor3f(0.0,0.0,1.0);
for(i=0;i<maxx;i++)
x[i]=x0+i*dx;
for(j=0;j<maxy;j++)
y[j]=y0+j*dy;
glColor3f(0.0,0.0,1.0);
for(i=0;i<maxx-1;i++)
for(j=0;j<maxy-1;j++)
{
glColor3f(0.0,0.0,1.0);
glBegin(GL_LINE_LOOP);
glVertex2f(x[i],y[j]);
glVertex2f(x[i],y[j+1]);
glVertex2f(x[i+1],y[j+1]);
glVertex2f(x[i+1],y[j]);
glEnd();
glFlush();
}

glFlush();

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 COMPUTER GRAPHICS AND VISUALIZATION LAB PROGRAMS

void main(int argc,char **argv)

{
glutInit(&argc,argv);
glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_SINGLE|GLUT_RGB);
glutInitWindowSize(500,500);
glutInitWindowPosition(0,0);
glutCreateWindow("rectangular mesh");
glutDisplayFunc(display);
init();
glutMainLoop();
}

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 COMPUTER GRAPHICS AND VISUALIZATION LAB PROGRAMS

[CS&E Dept, B.I.E.T] Page 28