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Chapter 7 Physical Reliability Models

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Chapter 7 Physical Reliability Models

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Flexiblepp
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Taibah University

College of Engineering
Industrial Engineering Department

IE-442-Engineering Reliability and


Maintainability

Chapter 7: Physical Reliability Models


Physical Reliability Models

• The previous chapters have focused on the development of reliability models


in which a system or component was considered as a function of time only.

• In many applications, other factors may be equally important.


• For example, electronic component failures may depend on the applied voltage
or on the operating temperature of equipment.

• In general, a more accurate reliability model may be one in which the


inherent characteristic or external operating conditions of the component are
included.

• Covariate models incorporate these additional factors into the failure


distribution
Physical Reliability Models
Physical Reliability Models

Physical Reliability Models attempt to recognize the influence of


environmental, physical, and operational characteristics of the failure
process (i.e. Covariates), on the reliability of a system. So far, we have
considered Time as the only a factor of reliability.

(Parametric) Covariate Models:

• Statistical models developed from samples, and applied over entire


population. Failure is a stochastic event.

• Model the failure process through a failure distribution (Exponential,


Weibull, etc.). However, the parameters of the failure distribution are
functions (generally linear functions) of the covariates:
Physical Reliability Models

A covariate may be a voltage, current, temperature, humidity or other


measure of stress or environment.

f(x): the functional form my determined by the physical process relating


the covariates to the parameter.
Covariate models: Proportional hazard models

Exponential Model

For constant failure model


Covariate models: Proportional hazard models

:
burn-in period the continuous
operation of a device (such as a
computer) as a test for defects or failure
prior to putting it to use
Type: Physical Reliability Models: Static models
Static models
 It is not appropriate to assume that reliability is a function of time only.
 A single stress placed a system during a relatively short time.

• Stress is any load that may produce a failure


• Failure occurs if the stress exceeds the strength of the system
• Reliability is viewed as static and as a function of time.
• Loads may be electrical, thermal, chemical, or mechanical.
• Static models are a result of failures due to instantaneous stress placed on
system.
Static models: random stress and constant strength

If the system strength is a known constant k and the stress is a random


variable.
Static models: random stress and constant strength

If the system strength is a known constant k and the stress is a random


variable.
Static models: constant stress and random strength

If the stress or load is constant s and the strength is a random.


Static models: random stress and random strength

If the stress is random and the strength is random.


Static models
Physical Reliability Models: dynamic models

Dynamic models

 If the load is placed repetitively overtime on the system under certain


conditions.
- Loads occur at regular (or known) intervals of time
(Periodic Loads) – Known but not necessarily equally spaced
– Loads occur at random times (Random Loads)

3 cases:
– Periodic Loads
– Random Loads
– Random Fixed Stress and Strength
Physical Reliability Models: dynamic models
Physics of failure models
Mathematical models developed on the knowledge of the failure mechanisms and the
root causes of failures. A failure is a deterministic event (determined based on stresses,
material properties, etc.) as opposed to a random event as for Covariate models
Steps for developing Physical failure models

1. Identify failure sites and


mechanisms
2. Construct Mathematical models
3. Estimate reliability for a given
operating and environmental
profile and for a given
component characteristics.
4. Determine dominant service life.
5. Redesign to increase service
(design) life
Questions?

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