Solution

GRADE 10 CHEMICAL REACTION & EQUATION, CARBON &ITS COMPOUNDS MOCK PAPER

Class 10 - Science
Section A
1. (a) Zinc oxide
Explanation: Zinc oxide
2. (a) Copper carbonate
Explanation: The green colour that occurs when copper is exposed to air and water is copper carbonate. It forms from the
reaction of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere with copper-catalyzed by water vapour.
3.
(d) All of these
Explanation: All of these
4. (a) thermal decomposition of lead nitrate which produces brown fumes of nitrogen dioxide.
Explanation: thermal decomposition of lead nitrate which produces brown fumes of nitrogen dioxide.
5.
(c) Combustion reaction
Explanation: Chemical reactions in which heat energy released are known as exothermic reactions.
Burning of methane gas in air produces heat energy.
CH4(g)+ 2O2(g) → CO2(g) + 2H2O (l)+ heat
All combustion reactions are exothermic reactions.
6.
(d) X = Mg; Y = MgO; Type of reaction = Combination
Explanation: In this reaction, magnesium and oxygen combine to create magnesium oxide.
2Mg + O2 → 2MgO

7.
(d) C4H8
Explanation: The general formula for this compound is CnH2n, while that of other options is CnH2n+2.

8.
(d) Both H2C = CH - CH = CH2 and HC ≡ CH
Explanation: To add two molecules of Br2, a hydrocarbon should have two double bonds or one triple bond.

9.
(d) Alcohol in the breath causes a chemical change which is registered by the breath analyzer machine.
Explanation: A breath-analyzer is a device for estimating blood alcohol content (BAC). Breath-analyzers do not measure
blood alcohol content or concentration directly. The direct measurement requires the analysis of a blood sample. Instead, they
estimate the BAC indirectly by measuring the amount of alcohol in one's breath. Alcohol in the breath causes a chemical
change. This chemical change is registered by the breath-analyzer machine.
10. (a) II only
[O]

Explanation: CH 3 CH2 OH −−−−−→ CH3 COOH

Oxidation
Conc.H2 SO 4

CH3 CH2 OH + CH3 COOH −−−−−−−→ CH3 COOCH2 CH3

2CH3 COOH + Na 2 CO3 → 2CH3 COONa + CO2 + H2 O

CH3 CH2 CH3 + 5O2 → 3CO2 + 4H2 O

11.
(c) 13 covalent bonds
Explanation: Butane C4H10 has 3 C-C covalent bonds and 10 C-H covalent bonds. Thus, it has 13 covalent bonds.

12.
(d) Dehydrating agent, Esterification

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 Explanation: The reaction in which a carboxylic acid combines with an alcohol to form an ester is called esterification. When
acetic acid reacts with ethyl alcohol, an ester is formed along with water. Esterification is a reversible reaction. Concentrated
sulphuric acid acts as a dehydrating agent and absorbs water from the product mix so that the reaction proceeds in the forward
direction.
H2 S O4

CH3COOH + C2H5OH ↔ CH3COOC2H5 + H2O

Section B
13. i. Combination reaction.
ii. Decomposition reaction
iii. Neutralisation reaction
iv. Redox reaction
v. Electrolysis
14. Reactions in which one compound decomposes in two or more compounds or element are known as Decomposition reaction.
Decomposition reaction is just opposite of combination reaction.
A general decomposition reaction can be represented as follows:
AB → A + B
Examples of decomposition reaction. A few decomposition reaction are discussed as follows :
(i) Potassium chlorate upon strong heating decomposes to form potassium chloride and oxygen.
△
2KClO3 −
→ 2KCl + 3O2

Potassium Potassium
Oxygen
chlorate chloride
(ii) Calcium carbonate (limestone) upon strong heating forms calcium oxide and carbon dioxide.
△
CaCO3 −
→ CaO + CO2

Calcium Calcium oxide

carbonate (lime stone)
15. CuSO4 is the oxidizing agent.
The oxidation state of Cu in CuSO4 is +2. On the reactants side, the oxidation state of Cu changes to 0, as it is in its elemental
form. On the other hand, the oxidation state on Zn changes from 0 to +2. Therefore, Cu has been Reduced and Zn has been
oxidized. Cu has gained electrons and hence, CuSO4 is the Oxidising agent and Zinc is the reducing agent.
16. Those reactions in which oxidation and reduction takes place simultaneously are called redox reactions.
i. PbO is getting reduced and C is getting oxidised.
ii. MnO2 is getting reduced and HCl is getting oxidised.
17. Covalent bonding in CH3Cl: Covalent bonds between carbon and hydrogen are formed by sharing of electrons between the two
atoms. Carbon has a valency of 4 and requires 4 electrons to complete its octet. In CH3Cl, a carbon atom shares an electron each
with three hydrogen atoms and one electron with a chorine atom. A chorine atom requires one electron to complete its octet and a
hydrogen atom requires one electron to complete its duplet, and thus become stable.

18. i. The name of the given compound is Bromoethane.

ii. The name of the given compound is Methanal.
iii. The name of the given compound is Hex-1-yne or hexyne.
19. Group of derivatives of hydrocarbons that have pleasent fruity smell are esters. Which is derived by alcohol and carboxylic acid.
An example of esterification reaction is given below where ethyl ethanoate is formed which is an ester of ethanoic acid and
ethanol.

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 Conc. H2 S O4

C H3 C OOH +C H 2 C H3 OH −−−−−−−−→C H 3 C OOC H2 C H3 + H2O

Ethanoic acid Ethanol Ethyl ethanoate

The process is called esterification.

20. Carbon is found in the atmosphere and the earth's crust.
i. The percentage of carbon in the air is (0.03%) and in earth's crust (0.02%).
ii. In atmosphere, carbon is present in the form of carbon dioxide (CO2) gas and in earth's crust it is available in the form of
minerals.
Section C
21.
In a decomposition reaction, a single substance breaks down into two or more substances while in a combination reaction, two or
more substances react to produce one substance. Therefore, decomposition reactions are called opposite of combination reactions.
Example of decomposition reaction: N H C l(s) → HC l(g) + N H (g)
4 3

Example of combination reaction: HCl (g) + NH3(g) → NH4Cl (s)

22. i. a. White precipitate formed is AgCl (Silver chloride) .
b. It is an insoluble compound.
ii. It is not a redox reaction.
N aC l(aq) + AgN O3 (aq) ⟶ AgC l(s) + N aN O3 (aq)
Sodium chloride Silver nitrate Silver chloride Sodium nitrate

In this reaction, cations Ag+ and Na+ have exchanged their anions NO3 and Cl- and a precipitate of AgCl has been formed. It is an
example of double displacement and precipitation reactions.
23. i. Covalent bonded compounds are usually gases and liquids with low boiling and melting points
ii. Electronic configuration of hydrogen is 1s and to attain the stability i.e., to acquire the electronic configuration of nearest
noble gas helium (1s) hydrogen atoms share their single electron with each other Therefore, hydrogen exist in diatomic and
not monoatomic hydrogen.
24. i. The element is ‘carbon’ and the two allotropes of the element are 'diamond' and 'graphite'.
Diamond (A) has three-dimensional rigid structure and does not have any free electrons. Hence, it is hard and a bad conductor
of electricity.
Graphite (B) forms hexagonal sheet-like structure and one valency (one electron) with graphite is free. Hence, graphite is soft
and a good conductor of electricity.
ii. Compound A is ethanol. When it is heated with concentrated sulphuric acid, we get ethene. So, compound B is ethene. This
can be shown by following equation.
Conc. H2 S O4

C H3 C H2 OH −−−−−−−→ C H2 = C H2 + H2 O

When ethene is heated in the presence of nickel, we get ethene. This can be shown by following equation.
Ni

C H2 = C H2 −→ C2 H6 (Compound C)
When I mole of ethene is burnt, we get 2 moles of carbon dioxide and 3 moles of water; as shown by following equation.
2C2 H6 + 7O2 → 4C O2 + 6H2 O

Section D
25. Combination reactions: A combination reaction is one in which two or more reactants combine to form a single product.
Combination reactions are again of three types.
Types of Combination reactions:
i. Combination reactions between elements.
ii. Combination reactions between compounds.
iii. Combination reactions between elements and compounds.
i. Combination reactions between elements: In these reactions elements were combined to form a product.
Examples : Formation of calcium oxide by the combination elements calcium and oxygen.
2Ca + O2 → 2CaO
Formation of ammonia by the combination of elements nitrogen and hydrogen.
N2 + 3H2 → 2NH3
ii. Combination reactions between compounds: In these reactions compounds were combined to form product.
Example: Reaction of calcium oxide in water to form calcium hydroxide
CaO + H2O → Ca(OH)2

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 iii. Combination reactions between elements and compounds: In these reactions elements and compounds combined to form
product.
Example:Formation of sulphur trioxide by the combination of sulphur dioxide and oxygen.
2SO2 + O2 → 2SO3
26. i. A series of compounds in which the same functional group substitutes for hydrogen in a carbon chain is called homologous
series. Two successive members of a homologous series differ by - CH2 group. For example,CH3OH and CH3CH2OH.
ii. a. Esterification
Conversion of a carboxylic compound to an ester by the treatment with an alcohol is called esterification. For example,

b. Addition reaction
Unsaturated hydrocarbons add hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst such as palladium or nickel to give saturated
hydrocarbons. This reaction is called addition
Example :

Similarly, halogens and hydrogen halides can also be added.

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