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MAthematical Preliminaries and Matrices (Tutorial 1) - 021644

The document provides a list of 20 mathematical problems involving topics like series convergence tests, binomial expansions, determinants, matrices, and eigenvalues. Students are asked to use techniques like induction, Cramer's rule, and matrix operations to solve the problems.

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gerald07bwalya
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36 views

MAthematical Preliminaries and Matrices (Tutorial 1) - 021644

The document provides a list of 20 mathematical problems involving topics like series convergence tests, binomial expansions, determinants, matrices, and eigenvalues. Students are asked to use techniques like induction, Cramer's rule, and matrix operations to solve the problems.

Uploaded by

gerald07bwalya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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COPPERBELT UNIVERSITY

PHYSICS DEPARTMENT
MPH 210 (MATHEMATICAL METHODS FOR PHYSICS)
TUTORIAL SHEET 1: ([email protected])
March 6, 2022

Mathematical Preliminaries
P∞
1. Test n=1 n−p , where p = 0.99, for divergence using the comparison
test.

2. Does this sequence converge or diverge,


(a) an = n
n
(b) an = n+1

3. Is the series ∞ 2
P
n=1 n convergent or divergent?

4. Check for convergence or divergence the series, ∞ 1


P
n=1 2n .

5. Will the series ∞


P
n=1 2n converge or diverge? Also find the partial sum
S4 .

6. Does the series ∞ 5n+3


P
n=1 7n−4 converge or diverge.
P∞ n2
7. Check for convergence or divergence on the series n=1 5n2 +4 .

8. For the following series of functions, check for convergence or diver-


gence.
(a) ∞
P P∞ xn
n=1 fn (x) = xn +1
(x ∈ [0, 1])
P∞ Pn=1
∞ (cos x)n
(b) P n=1 fn (x) = P n=1 n (x ∈ (−π, π)
(c) P∞n=1 nf (x) = ∞
Pn=1
1
xn +1
(x ∈ (0, 1))
∞ ∞ 2 2 n
(d) n=0 fn (x) = n=0 x (1 − x ) (x ∈ [−1, 1])

1
9. The total relativistic energy of a particle of mass m and velocity v is
− 12
v2

E = mc2 1− 2 ,
c

where c is the velocity of light.


Find the binomial expansion for this energy and show that for v  c
the kinetic energy of the particle approaches that of a classical particle.

10. By induction, prove that the sum of integers from 1 through n, here
denoted Sn is given by the formula Sn = n(n+1)
2
.

11. By induction, show that


n
X n
j4 = (2n + 1)(n + 1)(3n2 + 3n − 1)
j=1
30

12. Multiply 3 + 4i by 7 − 3i.

13. Prove that the sum and product of a complex number and its conjugate
complex are both real.

14. Divide 1 + i by 3 + 4i.

15. If a = cos θ + i sin θ, prove that 1 + a + a2 = (1 + 2 cos θ)(cos θ + i sin θ).


√
16. Express in polar form: 1 − 2 + i

17. Solve the following:


R +∞
(a) −∞ 7 (x2 − 1) δ(x)dx
R +∞
(b) −∞ 12δ(x)dx
R +∞
(c) −∞ e3x δ(x − 5)dx
R +∞
(d) −∞ sin(3x)δ(x + 2)dx
R4
(e) −∞ g(x)f (x)δ(x − 3)dx, given that f (x) = 5x + 9x2 and g(x) =
4x3 R− 1
5
(f) −∞ (15x4 + 6x + 7)δ(x − 8)dx

R +∞
18. Solve −∞
e−x δ(x3 − x)dx.
R +∞
19. Solve −∞
xe−2x δ(x3 + 3x2 + 5x + 6)dx.

2
20. Find the solutions to the following
(a) δ11
(b) δ23
(c) δ33
(d) δ23 δ22

21. Simplify the following


(a) δkm δmn
(b) δij δkj δin
(c) pj δjk
(d) Γjmk δnk

22. Show that if j runs from 1 to n, then δjj = n

Determinants and Matrices


2 −3 4
1. Find the determinant 5 1 −6 using the elements of the second
−7 8 −9
row and also using the rule of Sarrus.
log3 512 log4 3
2. Evaluate the determinant .
log3 8 log4 9
3. Evaluate the determinant using elements of the third row for

0 1 2 3
1 0 2 0
A=
2 0 1 3
1 2 1 0

2x − 1 x + 7 x + 4
4. Solve the determinantal equation x 6 2 = 0.
x−1 x+1 3
5. Using Cramer’s rule, solve the following system of equations:

5x − 7y + z =11
6x − 8y − z =15
3x + 2y − 6z =7

3
6. Using Cramer’s rule, solve the following system of equations:
2x − 3y + 4z = − 9
−3x − 4y − 2z = − 12
4x − 2y − 3z = − 3

7. Find the value of λ, for which the following system of equations is


consistent and has non-trivial solution:
(λ − 1)x + (3λ + 1)y + 2λz = 0
(λ − 1)x + (4λ − 2)y + (λ + 3)z = 0
2x + (3λ + 1)y + 3(λ − 1)z = 0

8. Find the value of k for which the following system of equations is con-
sistent:
3x1 − 2x2 + 2x3 = 3
x1 + kx2 − 3x3 = 0
4x1 + x2 + 2x3 = 7

9. Find the values of x, y, z and ‘a0 which satisfy the matrix equation.
   
x + 3 2y + x 0 −7
=
z − 1 4a − 6 3 2a
 
1 2 2
10. If A = 2 1 2 show that A2 − 4A − 5I = 0 where I, 0 are the unit
2 2 1
matrix and the null matrix of order 3 respectively. Use this result to
find A−1 .
 
2 5 3
11. Find the inverse of the matrix 3 1 2.
1 2 1
   
1 1 1 2 5 3
12. If A = 1 2 3, B = 3 1 2, show that (AB)−1 = B −1 A−1 .
1 4 9 1 2 1
13. Reduce the following matrix into an upper triangular form:
 
1 2 3
2 5 7 .
3 1 2

4
 
1 3 3
14. Transform 2 4 10 into a unit matrix.
3 8 4
15. These three 2×2 matrices, which occurred in the early work in quantum
mechanics
 by
 Pauli are encountered
 frequently
 in physics context:
0 1 0 −i 1 0
σ1 = , σ2 = , σ3 =
1 0 i 0 0 −1
Show that the commutator of σ1 and σ2 is equal to 2iσ3 .

16. If A and B are diagonal, show that A and B commute.


 
6 −2 2
17. Find the eigen values of −2
 3 −1.
2 −1 3
18. Find the sum and product of the eigen values of the matrix,
 
2 2 1
A = 1 3 1
1 2 2
.
 
2 −2 2
19. Find the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of 1 1 1 .
1 3 −1
 
6 −2 2
20. Diagonalise the matrix A = −2 3 −1.
2 −1 3

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