R.

Soundararajan, AP/Mech,SKCET DTS -V

DTS – UNIT- V DESIGN OF CLUTCH AND BRAKES 400 rpm is 135 KW and µ = 0.3. Find inside diameter and
PART-A - 2 Marks Questions spring force required to engage the clutch. Springs with
1. What is the function of a clutch? Give examples for axial and spring index 6 and material spring steel with safe shear stress
radial friction clutches 600 MPa are used. Find the wire diameter if 6 springs are
2. Name few commonly used friction materials. used.
3. Clutches are usually designed on the basis of uniform wear. 25. A single plate clutch, effective on both sides, is required to
Why? transmit 22.5 KW at 2400 rpm. Determine the outer and inner
4. Distinguish between dry and wet operation clutches diameter of frictional surfaces if the coefficient of friction is
5. Why a service factor is used for calculating the design 0.2, ratio of diameter is 1.2 and the maximum pressure is not
capacity of a clutch? to exceed 0.1 N/mm2. Determine (i) the face width required
6. In cone clutches semi-cone angle should be greater than 12º. and (ii) the axial spring force necessary to engage the clutch. .
Why? 26. A single plate clutch is used for an engine that develops a
7. What is the axial force required at the engagement and maximum torque of 120 N-m. Assume a factor of safety of
disengagement of cone clutch? 1.5 to account for slippage at full engine torque. The
8. Distinguish between cone and centrifugal clutches? permissible intensity of pressure is 350 KPa and the
9. Compare disc clutches and cone clutches coefficient of friction is 0.35. Calculate the inner and outer
10. Why heat dissipation is necessary in clutches? diameters of the friction lining and the axial force to be
11. What is the function of a brake? And differentiate a brake and exerted by the springs to engage the clutch.
a clutch 27. A dry single plate clutch is to be designed for an automotive
12. Give examples for radial and axial brakes vehicle whose engine is rated to give 100 KW at 2400 rpm
13. What is a self-locking and self-energizing brake? and maximum torque 500 N-m. The outer radius of the
14. Two blocks diametrically opposite to each other are used in a friction plate is 25% more than the inner radius. The intensity
block brake. Why? of pressure between the plate is not to exceed 0.07 N/mm2.
University 2 marks questions The coefficient of friction may be assumed equal to 0.3. The
15. Why in automobiles, braking action when travelling in helical springs required by this clutch to provide axial force
reverse is not effective as when moving forward? necessary to engage the clutch are 8. If each spring has
16. What is the difference between a coupling and a clutch? stiffness equal to 40 N/mm, determine the dimensions of the
17. Classify clutches based on the coupling methods friction plate and initial compression in the springs.
18. What is fade? 28. Find the torque that a two surface, dry disk clutch can
19. Why should the temperature rise be kept within the transmit if the outside and inside lining diameters are 120 mm
permissible range in brakes? and 70 mm, respectively, and the applied axial force is 10
20. What are the desirable properties of friction material to be KW. Assume uniform wear and µ = 0.4. Is the pressure on the
used for clutches? lining acceptable? What lining material would be suitable?
21. If a multidisc clutch has 8 discs in driving shaft and 9 discs in 29. A friction clutch is required to transmit 25 kW at 2000 rpm. It
driven shaft, then how many number of contact surfaces it is to be of single plate disc type with both sides. The pressure
will have? is exerted by means of springs and limited to 70 KN/m2. If the
22. Give the reason for left and right shoes of the internal maximum possible outer diameter of the clutch plate is 300
expansion brakes having different actuating forces. mm, find the required inner diameter of the clutch plate and
23. When do we use multiple disk clutches? the total force exerted by the springs. Assume the wear to be
PART – B – Essay answer questions uniform and coefficient of friction as 0.3.
Problems on single plate clutches Problems on multi plate clutches
24. A plate clutch with maximum diameter 60 mm has maximum 30. A multiple disc wet clutch is to be designed for a machine
lining pressure of 0.35 MPa. The power to be transmitted at tool driven by an electric motor of 12.5 KW running at 1440

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 R.Soundararajan, AP/Mech,SKCET DTS -V

rpm. Space restrictions limit the outside disc diameter to 100 respectively. Semi cone angle 20º. Allowable normal pressure
mm. Determine the appropriate values for disc inside is 14 x 104, µ = 0.25. Find (a) the axial load, (b) power
diameter, total number of discs and clamping force. transmitted if the speed is 700 rpm.
31. A multi-disk clutch consists of five steel plates and four Problems on External single block or shoe brake
bronze plates. The inner and outer diameters of friction disks 37. Calculate the average bearing pressure and the initial and
are 75 mm and 150 mm respectively. The coefficient of average braking powers for the blocks shoe shown in Fig.1.
friction is 0.1 and the intensity of pressure is limited to 0.3 The diameter of the drum is 400 mm and it rotates at 200 rpm.
2
N/mm . Assuming the uniform wear theory, calculate (i) the Coefficient of friction is 0.2 and drum width is 75 mm.
required operating force and (ii) power transmitting capacity
at 750 rpm.
32. A hydraulically operated clutch is to be designed for an
automatically operated lathe. Determine the number of plates
and the operating force required for a clutch which is to
transmit a torsional moment of 35 Nm under normal
operating conditions. The clutch is to be designed to slip
under 300 percent of rated torsional moment to protect the
gears and other parts of the drive. The limits for the diameters
of the friction surface due to space limitations are 100 mm Fig.1
and 62.5 mm. This clutch is to operate in an oily atmosphere. .
33. A plate clutch has 3 discs on the driving shaft and 2 discs on
the driven shaft, providing 4 pairs of contact surfaces. The
outside diameter of the contact surfaces is 240 mm and inside 38. A 360 mm radius brake drum contact a single shoe as shown
diameter 120 mm. Assuming uniform pressure and µ = 0.3, in Fig.2 and resists a torque of 225 Nm at 500 rpm. The
find the total spring load for pressing the plates together to coefficient of friction is 0.3. Determine (i) the normal reaction
transmit 25 KW at 1575 rpm. If there are 6 springs each of on the shoe, (ii) the force to be applied at the lever end for
stiffness 13 KN/m and each of the contact surfaces have worn counter clockwise rotation of the drum if e = 0, (iii) the force
away by 125 mm, find the maximum power that can be to be applied at the lever end for clockwise rotation of the
transmitted. Assuming uniform wear. drum if e = 40 mm, (iv) the force to be applied at the lever
34. Design a multiplate clutch to transmit 15KW at 1500 rpm. end for counter clockwise rotation of the drum if e = 40 mm.
The clutch is fitted with steel and phosphore bronze plates
arranged alternately and run in oil. The maximum torque to
the transmitted is 30% greater than the mean torque. Sketch
the arrangement of plates
Problems on cone clutch
35. A power of 20 KW is to be transmitted through a cone clutch
at 500 rpm. For uniform wear condition, find the main
dimensions of clutch and shaft. Also determine the axial force
required to engage the clutch. Assume coefficient of friction
as 0.25, the maximum normal pressure on the friction surface
is not to exceed 0.08 MPa and take the design stress for the Fig.2
shaft material as 40 MPa. .
36. The following data relate to a cone clutch: Minimum and
maximum surface contact radii are 125 mm and 150 mm

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 R.Soundararajan, AP/Mech,SKCET DTS -V

39. In a single block brake, the diameters of the drum is 250 mm Problems on Internal expanding shoe brakes
and the angle of contact is 90º. The operating force of 700 N
is applied at the end of lever which is at 250 mm from the 42. An automotive type internal-expanding double shoe brake is
centre of the brake block. The coefficient of friction between shown in Fig.4. The face width of the friction lining is 40 mm
the drum and the lining is 0.35. Determine the torque that and the intensity of normal pressure is limited to 1 N/mm2.
may be transmitted. Fulcrum is at 200 mm from the centre of The coefficient of friction is 0.32. The angle θ1 can be
brake block with an offset of 50 mm from the surface of assumed to be zero. Calculate (i) the actuating force P, and
contact. (ii) the torque absorbing capacity of the brake.
40. A rope drum of an elevator having 650 mm diameter is fitted
with a brake drum of 1 m diameter. The brake drum is
provided with four cast iron brake shoes each subtending an
angle of 45º. The mass of the elevator when loaded is 2000
Kg and moves with a speed of 2.5 m/s. The brake has a
sufficient capacity to stop the elevator in 2.75 m. Assuming
the coefficient of friction between the brake drum and shoes
as 0.2, find (i) width of the shoe, if the allowable pressure on
the brake shoe is limited to 0.3 N/mm2 and (ii) heat generated
in stopping the elevator.

Problems on External double block or shoe brake

41. The layout of a double block brake is shown in Fig.3. The

brake is rated at 250 Nm at 650 rpm. The drum diameter is
250 mm. Assuming coefficient of friction to be 0.3 and for
conditions of service a pV nalue of 1000 (kPa) m/s may be
assumed. Determine: (i) spring force ‘S’ required to set the
brake, and (ii) width of shoes. Which shoe will have greater Fig.4
rate of wear and what will be the ratio of rates of wear of the .
two shoes?

43. An internal expanding shoe brake has the following

dimensions: Diameter of the drum = 300 mm, distance
between the fulcrum centres = 80 mm, distance of fulcrum
centres and that of cam axis, both from the drum centre =
100mm, distance of line of action of braking force from the
cam axis = 90 mm, distance between the points where the
cam acts on the two brake shoes = 30 mm. Each shoe
subtends an angle of 90º at the drum centre. If the braking
force is 750 N and the coefficient of friction is 0.3, find the
braking torque on the drum. Assume the reactions between
the brake shoes and the drum passes through the points
bisects the contact angle. Also assume that forces exerted by
Fig.3 the cam ends on the two shoes are equal.
.
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