Chapter 4—QUẢN LÝ HÀNG TỒN KHO

TRUE/FALSE
1. Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is beginning to replace barcode inventory
tracking, however a weakness is that it requires a direct line of sight for RFID tags to
be read. FALSE
2. The economic order quantity model (EOQ) is the optimal independent demand order
quantity that minimizes total annual inventory costs. TRUE
3. One of the assumptions of the economic order quantity model (EOQ) is that purchase
price must remain constant. TRUE
4. The EOQ equation is derived by setting the annual purchase cost equal to the annual
holding cost. FALSE
5. The optimal order quantity for the quantity discount model is always at one of the
price breakpoints. FALSE
6. When demand and lead time are constant, the reorder point (ROP) is less than the
demand during lead time. FALSE
7. When both the demand and lead time of a product are variable, firms must keep a
higher safety stock level compared to variations in just demand, to offer the same
service level. TRUE
8. The statistical reorder point is calculated as the average demand during the delivery
lead time plus the desired safety stock. TRUE
9. The (s, S) continuous review policy is to order the same quantity, Q, when physical
inventory reaches the reorder point. FALSE

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. Independent demand is the:

a. Internal demand for all end-item parts and materials.
b. Demand for a firm’s end products.
c. Forecasted demand for purchased items.
d. Absolute demand for all items.

2. Which of the following would be considered a dependent demand item?

a. Bicycle tires used to assemble a bicycle
b. Televisions
c. Furniture
d. Retail customers

3. Lubricants for production equipment which are not parts of the final products are called:
a. Raw materials
b. Work-in-process
c. Maintenance, repair and operating supplies
d. Finished goods
e. Cycle stock

4. Which one of the following is NOT a reason for firms to carry inventory?
a. To meet variations in product demand
b. To increase production change/setup costs
c. To allow for production scheduling flexibility
 d. To take advantage of quantity discounts
e. To maintain independence of operations

5. Which of the following is a disadvantage of carrying too much inventory?

a. it creates an unnecessary waste of scarce resources.
b. it leads to higher annual inventory ordering costs.
c. it leads to lower average finished goods inventories.
d. it increases the need to purchase items.
e. it reduces the need to conduct cycle counts.

6. If at the end of the year, the cost of revenue = $2,500, total revenue = $12,000 and inventory
value = $2,000, the inventory turnover ratio would be:
a. 0.208
b. 0.375
c. 2.667
d. 0.800
e. 1.250

7. In the ABC Inventory Matrix shown, inventory in area Y suggests:

a. under-stocked A and B items.

b. under-stocked B and C items.
c. overstocked A and B items.
d. over-stocked B and C items.
e. inventory that matches sales.
 8. Classify the following inventory items as either A, B, or C items using the ABC inventory
control system:
Item # Annual Sales Unit Cost

1 130 units $ 4.00

2 400 units 15.30

3 25 units 17.00

4 1320 units 1.25

5 90 units 2.10

a. item 1 (C), item 2 (A), item 3 (C), item 4 (B), item 5 (C)
b. item 1 (B), item 2 (A), item 3 (A), item 4 (C), item 5 (C)
c. item 1 (C), item 2 (B), item 3 (C), item 4 (A), item 5 (C)
d. item 1 (A), item 2 (B), item 3 (C), item 4 (A), item 5 (B)
e. item 1 (B), item 2 (C), item 3 (B), item 4 (C), item 5 (A)

9. Which of the following would refer to the 80/20 rule when applied to the ABC inventory
control system?
a. 80 percent of the items account for 20 percent of the groups.
b. 20 percent of the items account for 80 percent of the tasks.
c. 80 percent of the unit cost accounts for 20 percent of the items.
d. 80 percent of the total annual $ usage is accounted for, by 20 percent of the
items.
e. None of these.

10. Which of the following describes a global RFID challenge?

a. Foreign firms will not use global RFID since the field communication standards
tend to vary from country to country.
b. Globally, the RFID industry does not have its own UHF spectrum allocation.
c. RFID tags are passive in undeveloped countries.
d. RFID can track outbound shipments only.
e. All of the above.

11. The primary purpose of the basic economic order quantity (EOQ) model is to:
a. Calculate the reorder point, so that replenishments take place at the proper time
b. Minimize the sum of purchase cost and holding cost
c. Maximize the customer service level
d. Calculate the optimum safety stock level
e. None of the above
12. Which of the following is TRUE regarding the EOQ figure below?

a. Curve J represents the annual ordering cost, and curve L represents the annual
holding cost.
b. A lot size of G has an annual total cost of about C.
c. At lot size H both holding costs and ordering costs exceed the annual total cost.
d. The EOQ is at lot size G, and curve K is the annual holding cost curve.

13. If an item is ordered using its economic order quantity, the annual carrying cost should be:
a. slightly less than the annual ordering cost.
b. equal to the annual ordering cost.
c. twice the annual purchase price.
d. the square root of the annual ordering cost.
e. none of the above.

14. What inventory factor may be omitted from the basic EOQ derivation because it is a constant?
a. Annual order-processing cost
b. Annual purchase cost of goods
c. Annual capital cost
d. Annual setup costs
e. Annual total costs

15. Which of the following is NOT an assumption of the economic order quantity (EOQ) model?
a. Demand is known, constant, and independent.
b. Lead time is known and constant.
c. Quantity discounts are not possible.
d. Production and use occur simultaneously.
e. The only variable costs are setup cost and holding cost.

16. The cost of a product is $5, and the carrying cost rate is 20%; the cost of processing an order
is $45 and the annual demand is 1000. What is the economic order quantity (EOQ)?
a. 5
b. 20
c. 25
d. 200
e. 300
17. Which one of the following statements regarding the economic order quantity (EOQ) is true?
a. The EOQ model combines several different item orders to the same supplier.
b. If an order quantity is larger than the EOQ, then the annual holding cost will
exceed the annual ordering cost.
c. The EOQ model assumes a variable demand pattern.
d. When the holding cost rate drops, both the annual holding cost and the EOQ
decrease.
e. The EOQ is frequently used to determine the optimum shipping quantity.

18. Use the information below to calculate the number of orders per year when using the EOQ:
Annual demand for an item is 43,000 units
The cost to place an order is $200
The per unit cost of the item is $50.00
The annual holding rate is 35%
Choose the closest answer.
a. 49
b. 81
c. 123
d. 202

19. If your company had an annual purchase cost of items equal to $2,000,000, an annual holding
cost of $150,000 and an annual ordering cost of $50,000 this scenario would reveal that:
a. Your order size was lower than the EOQ
b. Your order lot size was equal to the EOQ
c. Your order lot size was higher than the EOQ
d. Nothing because there is insufficient information to discern where the EOQ would
be.

20. The EOQ model with quantity discounts attempts to determine:

a. the lowest purchasing price.
b. whether to use a fixed-quantity or fixed-period order policy.
c. how many units should be ordered.
d. the shortest lead time to use.
e. the lowest amount of inventory necessary to satisfy a certain service level.

21. When demand and delivery lead time are known and constant, daily demand = 8, purchase
lead time = 5 days, and the purchase price = $20/unit, then the reorder point is:
a. 2
b. 13
c. 32.
d. 40.
e. 56.

22. When demand and delivery lead time are known and constant, the reorder point is the ____.
a. demand during the delivery lead time
b. safety stock
c. demand during lead time + safety stock
d. economic order quantity
 e. average inventory

23. The College Bookstore sells a unique calculator to college students. The demand for this
calculator has a normal distribution with an average daily demand of 20 units and a standard
deviation of 4 units per day. The lead time for this calculator is 9 days. Compute the statistical
reorder point that results in a 95 percent in-stock probability. Choose the closest answer.
a. 20 units
b. 80 units
c. 180 units
d. 200 units
e. 420 units

24. The College Bookstore sells a unique calculator to college students. The demand for this
calculator is constant at 20 units per day. The lead time for this calculator is variable at an
average of 9 days with a standard deviation of 2 days. Compute the statistical reorder point
that results in a 95 percent in-stock probability. Choose the closest answer.
a. 26 units
b. 46 units
c. 182 units
d. 226 units
e. 246 units

CÂU HỎI:
1. Đưa ra 5 giả định về mô hình EOQ
Mô hình EOQ căn bản: Giả thiết của mô hình:
● Nhu cầu biết trước, ổn định
● Thời gian giao hàng biết trước, không thay đổi
● Không giao hàng từng phần với mỗi đơn hàng
● Giá cả không thay đổi khi số lượng đặt hàng thay đổi
● Biết chi phí giữ hàng, không thay đổi
● Chi phí đặt hàng: biết trước, không thay đổi
● Không có stockout, kho luôn có hàng

2. Hệ thống kiểm soát hàng tồn kho ABC?

Hệ thống kiểm soát hàng tồn kho ABC là một kỹ thuật hữu ích để xác định hàng tồn kho nào
nên tính toán thường xuyên hơn, quản lý chặt chẽ hơn và ngược lại. Trục tung của ma trận
hàng tồn kho ABC hiển thị phân loại hàng tồn kho của công ty dựa trên việc sử dụng hàng tồn
kho trong khi trục hoành hiển thị phân loại hàng tồn kho của công ty dựa trên hàng tồn kho
thực tế.

Hệ thống chia các mặt hàng tồn kho vào các nhóm A, B, C theo thứ tự ưu tiên giảm dần:
● Nhóm A: những hãng có khoảng 20% về số lượng nhưng đóng góp tới 80% lợi nhuận
cho DN
● Nhóm B: khoảng 40% đóng góp khoảng 15% cho DN
● Nhóm C: khoảng 40% đóng góp khoảng 5% cho DN
Các mục xuất hiện dọc theo đường chéo của ma trận cho thấy hàng tồn kho khớp với doanh số
bán hàng. Các mặt hàng trong tam giác trên cùng bên trái biểu thị các mặt hàng A và B đang
thiếu hàng, trong khi các mặt hàng trong tam giác bên phải phía dưới biểu thị các mặt hàng B
và C quá tải hoặc hàng tồn kho quá hạn.

BÀI TẬP: làm 2 bài tập trong chương (sinh viên đã làm cá nhân)