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Mode

The document discusses how to calculate the mode of grouped data. It defines the mode as the value that appears most frequently in a data set. It then provides the steps and formula to find the mode of grouped data, using the maximum class frequency, lower class boundary, class size, and frequencies of modal, preceding, and following classes.

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34 views

Mode

The document discusses how to calculate the mode of grouped data. It defines the mode as the value that appears most frequently in a data set. It then provides the steps and formula to find the mode of grouped data, using the maximum class frequency, lower class boundary, class size, and frequencies of modal, preceding, and following classes.

Uploaded by

rhieelaa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Objectives:

At the end of the topic, the student will be able to:


1. Define mode.
2. Solve the mode of grouped data.
What Is the Mode?
The mode is the value that appears most frequently in a data set. A set of data may
have one mode, more than one mode, or no mode at all. Other popular measures of
central tendency include the mean, or the average of a set, and the median, the middle
value in a set.
Understanding the Mode
In statistics, data can be distributed in various ways. The most often cited distribution is
the classic normal (bell-curve) distribution. In this, and some other distributions, the
mean (average) value falls at the mid-point, which is also the peak frequency of
observed values. For such a distribution, the mean, median, and mode are all the same
value. This means that this value is the average value, the middle value, also the mode
—the most frequently occurring value in the data.

Mode is most useful as a measure of central tendency when examining categorical


data, such as models of cars or flavors of soda, for which a mathematical average
median value based on ordering can not be calculated.

Examples of the Mode


For example, in the following list of numbers, 16 is the mode since it appears more
times in the set than any other number:

 3, 3, 6, 9, 16, 16, 16, 27, 27, 37, 48

A set of numbers can have more than one mode (this is known as bimodal if there are
two modes) if there are multiple numbers that occur with equal frequency, and more
times than the others in the set.

 3, 3, 3, 9, 16, 16, 16, 27, 37, 48

In the above example, both the number 3 and the number 16 are modes as they each
occur three times and no other number occurs more often.

If no number in a set of numbers occurs more than once, that set has no mode:

 3, 6, 9, 16, 27, 37, 48

A set of numbers with two modes is bimodal, a set of numbers with three modes
is trimodal, and any set of numbers with more than one mode is multimodal.

Advantages and Disadvantages of the Mode


Advantages:
14 15 17 19 20 25 90 1 15 17 19 20 25 9000 1 11 12 13 13 14 1500 10000

 The mode is easy to understand and calculate.


 The mode is not affected by extreme values.
 The mode is easy to identify in a data set and in a discrete frequency distribution.
 The mode is useful for qualitative data.
 The mode can be computed in an open-ended frequency table.
 The mode can be located graphically.

Disadvantages:

 The mode is not defined when there are no repeats in a data set.
 The mode is not based on all values.
 The mode is unstable when the data consist of a small number of values.
 Sometimes data have one mode, more than one mode, or no mode at all.

 Statistics refers to the collection, analysis, interpretation and presentation of


masses of numerical data. In statistics, the most common measures of central
tendency are the mean, median and mode. Each calculates the location of the
central point using a different method.
 The mode is the number that appears most frequently in a set of data. We can
find the mode by counting the number of times each value occurs in a data set.
In this article, we will discuss how to find the mode of grouped.

 For grouped data:


 Step 1. Find the maximum class frequency.
 Step 2. Find the class corresponding to this frequency. It is called the modal class.
 Step 3. Find the class size.
 Step 4. Calculate mode using the formula.
f m −f
 Mode = xLB +(
mb
¿i
2 f m−f ma−f mb
 Where xLB = the lower class boundary of the modal class.
 i = class size
 fm = frequency of the modal class.
 fma = frequency after the modal class.
 fmb = frequency before the modal class.

For ungrouped data:


 Find the observation which occurs the maximum number of times.

fm
Example:
CLASS INTERVAL CLASS FRQUENCY f
10 -20 5
21 –31 10
32-42 11
43-53 7
54-64 23
65-75 55
76-86 7
87-97 8
98-108 4
Ʃf = 130

The modal class is the class interval with the highest class frequency.
Therefore, the modal class is the class interval 65 – 75 since it has the highest
frequency which is 55.
1. Lower class boundary of the modal class (xLB) = 65 – 0.5 = 64.5
2. Class size(i) = 75 – 65 + 1 = 11
3. Class frequency of the modal class (fm) = 55
4. Class frequency of the class after the modal class (fma) =7
5. Class frequency of the class before the modal class (fmb) = 23

f m −f
 Mode = xLB +(
mb
¿i
2 f m−f ma−f mb
55−23
Mode = 64.5 +( ¿ 11
2 ( 55 )−7−23
= 68.9
Activity. Solve the mode.
Class interval Class frequency
47 – 51 4
52 – 56 3
57 – 61 3
62-66 4
67-71 5
72-76 3
77-81 3
82-86 1
87-91 4

3. Mo = 3Md – 2M

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