MEASURING QUANTITIES:

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MASONRY
CONCRETE HOLLOW BLOCKS (CHB)
Concrete Hollow Blocks popularly known as CHB are
classified as bearing and non- bearing blocks.
Load bearing blocks are those whose thickness ranges
from 15 to 20 centimeters
and are used to carry load aside from its own weight.
Non-Load bearing blocks on the other hand, are blocks
which are intended for walls, partitions, fences or dividers
carrying its own weight whose thickness ranges from 7 to
10 centimeters.
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STANDARD CHB SIZES AND STRENGTH
STRENGTH SIZE
ORDINARY
4″
5″
6″
450 PSI, 500 PSI, 700 PSI, 1000 PSI
4″
5″
6″
8″
CONCRETE HOLLOW BLOCKS (CHB)
Concrete hollow blocks has three whole void cells and two half cells at
both ends having a total of four. These cells vary in sizes as there are
different manufacturers using different molds. Hence it is suggested that
bigger cell of manufactured blocks be adopted to obtain reliable estimate.
The materials required for a concrete hollow block work comprises of
the following items :
1. Number of concrete blocks.
2. Quantity of cement and sand for the hollow core re cell.
3. Cement, sand and gravel filler for the hollow core or cell.
4. Cement and fine sand for plastering.
5. Cement sand and gravel for CHB footing and posts.
6. Reinforcing steel bars and Tie wire.
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CONCRETE HOLLOW BLOCKS (CHB)

Estimating the quantity of concrete hollow block

could be done in either of the following methods :
1. By the Fundamental Method and
2. By the Area Method

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CHB- FUNDAMENTAL METHOD-Example 1:
A concrete hollow block wall partition has a general dimensions of
3.00 meters high by 4.00 meters long. The wall specify the use of
10 x 20 x 40 cm. CHB and plastered on both sides using class “B”
mixture. List the materials required.

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CHB- FUNDAMENTAL METHOD-Example 1:

Solution:
1. Divide the height of the wall by the height of one block.
3.00 𝑚
= 15 𝑙𝑎𝑦𝑒𝑟𝑠
0.20

2. Divide the length of the wall by the length of one block.

4.00 𝑚
= 10 𝑝𝑐𝑠.
0.40

3. Multiply the result of step 1 and step 2

15 𝑥 10 = 150 𝑝𝑖𝑒𝑐𝑒𝑠

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CHB- AREA METHOD-Example 1:

Using Example 1:
Solution:
1.In one square meter, there are 12.5 pieces CHB. Thus multiply the area of the
wall by 12.5
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 3.00 𝑥 4.00
𝐴 = 12 𝑠𝑞. 𝑚.

2. Multiply : 12 sq. m. x 12.5 = 150 pieces

12 𝑥 12.5 = 150 𝑝𝑖𝑒𝑐𝑒𝑠

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CEMENT MORTAR
CEMENT MORTAR
After knowing the number of blocks needed for a particular masonry work, the next step
is to find the partner of masonry block called mortar.
Cement mortar is a mixture of cement, sand and water.It is used as
bonding materials in installing masonry blocks and other various
plastering work.
There are three solutions offered in finding the cement mortar:
1. By the Volume Method
2. By Area Method
3. Per Hundred Block Method

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CEMENT MORTAR
Table 6-1 Quantity of Cement and Sand for Mortar and
Plaster Mixture Per Cubic Meter

Table 6-2 Quantity of Cement and Sand for CHB Mortar per Square Meter Wall

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CEMENT MORTAR
Table 6-3 Quantity of Cement and Sand per 100 Blocks

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CEMENT MORTAR-VOLUME METHOD
Continuing Example 1:
Determine how many bags of cement and sand needed to install the 150 pieces
CHB using class “B” mixture?
Solution:
1. Determine the volume of the mortar in between layers of the blocks assuming
12 mm. ( ½” ) or .012 meters thick.
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 = 𝑇ℎ𝑖𝑐𝑘𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑥 𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑥 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ
𝑉 = 0.012 𝑥 0.10 𝑥 4.0
𝑉 = 0.0048 𝑐𝑢. 𝑚.
2. Take note that 3.00 meters high wall divided by .20 m height of one block is =
15 layers. Thus, multiply :
𝑉 = 15 𝑥 0.0048
𝑉 = 0.072 𝑐𝑢. 𝑚.

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CEMENT MORTAR-VOLUME METHOD
Continuing Example 1:
Solution:
3. Aside from the cement mortar used in between block layers, there are 4 hollow core or cell per bl
filled up with mortar. Find the volume :

𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 = 0.05 𝑥 0.075 𝑥 0.20 𝑥 4 𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑠

𝑉 = 0.003 𝑐𝑢. 𝑚.

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CEMENT MORTAR-VOLUME METHOD
Continuing Example 1:
Solution:
3. Aside from the cement mortar used in between block layers, there are 4 hollow core or cell per bl
filled up with mortar. Find the volume :

𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 = 0.05 𝑥 0.075 𝑥 0.20 𝑥 4 𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑠

𝑉 = 0.003 𝑐𝑢. 𝑚.

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CEMENT MORTAR-VOLUME METHOD
Continuing Example 1:
Solution:
4. Find the total volume of hollow cells for the 150 CHB. Multiply :
𝑉 = 150 𝑥 0.003
𝑉 = 0.45 𝑐𝑢. 𝑚.
5. Add the results of step 2 and step 4 to get the total volume
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 = 0.072 + 0.45
𝑉 = 0.522 𝑐𝑢. 𝑚.

6. Refer to Table 6-1. Using 40 kg. cement class “B” mixture; Multiply :
𝐶𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡: 0.5.22 𝑥 12.0 = 6.26 𝑠𝑎𝑦 7 𝑏𝑎𝑔𝑠
𝑆𝑎𝑛𝑑 = 0.522 𝑥 1.0 = 0.522 𝑐𝑢. 𝑚.

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CEMENT MORTAR-VOLUME METHOD
Using Example 1:
Solution:
1. Find the area of the wall.
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = 3.00 𝑥 4.00
𝐴 = 12 𝑠𝑞. 𝑚.

2. Refer to Table 6-2. Along 10 x 20 x 40 CHB under 40 kg. cement mixture ;

Multiply ;
𝐶𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡: 12 𝑥 0.525 = 6.3 𝑠𝑎𝑦 7 𝑏𝑎𝑔𝑠
𝑆𝑎𝑛𝑑 = 12 𝑥 0.0438 𝑠𝑎𝑦 = 0.52 𝑐𝑢. 𝑚.

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CEMENT MORTAR-per HUNDRED BLOCK METHOD
Using Example 1:
Solution:
1. Find the area of the wall multiply by 12.5
𝐴 = 3.00 𝑥 4.00 = 12 𝑠𝑞. 𝑚.
# 𝑜𝑓 𝐵𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑘𝑠 = 12 𝑥 12.5 = 150 𝑏𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑘𝑠
2. Convert to a unit of 100
150
= 1.5
100
3. Refer to Table 6-3. Under Class “B” mixture for a 10 x 20 x 40 cm CHB, multiply :
𝐶𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡: 1.5 𝑥 4.20 = 6.3 𝑏𝑎𝑔𝑠
𝑆𝑎𝑛𝑑: 1.5 𝑥 0.350 = 0.52 𝑏𝑎𝑔𝑠

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MORTAR FOR PLASTERING
MORTAR FOR PLASTERING
Estimating the cement mortar for plastering can be
done in two different ways :

1. By the Volume Method

2. By the Area Method

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MORTAR FOR PLASTERING
Table 6-4 Quantity Of Cement And Sand For Plastering Per Square Meter

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MORTAR FOR PLASTERING - VOLUME METHOD
Using Example 1:
Find the quantity of cement and fine sand to plaster the 3.00 m. x 4.00
m. wall on two sides.
Solution:
1.Find the are of the wall (two faces)
𝐴 = 3.00 𝑥 4.00 𝑥 2
𝐴 = 24 𝑠𝑞. 𝑚.
2.Assuming that the plaster is 16 mm. (.016) thick, determine the volume
of the plaster.
𝑉 = 0.016 𝑥 24
𝑉 = 0.384 𝑐𝑢. 𝑚.
3.Refer to Table 6-1. Using 40 kg. cement class “B” mixture ;
Multiply : 𝐶𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡: 0.384 𝑥 12.0 = 4.6 𝑏𝑎𝑔𝑠
𝑆𝑎𝑛𝑑: 0.384 𝑥 1.0 = 0.384 𝑐𝑢. 𝑚.

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MORTAR FOR PLASTERING-AREA METHOD
Using Example 1:
Solution:
1. Find the area of the wall (two sides)
𝐴 = 3.00 𝑥 4.00 𝑥 2 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑠
𝐴 = 24 𝑠𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠

2.Refer to Table 6-4. Under 16 mm. thick plaster class “B” mixture ;
Multiply
𝐶𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡: 24 𝑥 0.192 = 4.6 𝑏𝑎𝑔𝑠
𝑆𝑎𝑛𝑑: 14 𝑥 0.016 = 0.384 𝑐𝑢. 𝑚.
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CONCRETE HOLLOW BLOCK FOOTING
Concrete Hollow Block wall is always
supported by a continuous wall
footing of various thickness and
width. The thickness and the width
of the wall footing depends upon
the size of the concrete blocks and
the load it has carry.

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CONCRETE HOLLOW BLOCK FOOTING
Table 6-5 Quantity Of Cement, Sand And Gravel For CHB Footing Per Meter Length

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CHB FOOTING – VOLUME METHOD
Example 2:
Continuing the problem in Example 1, if the wall footing is 15 centimeters
thick and 50 centimeters wide, determine the quantity of cement, sand and
gravel necessary using class “A” concrete.
Solution:
1. Find the total volume of the footing
40 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠 − 0.25 𝑥 11 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑡𝑠 = 37.25 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠
𝑉 = 0.15 𝑥 0.50 𝑥 37.25
𝑉 = 2.79 𝑠𝑎𝑦 2.8 𝑐𝑢. 𝑚.

2. Refer to table 5-1. Using class “A” concrete; Multiply

𝐶𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡: 2.8 𝑥 9.0 = 25. 2 𝑠𝑎𝑦 26 𝑏𝑎𝑔𝑠
𝑆𝑎𝑛𝑑: 2.8 𝑥 0.50 = 1.4 𝑠𝑎𝑦 1.5 𝑐𝑢. 𝑚
𝐺𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙: 2.8 𝑥 1.0 = 2.8 𝑠𝑎𝑦 3.0 𝑐𝑢. 𝑚.

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 CHB FOOTING – LINEAR METER METHOD
Using Example 2:
Solution:
1.Solve for the net length of the CHB wall.
𝑁𝑒𝑡 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ = 40 𝑚 − 0.25 𝑥 11 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑡𝑠
= 37.25 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠

2.Refer to Table 6-5. Along the15 x 50 cm. footing dimension 40 kg . cement

class
“A” mixture;
Multiply :
𝐶𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡: 37.25 𝑥 0.675 = 25.14 𝑠𝑎𝑦 26 𝑏𝑎𝑔𝑠
𝑆𝑎𝑛𝑑: 37.25 𝑥 0.038 = 1.4 𝑠𝑎𝑦 1.5 𝑐𝑢. 𝑚
𝐺𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙: 37.25 𝑥 0.075 = 2.8 𝑠𝑎𝑦 3.0 𝑐𝑢. 𝑚.
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SPECIAL TYPES of CHB
The common and ordinary type of concrete hollow blocks are those with four hollow
core as explained in the previous slides. However, there are other types specially
designed for architectural and structural purposes. One of which is the concrete blocks
with two hollow core or cells.
The purpose of manufacturing these types of block is to create a wider cell to
accommodate concrete and steel reinforcement. The estimating method is similar with
the ordinary blocks using the constant value of 12.5 pieces per square meter and 25
pieces for half block although this half block is usually determined by direct counting.
It will be noticed that the thickness of the block is only used in estimating the
cement mortar for block laying and as filler of the hollow core. It is the side portion
which is being used in estimating the number or quantity more particularly the Area
Method.

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SPECIAL TYPES of CHB
With the introduction of these specials types of hollow blocks, housing projects are being constructed
eliminating the used of reinforced concrete posts because the wall is designed as a continuous
interlocking support of the roof framing. Corner blocks and stretcher blocks are used on corners provided
with reinforcement instead of concrete post. With this method, cost of forms is felt as a big savings.
If cement mortar is solely used in block laying and as filler of the hollow core, cost will be
substantially high because of the higher content of cement in proportion with sand. However, cost could
be reduced materially if the hollow core filler is a mixture of mortar and gravel. Experience proved that
masonry worker could hardly observed the used of concrete as filler because it is more convenient for
them to used only mortar rather than concrete. Hence, estimating cement mortar as filler is a safe
estimate.

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SPECIAL TYPES of CHB

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SPECIAL TYPES of CHB
Table 6-6 QUANTITY OF CEMENT, SAND AND GRAVEL
PER HUNDRED SPECIALS TYPES OF CONCRETE BLOCKS

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DECORATIVE BLOCKS
Decorative blocks are made out from either cement mortar or clay. These type of
construction materials had been widely used for ventilation and decorative
purposes.

Table 6-7 QUANTITY OF DECORATIVE BLOCKS, CEMENT AND SAND PER 100 BLOCKS

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DECORATIVE BLOCKS
DECORATIVE BLOCKS
TABLE 6-8 QUANTITY OF CEMENT SAND AND GRAVEL FOR VARIOUS
TYPES OF BRICKS PER HUNDRED BLOCKS

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ADOBE STONE
Adobe stone is commonly used for fencing materials as substitute to concrete
hollow blocks for economic reasons.
Lately however, the used of the adobe stone was no longer limited to the ordinary
zocalo and fencing work but also extensively used as finishing and decorative
materials for exterior and interior of buildings.

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ADOBE STONE
ADOBE STONE
TABLE 6-9 QUANTITY OF CEMENT AND SAND FOR ADOBE MORTAR
PER SQUARE METER*

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ADOBE STONE
TABLE 6-10 QUANTITY OF ADOBE STONE, CEMENT AND SAND FOR
BUTTRESSES AND FOOTINGS

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