Chemistry Name: ________________________

Final Test Review WS

Semester 2 Class: ________________________
Grade 8
Date: ________________________

Time: 64 minutes

Marks: 64 marks

Comments:

Page 1 of 19
Q1.
This question is about alkenes and polymers.

(a) The general formula for the homologous series of alkenes is CnH2n

Determine the formula of an alkene with 7 carbon atoms.

Formula = ______________________
(1)

(b) Alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons.

Which part of the structure of alkenes makes them unsaturated?

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(1)

(c) Dental polymers can be used to fill holes in teeth.

The table below shows some properties of polymers E, F and G.

Relative Solubility in
Polymer Reactivity Relative cost
hardness water

E Unreactive Low Soluble Low

F Reactive High Insoluble Low

G Unreactive High Insoluble High

Evaluate the use of polymers E, F and G as dental polymers.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(4)

Hydrogels are a type of polymer that can absorb water from a solution and increase in
volume.

Page 2 of 19
 (d) The figure below shows the effect of pH on the maximum volume of solution
absorbed by a sample of hydrogel.

50 cm3 of a solution with a pH of 2.0 was added to the sample of the hydrogel.

Determine the percentage of the solution absorbed by the sample of the hydrogel.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

Percentage absorbed = ____________ %

(2)

(e) Monomer X is used to make a hydrogel polymer.

Complete the equation to show the formation of the polymer from monomer X.

(3)
(Total 11 marks)

Q2.
This question is about monomers and polymers.

(a) Ethene is a monomer.

Complete the sentence using the correct word from the box.

Page 3 of 19
 flammable insoluble unsaturated volatile

Ethene molecules are described as ___________________ because they contain a

carbon–carbon double bond.

(1)

(b) Describe the colour change when ethene reacts with bromine water.

___________________________________________________________________
(2)

(c) Ethene is used to make poly(ethene).

Complete the displayed structure of poly(ethene).

(2)

(d) Plastic bags made from cornstarch polymer can be used instead of bags made from
poly(ethene).

Give two benefits of using cornstarch to produce plastic bags.

1. _________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

2. _________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(2)

(e) Ethene is a monomer used to manufacture two different polymers:

• low density poly(ethene) (LDPE)

• high density poly(ethene) (HDPE).

Suggest how two different polymers can be manufactured using the same monomer.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(1)

The table gives information about four polymers.

Page 4 of 19
 Strength in Stiffness in
Density in Water
Polymer arbitrary arbitrary
g/cm3 absorption %
units units
LDPE 0.92 9.7 200 0.10
HDPE 0.96 28 1379 0.10
Nylon 1.14 85 2827 1.2
PVC 1.42 52 3317 0.06

(f) Select the polymer which should be used to make parachute cord.
Give one reason.

Polymer ____________________________________________________________

Reason ____________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(2)

(g) Select the polymer which should be used to make water pipes.
Give one reason.

Polymer ____________________________________________________________

Reason ____________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(2)
(Total 12 marks)

Q3.
The figure below shows the displayed structures of five organic compounds, A, B, C, D
and E.

A B C

D E

(a) Choose which organic compound, A, B, C, D or E, matches the descriptions.

Page 5 of 19
 You may choose each compound once, more than once or not at all.

Write the letter of the compound that:

(i) is a saturated hydrocarbon

(1)

(ii) comes from a homologous series with the general formula CnH2n
(1)

(iii) has the empirical formula C2H6O

(1)

(iv) reacts with calcium carbonate to produce carbon dioxide

(1)

(v) reacts with compound A to produce compound C.

(1)

(b) Compound B (C2H4) and C8H18 are produced by cracking C14H30

C14H30 3C2H4 + C8H18

(i) Give two conditions for cracking.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________
(2)

(ii) Explain why C8H18 has a lower boiling point than C14H30

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________
(2)

(c) Compound B is a colourless gas.

Give a chemical test and its result to show that compound B is unsaturated.

Test _______________________________________________________________

Result _____________________________________________________________
(2)

(d) Compound B is ethene.

Page 6 of 19
 Complete the equation to show the formation of poly(ethene) from ethene.

(3)
(Total 14 marks)

Q4.
Crude oil is a mixture of a very large number of compounds.

Figure 1 shows a laboratory experiment to separate crude oil.

Figure 1

(a) Complete the sentence.

The name for compounds that contain only hydrogen and

carbon is ___________________________________ .
(1)

(b) Use the correct word from the box to complete each sentence.

condensation decomposition distillation

evaporation reduction

(i) The process of separating crude oil is fractional ______________ .

(1)

(ii) The process taking place at A is ________________________ .

(1)

(iii) The process taking place at B is _______________________ .

(1)

Page 7 of 19
 (c) One of the compounds in crude oil is hexane. The displayed structure of hexane is
shown in Figure 2.

Figure 2

Complete the sentences.

(i) Each line between the atoms in hexane represents a covalent

________________ .
(1)

(ii) Complete the chemical formula for hexane.

CH 6 ______

(1)

(iii) Hexane can be broken down into smaller molecules by a process called

________________ .
(1)

(d) Small molecules, called alkenes, are used to make polymers.

(i) Name the polymer made from butene.

______________________________________________________ .
(1)

(ii) Incinerators are used to burn waste polymers, such as plastic bags.

Tick (✓) one advantage and tick (✓) one disadvantage of burning plastic
bags.

Advantage Disadvantage
Tick (✓) Tick (✓)
Energy is released.
More recycling is needed.
Carbon dioxide is produced.
(2)
(Total 10 marks)

Q5.

Page 8 of 19
This question is about oil reserves.

(a) Diesel is separated from crude oil by fractional distillation.

Describe the steps involved in the fractional distillation of crude oil.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________ (3)

(b) Diesel is a mixture of lots of different alkanes.

What are alkanes?

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(2)

(c) In this question you will be assessed on using good English, organising information
clearly and using specialist terms where appropriate.

Petroleum products, such as petrol, are produced from crude oil.

The graph shows the possible future production of petroleum products from crude oil
and the expected demand for petroleum products.

Page 9 of 19
Canada’s oil sands hold about 20% of the world’s known crude oil reserves.

The oil sands contain between 10 to 15% of crude oil. This crude oil is mainly
bitumen.

In Canada the oil sands are found in the ground underneath a very large area of
forest. The trees are removed. Then large diggers and trucks remove 30 metres
depth of soil and rock to reach the oil sands. The oil sands are quarried. Boiling
water is mixed with the quarried oil sands to separate the bitumen from the sand.
Methane (natural gas) is burned to heat the water.

The mixture can be separated because bitumen floats on water and the sand sinks
to the bottom of the water. The bitumen is cracked and the products are separated
by fractional distillation.

Use the information given and your knowledge and understanding to suggest the
advantages and disadvantages of extracting petroleum products from oil sands.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

Page 10 of 19
 ___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(6)
(Total 11 marks)

Q6.
This question is about organic compounds.

(a) Wine contains ethanol (CH3CH2OH).

(i) Complete the displayed structure of ethanol.

(1)

(ii) Wine left in a glass for several days turns sour.

The sour taste is caused by ethanoic acid.

Complete the sentences.

The ethanoic acid is produced from a reaction between ethanol

and __________________________ .

This type of reaction is __________________________ .

(2)

(b) Propyl ethanoate, a fragrance, can be produced by reacting ethanoic acid with an
alcohol.

Propyl ethanoate is a member of a series of organic compounds. The members of

Page 11 of 19
the series all have the same functional group.

The displayed structure of propyl ethanoate is:

(i) Draw a ring around the functional group for this series on the displayed
structure of propyl ethanoate.
(1)

(ii) Name the series of organic compounds with this functional group.

______________________________________________________________
(1)

(iii) The alcohol used to make propyl ethanoate has the formula CH3CH2CH2OH

Name this alcohol.

______________________________________________________________
(1)
(Total 6 marks)

Page 12 of 19
Mark schemes

Q1.
(a) C7H14
1

(b) contains a double (covalent) bond (between two carbon atoms)

1

(c) Level 2: Some logically linked reasons are given. There may also be a simple
judgement.
3–4

Level 1: Relevant points are made. They are not logically linked.
1–2

No relevant content
0

Indicative content:
• a reactive polymer could react in the mouth
• polymer F not suitable because it is reactive
• but polymers E and G are suitable because they are unreactive

• low hardness polymer would wear away due to repeated use

• polymer E not suitable as low hardness
• but polymers F and G are suitable as high hardness

• water soluble polymers would dissolve in the mouth

• polymer E not suitable as soluble in water
• but polymers F and G are suitable as insoluble in water

• polymer G is more expensive than polymer E and F

• overall polymer G has most suitable properties but it is expensive.

(d) (volume absorbed =) 4 cm3

1

8(%)
allow correct use of an incorrectly determined volume
absorbed
1

(e) C–C and trailing bonds

1

OH and three Hs attached to two Cs

1

brackets and n
1

Page 13 of 19
 an answer of:

scores 3 marks
[11]

Q2.
(a) unsaturated
1

(b) (from) orange

allow yellow
ignore brown
1

(to) colourless
ignore transparent/clear
if no other mark awarded, allow one mark for
bromine water decolourises
1

(c) a single bond between the two carbon atoms

1

two trailing/connecting bonds through brackets

1

(d) (polymers from cornstarch are) biodegradable

allow decay/decompose naturally/broken down
by microbes/decompose quicker
1

less space needed in landfill

allow made from renewable resource/reduction of
plastic in environment
ignore eco friendly/sustainable
1

(e) produced using (one from)

allow different temperature/pressure

• different catalysts
• different reaction conditions
ignore different conditions
1

(f) nylon
1

highest strength

Page 14 of 19
 1

(g) PVC
allow one mark for a sensible reason for an
alternative choice
1

stiff/strong/little water absorption

1
[12]

Q3.
(a) (i) D
1

(ii) B
1

(iii) A
1

(iv) E
1

(v) E
1

(b) (i) high temperature

ignore hot / heat
allow temperature quoted (range 300-900 °C)
1

catalyst or steam
1

(ii) C8H18 smaller molecule

It = C8H18
1

therefore there are weaker intermolecular forces

allow intermolecular bonds
do not accept breaking covalent bonds / bonds

or

weaker intermolecular forces in C8H18 (1)

allow intermolecular bonds

so less energy to break (1)

1

(c) add bromine water

1

turns (from orange / yellow / red / brown) to colourless or decolourises

Page 15 of 19
 do not accept discoloured
ignore clear incorrect test = 0 marks
1

(d)

single C – C bond
1
four carbon-hydrogen bonds in place and two trailing bonds
1
structure in brackets and n at bottom right
1
[14]

Q4.
(a) hydrocarbons or hydrocarbon
1

(b) (i) distillation

1

(ii) evaporation
1

(iii) condensation
1

(c) (i) bond

1

(ii) (C6H)14
1

(iii) cracking
1

(d) (i) poly(butene)

allow with or without brackets
1

(ii) Advantage = energy is released

do not accept more than one tick in the advantage column
1

Disadvantage = carbon dioxide is produced

do not accept more than one tick in the disadvantage
column
1
[10]

Page 16 of 19
Q5.
(a) heat to vaporise (the crude oil)
do not accept cracking / burning
1

vapours condense
1

at different temperatures
allow they have different boiling points
1

(b) (alkanes) are hydrocarbons or are compounds of hydrogen and carbon only
1

alkanes are saturated or have only (carbon-carbon) single bonds

accept have no (carbon-carbon) double bonds
accept general formula is CnH2n+2 for 2 marks
1

(c) Marks awarded for this answer will be determined by the Quality of Written
Communication (QWC) as well as the standard of the scientific response.

0 marks
No relevant content.

Level 1 (1-2 marks)

There is a basic description of at least one advantage or one disadvantage of
extracting petroleum products from oil sands.

Level 2 (3-4 marks)

There is a clear description of an advantage and a disadvantage of extracting
petroleum products from oil sands.

Level 3 (5-6 marks)

There is a detailed description of both advantages and disadvantages of
extracting petroleum products from oil sands.

Examples of the chemistry/environmental/economic/social points made

in the response

Advantages:

• the oil sands are needed because crude oil is running out

• this crude oil is needed because demand is increasing

• the oil sands contain a large amount of crude oil

• the oil sands could improve Canada’s economy

• the oil sands provide employment for a lot of people

• the trees / forest are used for wood products / fuel

Page 17 of 19
 Disadvantages:

• destruction of environment / habitats

• fewer trees / forests to absorb carbon dioxide

• specified pollution, for example, visual, noise, atmospheric (including

dust), water (including river or drinking) with cause, e.g. gases /
particulates from burning diesel

• large amounts of methane (natural gas) are used to provide energy

• energy / fuel needed for cracking and fractional distillation

• burning fuel releases carbon dioxide

• crude oil / natural gas contains locked up carbon

• crude oil is non-renewable

6
[11]

Q6.
(a) (i)

allow other arrangements provided connectivity is correct

allow OH
1

(ii) oxygen
accept O2
allow O
1

oxidation
allow oxidisation / oxidising / oxidised
allow redox
1

(b) (i) ring around

1

(ii) ester(s)
do not allow ether(s)
1

Page 18 of 19
(iii) propanol
propanol accept propan-1-ol
allow propyl alcohol
1
[6]

Page 19 of 19