HAND BOOK

“After this I looked and there before me was a great multitude that no one could count, from every
nation, tribe, people and language, standing before the throne and in front of the Lamb. They were
wearing white robes and were holding palm branches in their hands”. Rev 7:9-10

Published by National Resource Center

New Delhi

For Private Circulation only

1|N a t i o n a l R e s o u r c e C e n t e r Serve-A-Language
© National Resource Center 2008

Acknowledgement
1. We thank Mission Leaders and Church Leaders who encouraged producing this Handbook.
2. Grp. Caption James, Cdr. Thomas Mathew, Dr. Babu Achan, Karstin and others in helping us format and
proof checking.
3. Also we acknowledge various Media groups to providing their data and helping with us to serve the
Churches and Missions.

For further information on additional resources write:

National Resource Center

Ashirwad Trust, Kanganheri Road, Chhawla Village,
Near BSF Camp, Najafgarh, New Delhi 110071
Phone: 91-11-65394940 E-mail: [email protected]

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Table of Content
Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................. 4
Understanding the Languages of India ........................................................................................................................ 6
Language families .......................................................................................................................................... 6
Languages of India by Zone and State ......................................................................................................................... 8
Languages by Population ........................................................................................................................................... 20
Finish The Task - Language list ................................................................................................................................... 32
Distribution of Scheduled Languages and other related Languages ......................................................................... 35
Distribution of Non-Scheduled Languages and other related Languages ................................................................. 36
Distribution of Scheduled and Non-Scheduled Languages by State .......................................................................... 37
Distribution of Languages by States .......................................................................................................................... 38
Hindi Language and other related Languages ........................................................................................................... 43
Distribution of Languages in the States ..................................................................................................................... 45
Number of People groups speak the same language ................................................................................................ 50
Mother tongues of India according to the 1961 census ............................................................................................ 57
Language Profiles – Population above 1,000,000 (Ten Lakhs) .................................................................................. 64
Gospel Resources for India ........................................................................................................................................ 80
Free available Tools and software in 11 Indian languages: ......................................................................... 80
Campus Crusade of India ............................................................................................................................. 81
Data on Scripture availability, translation progress & needs ...................................................................... 82
Beulah Ministries of India............................................................................................................................ 83
The  God’s  Story  project  – India ................................................................................................................... 83
Faith Comes By Hearing® ............................................................................................................................ 84
The Purpose of Bible Translation ................................................................................................................ 85
Sources used in this Handbook.................................................................................................................................. 86
Language Survey Form .............................................................................................................................................. 86

TABLE 1 - LANGUAGE FAMILIES............................................................................................................................................ 7

TABLE 2 - LANGUAGE LIST BY POPULATION .......................................................................................................................... 20
TABLE 3 - A SUMMARY OF THE FTT LANGUAGES .................................................................................................................. 32
TABLE 4 - DETAILS OF NAMES OF THE PEOPLE GROUPS ........................................................................................................... 32
TABLE 5 - SCHEDULED LANGUAGES .................................................................................................................................... 35
TABLE 6 - NON SCHEDULED LANGUAGES ............................................................................................................................. 36
TABLE 7 - LANGUAGES BY STATES ...................................................................................................................................... 38
TABLE 8 – LANGUAGE SPOKEN BY VARIOUS PEOPLE GROUPS. .................................................................................................. 50
TABLE 9 - CENSUS 1961 LANGUAGE FAMILY CATEGORY ........................................................................................................ 57
TABLE 10 - MOTHER TONGUES IN CENSUS OF INDIA 1961 ..................................................................................................... 57

CHART 1 LANGUAGE FAMILIES CHART .................................................................................................................................. 6

GRAPH 2 - LANGUAGE FAMILIES .......................................................................................................................................... 7

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Introduction

We are pleased to present this Serve- A-Language India Hand book with the details of all the languages of
India. This has been produced for the exclusive use of Churches and missions who are serving the people of this
nation. There has been a felt need for compiling the list of Christian resources available in various Indian
languages. Churches and other organizations would like to have Bibles and other bible products, song books ,
literature and other tools in their heart language or the mother tongue . In the absence of a comprehensive
survey , Christian leaders have been finding it difficult to locate such tools in their languages .We hope and
pray that this hand book will address this need to a great extent .
rd
A    National  level  consultation  named  ‘Serve  -A -Language  India’  was  held  in  New  Delhi  from  3 to 4th April 2008.
It attended by several Christian leaders, bible agencies, translators etc. A draft copy of this book was presented at
that conference. We received a number of valuable comments and suggestions from several people which
helped us to modify the content, form and style of this hand book.

This hand book has been designed to give an overall understanding of the languages of India with all their
complexities and diversities. It has been divided into several sub- sections.

First of all, we have listed the languages of India as published in census of India in year 2001. This includes 22
major scheduled languages (official languages) of India and 100 non- scheduled languages. Under the scheduled
languages there are 71 mother tongues or related languages. Under the non- scheduled languages there are 41
‘mother   tongues’   or   related   languages.     Together   they make a total of 234 languages of India, each spoken by
more than 10,000 populations. For example Hindi is the major scheduled language in India spoken by 407
million people; but, this includes 48 other closely related languages which are or so called mother tongues . If
we consider Hindi alone, there are only 257 million people who speak Hindi. It is quite well known that mother
tongue will be the heart language and so it will be the best means for communication, also.

There are other sources for language data bases, which enlist languages spoken by less than 10,000 populations
as   well.     They   are:     ‘the   Ethnologe’,   Anthropological   survey   of   India,   Central   Institute   of   Languages,   other   non  
published data bases etc. . . . One can observe a lot of inconsistencies when different databases are compared.

An attempt has been made to compare all the available databases and compile a comprehensive list for the
purpose of this hand book. Altogether, we have been able to identify 429 languages, each spoken by more than
1000 population. That forms the main data base of this book. There are additional 31 languages spoken by less
than 1000 people. Besides, there are 16 languages for which the population data could not be obtained and
another two for which the data is inconsistent.

The language data become more complex when we look at the 1961 census database which lists 1652 languages.
However, the same data was found to have gross errors and overlaps and hence this list is no more being quoted
as an authentic list. Still we have listed them because of the historical importance.

We have also listed the languages by various linguistic zones as suggested at the SAL India conference. These are
also cultural zones with many common practices although they may speak different languages which are closely
related.

We have provided yet another list of languages by population for all the 429 languages. For example, there are
18 languages with more than 10 million and 44 with more than 1 million populations. This will help us in several
ways to set priorities when we think of any language tools.

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India has 4635 ethno cultural people groups and 585 segments as reported by ASI. However we can see a close
correlation between language and people groups. Therefore most people would like to consider about Ethno
linguistic people groups as more relevant than ethno cultural people groups. We have listed the list of languages
and the number of people groups who speak the same language. We have given the names of the people groups
for cases where more than 10 people groups speak the same language. FTT has listed 310 Unreached and
Unengaged people groups (UUPGs) in India with more than 100,000 populations (www.finishingthetask.com). We
have listed 64 languages spoken by these 310 UUPGs of which 39 do not have any bibles or New Testament.

A simple profile of all the major languages with more than 1 million people are also given with the Language maps
and district wise population, we have, also, the profiles of all other Indian languages which is beyond the scope
of this book.

There may be some corrections needed after the data has been reviewed by various people. If you find any
inconsistencies or errors please bring it to our attention. We shall certainly incorporate the corrections in the next
issue. Your feedback will be highly appreciated.

An attempt has been made to collect the list of all the different resources available in various languages. We
know that this list is far from complete and it is going to be a dynamic list. Please help us to update the data using
the language survey form provided in this book.

May the Lord use this hand book for His glory and the blessings of every tongue in every tribe in India and
beyond?

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Understanding the Languages of India

The languages of India primarily belong to two major linguistic families, Indo-European (whose branch Indo-Aryan
is spoken by about 70% of the population) and Dravidian (spoken by about 22%). Other languages spoken in India
come mainly from the Austro-Asiatic and Tibeto-Burman linguistic families, as well as a few language isolates.

Linguists generally distinguish the terms "language" and "dialects" on the basis of 'mutual comprehension'. The
Indian census uses two specific classifications in its own unique way: (1)'language' and (2) 'mother tongue'. The
'mother tongues' are grouped within each 'language'. Many 'mother tongues' so defined would be considered a
language rather than a dialect by linguistic standards. This is especially so for many 'mother tongues' with tens of
millions of speakers that is officially grouped under the 'language' Hindi.

According to the most recent census of 2001, 29 'languages' have more than a million native speakers, 60 have
more than 100,000 and 122 have more than 10,000 native speakers.

Government of India has given 22 "languages of the 8th Schedule" the status of official language. The number of
languages given this status has increased through the political process. Some languages with a large number of
speakers still do not have this status, the largest of these being Bhili/Bhiladi with some 9.6 million native speakers
(ranked 14th), followed by Santali with 6.5 million speakers (ranked 15th), Gondi with 2.7 million speakers(ranked
18th) and Khandesi with 2.1 million speakers (ranked 22nd). On the other hand, 2 languages with fewer than 2
million native speakers have recently been included in the 8th Schedule for mostly political reasons:
Manipuri/Maithei with 1.5 million speakers (ranked 25th) and Bodo with 1.4 million speakers (ranked 26th). For
cultural/historical reasons, Sanskrit is on the official schedule though only 14 thousand people claim it to be their
language, but many more study it in school as the classical language of India.

Individual mother tongues in India number several hundreds (Ethnologue lists 415). According to Census of India
of 2001, 29 languages are spoken by more than a million native speakers, 122 by more than 10,000.

Language families

The languages of India may be grouped by major language families. The largest of these in terms of speakers is
the Indo-European family, predominantly represented in its Indo-Aryan branch (accounting for some 700 million
speakers), but also including minority languages such as Persian, Portuguese or French, and English as lingua
franca. The second largest is the Dravidian family, accounting for some 200 million speakers. Minor linguistic
families include the Munda and Tibeto-Burman families (with some 9 and 6 million speakers, respectively). There
is also a language isolate, the Nihali language. Related  languages  are  termed  as  “Mother  Tongue”  in   Census  of  
India 2001 data.

The following table describes the 122 languages grouped as their respective families.

Chart 1 Language families chart

Languages of India
234

Scheduled Non Scheduled

Languages Languages
93 141

Main Languages Related Languages Main Languages Related Languages

22 71 100 41

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Table 1 - Language families

Persons who returned the languages as Percentage to total

Language families Number of Languages
their mother tongue population
1. Indo-European
(a) Indo-Aryan 21 790,627,060 76.86
(b) Iranian 2 22,774 0.00
(c) Germanic 1 226,449 0.02
2. Dravidian 17 214,172,874 20.82
3. Austro-Asiatic 14 11,442,029 1.11
4. Tibeto-Burmese 66 10,305,026 1.00
5. Semito-Hamitic 1 51,728 0.01
Total 122 1,026,847,940* 99.82*

Graph 2 - Language families

The names of the 22 Scheduled and 100 Non-Scheduled languages falling in the above five language families are
given below with the Scheduled Languages denoted as (S). Of the 22 Scheduled Languages, 15 fall in the Indo-
Aryan branch of the Indo-European family, 1 in Austro-Asiatic family, 4 in the Dravidian family and 2 in the Tibeto-
Burmese family.
1. INDO-EUROPEAN
(a) INDO-ARYAN: 1. Assamese (S), 2. Bengali(S), 3. Bhili/Bhilodi, 4. Bishnupuriya, 5. Dogri (S) 6. Gujarati(S), 7. Halabi, 8.
Hindi(S), 9. Kashmiri(S), 10. Khandeshi,11. Konkani(S), 12. Lahnda. 13. Maithili(S), 14. Marathi(S) 15. Nepali (S), 16. Oriya (S),
17. Punjabi (S), 18. Sanskrit (S), 19. Shina, 20. Sindhi (S), 21. Urdu (S), (b) IRANIAN : 1. Afghani/Kabuli/Pashto, 2. Persian
(c) GERMANIC : 1. English.

2. DRAVIDIAN : 1. Coorgi/Kodagu, 2. Gondi, 3. Jatapu, 4. Kannada(S), 5. Khond/Kondh, 6. Kisan, 7. Kolami, 8. Konda, 9.Koya,
10. Kui, 11. Kurukh/Oraon, 12. Malayalam(S), 13. Malto, 14. Parji, 15 Tamil(S), 16. Telugu(S), 17.Tulu.

3. AUSTRO-ASIATIC : 1. Bhumij, 2. Gadaba, 3. Ho, 4. Juang, 5. Kharia, 6. Khasi, 7. Koda/Kora, 8. Korku, 9. Korwa, 10. Munda,
11.Mundari, 12. Nicobarese, 13. Santali(S) 14.Savara.

4. TIBETO-BURMESE : 1. Adi, 2. Anal, 3. Angami, 4. Ao, 5. Balti, 6. Bhotia, 7. Bodo (S), 8. Chakesang, 9. Chakru/Chokri, 10.
Chang, 11. Deori, 12. Dimasa, 13. Gangte, 14. Garo,15. Halam, 16. Hmar, 17. Kabui, 18. Karbi/Mikir, 19. Khezha, 20.
Khiemnungan, 21.Kinnauri, 22. Koch, 23. Kom, 24. Konyak, 25. Kuki, 26. Ladakhi, 27. Lahauli, 28. Lakher, 29. Lalung, 30. Lepcha,
31. Liangmei, 32. Limbu, 33.Lotha, 34. Lushai/Mizo, 35. Manipuri(S), 36. Maram, 37. Maring, 38. Miri/Mishing, 39. Mishmi,
40. Mogh, 41. Monpa, 42. Nissi/Dafla, 43. Nocte, 44. Paite, 45. Pawi, 46. Phom, 47. Pochury, 48. Rabha, 49. Rai 50.Rengma, 51.
Sangtam, 52. Sema, 53. Sherpa, 54. Simte, 55. Tamang 56. Tangkhul, 57. Tangsa, 58. Thado, 59. Tibetan, 60. Tripuri, 61.
Vaiphei, 62. Wancho, 63. Yimchungre, 64. Zeliang, 65. Zemi, 66. Zou.

5. SEMITO-HAMITIC: 1. Arabic/Arbi (Source: Census of India 2001)

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Languages of India by Zone and State
We have listed here 429 languages. Though there are 478 languages we found from various sources like Census of
India, Ethnologe and Anthropological Survey of India. We have not received population data for 18 languages and
31 are less than 1000 people. Therefore, we have taken finally 429 languages. These data are presented by Seven
Linguistic Zones. These zones are again divided by State.

1. Central Tribal Belt - Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh

2. East - Orissa, West Bengal
3. Hindi Belt - All over India, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Uttaranchal
4. North East - Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Sikkim, Tripura
5. North West - Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Punjab
6. South - Andaman and Nicobar, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Laccadive, Tamil Nadu
7. West - Goa, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Rajasthan.
No. Language ETH Population Resource Available “A”
NT Portion Bible Film Radio Audio

Zone: North West Zone

Main State: Haryana
1 Haryanvi BGC 7,997,192 A A
2 Bazigar BFR 58,236
3 Gujari GJU 48,747 A
Haryana Total 8,104,175 1 2
Main State: Himachal Pradesh
1 Pahari KFX 2,832,825 A A
2 Kangri XNR 1,122,843 A A
3 Gojri 762,332
4 Mandeali MJL 611,930 A
5 Pahari, Mahasu BFZ 500,000
6 Pawari 425,745
7 Bilaspuri KFS 179,511
8 Kulvi KFX 170,770 A A
9 Chambeali CDH 126,589 A A
10 Gaddi GBK 120,000 A
11 Pahari, Kullu 109,000
12 Bhattiyali BHT 102,252
13 Bhotia BOD 68,800 A A A A
14 Bharmauri 66,246
15 Kinnauri KFK 64,817 A
16 Churahi CDJ 61,199
17 Sirmauri SRX 31,144
18 Tinani LBF 20,138 A
19 Lahauli LBF 20,138 A
20 Pangwali PGG 16,285
21 Pattani LAE 11,000
22 Spiti Bhoti SPT 10,000
23 Kinnauri, Harijan KJO 6,331
24 Kinnauri, Bhoti NES 6,000

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 No. Language ETH Population Resource Available “A”
NT Portion Bible Film Radio Audio
25 Gahri BFU 4,000
26 Stod Bhoti SBU 2,500
27 Shumcho SCU 2,174
28 Jangshung JNA 1,990
29 Kanashi XNS 1,400
30 Kinnauri, Chitkuli CIK 1,060
Himachal Pradesh Total 7,459,019 1 7 1 4 3 1

Main State: Jammu and Kashmir

1 Urdu URD 51,533,954 A A A A A
2 Kashmiri KAS 5,362,349 A A A
3 Dogri DGO 2,282,547 A A
4 Panjabi, Mirpur PMU 1,022,000
5 Purik PRX 132,000 A
6 Ladakhi LBJ 104,502 A A A
7 Siraji 87,179
8 Bhadrawahi BHD 66,918 A
9 Shina SCL 34,251 A
10 Kishtwari 33,429
11 Panjabi, Western PNB 27,386 A A
12 Balti BFT 20,051
13 Zangskari ZAU 11,443
14 Changthang CNA 10,089
15 Brokskat BKK 3,000
Jammu and Kashmir Total 60,731,098 2 4 1 6 4 1
Main State: Punjab
1 Panjabi, Eastern PAN 28,152,794 A A A A A
2 Sansi SSI 60,000
3 Bauria BGE 27,242
4 Seraiki SKR 11,873
Punjab Total 28,251,909 1 1 1 1 1
North West Zone Total 104,546,201 4 11 3 12 10 3

Zone: West Zone

Main State: Goa
1 Konkani, Goanese GOM 2,420,140 A A A A
Goa Total 2,420,140 1 1 1 1
Main State: Gujarat
1 Gujarati GUJ 45,715,654 A A A A A
2 Sindhi SND 1,694,061 A A A A
3 Kachchhi KFR 823,058 A A A
4 Koli, Wadiyara KXP 403,575
5 Rathawi RTW 308,640 A

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 No. Language ETH Population Resource Available “A”
NT Portion Bible Film Radio Audio
6 Gamit GBL 283,697 A A
7 Chodhari CDI 209,363 A A A
8 Dubli DUB 202,000
9 Dhodia DHO 169,290 A
10 Parsi PRP 151,341
11 Dhanki DHN 138,756
12 Kukna KEX 110,602 A A A
13 Dungra Bhil DUH 100,000
14 Mawchi MKE 99,474 A A A
15 Gujrao 43,414
16 Punchhi 19,871
17 Koli, Kachi GJK 12,720
Gujarat Total 50,485,516 2 3 2 6 8 4
Main State: Maharashtra
1 Marathi MAR 71,701,478 A A A A A
2 Deccan DCC 10,709,800 A A
3 Ahirani AHR 1,865,813
4 Varli VAV 475,433 A A
5 Vasavi VAS 417,665 A A A
6 English ENG 226,449 A A A
7 Bareli, Pauri BFB 200,000 A A
8 Kolami, Northwestern KFB 121,855 A
9 Rathi 101,458
10 Noiri NOI 100,000
11 Maria MRR 88,984 A
12 Andh ANR 80,000
13 Multani - Seraiki 56,096
14 Pardhi PCL 49,290
15 Koraku KSZ 27,942
16 Kaikadi KEP 23,694
17 Gowlan GOJ 20,179
18 Khandeshi KHN 17,413 A A
19 Nahali NLX 15,000
20 Bhalay BHX 8,672
21 Katkari KFU 4,951
22 Nihali NLL 2,000
23 Phudagi PHD 1,009
Maharashtra Total 86,315,181 2 2 1 7 6 3
Main State: Rajasthan
1 Marwari RWR 7,936,183 A A
2 Mewari MTR 5,091,697 A A
3 Shekhawati SWV 3,000,000
4 Wagdi WBR 2,510,811
5 Harauti HOJ 2,462,867 A A

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 No. Language ETH Population Resource Available “A”
NT Portion Bible Film Radio Audio
6 Dhundhari DHD 1,871,130
7 Bagri BGQ 1,434,123 A
8 Mewati WTM 645,291
9 Sondwari 59,221
10 Garasia, Rajput GRA 51,183 A
11 Malwani 46,851
12 Dhatki MKI 16,400
13 Khairari 11,937
14 Bahawalpuri SKR 11,873
15 Kudubi 10,192
16 Merwari WRY 1,312
17 Lohar, Gade GDA 1,009
Rajasthan Total 25,162,080 1 3 3 1
West Zone Total 164,382,917 6 5 3 17 18 9

Zone: Hindi Belt Zone

Main State: All over India
1 Hindi HIN 257,919,635 A A A A A
2 Indian Sign Language INS 2,680,000
All over India Total 260,599,635 1 1 1 1 1
Main State: Bihar
1 Bhojpuri BHO 33,099,497 A A A A
2 Magahi MAG 13,978,565 A A
3 Maithili MAI 12,178,673 A A
4 Surgujia 1,458,533
5 Surajpuri SJP 1,217,019
6 Angika ANP 725,000
7 Kurmali Thar 425,920
8 Degaru DGU 10,089
Bihar Total 63,093,296 1 3 3 1
Main State: Chhattisgarh
1 Chhattisgarhi HNE 13,260,186 A A A
Chhattisgarh Total 13,260,186 1 1 1
Main State: Madhya Pradesh
1 Halbi HLB 592,501 A A
2 Gowli GOK 35,000
Madhya Pradesh Total 627,501 1 1
Main State: Uttar Pradesh
1 Kanauji BJJ 6,000,000 A A
2 Khortha 4,725,927
3 Bundeli/Bundelkhandi BNS 3,072,147 A A A
4 Awadhi AWA 2,529,308 A A A A

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 No. Language ETH Population Resource Available “A”
NT Portion Bible Film Radio Audio
5 Braj Bhasha BRA 574,245 A A
6 Tharu, Rana THR 64,000
7 Arabic 51,715
8 Khari Boli 47,730
9 Tharu, Dangaura THL 31,000 A
10 Sanskrit SAN 14,099 A A
11 Persian 11,688
12 Afghani 11,086
13 Balochi, Eastern BGP 5,000 A
Uttar Pradesh Total 17,137,945 1 3 1 4 4 2
Main State: Uttaranchal
1 Garhwali GBM 2,267,314 A A A A
2 Kumauni KFY 2,003,783 A A A
3 Jaunsari JNS 114,733
4 Buksa TKB 43,000
5 Rongpo RNP 7,500
6 Rawat JNL 2,926
7 Byangsi BEE 2,829
8 Darmiya DRD 2,027
9 Chaudangsi CDN 1,825
Uttaranchal Total 4,445,937 1 2 2 2
Hindi Belt Zone Total 359,164,500 3 8 2 12 11 4

Zone: Central Tribal Belt Zone

Main State: Chhattisgarh
1 Bhatri BGW 216,940 A
2 Maria, Dandami DAQ 200,000 A
3 Dhanwar DHA 104,195
4 Duruwa PCI 45,310 A
5 Majhwar MMJ 27,958
6 Khowar KHW 19,200
7 Muria, Western MUT 16,620
8 Mirgan ZRG 12,000
9 Muria, Eastern EMU 10,089
Chhattisgarh Total 652,312 3
Main State: Jharkhand
1 Santali SAT 5,943,679 A A A A A A
2 Sadri SCK 2,044,776 A A A A
3 Kurux KRU 1,737,044 A A A A
4 Nagpuria 1,242,586
5 Mundari MUW 1,046,951 A A A A A
6 Ho HOC 1,037,987 A A A A
7 Munda - Mundari 426,820

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 No. Language ETH Population Resource Available “A”
NT Portion Bible Film Radio Audio
8 Kharia KHR 237,479 A A
9 Domari RMT 201,787
10 Panchpargania TDB 193,769
11 Sauria Paharia MJT 110,000
12 Kumarbhag Paharia KMJ 83,050
13 Korwa KFP 66,000
14 Mahali MJX 66,000
15 Kudmali KYW 37,000
16 Mal Paharia KMJ 20,179
17 Asuri ASR 16,596
18 Birhor BIY 10,000
19 Turi TRD 6,054
20 Bijori BIX 2,391
Jharkhand Total 14,530,148 4 4 3 4 6 4
Main State: Madhya Pradesh
1 Malvi MUP 5,565,167 A
2 Bhili BHB 3,313,481 A A A A
3 Bagheli/Baghel BFY 2,865,011 A A
4 Gondi, Northern GNO 2,505,247 A A A A A
5 Nimadi NOE 2,148,146
6 Mina MYI 900,000
7 Bhilali BHI 680,689
8 Bareli, Rathwi BGD 637,751
9 Korku KFQ 541,880 A A A
10 Karmali KAR 368,853 A
11 Bharia BHA 196,512
12 Powari PWR 154,918
13 Tadavi - Dhanki 99,348
14 Agariya AGI 55,757
15 Dorli 37,731
16 Khirwar KWX 34,251
17 Bhumij (Mundari) 30,719
18 Muwasi 29,288
19 Kalari 26,797
20 Bareli, Palya BPX 25,000
21 Kamar KEQ 23,456
22 Bhunjia BHU 18,601
23 Mura 14,204
24 Holiya HOY 8,000
25 Pao PPA 7,223
26 Nagarchal NBG 7,090
27 Chamari CDG 5,324
28 Bhatola BTL 5,045
Madhya Pradesh Total 20,305,489 1 3 6 3 3
Central Tribal Belt Zone Total 35,487,949 5 7 3 13 9 7

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 No. Language ETH Population Resource Available “A”
NT Portion Bible Film Radio Audio

Zone: East Zone

Main State: Orissa
1 Oriya ORI 32,110,482 A A A A A A
2 Kui KXU 915,392 A A A A
3 Juray JUY 801,096
4 Sambalpuri 518,803
5 Pengo PEG 350,000
6 Sora SRB 288,000 A A
7 Kisan 141,088
8 Lodhi LBM 139,321
9 Khond (KUI) KXU 115,330 A A A A
10 Proja/Paroja 92,774
11 Laria 67,697
12 Bodo Parja BDV 50,000
13 Oriya, Desiya DSO 50,000 A A A
14 Kuvi KXV 39,319 A A
15 Gadaba, Pottangi GDB 26,082
16 Juang JUN 23,708
17 Kol GJK 12,720
18 Bondo BFW 9,000 A
19 Manda MHA 4,036
20 Gata' GAQ 3,055
Orissa Total 35,757,903 4 2 1 4 6 5
Main State: West Bengal
1 Bengali BEN 82,462,437 A A A A A
2 Rajbanshi RJB 18,355,613 A
3 Nepali NEP 2,867,922 A A A A A
4 Tibetan BOD 77,305 A A A A
5 Koda CDZ 36,528
6 Toto TXO 20,000
7 Sherpa XSR 18,342 A
8 Tamang, Eastern TAJ 17,494 A A
9 Mru MRO 1,231
10 Lhomi LHM 1,000
West Bengal Total 103,857,872 3 3 4 5 3
East Zone Total 139,615,775 7 2 4 8 11 8

Zone: South Zone

Main State: Andaman and Nicobar
1 Andaman HCA 31,000
2 Nicobarese, Car CAQ 28,784 A A
3 Nicobarese, Southern NIK 5,045
4 Teressa TEF 2,767

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 No. Language ETH Population Resource Available “A”
NT Portion Bible Film Radio Audio
5 Nicobarese, Central NCB 2,200
6 Chaura CRV 2,018
Andaman and Nicobar Total 71,814 1 1
Main State: Andhra Pradesh
1 Telugu TEL 73,817,148 A A A A A
2 Lambadi LMN 2,707,562 A A A A A
3 Waddar WBQ 1,930,000 A
4 Banjari 1,259,821
5 Koya KFF 362,070 A A
6 Savara SVR 252,487
7 Gondi, Southern GGO 250,000
8 Vadari 171,725
9 Sugali 160,736
10 Oriya, Adivasi ORT 150,000 A
11 Pardhan PCH 116,919
12 Yerukula YEU 69,533 A
13 Kanjari KFT 55,386
14 Kodu (KUI) 45,428
15 Chenchu CDE 28,754
16 Relli REI 21,965
17 Yerava 19,643
18 Manna-Dora MJU 18,964
19 Mukha-Dora MMK 17,456
20 Konda-Dora KFC 15,000 A
21 Kolami, Southeastern NIT 10,000
22 Gadaba, Bodo GBJ 8,000
23 Kupia KEY 4,000 A
Andhra Pradesh Total 81,492,597 2 1 1 2 6 5
Main State: Karnataka
1 Kannada KAN 37,742,232 A A A A A
2 Tulu TCY 1,720,422 A A A
3 Kodagu/Coorgi KFA 166,187
4 Ravula YEA 27,413
5 Sholaga SLE 24,000
6 Koraga, Korra KFD 15,000
7 Bellari BRW 1,352
Karnataka Total 39,696,606 2 1 2 2 1
Main State: Kerala
1 Malayalam MAL 33,015,420 A A A A A
2 Paniya PCG 63,827
3 Kurichiya KFH 29,375
4 Kanikkaran KEV 25,000
5 Malaryan MJQ 16,068
6 Malavedan MJR 15,241
7 Koraga, Mudu VMD 15,000

15 | S e r v e - A - L a n g u a g e National Resource Center

 No. Language ETH Population Resource Available “A”
NT Portion Bible Film Radio Audio
8 Ullatan ULL 14,846
9 Muthuvan MUV 12,219
10 Paliyan PCF 8,615
11 Mannan MJV 7,289
12 Urali URL 5,843
13 Malapandaram MJP 3,147
14 Kudiya KFG 2,462
15 Kadar KEJ 2,265
Kerala Total 33,236,617 1 1 1 1 1

Main State: Laccadive

1 Maldivian DIV 4,500 A
Laccadive Total 4,500 1
Main State: Tamil Nadu
1 Tamil TAM 60,655,813 A A A A A A
2 Irula IRU 200,000 A
3 Saurashtra SAZ 185,420 A A
4 Badaga BFQ 134,514 A A A A
5 Kurumba, Jennu XUJ 35,000
6 Kurumba, Betta XUB 32,000
7 Kurumba KFI 14,613
8 Vaagri Booli VAA 10,000 A
9 Malankuravan MJO 7,339
10 Kurumba, Mullu KPB 6,000
11 Kurumba, Alu XUA 2,500
12 Kota KFE 2,000
Tamil Nadu Total 61,285,199 2 3 1 2 2 4
South Zone Total 215,787,333 8 4 5 7 12 11
Zone: North East Zone
Main State: Arunachal Pradesh
1 Nissi DAP 118,111 A A
2 Adi ADI 97,012 A A A A
3 Adi, Gallong ADL 61,887
4 Rawang RAW 60,536
5 Moinba MOB 51,035
6 Wancho 49,072
7 Tagin - Nisi 38,244
8 Naga, Nocte NJB 27,749 A
9 Naga, Tutsa TVT 25,000
10 Miju-Mishmi MXJ 17,283
11 Adi Miniyong 17,274
12 Naga, Tase NST 12,604 A
13 Tangsa NST 12,604 A
14 Idu-Mishmi CLK 11,041

National Resource Center 16 | S e r v e - A - L a n g u a g e

 No. Language ETH Population Resource Available “A”
NT Portion Bible Film Radio Audio
15 Rai KLE 10,446
16 Digaro-Mishmi MHU 8,622
17 Sulung SUV 5,443
18 Hruso HRU 4,000
19 Sajalong SJL 4,000
20 Na NBT 1,500
21 Khamba KBG 1,333
22 Bugun BGG 1,046
23 Lisu LIS 1,000
Arunachal Pradesh Total 636,842 3 2 2 2
Main State: Assam
1 Assamese ASM 12,778,735 A A A A A
2 Sylheti SYL 3,000,000
3 Bodo BRX 1,330,775 A A A A A A
4 Khasi KHA 828,545 A A A A A
5 Kok Borok TRP 761,964 A A A
6 Miri MRG 551,182 A
7 Karbi MJW 419,512 A A A
8 Naga, Konyak NBE 248,109 A A A A
9 Chin, Thado TCZ 186,471 A A A A A
10 Rabha RAH 164,266 A A
11 Amri AJZ 125,000
12 Dimasa DIS 110,671 A
13 Riang RIA 76,450 A A
14 Chin, Paite PCK 64,065 A A A
15 Naga, Chang NBC 62,408 A
16 Kachari XAC 59,000
17 Naga, Wancho NNP 45,000 A
18 Vaiphei VAP 39,673 A A
19 Naga, Maram NMA 37,340 A
20 Arakanese MHV 30,559
21 Sakechep SCH 30,000
22 Apatani APT 28,422
23 Deori DER 27,960 A A
24 Tiwa LAX 27,072
25 Lalung LAX 27,072
26 Chin, Falam FLM 14,316 A A A
27 Khamti KHT 8,879
28 Phake PHK 5,000
29 Aiton AIO 5,000
30 Sherdukpen SDP 3,100
31 Kurmukar KFV 3,000
32 Singpho SGP 3,000 A
33 Aimol AIM 2,643
Assam Total 21,105,189 12 6 7 6 11 9

17 | S e r v e - A - L a n g u a g e National Resource Center

 No. Language ETH Population Resource Available “A”
NT Portion Bible Film Radio Audio
Main State: Manipur
1 Meitei Manipuri MNI 1,466,497 A A A A A
2 Tangkhul NMF 142,023 A A A
3 Hmar HMR 83,404 A A A
4 Naga, Mao NBI 81,000 A A A
5 Naga, Rongmei NBU 61,197 A A A A
6 Naga, Poumei PMX 51,000 A
7 Kuki 47,856
8 Naga, Zeme NZM 34,102
9 Kabui NKF 29,175
10 Naga, Inpui NKF 29,175
11 Naga, Khoibu NKB 25,600
12 Naga, Thangal NKI 23,600 A A A
13 Naga, Maring NNG 22,326 A
14 Anal ANM 21,420 A
15 Zome/Zou ZOM 20,857 A A A
16 Hrangkhol HRA 18,665 A
17 Kom KMM 14,673 A A A
18 Gangte GNB 14,394 A A A
19 Simte SMT 10,225 A
20 Lamkang LMK 10,000
21 Chiru CDF 7,000
22 Naga, Chothe NCT 3,600
23 Naga, Monsang NMH 3,200
24 Naga, Puimei NPU 3,000
25 Koireng NKD 3,000
26 Naga, Kharam KFW 1,400
Manipur Total 2,228,389 12 1 8 2 3 9
Main State: Meghalaya
1 Garo GRT 885,522 A A A A A
2 Pnar PBV 243,441
3 Haijong HAJ 63,188
4 Koch KDQ 28,578
5 War AML 25,886
6 Biete BIU 19,000 A A
7 Bangni 18,842
8 Bhoi Khasi 14,882
Meghalaya Total 1,299,339 2 1 1 1 2
Main State: Mizoram
1 Mizo LUS 671,911 A A A A
2 Chakma CCP 176,458 A A A
3 Chin, Tedim CTD 155,000 A A A
4 Chin, Mara MRH 34,751 A A
5 Lakher MRH 34,751 A A
6 Pawi CNH 24,965 A
7 Chin, Haka CNH 24,965 A

National Resource Center 18 | S e r v e - A - L a n g u a g e

 No. Language ETH Population Resource Available “A”
NT Portion Bible Film Radio Audio
8 Chin, Matu HLT 20,000
9 Chin, Bawm BGR 4,439 A
10 Zyphe ZYP 3,000
Mizoram Total 1,150,240 4 1 4 2 2 4
Main State: Nagaland
1 Naga, Ao NJO 257,404 A A A A
2 Naga, Lotha NJH 170,001 A A A
3 Naga, Phom NPH 122,508 A
4 Naga, Sumi NSM 103,529 A A A
5 Naga, Sangtam NSA 84,171 A A
6 Chakru 83,560
7 Naga, Yimchungru YIM 72,030 A
8 Zeliang 61,547
9 Naga, Rengma NRE 61,345 A A A A
10 Naga, Angami NJM 49,685 A A
11 Naga, Khezha NKH 39,436
12 Naga, Khiamniungan NKY 37,755 A
13 Naga, Liangmai NJN 34,077 A A
14 Naga Pidgin NAG 30,000 A A
15 Naga, Mzieme NME 29,000
16 Tikhir 16,828
17 Naga, Pochuri NPO 16,728 A
18 Naga, North Rengma NNL 13,000
19 Chakhesang NRI 11,415
20 Naga, Chokri NRI 11,415
21 Naga, Moyon NMO 3,700
Nagaland Total 1,309,134 11 7 1 3 4
Main State: Sikkim
1 Magar, Eastern MGP 67,691 A A
2 Lepcha LEP 50,629 A A A
3 Sikkimese SIP 28,600
4 Limbu LIF 28,127 A
5 Kulung KLE 10,446
6 Thulung TDH 3,313
7 Dzongkha DZO 3,000 A A
8 Yakha YBH 1,000
Sikkim Total 192,806 1 3 4
Main State: Tripura
1 Bishnupriya BPY 72,899
2 Mogh MHV 30,559
3 Tripuri TRP 15,002 A A A
4 Darlong DLN 6,000 A A
Tripura Total 124,460 2 1 1 1
North East Zone Total 28,046,399 47 10 27 18 27 29
Grand Total 1,047,031,074 80 47 47 87 98 71
Source: Census of India 2001 and Ethnologue

19 | S e r v e - A - L a n g u a g e National Resource Center

Languages by Population

The data given below are the Languages of India by population. We have language, Ethnologe code (by SIL),
Population, do they come under FTT/UUPG list, number of people groups speak that language, in which State
they mainly found and what is their family.

Table 2 - Language list by Population

No. Language ETH Population FTT PGs Main State - Major Main Family
Speak population found

Population size: 10 Million and above

1 Hindi HIN 257,919,635 FTT 297 All over India Indo-Aryan
2 Bengali BEN 82,462,437 FTT 159 West Bengal Indo-Aryan
3 Telugu TEL 73,817,148 FTT 355 Andhra Pradesh Dravidian
4 Marathi MAR 71,701,478 FTT 170 Maharashtra Indo-Aryan
5 Tamil TAM 60,655,813 FTT 247 Tamil Nadu Dravidian
6 Urdu URD 51,533,954 FTT 163 Jammu and Kashmir Indo-Aryan
7 Gujarati GUJ 45,715,654 FTT 199 Gujarat Indo-Aryan
8 Kannada KAN 37,742,232 FTT 174 Karnataka Dravidian
9 Bhojpuri BHO 33,099,497 FTT 42 Bihar Indo-Aryan
10 Malayalam MAL 33,015,420 FTT 129 Kerala Dravidian
11 Oriya ORI 32,110,482 FTT 200 Orissa Indo-Aryan
12 Panjabi, Eastern PAN 28,152,794 FTT 70 Punjab Indo-Aryan
13 Rajbanshi RJB 18,355,613 West Bengal Indo-Aryan
14 Magahi MAG 13,978,565 FTT 29 Bihar Indo-Aryan
15 Chhattisgarhi HNE 13,260,186 FTT 66 Chhattisgarh Indo-Aryan
16 Assamese ASM 12,778,735 FTT 38 Assam Indo-Aryan
17 Maithili MAI 12,178,673 FTT 42 Bihar Indo-Aryan
18 Deccan DCC 10,709,800 * Maharashtra Indo-Aryan

Population size: between One Million to 10 Million

1 Haryanvi BGC 7,997,192 FTT 44 Haryana Indo-Aryan
2 Marwari RWR 7,936,183 FTT 94 Rajasthan Indo-Aryan
3 Kanauji BJJ 6,000,000 * Uttar Pradesh Indo-Aryan
4 Santali SAT 5,943,679 1 Jharkhand Austro-Asiatic
5 Malvi MUP 5,565,167 20 Madhya Pradesh Indo-Aryan
6 Kashmiri KAS 5,362,349 FTT 47 Jammu and Kashmir Indo-Aryan
7 Mewari MTR 5,091,697 FTT 50 Rajasthan Indo-Aryan
8 Khortha 4,725,927 Uttar Pradesh
9 Bhili BHB 3,313,481 6 Madhya Pradesh Indo-Aryan
10 Bundeli/Bundelkhandi BNS 3,072,147 FTT 46 Uttar Pradesh Indo-Aryan
11 Shekhawati SWV 3,000,000 * FTT 7 Rajasthan Indo-Aryan
12 Sylheti SYL 3,000,000 * Assam Indo-Aryan
13 Nepali NEP 2,867,922 24 West Bengal Indo-Aryan
14 Bagheli/Baghel BFY 2,865,011 8 Madhya Pradesh Indo-Aryan
15 Pahari KFX 2,832,825 FTT 30 Himachal Pradesh

National Resource Center 20 | S e r v e - A - L a n g u a g e

 No. Language ETH Population FTT PGs Main State - Major Main Family
Speak population found
16 Lambadi LMN 2,707,562 4 Andhra Pradesh Indo-Aryan
17 Indian Sign Language INS 2,680,000 * 1 All over India Deaf sign
18 Awadhi AWA 2,529,308 FTT 28 Uttar Pradesh Indo-Aryan
19 Wagdi WBR 2,510,811 FTT 21 Rajasthan Indo-Aryan
20 Gondi, Northern GNO 2,505,247 FTT 9 Madhya Pradesh Dravidian
21 Harauti HOJ 2,462,867 15 Rajasthan Indo-Aryan
22 Konkani, Goanese GOM 2,420,140 FTT 55 Goa Indo-Aryan
23 Dogri DGO 2,282,547 FTT 37 Jammu and Kashmir Indo-Aryan
24 Garhwali GBM 2,267,314 FTT 24 Uttaranchal Indo-Aryan
25 Nimadi NOE 2,148,146 8 Madhya Pradesh Indo-Aryan
26 Sadri SCK 2,044,776 FTT 28 Jharkhand Indo-Aryan
27 Kumauni KFY 2,003,783 25 Uttaranchal Indo-Aryan
28 Waddar WBQ 1,930,000 * Andhra Pradesh Dravidian
29 Dhundhari DHD 1,871,130 6 Rajasthan Indo-Aryan
30 Ahirani AHR 1,865,813 4 Maharashtra Indo-Aryan
31 Kurux KRU 1,737,044 FTT 2 Jharkhand Dravidian
32 Tulu TCY 1,720,422 FTT 38 Karnataka Dravidian
33 Sindhi SND 1,694,061 FTT 9 Gujarat Indo-Aryan
34 Meitei Manipuri MNI 1,466,497 7 Manipur Tibeto-Burman
35 Surgujia 1,458,533 1 Bihar
36 Bagri BGQ 1,434,123 FTT 11 Rajasthan Indo-Aryan
37 Bodo BRX 1,330,775 4 Assam Tibeto-Burman
38 Banjari 1,259,821 9 Andhra Pradesh
39 Nagpuria 1,242,586 9 Jharkhand
40 Surajpuri SJP 1,217,019 1 Bihar Indo-Aryan
41 Kangri XNR 1,122,843 19 Himachal Pradesh Indo-Aryan
42 Mundari MUW 1,046,951 3 Jharkhand Austro-Asiatic
43 Ho HOC 1,037,987 1 Jharkhand Austro-Asiatic
44 Panjabi, Mirpur PMU 1,022,000 * FTT 14 Jammu and Kashmir Indo-Aryan

Population size: between 100,001 to One Million

1 Kui KXU 915,392 3 Orissa Dravidian
2 Mina MYI 900,000 * 21 Madhya Pradesh Indo-Aryan
3 Garo GRT 885,522 1 Meghalaya Tibeto-Burman
4 Khasi KHA 828,545 8 Assam Austro-Asiatic
5 Kachchhi KFR 823,058 FTT 52 Gujarat Indo-Aryan
6 Juray JUY 801,096 * 1 Orissa Austro-Asiatic
7 Gojri 762,332 5 Himachal Pradesh
8 Kok Borok TRP 761,964 FTT 6 Assam Tibeto-Burman
9 Angika ANP 725,000 * FTT 31 Bihar Indo-Aryan
10 Bhilali BHI 680,689 6 Madhya Pradesh Indo-Aryan
11 Mizo LUS 671,911 1 Mizoram Tibeto-Burman
12 Mewati WTM 645,291 2 Rajasthan Indo-Aryan
13 Bareli, Rathwi BGD 637,751 FTT 3 Madhya Pradesh Indo-Aryan

21 | S e r v e - A - L a n g u a g e National Resource Center

 No. Language ETH Population FTT PGs Main State - Major Main Family
Speak population found
14 Mandeali MJL 611,930 7 Himachal Pradesh Indo-Aryan
15 Halbi HLB 592,501 FTT 10 Madhya Pradesh Indo-Aryan
16 Braj Bhasha BRA 574,245 12 Uttar Pradesh Indo-Aryan
17 Miri MRG 551,182 1 Assam Tibeto-Burman
18 Korku KFQ 541,880 3 Madhya Pradesh Austro-Asiatic
19 Sambalpuri 518,803 FTT 5 Orissa
20 Pahari, Mahasu BFZ 500,000 * FTT 1 Himachal Pradesh Indo-Aryan
21 Varli VAV 475,433 FTT 1 Maharashtra Indo-Aryan
22 Munda - Mundari 426,820 7 Jharkhand
23 Kurmali Thar 425,920 1 Bihar
24 Pawari 425,745 1 Himachal Pradesh
25 Karbi MJW 419,512 1 Assam Tibeto-Burman
26 Vasavi VAS 417,665 1 Maharashtra Indo-Aryan
27 Koli, Wadiyara KXP 403,575 * 1 Gujarat Indo-Aryan
28 Karmali KAR 368,853 1 Madhya Pradesh
29 Koya KFF 362,070 3 Andhra Pradesh Dravidian
30 Pengo PEG 350,000 * 2 Orissa Dravidian
31 Rathawi RTW 308,640 * 1 Gujarat Indo-Aryan
32 Sora SRB 288,000 * FTT 3 Orissa Austro-Asiatic
33 Gamit GBL 283,697 2 Gujarat Indo-Aryan
34 Naga, Ao NJO 257,404 1 Nagaland Tibeto-Burman
35 Savara SVR 252,487 1 Andhra Pradesh Dravidian
36 Gondi, Southern GGO 250,000 * FTT 2 Andhra Pradesh Dravidian
37 Naga, Konyak NBE 248,109 1 Assam Tibeto-Burman
38 Pnar PBV 243,441 1 Meghalaya Austro-Asiatic
39 Kharia KHR 237,479 1 Jharkhand Austro-Asiatic
40 English ENG 226,449 1 Maharashtra Germanic
41 Bhatri BGW 216,940 FTT 8 Chhattisgarh Indo-Aryan
42 Chodhari CDI 209,363 1 Gujarat Indo-Aryan
43 Dubli DUB 202,000 * Gujarat Indo-Aryan
44 Domari RMT 201,787 * 1 Jharkhand Indo-Aryan
45 Bareli, Pauri BFB 200,000 * 3 Maharashtra Indo-Aryan
46 Maria, Dandami DAQ 200,000 * 1 Chhattisgarh Dravidian
47 Irula IRU 200,000 * 1 Tamil Nadu Dravidian
48 Bharia BHA 196,512 * 1 Madhya Pradesh Dravidian
49 Panchpargania TDB 193,769 FTT 9 Jharkhand Indo-Aryan
50 Chin, Thado TCZ 186,471 1 Assam Tibeto-Burman
51 Saurashtra SAZ 185,420 2 Tamil Nadu Indo-Aryan
52 Bilaspuri KFS 179,511 22 Himachal Pradesh Indo-Aryan
53 Chakma CCP 176,458 1 Mizoram Indo-Aryan
54 Vadari 171,725 1 Andhra Pradesh
55 Kulvi KFX 170,770 5 Himachal Pradesh
56 Naga, Lotha NJH 170,001 1 Nagaland Tibeto-Burman
57 Dhodia DHO 169,290 2 Gujarat Indo-Aryan

National Resource Center 22 | S e r v e - A - L a n g u a g e

 No. Language ETH Population FTT PGs Main State - Major Main Family
Speak population found
58 Kodagu/Coorgi KFA 166,187 * 11 Karnataka Dravidian
59 Rabha RAH 164,266 1 Assam Tibeto-Burman
60 Sugali 160,736 3 Andhra Pradesh
61 Chin, Tedim CTD 155,000 * 1 Mizoram Tibeto-Burman
62 Powari PWR 154,918 1 Madhya Pradesh Indo-Aryan
63 Parsi PRP 151,341 * 1 Gujarat Indo-Iranian
64 Oriya, Adivasi ORT 150,000 * 1 Andhra Pradesh Indo-Aryan
65 Tangkhul NMF 142,023 1 Manipur
66 Kisan 141,088 1 Orissa
67 Lodhi LBM 139,321 1 Orissa Austro-Asiatic
68 Dhanki DHN 138,756 FTT 1 Gujarat Indo-Aryan
69 Badaga BFQ 134,514 4 Tamil Nadu Dravidian
70 Purik PRX 132,000 * 1 Jammu and Kashmir Tibeto-Burman
71 Chambeali CDH 126,589 9 Himachal Pradesh Indo-Aryan
72 Amri AJZ 125,000 * 1 Assam Tibeto-Burman
73 Naga, Phom NPH 122,508 1 Nagaland Tibeto-Burman
74 Kolami, Northwestern KFB 121,855 1 Maharashtra Dravidian
75 Gaddi GBK 120,000 * 4 Himachal Pradesh Indo-Aryan
76 Nissi DAP 118,111 1 Arunachal Pradesh
77 Pardhan PCH 116,919 * 5 Andhra Pradesh Dravidian
78 Khond (KUI) KXU 115,330 3 Orissa
79 Jaunsari JNS 114,733 1 Uttaranchal Indo-Aryan
80 Dimasa DIS 110,671 3 Assam Tibeto-Burman
81 Kukna KEX 110,602 2 Gujarat Indo-Aryan
82 Sauria Paharia MJT 110,000 * 1 Jharkhand Dravidian
83 Pahari, Kullu 109,000 * FTT 4 Himachal Pradesh Indo-Aryan
84 Ladakhi LBJ 104,502 FTT 6 Jammu and Kashmir Tibeto-Burman
85 Dhanwar DHA 104,195 * 6 Chhattisgarh Indo-Aryan
86 Naga, Sumi NSM 103,529 1 Nagaland Tibeto-Burman
87 Bhattiyali BHT 102,252 * 1 Himachal Pradesh Indo-Aryan
88 Rathi 101,458 FTT 1 Maharashtra
89 Noiri NOI 100,000 * 1 Maharashtra Indo-Aryan
90 Dungra Bhil DUH 100,000 * 3 Gujarat Indo-Aryan

Population size: Between 50,001 to 100,000

1 Mawchi MKE 99,474 1 Gujarat Indo-Aryan
2 Tadavi - Dhanki 99,348 2 Madhya Pradesh
3 Adi ADI 97,012 1 Arunachal Pradesh Tibeto-Burman
4 Proja/Paroja 92,774 3 Orissa
5 Maria MRR 88,984 5 Maharashtra Dravidian
6 Siraji 87,179 1 Jammu and Kashmir
7 Naga, Sangtam NSA 84,171 1 Nagaland Tibeto-Burman
8 Chakru 83,560 1 Nagaland

23 | S e r v e - A - L a n g u a g e National Resource Center

 No. Language ETH Population FTT PGs Main State - Major Main Family
Speak population found
9 Hmar HMR 83,404 1 Manipur Tibeto-Burman
10 Kumarbhag Paharia KMJ 83,050 1 Jharkhand Dravidian
11 Naga, Mao NBI 81,000 * 1 Manipur Tibeto-Burman
12 Andh ANR 80,000 * 1 Maharashtra Unclassified
13 Tibetan BOD 77,305 1 West Bengal Tibeto-Burman
14 Riang RIA 76,450 1 Assam Tibeto-Burman
15 Bishnupriya BPY 72,899 1 Tripura Indo-Aryan
16 Naga, Yimchungru YIM 72,030 1 Nagaland Tibeto-Burman
17 Yerukula YEU 69,533 5 Andhra Pradesh Dravidian
18 Bhotia BOD 68,800 FTT 3 Himachal Pradesh
19 Laria 67,697 6 Orissa
20 Magar, Eastern MGP 67,691 * 1 Sikkim Tibeto-Burman
21 Bhadrawahi BHD 66,918 1 Jammu and Kashmir Indo-Aryan
22 Bharmauri 66,246 1 Himachal Pradesh
23 Korwa KFP 66,000 * 3 Jharkhand Austro-Asiatic
24 Mahali MJX 66,000 * 4 Jharkhand Austro-Asiatic
25 Kinnauri KFK 64,817 1 Himachal Pradesh Tibeto-Burman
26 Chin, Paite PCK 64,065 1 Assam Tibeto-Burman
27 Tharu, Rana THR 64,000 * 1 Uttar Pradesh Indo-Aryan
28 Paniya PCG 63,827 * 1 Kerala Dravidian
29 Haijong HAJ 63,188 2 Meghalaya Indo-Aryan
30 Naga, Chang NBC 62,408 1 Assam Tibeto-Burman
31 Adi, Gallong ADL 61,887 1 Arunachal Pradesh Tibeto-Burman
32 Zeliang 61,547 1 Nagaland
33 Naga, Rengma NRE 61,345 1 Nagaland Tibeto-Burman
34 Churahi CDJ 61,199 1 Himachal Pradesh Indo-Aryan
35 Naga, Rongmei NBU 61,197 1 Manipur Tibeto-Burman
36 Rawang RAW 60,536 * 1 Arunachal Pradesh Tibeto-Burman
37 Sansi SSI 60,000 * 1 Punjab Indo-Aryan
38 Sondwari 59,221 1 Rajasthan
39 Kachari XAC 59,000 * 1 Assam Tibeto-Burman
40 Bazigar BFR 58,236 * 1 Haryana Dravidian
41 Multani - Seraiki 56,096 7 Maharashtra
42 Agariya AGI 55,757 * FTT 1 Madhya Pradesh Austro-Asiatic
43 Kanjari KFT 55,386 * 1 Andhra Pradesh Indo-Aryan
44 Arabic 51,715 2 Uttar Pradesh
45 Garasia, Rajput GRA 51,183 FTT 1 Rajasthan Indo-Aryan
46 Moinba MOB 51,035 1 Arunachal Pradesh Tibeto-Burman
47 Naga, Poumei PMX 51,000 * 1 Manipur Tibeto-Burman
48 Lepcha LEP 50,629 1 Sikkim Tibeto-Burman

Population size: Between 10,001 to 50,000

1 Oriya, Desiya DSO 50,000 * 2 Orissa Indo-Aryan

National Resource Center 24 | S e r v e - A - L a n g u a g e

 No. Language ETH Population FTT PGs Main State - Major Main Family
Speak population found
2 Bodo Parja BDV 50,000 * 3 Orissa Indo-Aryan
3 Naga, Angami NJM 49,685 1 Nagaland Tibeto-Burman
4 Pardhi PCL 49,290 1 Maharashtra Indo-Aryan
5 Wancho 49,072 1 Arunachal Pradesh
6 Gujari GJU 48,747 5 Haryana Indo-Aryan
7 Kuki 47,856 1 Manipur
8 Khari Boli 47,730 FTT 20 Uttar Pradesh
9 Malwani 46,851 1 Rajasthan
10 Kodu (KUI) 45,428 1 Andhra Pradesh
11 Duruwa PCI 45,310 1 Chhattisgarh Dravidian
12 Naga, Wancho NNP 45,000 * 1 Assam Tibeto-Burman
13 Gujrao 43,414 5 Gujarat
14 Buksa TKB 43,000 * 1 Uttaranchal Indo-Aryan
15 Vaiphei VAP 39,673 1 Assam Tibeto-Burman
16 Naga, Khezha NKH 39,436 1 Nagaland Tibeto-Burman
17 Kuvi KXV 39,319 FTT 4 Orissa Dravidian
18 Tagin - Nisi 38,244 1 Arunachal Pradesh
19 Naga, Khiamniungan NKY 37,755 1 Nagaland Tibeto-Burman
20 Dorli 37,731 1 Madhya Pradesh
21 Naga, Maram NMA 37,340 1 Assam Tibeto-Burman
22 Kudmali KYW 37,000 * 9 Jharkhand Indo-Aryan
23 Koda CDZ 36,528 1 West Bengal Austro-Asiatic
24 Gowli GOK 35,000 * 1 Madhya Pradesh Indo-Aryan
25 Kurumba, Jennu XUJ 35,000 * 1 Tamil Nadu Dravidian
26 Lakher MRH 34,751 1 Mizoram
27 Chin, Mara MRH 34,751 1 Mizoram Tibeto-Burman
28 Khirwar KWX 34,251 * 1 Madhya Pradesh Dravidian
29 Shina SCL 34,251 1 Jammu and Kashmir Indo-Aryan
30 Naga, Zeme NZM 34,102 1 Manipur Tibeto-Burman
31 Naga, Liangmai NJN 34,077 1 Nagaland Tibeto-Burman
32 Kishtwari 33,429 1 Jammu and Kashmir
33 Kurumba, Betta XUB 32,000 * 1 Tamil Nadu Dravidian
34 Sirmauri SRX 31,144 3 Himachal Pradesh Indo-Aryan
35 Tharu, Dangaura THL 31,000 * 1 Uttar Pradesh Indo-Aryan
36 Andaman HCA 31,000 * 1 Andaman and Nicobar Creole
37 Bhumij (Mundari) 30,719 1 Madhya Pradesh
38 Mogh MHV 30,559 1 Tripura
39 Arakanese MHV 30,559 1 Assam Tibeto-Burman
40 Sakechep SCH 30,000 * 1 Assam Tibeto-Burman
41 Naga Pidgin NAG 30,000 * 1 Nagaland Creole
42 Kurichiya KFH 29,375 * 1 Kerala Dravidian
43 Muwasi 29,288 1 Madhya Pradesh
44 Kabui NKF 29,175 1 Manipur
45 Naga, Inpui NKF 29,175 1 Manipur Tibeto-Burman

25 | S e r v e - A - L a n g u a g e National Resource Center

 No. Language ETH Population FTT PGs Main State - Major Main Family
Speak population found
46 Naga, Mzieme NME 29,000 * 1 Nagaland Tibeto-Burman
47 Nicobarese, Car CAQ 28,784 1 Andaman and Nicobar Austro-Asiatic
48 Chenchu CDE 28,754 * 1 Andhra Pradesh Dravidian
49 Sikkimese SIP 28,600 * 1 Sikkim Tibeto-Burman
50 Koch KDQ 28,578 1 Meghalaya Tibeto-Burman
51 Apatani APT 28,422 1 Assam Tibeto-Burman
52 Limbu LIF 28,127 FTT 1 Sikkim Tibeto-Burman
53 Deori DER 27,960 1 Assam Tibeto-Burman
54 Majhwar MMJ 27,958 * 1 Chhattisgarh Unclassified
55 Koraku KSZ 27,942 1 Maharashtra
56 Naga, Nocte NJB 27,749 1 Arunachal Pradesh Tibeto-Burman
57 Ravula YEA 27,413 * 1 Karnataka Dravidian
58 Panjabi, Western PNB 27,386 * FTT 1 Jammu and Kashmir Indo-Aryan
59 Bauria BGE 27,242 1 Punjab Indo-Aryan
60 Tiwa LAX 27,072 1 Assam Tibeto-Burman
61 Lalung LAX 27,072 FTT 1 Assam
62 Kalari 26,797 1 Madhya Pradesh
63 Gadaba, Pottangi GDB 26,082 1 Orissa Dravidian
64 War AML 25,886 1 Meghalaya Austro-Asiatic
65 Naga, Khoibu NKB 25,600 * 1 Manipur Tibeto-Burman
66 Bareli, Palya BPX 25,000 * 1 Madhya Pradesh Indo-Aryan
67 Kanikkaran KEV 25,000 * 1 Kerala Dravidian
68 Naga, Tutsa TVT 25,000 * 1 Arunachal Pradesh Tibeto-Burman
69 Chin, Haka CNH 24,965 1 Mizoram Tibeto-Burman
70 Pawi CNH 24,965 1 Mizoram
71 Sholaga SLE 24,000 * 1 Karnataka Dravidian
72 Juang JUN 23,708 1 Orissa Austro-Asiatic
73 Kaikadi KEP 23,694 1 Maharashtra Dravidian
74 Naga, Thangal NKI 23,600 * 1 Manipur Tibeto-Burman
75 Kamar KEQ 23,456 * 1 Madhya Pradesh Dravidian
76 Naga, Maring NNG 22,326 1 Manipur Tibeto-Burman
77 Relli REI 21,965 1 Andhra Pradesh Indo-Aryan
78 Anal ANM 21,420 1 Manipur Tibeto-Burman
79 Zome/Zou ZOM 20,857 1 Manipur Tibeto-Burman
80 Gowlan GOJ 20,179 * 1 Maharashtra Indo-Aryan
81 Mal Paharia KMJ 20,179 * 1 Jharkhand
82 Lahauli LBF 20,138 2 Himachal Pradesh
83 Tinani LBF 20,138 1 Himachal Pradesh Tibeto-Burman
84 Balti BFT 20,051 1 Jammu and Kashmir Tibeto-Burman
85 Toto TXO 20,000 * 1 West Bengal Tibeto-Burman
86 Chin, Matu HLT 20,000 * 1 Mizoram Tibeto-Burman
87 Punchhi 19,871 1 Gujarat
88 Yerava 19,643 1 Andhra Pradesh

National Resource Center 26 | S e r v e - A - L a n g u a g e

 No. Language ETH Population FTT PGs Main State - Major Main Family
Speak population found
89 Khowar KHW 19,200 * 1 Chhattisgarh Indo-Aryan
90 Biete BIU 19,000 * 1 Meghalaya Tibeto-Burman
91 Manna-Dora MJU 18,964 * 1 Andhra Pradesh Dravidian
92 Bangni 18,842 1 Meghalaya
93 Hrangkhol HRA 18,665 * 1 Manipur Tibeto-Burman
94 Bhunjia BHU 18,601 * 1 Madhya Pradesh Indo-Aryan
95 Sherpa XSR 18,342 FTT 1 West Bengal Tibeto-Burman
96 Tamang, Eastern TAJ 17,494 FTT 1 West Bengal Tibeto-Burman
97 Mukha-Dora MMK 17,456 * 1 Andhra Pradesh Unclassified
98 Khandeshi KHN 17,413 1 Maharashtra Indo-Aryan
99 Miju-Mishmi MXJ 17,283 1 Arunachal Pradesh Tibeto-Burman
100 Adi Miniyong 17,274 1 Arunachal Pradesh
101 Tikhir 16,828 FTT 1 Nagaland
102 Naga, Pochuri NPO 16,728 1 Nagaland Tibeto-Burman
103 Muria, Western MUT 16,620 1 Chhattisgarh Dravidian
104 Asuri ASR 16,596 * 1 Jharkhand Austro-Asiatic
105 Dhatki MKI 16,400 * 1 Rajasthan Indo-Aryan
106 Pangwali PGG 16,285 2 Himachal Pradesh Indo-Aryan
107 Malaryan MJQ 16,068 * 1 Kerala Dravidian
108 Malavedan MJR 15,241 * 1 Kerala Dravidian
109 Tripuri TRP 15,002 1 Tripura
110 Koraga, Mudu VMD 15,000 * 1 Kerala Dravidian
111 Nahali NLX 15,000 * 1 Maharashtra Indo-Aryan
112 Koraga, Korra KFD 15,000 * 1 Karnataka Dravidian
113 Konda-Dora KFC 15,000 * 1 Andhra Pradesh Dravidian
114 Bhoi Khasi 14,882 1 Meghalaya
115 Ullatan ULL 14,846 * 1 Kerala Dravidian
116 Kom KMM 14,673 1 Manipur Tibeto-Burman
117 Kurumba KFI 14,613 1 Tamil Nadu Dravidian
118 Gangte GNB 14,394 1 Manipur Tibeto-Burman
119 Chin, Falam FLM 14,316 1 Assam Tibeto-Burman
120 Mura 14,204 1 Madhya Pradesh
121 Sanskrit SAN 14,099 1 Uttar Pradesh Indo-Aryan
122 Naga, North Rengma NNL 13,000 * 1 Nagaland Tibeto-Burman
123 Kol GJK 12,720 1 Orissa
124 Koli, Kachi GJK 12,720 1 Gujarat Indo-Aryan
125 Naga, Tase NST 12,604 1 Arunachal Pradesh Tibeto-Burman
126 Tangsa NST 12,604 15 Arunachal Pradesh
127 Muthuvan MUV 12,219 * 1 Kerala Dravidian
128 Mirgan ZRG 12,000 * 1 Chhattisgarh Indo-Aryan
129 Khairari 11,937 1 Rajasthan
130 Seraiki SKR 11,873 1 Punjab Indo-Aryan
131 Bahawalpuri SKR 11,873 1 Rajasthan

27 | S e r v e - A - L a n g u a g e National Resource Center

 No. Language ETH Population FTT PGs Main State - Major Main Family
Speak population found
132 Persian 11,688 2 Uttar Pradesh
133 Zangskari ZAU 11,443 1 Jammu and Kashmir Tibeto-Burman
134 Naga, Chokri NRI 11,415 1 Nagaland Tibeto-Burman
135 Chakhesang NRI 11,415 1 Nagaland
136 Afghani 11,086 1 Uttar Pradesh
137 Idu-Mishmi CLK 11,041 * 1 Arunachal Pradesh Tibeto-Burman
138 Pattani LAE 11,000 * 1 Himachal Pradesh Tibeto-Burman
139 Rai KLE 10,446 1 Arunachal Pradesh
140 Kulung KLE 10,446 1 Sikkim Tibeto-Burman
141 Simte SMT 10,225 1 Manipur Tibeto-Burman
142 Kudubi 10,192 1 Rajasthan
143 Muria, Eastern EMU 10,089 * 1 Chhattisgarh Dravidian
144 Degaru DGU 10,089 * 1 Bihar Indo-Aryan
145 Changthang CNA 10,089 * 1 Jammu and Kashmir Tibeto-Burman
146 Birhor BIY 10,000 * 1 Jharkhand Austro-Asiatic
147 Kolami, Southeastern NIT 10,000 * 1 Andhra Pradesh Dravidian
148 Vaagri Booli VAA 10,000 * FTT 1 Tamil Nadu Indo-Aryan
149 Lamkang LMK 10,000 * 1 Manipur Tibeto-Burman
150 Spiti Bhoti SPT 10,000 * 1 Himachal Pradesh Tibeto-Burman

Population size: Between 5,001 to 10,000

1 Bondo BFW 9,000 * 1 Orissa Austro-Asiatic
2 Khamti KHT 8,879 * 1 Assam Tai-Kadai
3 Bhalay BHX 8,672 * 1 Maharashtra Indo-Aryan
4 Digaro-Mishmi MHU 8,622 * 1 Arunachal Pradesh Tibeto-Burman
5 Paliyan PCF 8,615 * 1 Kerala Dravidian
6 Gadaba, Bodo GBJ 8,000 * 1 Andhra Pradesh Austro-Asiatic
7 Holiya HOY 8,000 * 1 Madhya Pradesh Dravidian
8 Rongpo RNP 7,500 * 1 Uttaranchal Tibeto-Burman
9 Malankuravan MJO 7,339 * 1 Tamil Nadu Dravidian
10 Mannan MJV 7,289 * 1 Kerala Dravidian
11 Pao PPA 7,223 * 1 Madhya Pradesh Tibeto-Burman
12 Nagarchal NBG 7,090 * 1 Madhya Pradesh Dravidian
13 Chiru CDF 7,000 * 1 Manipur Tibeto-Burman
14 Kinnauri, Harijan KJO 6,331 1 Himachal Pradesh Indo-Aryan
15 Turi TRD 6,054 * 1 Jharkhand Austro-Asiatic
16 Kurumba, Mullu KPB 6,000 * 1 Tamil Nadu Dravidian
17 Kinnauri, Bhoti NES 6,000 * 1 Himachal Pradesh Tibeto-Burman
18 Darlong DLN 6,000 * 1 Tripura Tibeto-Burman
19 Urali URL 5,843 * 1 Kerala Dravidian
20 Sulung SUV 5,443 * 1 Arunachal Pradesh Tibeto-Burman
21 Chamari CDG 5,324 * 1 Madhya Pradesh Indo-Aryan
22 Nicobarese, Southern NIK 5,045 * 1 Andaman and Nicobar Austro-Asiatic
23 Bhatola BTL 5,045 * 1 Madhya Pradesh Unclassified

National Resource Center 28 | S e r v e - A - L a n g u a g e

 No. Language ETH Population FTT PGs Main State - Major Main Family
Speak population found
Population size: Below 5000
1 Phake PHK 5,000 * 1 Assam Tai-Kadai
2 Aiton AIO 5,000 * 1 Assam Tai-Kadai
3 Balochi, Eastern BGP 5,000 * 1 Uttar Pradesh Indo-Iranian
4 Katkari KFU 4,951 * 1 Maharashtra Indo-Aryan
5 Maldivian DIV 4,500 * 1 Laccadive Indo-Aryan
6 Chin, Bawm BGR 4,439 * 1 Mizoram
7 Manda MHA 4,036 * 1 Orissa Dravidian
8 Hruso HRU 4,000 * 1 Arunachal Pradesh Tibeto-Burman
9 Gahri BFU 4,000 * 1 Himachal Pradesh Tibeto-Burman
10 Sajalong SJL 4,000 * 1 Arunachal Pradesh Tibeto-Burman
11 Kupia KEY 4,000 * 1 Andhra Pradesh Indo-Aryan
12 Naga, Moyon NMO 3,700 * 1 Nagaland Tibeto-Burman
13 Naga, Chothe NCT 3,600 * 1 Manipur Tibeto-Burman
14 Thulung TDH 3,313 * 1 Sikkim Tibeto-Burman
15 Naga, Monsang NMH 3,200 * 1 Manipur Tibeto-Burman
16 Malapandaram MJP 3,147 * 1 Kerala Dravidian
17 Sherdukpen SDP 3,100 * 1 Assam Tibeto-Burman
18 Gata' GAQ 3,055 * 1 Orissa Austro-Asiatic
19 Koireng NKD 3,000 * 1 Manipur Tibeto-Burman
20 Singpho SGP 3,000 * 2 Assam Tibeto-Burman
21 Zyphe ZYP 3,000 * 1 Mizoram Tibeto-Burman
22 Dzongkha DZO 3,000 * FTT 1 Sikkim Tibeto-Burman
23 Brokskat BKK 3,000 * 1 Jammu and Kashmir Indo-Aryan
24 Naga, Puimei NPU 3,000 * 1 Manipur Tibeto-Burman
25 Kurmukar KFV 3,000 * 1 Assam Indo-Aryan
26 Rawat JNL 2,926 * 1 Uttaranchal Tibeto-Burman
27 Byangsi BEE 2,829 * 1 Uttaranchal Tibeto-Burman
28 Teressa TEF 2,767 * 1 Andaman and Nicobar Austro-Asiatic
29 Aimol AIM 2,643 * 1 Assam Tibeto-Burman
30 Kurumba, Alu XUA 2,500 * 1 Tamil Nadu Dravidian
31 Stod Bhoti SBU 2,500 * 1 Himachal Pradesh Tibeto-Burman
32 Kudiya KFG 2,462 * 1 Kerala Dravidian
33 Bijori BIX 2,391 * 1 Jharkhand Austro-Asiatic
34 Kadar KEJ 2,265 * 1 Kerala Dravidian
35 Nicobarese, Central NCB 2,200 * 1 Andaman and Nicobar Austro-Asiatic
36 Shumcho SCU 2,174 * 1 Himachal Pradesh Tibeto-Burman
37 Darmiya DRD 2,027 * 1 Uttaranchal Tibeto-Burman
38 Chaura CRV 2,018 * 1 Andaman and Nicobar Austro-Asiatic
39 Kota KFE 2,000 * 1 Tamil Nadu Dravidian
40 Nihali NLL 2,000 * 1 Maharashtra Language
41 Jangshung JNA 1,990 * 1 Himachal Pradesh Tibeto-Burman

29 | S e r v e - A - L a n g u a g e National Resource Center

 No. Language ETH Population FTT PGs Main State - Major Main Family
Speak population found
42 Chaudangsi CDN 1,825 * 1 Uttaranchal Tibeto-Burman
43 Na NBT 1,500 * 1 Arunachal Pradesh Tibeto-Burman
44 Naga, Kharam KFW 1,400 * 1 Manipur Tibeto-Burman
45 Kanashi XNS 1,400 * 1 Himachal Pradesh Tibeto-Burman
46 Bellari BRW 1,352 * 1 Karnataka Dravidian
47 Khamba KBG 1,333 * 1 Arunachal Pradesh Tibeto-Burman
48 Merwari WRY 1,312 * 1 Rajasthan Indo-Aryan
49 Mru MRO 1,231 * 1 West Bengal Tibeto-Burman
50 Kinnauri, Chitkuli CIK 1,060 * 1 Himachal Pradesh Tibeto-Burman
51 Bugun BGG 1,046 * 1 Arunachal Pradesh Tibeto-Burman
52 Phudagi PHD 1,009 * 1 Maharashtra Indo-Aryan
53 Lohar, Gade GDA 1,009 * 1 Rajasthan Indo-Aryan
54 Lhomi LHM 1,000 * 1 West Bengal Tibeto-Burman
55 Lisu LIS 1,000 * 1 Arunachal Pradesh Tibeto-Burman
56 Yakha YBH 1,000 * 1 Sikkim Tibeto-Burman
Grand Total 1,047,031,074 64 3,874

National Resource Center 30 | S e r v e - A - L a n g u a g e

Finish The Task - Language list

A summary of the FTT languages (www.finishingthetask.com) and the number of People Groups in each language
is given in the Table below.

Table 3 - A summary of the FTT languages

Language PGs 16. Dogri 1 32. kuru 1 48. Rathi 1

1. Agri 1 17. Gadiali 1 33. Kuvi 1 49. Sadri 5
2. Angika 6 18. Girasias 1 34. Ladakhi 1 50. Sambalpuri 1
3. Arain 1 19. Gondi (N & S) 1 35. Lalung 1 51. Shekhawati 1
4. Assamese 2 20. Gujarati 21 36. Limbu 1 52. Sindhi 2
5. Awadhi 4 21. Halbi 2 37. Magahi 4 53. Sora 1
6. Bagri 1 22. Haryanvi 5 38. Maithili 3 54. Tai 1
7. Bengali 39 23. Hindi 14 39. Malayalam 8 55. Takri 1
8. Bhatri 2 24. Hindustani 1 40. Marathi 23 56. Tamang 1
9. Bhojpuri 7 25. Kachchi 2 41. Marwadi 2 57. Tamil 14
10. Bhotia 1 26. Kakbarak 1 42. Marwari 12 58. Telugu 17
11. Bhotsa 1 27. Kannada 15 43. Mewari 3 59. Tulu 4
12. Bundelkhandi 1 28. Kashmiri 2 44. Oriya 9 60. Urdu 32
13. Chhattisgarhi 2 29. Khadi Boli 1 45. Pahari 3 61. Vagri 1
14. Dhanki 1 30. Khotta 1 46. Panchpargania 1 62. Varli 1
15. Dhimal 1 31. Konkani 1 47. Punjabi 13 63. Wagdi 1

Details of names of the People groups under each language are given in the Table. This information gives us about
the number of People groups speak the same language.

Table 4 - Details of names of the People groups

FTTID People Group Bagri 41429 Kasar

Agri 41411 Bishnoi 41513 Keora
41394 Agri Bengali 41523 Khambu
Angika 41437 Aguri 41262 Khandait
41388 Gangauta 41288 Bagdi 41656 Konai
41355 Gonrhi 41534 Baidya 41421 Kondara
41427 Kaibartta 41298 Bairagi 41640 Mahimal
41596 Khangar 41533 Baiti 41241 Mahisyadas
41671 Markande 41580 Bathudi 41496 Mal
41563 Nagar 41408 Chain 41543 Mangar
Arain 41713 Chasadhobi 41637 Mayra
41495 Arain 41482 Chasoti 46272 Nai (Bengali)
Assamese 41447 Chunari 41645 Nikari
41714 Ganaka 41576 Deshwali 41572 Paliya
46184 Shaikh (Assamese) 41389 Gandha banik 41549 Patni
Awadhi 41236 Garia 41299 Pod
41401 Arakh 41428 Jalia Kaibarta 41621 Pundari
41559 Bhatiara 41500 Jhalo Malo 41290 Sadgop
41271 Darzi 41689 Kalu 41657 Samanthan
41644 Kaparia 41522 Kapali/Kodaga 41470 Sunri

31 | S e r v e - A - L a n g u a g e National Resource Center

 41311 Tanti 41256 Chotra Bansi Kuvi
41595 Tiyar 41431 Halba 41632 Jatapu
Bhatri Haryanvi Ladakhi
41615 Bhattra 41597 Dakaut 41579 Mangrik
41510 Bhottada 41273 Gadaria Lalung
Bhojpuri 41691 Od 41609 Lalung
41284 Bahna 41629 Rahghar Limbu
41294 Bhar 41518 Thathera 41643 Limbu
41336 Bharbhunja Hindi Magahi
41517 Dusar 41611 Ahar 41460 Ghatwar
41628 Kamkar/Kahar 41612 Aheria 41564 Mahur
46280 Nai (Bhojpuri) 41614 Alia 41445 Rajwar
46192 Shaikh (Bhojpuri) 41498 Baiga 46200 Shaikh (Magadi)
Bhotia 41539 Bharia Bhumia Maithili
41587 Bhutia 41639 Bhatta 41669 Bantar
Bhotsa 41419 Chhipa 46289 Nai (Maithili)
41709 Drukpa 41258 Kalwar 46197 Shaikh (Maithili)
Bundelkhandi 41393 Kirar Malayalam
41324 Koshti 46264 Nai (Hindi) 41695 Eluthassan
Chhattisgarhi 41720 Pargha 41544 Kanakkan
41547 Biar 41684 Satia 41247 Mappila
41310 Dhimar 41702 Soiri 41636 Marasari
Dhanki 41374 Taga 41257 Nayar
41506 Dhanka Hindustani 41725 Valan
Dhimal 41613 Jhojha 41537 Velakkithalanayan
41478 Dhimal Kachchi Malayalarn
Dogri 41560 Bhansala 41694 Nayadi
41652 Sood 41282 Samon Marathi
Gadiali Kakbarak 41516 Andh
41354 Rathia 41376 Tipera 41630 Dhanwar
Girasias Kannada 41606 Dhor
41610 Garasia 41385 Bant 41665 Giddidki
Gondi 41369 Bhovi 41591 Gondhali
41600 Pardhan 41586 Chalavadi 41391 Gowari
Gujarati 41467 Chaturtha 41723 Holar
41426 Dubia 41325 Gangakula 41551 Kathodi
41623 Garoda 41390 Gowda 41341 Khati
41313 Gosain 41661 Halwakki Wakkal 41550 Koli Dhor
41484 Kadia 41625 Kabliger 41370 Koli Mahadev
41356 Kadwa Patidar 41531 Kadu Kuruba 41554 Koli Malhar
41650 Kalota 41631 Korama 41442 Mairal
41603 Kir 41420 Kunchatiga 41674 Marati
41418 Lohana 46285 Nai (Kannada) 46283 Nai (Marathi)
41425 Machhi 41362 Sail 41708 Prabhu Kayastha
41601 Majji 41658 Sherugar 41424 Ramoshi
41681 Molesalam 41675 Somvanshi Kshatriya 41489 Rangrez
46286 Nai (Gujarati) Kashmiri 41404 Sainthwar
41318 Naikda 41528 Bafinda 41712 Samagara
41619 Pardhi 41568 Yashkun 46179 Shaikh (Marathi)
41512 Patel Khadi Boli 41365 Thakarda
41646 Pondara 46288 Nai (Khadi Boli) 41477 Thakur
41491 Ravalia Khotta Marwadi
46196 Shaikh (Gujarati) 41616 Khetauri 46287 Nai (Marwadi)
41314 Sutar Konkani 46185 Shaikh (Marwadi)
41501 Talabda 46204 Shaikh (Konkani) Marwari
41463 Turk kuru 41402 Bairwa
Halbi 41487 Yerukula 41514 Baori

National Resource Center 32 | S e r v e - A - L a n g u a g e

 41654 Dholi 41434 Karan 41466 Satani
41261 Khandelwal 41398 Kawar/Kalingi 41584 Segidi
41525 Kharva 41620 Rautia 46186 Shaikh (Telugu)
41302 Lewa 41511 Turi 41246 Telaga
41670 Merat Sambalpuri Tulu
41383 Rabari 41648 Binjhal 41468 Bunt
41413 Sadh Shekhawati 41593 Devadiga
41635 Sargara 41509 Charan 41683 Moger
41490 Sirvi Sindhi 41589 Nayinda
41435 Thori 41602 Bhatia Urdu
Mewari 41278 Kachhi 41450 Awan
41368 Daroga Sora 41660 Baloch
46203 Shaikh (Mewari) 41494 Paroja 41446 Bhisti
41540 Swami Tai 41707 Dhund
Oriya 41436 Ahom 41283 Faqir
41249 Barhai Takri 41507 Ghosi
41414 Bhandari 41340 Kanet 41337 Halwai
41711 Bhumia Tamang 41351 Kamboh
41476 Gauda 41545 Tamang 41530 Khoja
41666 Kampa Tamil 41349 Kunjra
41471 Kol 41381 Arunthathiyar 41430 Madari
41481 Kolha 41575 Idayar 41469 Makhmi
41622 Relli 41307 Kaikolar 41673 Mallik
46201 Shaikh (Oriya) 41688 Karaiyar 41396 Manihar
Pahari 41454 Kuravan 41372 Mawalud
41696 Barahar 41536 Lavaniyar 41459 Memon
41323 Bhat 41532 Malayali 41360 Moghal
41488 Sudhan 41686 Maraikayar 41508 Mussalli
Panchpargania 41303 Maravar 46273 Nai (Urdu)
41659 Bedia 41567 Mudaliyar 41627 Naiya
Punjabi 46284 Nai (Tamil) 41237 Pathan
41280 Arora 41439 Navithar 46349 Pathan (marwadi)
41358 Bania 41678 Pattanavan 46336 Pathan (urdu)
41377 Chhimba 41448 Tigala 41353 Qassab
41456 Doom Telugu 41367 Qazi
41334 Jhiwar 41668 Bagata 41557 Rawther
41279 Khatri 41338 Balija 41642 Sanyasi
41519 Mahatam 41305 Boya 41270 Sayyid
41499 Mirasi 41503 Devanga 46182 Shaikh (Kannada)
46278 Nai (Punjabi) 41598 Gandia 46183 Shaikh (Tamil)
41700 Raj 41641 Kalavantulu 46159 Shaikh (Urdu)
41387 Ramdasia 41577 Karnam 41556 Thulukkan
41335 Saini 41677 Konda Reddi Vagri
41312 Tarkhan 41397 Mangala 41277 Bhenrihar
Rathi 41692 Manne Varli
41562 Barela 41364 Munnur 41406 Varli
Sadri 46277 Nai (Telugu) Wagdi
41535 Bhogta 41417 Raju 41331 Idiga/Kalal

33 | S e r v e - A - L a n g u a g e National Resource Center

Distribution of Scheduled Languages and other related Languages

The list of the 22 Scheduled and 71 other related languages and 100 Non-Scheduled languages and 41 other
related languages. The table below is the data presented:

Table 5 - Scheduled Languages

Language/ Mother tongue Population

Language: ASSAMESE 27 Labani 22,162 2 Yerava 19,643
1 Assamese 12,778,735 28 Lamani 2,707,562 33,035,063
Language: BENGALI 29 Laria 67,697 Language: MANIPURI
1 Bengali 82,462,437 30 Lodhi 139,321 1 Manipuri 1,466,497
2 Chakma 176,458 31 Magadhi 13,978,565 Language: MARATHI
3 Haijong 63,188 32 Malvi 5,565,167 1 Marathi 71,701,478
4 Rajbangsi 82,570 33 Mandeali 611,930 Language: NEPALI
82,784,653 34 Marwari 7,936,183 1 Nepali 2,867,922
Language: BODO 35 Mewari 5,091,697 Language: ORIYA
1 Bodo 1,330,775 36 Mewati 645,291 1 Bhatri 216,940
Language: DOGRI 37 Nagpuria 1,242,586 2 Oriya 32,110,482
1 Dogri 2,282,547 38 Nimadi 2,148,146 3 Proja 92,774
39 Pahari 2,832,825 4 Relli 21,965
Language: GUJARATI
40 Panch Pargania 193,769 5 Sambalpuri 518,803
1 Gujarati 45,715,654
41 Pangwali 16,285 32,960,964
2 Gujrao 43,414
42 Pawari 425,745
3 Saurashtra 185,420 Language: PUNJABI
43 Rajasthani 18,355,613
45,944,488 1 Bagri 646,921
44 Sadan 2,044,776
Language: HINDI 2 Bilaspuri 179,511
45 Sirmauri 31,144
1 Awadhi 2,529,308 3 Punjabi 28,152,794
46 Sondwari 59,221
2 Bagheli 2,865,011 28,979,226
47 Sugali 160,736
3 Bagri Rajasthani 1,434,123 48 Surgujia 1,458,533
Language: SANSKRIT
4 Banjari 1,259,821 49 Surjapuri 1,217,019 1 Sanskrit 14,099
5 Bhadrawahi 66,918 407,271,376 Language: SANTALI
6 Bharmauri 66,246 1 Karmali 368,853
Language: KANNADA
7 Bhojpuri 33,099,497 2 Santali 5,943,679
1 Badaga 134,514
8 Brajbhasha 574,245 6,312,532
2 Kannada 37,742,232
9 Bundelkhandi 3,072,147 Language: SINDHI
3 Kuruba 14,613
10 Chambeali 126,589 1 Kachchhi 823,058
37,891,359
11 Chhattisgarhi 13,260,186 2 Sindhi 1,694,061
12 Churahi 61,199
Language: KASHMIRI
1 Kashmiri 5,362,349 2,517,119
13 Dhundhari 1,871,130 Language: TAMIL
14 Garhwali 2,267,314 2 Kishtwari 33,429
3 Siraji 87,179 1 Kaikadi 23,694
15 Gojri 762,332 2 Tamil 60,655,813
16 Harauti 2,462,867 5,482,957
Language: KONKANI 3 Yerukala 69,533
17 Haryanvi 7,997,192 60,749,040
18 Hindi 257,919,635 1 Konkani 2,420,140
2 Kudubi 10,192 Language: TELUGU
19 Jaunsari 114,733 1 Telugu 73,817,148
20 Kangri 1,122,843 3 Malwani 46,851
2,477,183 2 Vadari 171,725
21 Khairari 11,937 73,988,873
22 Khari Boli 47,730 Language: MAITHILI
1 Maithili 12,178,673 Mother tongue Population
23 Khortha 4,725,927
Language: MALAYALAM Language: URDU
24 Kulvi 170,770
Mother tongue Population 1 Urdu 51,533,954
25 Kumauni 2,003,783
26 Kurmali Thar 425,920 1 Malayalam 33,015,420
Source: Census of India 2001

34 | N a t i o n a l R e s o u r c e C e n t e r Serve-A-Language
Distribution of Non-Scheduled Languages and other related Languages

Table 6 - Non Scheduled Languages

No Mother Tongue Population 24 Halam 14,316 62 Maram 37,340

1 Adi 25 Hmar 83,404 63 Maring 22,326
1. Adi 97,012 26 Ho 1,037,987 64 Miri 551,182
2. Adi Gallong 61,887 27 Jatapu 39,319 65 Mishmi 17,283
3. Adi Miniyong17,274 28 Juang 23,708 66 Mogh 30,559
2 Afghani 11,086 29 Kabui 29,175 67 Monpa 51,035
3 Anal 21,420 1. Kabui Rongmei 61,197 68 Munda
4 Angami 49,685 30 Karbi 419,512 1. Kol 12,720
5 Ao 257,404 31 Khandeshi 2. Munda 426,820
6 Arabic 51,715 1. Ahirani 1,865,813 69 Mundari
7 Balti 20,051 2. Dangi 138,756 1. Mundari 1,046,951
8 Bhili/Bhilodi 3. Gujari 48,747 2. Mura 14,204
1. Baori 27,242 4. Khandeshi 17,413 70 Nicobarese 28,784
2. Barel 637,751 32 Kharia 237,479 71 Nissi
3. Bhilali 680,689 33 Khasi 1. Apatani 28,422
4. Bhili 3,313,481 1. Bhoi Khasi 14,882 2. Bangni 18,842
5. Chodhari 209,363 2. Khasi 828,545 3. Nissi 118,111
6. Dhodia 169,290 3. Pnar 243,441 4. Tagin 38,244
7. Gamti 283,697 4. War 25,886 72 Nocte 27,749
8. Garasia 51,183 34 Khezha 39,436 73 Paite 64,065
9. Kokna 110,602 35 Khiemnungan 37,755 74 Parji 45,310
10. Mawchi 99,474 36 Khond 115,330 75 Pawi 24,965
11. Paradhi 49,290 37 Kinnauri 64,817 76 Persian 11,688
12. Pawri 154,918 38 Kisan 141,088 77 Phom 122,508
13. Rathi 101,458 39 Koch 28,578 78 Pochury 16,728
14. Tadavi 99,348 40 Koda 36,528 79 Rabha 164,266
15. Varli 475,433 41 Kolami 121,855 80 Rai 10,446
16. Vasava 417,665 42 Kom 14,673 81 Rengma 61,345
17. Wagdi 2,510,811 43 Konda 45,428 82 Sangtam 84,171
9 Bhotia 44 Konyak 248,109 83 Savara 252,487
1. Bhotia 68,800 45 Korku 84 Sema 103,529
2. Zanskari 11,443 1. Korku 541,880 85 Sherpa 18,342
10 Bhumij 30,719 2. Muwasi 29,288 86 Shina 34,251
11 Bishnupuriya 72,899 46 Korwa 27,942 87 Simte 10,225
12 Chakhesang 11,415 47 Koya 362,070 88 Tamang 17,494
13 Chakru 83,560 48 Kui 915,392 89 Tangkhul 142,023
14 Chang 62,408 49 Kuki 47,856 90 Tangsa 12,604
15 Coorgi 166,187 50 Kurukh 1,737,044 91 Thado 186,471
16 Deori 27,960 51 Ladakhi 104,502 92 Tibetan 77,305
17 Dimasa 110,671 52 Lahauli 20,138 93 Tripuri
18 English 226,449 53 Lahnda 1. Kokbarak 761,964
19 Gadaba 26,082 1. Bahawalpuri 11,873 2. Reang 76,450
20 Gangte 14,394 2. Multani 56,096 3. Tripuri 15,002
21 Garo 885,522 3. Punchhi 19,871 94 Tulu 1,720,422
22 Gondi 54 Lakher 34,751 95 Vaiphei 39,673
1. Dorli 37,731 55 Lalung 27,072 96 Wancho 49,072
2. Gondi 2,505,247 56 Lepcha 50,629 97 Yimchungre
3. Kalari 26,797 57 Liangmei 34,077 1. Tikhir 16,828
4. Maria 88,984 58 Limbu 28,127 2. Yimchungre 72,030
5. Muria 16,620 59 Lotha 170,001 98 Zeliang 61,547
23 Halabi 592,501 60 Lushai 671,911 99 Zemi 34,102
61 Malto 83,050 100 Zou 20,857

Serve-A-Language N a t i o n a l R e s o u r c e C e n t e r | 35
Distribution of Scheduled and Non-Scheduled Languages by State

The data gives us the details about distribution of Scheduled and Non-Scheduled Languages by State. For
example Andhra Pradesh has two tables, 1. Scheduled Languages population 75,425,779 (98.97%) and 2. Non-
Scheduled Languages population 784,228 (1.03%) and total population is 76,210,007. The Table no. 7 gives the
breakup of these languages. We encourage you to see the data for your state and work accordingly.

Scheduled Languages Non Scheduled Languages Total

State/Union Territory
Population Percent Population Percent Population
1. Andaman & Nicobar Islands 301,381 84.62 54,771 15.38 356,152
2. Andhra Pradesh 75,425,779 98.97 784,228 1.03 76,210,007
3. Arunachal Pradesh 363,002 33.06 734,966 66.94 1,097,968
4. Assam 24,512,931 91.96 2,142,597 8.04 26,655,528
5. Bihar 82,821,007 99.79 177,502 0.21 82,998,509
6. Chandigarh 898,516 99.76 2,119 0.24 900,635
7. Chhattisgarh 18,862,901 90.54 1,970,902 9.46 20,833,803
8. Dadra & Nagar Haveli 130,137 59.02 90,353 40.98 220,490
9. Daman & Diu 154,180 97.46 4,024 2.54 158,204
10. Delhi 13,818,220 99.77 32,287 0.23 13,850,507
11. Goa 1,336,151 99.15 11,517 0.85 1,347,668
12. Gujarat 48,054,060 94.84 2,616,957 5.16 50,671,017
13. Haryana 21,100,316 99.79 44,248 0.21 21,144,564
14. Himachal Pradesh 5,938,162 97.70 139,738 2.30 6,077,900
15. Jammu & Kashmir 9,795,767 96.57 347,933 3.43 10,143,700
16. Jharkhand 24,130,955 89.55 2,814,874 10.45 26,945,829
17. Karnataka 50,865,780 96.24 1,984,782 3.76 52,850,562
18. Kerala 31,694,681 99.54 146,693 0.46 31,841,374
19. Lakshadweep 52,664 86.83 7,986 13.17 60,650
20. Madhya Pradesh 55,971,837 92.75 4,376,186 7.25 60,348,023
21. Maharashtra 92,285,750 95.26 4,592,877 4.74 96,878,627
22. Manipur 1,374,844 63.45 791,944 36.55 2,166,788
23. Meghalaya 384,236 16.57 1,934,586 83.43 2,318,822
24. Mizoram 111,181 12.51 777,392 87.49 888,573
25. Nagaland 195,543 9.83 1,794,493 90.17 1,990,036
26. Orissa 34,206,100 92.94 2,598,560 7.06 36,804,660
27. Pondicherry 973,075 99.87 1,270 0.13 974,345
28. Punjab 24,345,424 99.94 13,575 0.06 24,358,999
29. Rajasthan 53,821,529 95.25 2,685,659 4.75 56,507,188
30. Sikkim 390,170 72.14 150,681 27.86 540,851
31. Tamil Nadu 62,363,004 99.93 42,675 0.07 62,405,679
32. Tripura 2,266,280 70.84 932,923 29.16 3,199,203
33. Uttar Pradesh 166,156,553 99.98 41,368 0.02 166,197,921
34. Uttaranchal 8,459,227 99.65 30,122 0.35 8,489,349
35. West Bengal 79,683,746 99.39 492,451 0.61 80,176,197
Source: Census of India 2001

36 | N a t i o n a l R e s o u r c e C e n t e r Serve-A-Language
Distribution of Languages by States

Table 7 - Languages by States

No Language Population 1 Bengali 97,149 16 Maithili 4,346

1 Andaman & Nicobar 2 Nepali 94,919 17 Dogri 2,234
3 Hindi 81,186 18 Kannada 2,059
Scheduled Languages
4 Assamese 51,551 Non-Scheduled Languages
1 Bengali 91,582
5 Oriya 7,847 1 Miri/Mishing 517,170
2 Hindi 64,933
6 Bodo 6,515 2 Karbi / Mikir 406,160
3 Tamil 62,961
7 Malayalam 5,583 3 Garo 144,767
4 Telugu 45,631
8 Punjabi 2,980 4 Rabha 130,875
5 Malayalam 28,869
9 Maithili 2,836 5 Dimasa 108,133
6 Punjabi 1,825
10 Manipuri 2,082 6 Munda 93,088
7 Urdu 1,615
11 Santhali 2,042 7 Kurukh/Oraon 72,311
8 Marathi 1,294
12 Marathi 1,902 8 Bishnupuriya 53,812
Non-Scheduled Languages 13 Tamil 1,595 9 Khasi 34,617
1 Nicobarese 28,651 14 Telugu 1,573 10 Mundari 32,718
2 Kurukh/Oraon 13,759 15 Urdu 1,258 11 Lalung 26,480
3 Munda 4,582
Non-Scheduled Languages 12 Hmar 24,866
4 Kharia 4,090
1 Nissi/Dafla 208,337 13 Deori 23,366
2 Andhra Pradesh 2 Adi 193,379 14 Tripuri 17,380
Scheduled Languages 3 Monpa 55,428 15 Kuki 15,897
1 Telugu 63,904,791 4 Wancho 48,544 16 Zemi 15,515
2 Urdu 6,575,033 5 Tangsa 34,231 17 Sema 10,346
3 Hindi 2,464,194 6 Mishmi 33,522 18 Thado 8,744
4 Tamil 769,685 7 Miri/Mishing 33,381 19 Gondi 8,468
5 Marathi 609,200 8 Nocte 32,591 20 Koch 8,451
6 Kannada 565,574 9 Tibetan 9,527 21 Kharia 6,108
7 Oriya 336,022 10 Deori 4,504 22 Halam 6,012
8 Malayalam 62,214 11 Rai 3,862 23 Lushai/Mizo 3,397
9 Gujarati 48,056 12 Munda 3,132 24 Kabui 3,380
10 Bengali 41,293 13 Mundari 2,104 25 Adi 2,878
11 Punjabi 23,838 14 Karbi / Mikir 1,246 26 Rengma 2,492
12 Sindhi 10,320 15 Lushai/Mizo 1,154 27 Bhumij 2,113
13 Nepali 8,233 16 Kurukh/Oraon 1,132 28 Ao 1,887
14 Konkani 3,129 17 Tamang 1,027 29 Tangsa 1,798
15 Sanskrit 1,340 4 Assam 30 Arabic/Arbi 1,739
31 English 1,736
Non-Scheduled Languages Scheduled Languages 32 Nissi/Dafla 1,586
1 Gondi 275,379 1 Assamese 13,010,478 33 Kisan 1,475
2 Koya 248,095 2 Bengali 7,343,338 34 Lotha 1,370
3 Savara 74,788 3 Hindi 1,569,662 35 Tibetan 1,142
4 Konda 54,612 4 Bodo 1,296,162
5 Jatapu 39,312 5 Nepali 564,790
6 Kolami 31,490 6 Santhali 242,886 5 Bihar
7 Gadaba 10,782 7 Oriya 231,474 Scheduled Languages
8 English 10,281 8 Manipuri 154,059 1 Hindi 60,635,284
9 Khond/Kondh 5,663 9 Punjabi 30,763 2 Maithili 11,830,868
10 Lahnda 4,026 10 Telugu 27,463 3 Urdu 9,457,548
11 Bhili/Bhilodi 1,438 11 Malayalam 8,141 4 Bengali 443,426
12 Kui 1,173 12 Gujarati 6,911 5 Santhali 386,248
13 Arabic/Arbi 1,085 13 Marathi 6,303 6 Nepali 18,763
3 Arunachal Pradesh 14 Tamil 5,672 7 Marathi 14,002
15 Urdu 4,715 8 Punjabi 13,600
Scheduled Languages

Serve-A-Language N a t i o n a l R e s o u r c e C e n t e r | 37
 9 Oriya 6,010 9 English 1,450 7 Afghani/Kabuli 1,062
10 Gujarati 3,429 10 Bhili/Bhilodi 1,295 11 Goa
11 Sindhi 3,251 11 Tibetan 1,154
Scheduled Languages
12 Malayalam 2,674 8 Dadra & Nagar Haveli
13 Tamil 1,453 1 Konkani 769,888
14 Telugu 1,378 Scheduled Languages 2 Marathi 304,208
1 Gujarati 52,074 3 Hindi 76,775
Non-Scheduled Languages 4 Kannada 74,615
2 Hindi 33,237
1 Kurukh/Oraon 59,003 5 Urdu 54,163
3 Konkani 22,795
2 Arabic/Arbi 18,030 6 Malayalam 15,081
4 Marathi 11,597
3 Mundari 9,937 7 Telugu 11,926
5 Malayalam 1,839
4 English 4,534 8 Gujarati 9,273
6 Oriya 1,801
5 Munda 3,410 9 Tamil 7,903
7 Bengali 1,382
6 Ho 1,820 10 Bengali 4,111
8 Nepali 1,030
7 Persian 1,350 11 Oriya 2,681
Non-Scheduled Languages
6 Chandigarh 1 Bhili/Bhilodi 89,132 12 Nepali 2,135
Scheduled Languages 13 Punjabi 1,815
9 Daman & Diu
1 Hindi 608,218 Non-Scheduled Languages
2 Punjabi 251,224 Scheduled Languages 1 English 8,190
3 Urdu 7,254 1 Gujarati 107,090
2 Hindi 30,754 12 Gujarat
4 Tamil 5,716
3 Marathi 6,763 Scheduled Languages
5 Bengali 5,491
6 Nepali 5,390 4 Oriya 2,072 1 Gujarati 42,768,386
7 Gujarati 3,461 5 Bengali 1,810 2 Hindi 2,388,814
8 Malayalam 2,356 6 Nepali 1,407 3 Sindhi 958,787
9 Kashmiri 1,677 7 Malayalam 1,166 4 Marathi 764,002
10 Oriya 1,508 Non-Scheduled Languages 5 Urdu 550,630
11 Telugu 1,380 1 English 1,020 6 Konkani 190,557
12 Marathi 1,308 7 Oriya 122,421
10 Delhi 8 Telugu 68,743
13 Maithili 1,248
Scheduled Languages 9 Malayalam 67,838
7 Chhattisgarh 1 Hindi 11,210,843 10 Punjabi 55,810
Scheduled Languages 2 Punjabi 988,980 11 Bengali 40,780
1 Hindi 17,210,481 3 Urdu 874,333 12 Tamil 37,092
2 Oriya 819,098 4 Bengali 208,414 13 Nepali 17,123
3 Bengali 208,669 5 Tamil 92,426 14 Kannada 15,684
4 Telugu 148,131 6 Malayalam 92,009 15 Maithili 3,550
5 Marathi 140,623 7 Maithili 85,331 16 Assamese 1,576
6 Sindhi 89,325 8 Gujarati 45,145 Non-Scheduled Languages
7 Urdu 88,008 9 Nepali 44,367 1 Bhili/Bhilodi 2,405,663
8 Punjabi 67,293 10 Sindhi 42,841 2 Khandeshi 152,096
9 Gujarati 38,916 11 Oriya 29,178 3 English 5,878
10 Malayalam 26,319 12 Telugu 28,067 4 Gondi 2,545
11 Tamil 13,241 13 Marathi 26,472 5 Halabi 1,108
12 Maithili 6,293 14 Kashmiri 21,325
13 Haryana
13 Nepali 3,424 15 Kannada 10,525
14 Kannada 1,435 16 Dogri 6,974 Scheduled Languages
Non-Scheduled Languages 17 Assamese 6,329 1 Hindi 18,460,843
1 Gondi 894,806 18 Manipuri 2,020 2 Punjabi 2,234,626
2 Halabi 544,874 19 Konkani 1,767 3 Urdu 260,687
3 Kurukh/Oraon 444,008 Non-Scheduled Languages 4 Bengali 39,199
4 Parji 39,498 1 Lahnda 6,312 5 Nepali 20,362
5 Korwa 6,870 2 English 5,111 6 Malayalam 13,989
6 Korku 6,356 3 Tibetan 1,593 7 Maithili 11,799
7 Kharia 3,769 4 Kurukh/Oraon 1,378 8 Oriya 10,932
8 Munda 2,829 5 Arabic/Arbi 1,194 9 Tamil 10,207
6 Munda 1,128 10 Marathi 8,794

38 | N a t i o n a l R e s o u r c e C e n t e r Serve-A-Language
 11 Telugu 6,248 3 Khandeshi 24,767 14 Nepali 10,038
12 Gujarati 5,734 4 Lahnda 22,224 15 Assamese 1,925
13 Sindhi 5,510 5 Balti 19,240 16 Kashmiri 1,586
14 Kashmiri 3,717 6 Halam 13,049 Non-Scheduled Languages
15 Dogri 2,613 7 Bhotia 12,930 1 Tulu 1,495,273
16 Kannada 2,062 8 Bhili/Bhilodi 8,483 2 Coorgi/Kodagu 164,403
17 Assamese 2,048 9 Afghani/Kabuli/P 7,395 3 Tibetan 27,736
Non-Scheduled Languages 10 Tibetan 6,390 4 English 17,773
1 Lahnda 26,985 11 Tangsa 1,683 5 Arabic/Arbi 2,700
2 Munda 5,494 16 Jharkhand 6 Bhili/Bhilodi 1,596
3 English 1,290 Scheduled Languages 18 Kerala
14 Himachal Pradesh 1 Hindi 15,510,587 Scheduled Languages
Scheduled Languages 2 Santhali 2,879,576 1 Malayalam 30,803,747
1 Hindi 5,409,758 3 Bengali 2,607,601 2 Tamil 596,971
2 Punjabi 364,175 4 Urdu 2,324,411 3 Kannada 81,406
3 Nepali 70,272 5 Oriya 467,874 4 Konkani 61,376
4 Kashmiri 50,192 6 Maithili 141,184 5 Telugu 48,633
5 Dogri 18,777 7 Punjabi 86,596 6 Marathi 31,845
6 Urdu 4,787 8 Telugu 35,957 7 Hindi 26,386
7 Bengali 4,772 9 Gujarati 17,926 8 Gujarati 17,741
8 Oriya 3,990 10 Nepali 17,326 9 Urdu 13,492
9 Gujarati 2,779 11 Marathi 14,513 10 Bengali 3,387
10 Maithili 2,015 12 Tamil 12,913 11 Oriya 3,032
11 Marathi 1,679 13 Malayalam 8,783 12 Nepali 2,715
12 Malayalam 1,231 14 Sindhi 2,074 13 Punjabi 1,668
13 Telugu 1,176 15 Kannada 1,022 14 Sindhi 1,205
14 Tamil 1,066 Non-Scheduled Languages Non-Scheduled Languages
Non-Scheduled Languages 1 Kurukh/Oraon 861,843 1 Tulu 122,995
1 Kinnauri 64,293 2 Mundari 860,275 2 English 5,087
2 Lahauli 20,339 3 Ho 782,078 3 Arabic/Arbi 1,245
3 Tibetan 18,112 4 Kharia 123,483
19 Lakshadweep
4 Bhotia 8,975 5 Malto 82,541
6 Munda 38,871 Scheduled Languages
5 Bhili/Bhilodi 2,840
6 Khandeshi 1,573 7 Bhumij 6,935 1 Malayalam 51,555
8 Koda/Kora 4,972 20 Madhya Pradesh
15 Jammu & Kashmir 9 Arabic/Arbi 3,531
Scheduled Languages Scheduled Languages
10 English 2,370
1 Kashmiri 5,425,733 1 Hindi 52,658,687
11 Persian 2,048
2 Dogri 2,205,560 2 Marathi 1,266,038
12 Gondi 1,705
3 Hindi 1,870,264 3 Urdu 1,186,364
13 Korwa 1,227
4 Punjabi 190,675 4 Sindhi 259,226
17 Karnataka 5 Gujarati 198,140
5 Marathi 14,432
6 Bengali 14,416 Scheduled Languages 6 Punjabi 148,999
7 Urdu 13,251 1 Kannada 34,838,035 7 Bengali 105,399
8 Malayalam 10,063 2 Urdu 5,539,910 8 Malayalam 48,515
9 Tamil 9,494 3 Telugu 3,698,657 9 Telugu 26,602
10 Oriya 9,087 4 Marathi 1,892,783 10 Tamil 24,848
5 Tamil 1,874,959 11 Oriya 20,965
11 Nepali 8,199
12 Telugu 7,509 6 Hindi 1,344,877 12 Nepali 10,923
13 Assamese 6,070 7 Konkani 768,039 13 Kannada 6,526
14 Kannada 4,418 8 Malayalam 701,673 14 Dogri 3,410
15 Gujarati 3,936 9 Gujarati 102,195 15 Maithili 2,687
10 Bengali 41,256 16 Assamese 1,240
Non-Scheduled Languages 17 Kashmiri 1,116
11 Oriya 16,529
1 Ladakhi 101,466
12 Punjabi 15,572 Non-Scheduled Languages
2 Shina 34,206
13 Sindhi 14,694 1 Bhili/Bhilodi 2,973,201

Serve-A-Language N a t i o n a l R e s o u r c e C e n t e r | 39
 2 Gondi 925,417 7 Punjabi 1,438 Non-Scheduled Languages
3 Korku 372,224 8 Malayalam 1,231 1 Lushai/Mizo 650,605
4 Khandeshi 24,985 Non-Scheduled Languages 2 Lakher 34,731
5 Korwa 12,597 1 Thado 178,696 3 Pawi 24,900
6 Lahnda 6,865 2 Tangkhul 139,979 4 Tripuri 17,580
7 Munda 3,059 3 Kabui 87,950 5 Paite 14,367
8 English 2,714 4 Paite 48,379 6 Hmar 14,240
9 Kurukh/Oraon 2,271 5 Hmar 43,137 7 Bhotia 3,254
10 Lahauli 1,922 6 Vaiphei 37,553 25 Nagaland
11 Halabi 1,779 7 Liangmei 32,787
12 Arabic/Arbi 1,707 Scheduled Languages
8 Anal 22,187
1 Bengali 58,890
9 Maring 22,154
2 Hindi 56,981
21 Maharashtra 10 Zou 20,626
3 Nepali 34,222
11 Kom 14,558
Scheduled Languages 4 Assamese 16,813
12 Gangte 13,752
1 Marathi 66,643,942 5 Manipuri 6,927
13 Kuki 12,900
2 Hindi 10,681,641 6 Bodo 4,874
14 Simte 10,028
3 Urdu 6,895,501 7 Oriya 3,952
15 Zemi 8,097
4 Gujarati 2,315,409 8 Malayalam 3,901
16 Lushai/Mizo 6,825
5 Telugu 1,405,958 9 Marathi 1,533
17 Tripuri 3,182
6 Kannada 1,254,519 10 Tamil 1,441
18 Chakhesang 1,768
7 Sindhi 709,224 11 Punjabi 1,362
19 Maram 1,672
8 Konkani 658,259 12 Telugu 1,286
20 Bishnupuriya 1,457
9 Tamil 527,995 21 Ao 1,148 Non-Scheduled Languages
10 Malayalam 406,358 1 Ao 257,500
11 Bengali 310,137 23 Meghalaya 2 Konyak 248,002
12 Punjabi 269,309 Scheduled Languages 3 Lotha 168,356
13 Oriya 93,990 1 Bengali 185,692 4 Angami 131,737
14 Nepali 63,480 2 Nepali 52,155 5 Phom 122,454
15 Maithili 37,525 3 Hindi 50,055 6 Sema 92,884
16 Kashmiri 5,344 4 Marathi 38,638 7 Yimchungre 92,092
17 Assamese 2,516 5 Assamese 36,576 8 Sangtam 84,150
18 Dogri 1,978 6 Punjabi 4,753 9 Chakru/Chokri 83,506
19 Manipuri 1,665 7 Manipuri 3,522 10 Chang 62,347
Non-Scheduled Languages 8 Bodo 3,470 11 Zeliang 61,492
1 Khandeshi 1,866,460 9 Urdu 2,531 12 Rengma 58,590
2 Bhili/Bhilodi 1,490,691 10 Malayalam 2,000 13 Khezha 40,362
3 Gondi 543,120 11 Oriya 1,243 14 Khiemnungan 37,752
4 Korku 195,655 Non-Scheduled Languages 15 Kuki 16,846
5 Tulu 99,729 1 Khasi 1,091,087 16 Pochury 16,681
6 English 96,486 2 Garo 728,424 17 Zemi 10,462
7 Kolami 90,271 3 Maram 35,536 18 Chakhesang 9,544
8 Halabi 29,503 4 Rabha 22,395 19 Dimasa 3,504
9 Korwa 12,888 5 Koch 20,834 20 Kabui 3,022
10 Kurukh/Oraon 10,189 6 Karbi / Mikir 11,789 21 Garo 1,838
11 Lahnda 7,087 7 Lushai/Mizo 4,251 22 Liangmei 1,295
12 Arabic/Arbi 4,071 8 Thado 1,989 23 Tangkhul 1,143
13 Persian 1,696 24 Tangsa 1,126
24 Mizoram
22 Manipur 26 Orissa
Scheduled Languages
Scheduled Languages 1 Bengali 80,389 Scheduled Languages
1 Manipuri 1,266,098 2 Hindi 10,530 1 Oriya 30,563,507
2 Nepali 45,998 3 Nepali 8,948 2 Hindi 1,043,243
3 Bengali 27,100 4 Santhali 4,677 3 Telugu 712,614
4 Hindi 24,720 5 Manipuri 1,825 4 Santhali 699,270
5 Tamil 2,279 6 Malayalam 1,322 5 Urdu 611,509
6 Assamese 1,456 6 Bengali 490,857

40 | N a t i o n a l R e s o u r c e C e n t e r Serve-A-Language
 7 Punjabi 21,574 14 Maithili 3,277 5 Malayalam 557,705
8 Gujarati 15,820 15 Assamese 2,980 6 Gujarati 202,621
9 Malayalam 10,440 16 Kashmiri 2,411 7 Hindi 189,474
10 Nepali 9,927 8 Marathi 60,614
11 Marathi 8,863 9 Bengali 8,805
Non-Scheduled Languages
12 Tamil 8,709 10 Sindhi 7,375
1 Lahnda 6,882
13 Konkani 3,280 11 Oriya 6,154
2 English 1,394
14 Sindhi 2,568 12 Punjabi 5,696
3 Khandeshi 1,072
15 Maithili 2,016 13 Konkani 4,657
Non-Scheduled Languages 29 Rajasthan 14 Nepali 4,323
1 Kui 914,953 Scheduled Languages Non-Scheduled Languages
2 Ho 253,235 1 Hindi 51,407,216 1 English 25,151
3 Munda 240,425 2 Punjabi 1,141,200 2 Tulu 1,872
4 Savara 172,288 3 Urdu 662,983
32 Tripura
5 Kisan 139,428 4 Sindhi 380,430
6 Malto 139,233 5 Gujarati 57,048 Scheduled Languages
7 Mundari 119,573 6 Bengali 54,172 1 Bengali 2,147,994
8 Koya 113,668 7 Malayalam 33,975 2 Hindi 53,691
9 Khond/Kondh 112,223 8 Marathi 19,361 3 Oriya 23,899
10 Kharia 92,623 9 Oriya 13,347 4 Manipuri 20,716
11 Kurukh/Oraon 74,346 10 Tamil 11,852 5 Telugu 3,812
12 Gondi 57,064 11 Nepali 10,569 6 Nepali 3,377
13 Bhumij 31,510 12 Telugu 8,467 7 Santhali 2,625
14 Juang 23,701 13 Maithili 7,447 8 Malayalam 1,747
15 Halabi 16,102 14 Dogri 3,986 9 Punjabi 1,637
16 Gadaba 15,126 15 Kannada 3,243 10 Tamil 1,312
17 Parji 10,310 16 Assamese 2,261 11 Assamese 1,209
18 Koda/Kora 3,145 17 Kashmiri 1,554 12 Gujarati 1,168
19 Tibetan 1,694 Non-Scheduled Languages Non-Scheduled Languages
20 English 1,498 1 Bhili/Bhilodi 2,600,933 1 Tripuri 814,375
27 Pondicherry 2 Lahnda 8,636 2 Mogh 28,850
3 English 2,389 3 Bishnupuriya 21,716
Scheduled Languages 4 Halam 17,990
1 Tamil 861,502 30 Sikkim
5 Garo 11,312
2 Telugu 50,908 Scheduled Languages 6 Munda 8,230
3 Malayalam 42,782 1 Nepali 338,606 7 Kuki 5,003
4 Urdu 7,092 2 Hindi 36,072 8 Lushai/Mizo 4,971
5 Hindi 4,357 3 Bengali 6,320 9 Kurukh/Oraon 4,878
6 Kannada 1,566 4 Urdu 2,930 10 Savara 2,155
7 Bengali 1,180 5 Punjabi 1,364 11 Bhili/Bhilodi 1,013
8 Gujarati 1,180 6 Malayalam 1,021
33 Uttar Pradesh
28 Punjab Non-Scheduled Languages
Scheduled Languages
Scheduled Languages 1 Bhotia 41,825
1 Hindi 151,770,131
1 Punjabi 22,334,369 2 Lepcha 35,728
2 Urdu 13,272,080
2 Hindi 1,851,128 3 Limbu 34,292
3 Punjabi 523,094
3 Urdu 27,660 4 Sherpa 13,922
4 Nepali 263,982
4 Bengali 20,655 5 Tamang 10,089
5 Bengali 181,634
5 Nepali 19,778 6 Rai 8,856
6 Sindhi 34,330
6 Dogri 18,034 7 Tibetan 1,977
7 Malayalam 19,683
7 Tamil 12,339 31 Tamil Nadu 8 Oriya 15,052
8 Marathi 12,117 9 Tamil 13,665
Scheduled Languages
9 Malayalam 10,669 10 Marathi 13,074
1 Tamil 55,798,916
10 Oriya 10,345 11 Gujarati 8,169
2 Telugu 3,527,594
11 Telugu 7,296 12 Assamese 7,922
3 Kannada 1,045,238
12 Gujarati 7,040 13 Telugu 7,645
4 Urdu 942,299
13 Kannada 4,001

Serve-A-Language N a t i o n a l R e s o u r c e C e n t e r | 41
 14 Maithili 7,224 15 Maithili 1,646 19 Kashmiri 1,084
15 Sanskrit 7,048 Non-Scheduled Languages 20 Manipuri 1,075
16 Dogri 4,464 1 Tibetan 6,712 Non-Scheduled Languages
17 Kashmiri 3,153 2 Bhotia 6,217 1 Kurukh/Oraon 201,309
18 Kannada 2,799 3 Khandeshi 2,952 2 Munda 61,862
Non-Scheduled Languages 4 Lahnda 1,178 3 Koda/Kora 33,218
1 English 11,163 5 English 1,107 4 Mundari 32,571
2 Arabic/Arbi 8,493 5 English 15,681
35 West Bengal
3 Kurukh/Oraon 2,223 6 Lepcha 14,731
4 Gondi 1,864 Scheduled Languages 7 Rabha 10,967
5 Munda 1,109 1 Bengali 68,369,255 8 Kharia 7,276
2 Hindi 5,747,099 9 Tibetan 7,107
34 Uttaranchal
3 Santhali 2,247,113 10 Bhotia 6,508
Scheduled Languages 4 Urdu 1,653,739 11 Bhumij 6,304
1 Hindi 7,466,413 5 Nepali 1,022,725 12 Tamang 4,897
2 Urdu 497,081 6 Telugu 208,769 13 Ho 4,235
3 Punjabi 247,084 7 Oriya 186,391 14 Persian 3,670
4 Bengali 123,190 8 Punjabi 67,952 15 Arabic/Arbi 2,913
5 Nepali 91,047 9 Gujarati 46,926 16 Sherpa 2,902
6 Sindhi 5,266 10 Bodo 37,654 17 Limbu 2,377
7 Dogri 4,705 11 Maithili 22,064 18 Malto 1,961
8 Kashmiri 4,175 12 Tamil 20,238 19 Savara 1,696
9 Oriya 3,488 13 Malayalam 17,043 20 Koch 1,583
10 Malayalam 2,870 14 Marathi 15,176 21 Garo 1,457
11 Gujarati 2,773 15 Assamese 7,835 22 Rai 1,137
12 Marathi 2,769 16 Sindhi 5,749
13 Tamil 2,215 17 Kannada 2,755
14 Telugu 1,882 18 Dogri 2,006
(Source: Census of India 2001)

Hindi Language and other related Languages

Hindi is the predominant language in the Indian states and union territories of Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Delhi,
Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand. Linguistic
scholars refer to this area as the Hindi belt. Outside these areas, Hindi is widely spoken in cities like Mumbai,
Chandigarh, Ahmedabad and Hyderabad, all of which have their own native languages but harbour large
communities of people from various parts of India. Census of India has listed 47 languages as Mother Tongue /
related languages under Hindi. Therefore we have given these 47 languages by states.

ID Language Population in the State

1 Hindi Uttar Pradesh - (114,240,698), Madhya Pradesh - (37,063,114), Bihar - (28,932,836), Rajasthan -
(17,110,759), Haryana - (14,629,983), Delhi - (7,587,537), Maharashtra - (4,244,840), West Bengal -
(3,589,858), Punjab - (1,460,836), Gujarat - (1,052,204), Himachal Pradesh - (1,032,369), Assam -
(769,076), Chandigarh - (382,923), Andhra Pradesh - (366,441), Orissa - (301,112), Karnataka - (270,280),
Tamil Nadu - (135,418), Tripura - (39,180),
2 Awadhi Uttar Pradesh - (470,180), Bihar - (4,095), Madhya Pradesh - (3,917)
3 Bagheli/Baghel Madhya Pradesh - (1,386,953)
4 Bagri Rajasthani Rajasthan - (593,294)
5 Banjari Maharashtra - (768,162), Madhya Pradesh - (89,125), Andhra Pradesh - (19,692), Karnataka - (3,932),
Orissa - (3,742),
6 Bharmauri/Gaddi Himachal Pradesh - (18,919)
7 Bhojpuri Bihar - (15,869,423), Uttar Pradesh - (6,806,047), Assam - (115,918), Madhya Pradesh - (101,033),
Maharashtra - (67,008), West Bengal - (50,344), Delhi - (20,886), Arunachal Pradesh - (17,514), Rajasthan

42 | N a t i o n a l R e s o u r c e C e n t e r Serve-A-Language
ID Language Population in the State
- (10,573), Haryana - (7,037), Gujarat - (6,207), Orissa - (5,949)
8 Braj Bhasha Rajasthan - (56,242), Uttar Pradesh - (19,834), Madhya Pradesh - (5,995)
9 Bundeli/BundelKhandi Madhya Pradesh - (1,538,302), Uttar Pradesh - (114,727), Maharashtra - (3,312),
10 Chambeali Himachal Pradesh - (63,399)
11 Chhattisgarhi Madhya Pradesh - (10,398,816), Maharashtra - (86,722), Orissa - (83,785), Bihar - (17,629)
12 Churahi Himachal Pradesh - (45,093)
13 Dhundhari Rajasthan - (964,954)
14 Garhwali Uttar Pradesh - (1,829,530), Delhi - (19,251), Maharashtra - (5,175), Madhya Pradesh - (3,605), Himachal
Pradesh - (2,337), Haryana - (2,325), Chandigarh - (2,095)
15 Harauti Rajasthan - (1,235,077)
16 Haryanvi Haryana - (325,591), Rajasthan - (17,306), Delhi - (4,681), Madhya Pradesh - (2,884), Maharashtra -
(2,477)
17 Jaunsari Uttar Pradesh - (96,932)
18 Kangri Himachal Pradesh - (485,137)
19 Khairari Rajasthan - (14,289)
20 Khortha/Khotta Bihar - (974,800), West Bengal - (73,757)
21 Kulvi Himachal Pradesh - (152,267)
22 Kumauni Uttar Pradesh - (1,701,845), Delhi - (6,407)
23 Kurmali Thar West Bengal - (212,983), Orissa - (21,984)
24 Labani Maharashtra - (8,660)
25 Lamani/Lambadi Andhra Pradesh - (1,292,662), Karnataka - (547,797), Maharashtra - (202,077), Tamil Nadu - (7,414), Goa
- (3,690)
26 Laria Orissa - (61,920), Madhya Pradesh - (2,959)
27 Lodhi Madhya Pradesh - (37,585), Maharashtra - (30,528)
28 Magadhi/Magahi Bihar - (10,557,067), Madhya Pradesh - (4,709), West Bengal - (2,120),
29 Maithili Bihar - (7,717,336), Delhi - (10,496), West Bengal - (10,215), Maharashtra - (8,197), Madhya Pradesh -
(5,313), Uttar Pradesh - (3,494), Rajasthan - (2,010)
30 Malvi Madhya Pradesh - (2,727,977), Rajasthan - (241,032)
31 Mandeali Himachal Pradesh - (440,164)
32 Marwari Rajasthan - (3,828,472), Maharashtra - (494,580), Gujarat - (116,398), Madhya Pradesh - (57,104), Bihar -
(45,344), Andhra Pradesh - (35,809), Karnataka - (30,821), West Bengal - (26,006), Orissa - (9,865), Tamil
Nadu - (8,107), Assam - (6,371), Uttar Pradesh - (4,586)
33 Mewari Rajasthan - (2,075,532), Madhya Pradesh - (29,352), Maharashtra - (9,209)
34 Mewati Rajasthan - (96,831), Haryana - (5,152)
35 Nagpuria Bihar - (774,090)
36 Nimadi Madhya Pradesh - (1,416,285), Maharashtra - (3,689)
37 Pahari Himachal Pradesh - (2,165,562), Uttar Pradesh - (2,092), West Bengal - (2,080)
38 Panch Pargania Bihar - (151,573)
39 Pangwali Himachal Pradesh - (14,780)
40 Pawari/Powari Madhya Pradesh - (141,830), Maharashtra - (71,964)
41 Rajasthani Rajasthan - (13,098,078), Maharashtra - (56,801), Madhya Pradesh - (35,650), Gujarat - (34,883), Delhi -
(23,955), Bihar - (16,383), Karnataka - (10,723), West Bengal - (8,543), Uttar Pradesh - (7,391), Andhra
Pradesh - (7,313), Assam - (6,593), Tamil Nadu - (5,435)
42 Sadan/Sadri Bihar - (521,590), West Bengal - (371,655), Madhya Pradesh - (306,363), Orissa - (248,089), Assam -
(104,567), Andaman & Nicobar Isl - (12,166), Arunachal Pradesh - (2,423)
43 Sanori Himachal Pradesh - (11,358)
44 Sirmauri Himachal Pradesh - (18,218)
45 Sondwari Madhya Pradesh - (29,947), Rajasthan - (7,948)
46 Sugali Andhra Pradesh - (113,415)
47 Surgujia Madhya Pradesh - (1,044,973)
48 Surjapuri Bihar - (267,211), West Bengal - (103,321)

Serve-A-Language N a t i o n a l R e s o u r c e C e n t e r | 43
Distribution of Languages in the States

The Table below gives the data about language which are found in differnet states. For example - Bengali is state language of West
Bengal but spoken in Assam and other states. West Bengal 68,369,255, Assam 7,343,338, Jharkhand 2,607,601, Tripura 2,147,994 so on

No Language/ State Population 13 Madhya Pradesh 105,399 1 Nagaland 83,506

1 Adi 14 Arunachal Pradesh 97,149 17 Chang
1 Arunachal Pradesh 193,379 15 Andaman & 91,582 1 Nagaland 62,347
2 Assam 2,878 16 Mizoram 80,389 18 Coorgi/Kodagu
2 Afghani/Kabuli 17 Nagaland 58,890 1 Karnataka 164,403
1 Jammu & Kashmir 7,395 18 Rajasthan 54,172 19 Deori
2 Delhi 1,062 19 Andhra Pradesh 41,293 1 Assam 23,366
3 Anal 20 Karnataka 41,256 2 Arunachal Pradesh 4,504
1 Manipur 22,187 21 Gujarat 40,780 20 Dimasa
4 Angami 22 Haryana 39,199 1 Assam 108,133
1 Nagaland 131,737 23 Manipur 27,100 2 Nagaland 3,504
5 Ao 24 Punjab 20,655 21 Dogri
1 Nagaland 257,500 25 Jammu & Kashmir 14,416 1 Jammu & Kashmir 2,205,560
2 Assam 1,887 26 Tamil Nadu 8,805 2 Himachal Pradesh 18,777
3 Manipur 1,148 27 Sikkim 6,320 3 Punjab 18,034
6 Arabic/Arbi 28 Chandigarh 5,491 4 Delhi 6,974
1 Bihar 18,030 29 Himachal Pradesh 4,772 5 Uttaranchal 4,705
2 Uttar Pradesh 8,493 30 Goa 4,111 6 Uttar Pradesh 4,464
3 Maharashtra 4,071 31 Kerala 3,387 7 Rajasthan 3,986
4 Jharkhand 3,531 32 Daman & Diu 1,810 8 Madhya Pradesh 3,410
5 West Bengal 2,913 33 Dadra & Nagar 1,382 9 Haryana 2,613
6 Karnataka 2,700 34 Pondicherry 1,180 10 Assam 2,234
7 Assam 1,739 10 Bhili/Bhilodi 11 West Bengal 2,006
8 Madhya Pradesh 1,707 1 Madhya Pradesh 2,973,201 12 Maharashtra 1,978
9 Kerala 1,245 2 Rajasthan 2,600,933 22 English
10 Delhi 1,194 3 Gujarat 2,405,663 1 Maharashtra 96,486
11 Andhra Pradesh 1,085 4 Maharashtra 1,490,691 2 Tamil Nadu 25,151
7 Assamese 5 Dadra & Nagar 89,132 3 Karnataka 17,773
1 Assam 13,010,478 6 Jammu & Kashmir 8,483 4 West Bengal 15,681
2 Arunachal Pradesh 51,551 7 Himachal Pradesh 2,840 5 Uttar Pradesh 11,163
3 Meghalaya 36,576 8 Karnataka 1,596 6 Andhra Pradesh 10,281
4 Nagaland 16,813 9 Andhra Pradesh 1,438 7 Goa 8,190
5 Uttar Pradesh 7,922 10 Chhattisgarh 1,295 8 Gujarat 5,878
6 West Bengal 7,835 11 Tripura 1,013 9 Delhi 5,111
7 Delhi 6,329 11 Bhotia 10 Kerala 5,087
8 Jammu & Kashmir 6,070 1 Sikkim 41,825 11 Bihar 4,534
9 Punjab 2,980 2 Jammu & Kashmir 12,930 12 Madhya Pradesh 2,714
10 Maharashtra 2,516 3 Himachal Pradesh 8,975 13 Rajasthan 2,389
11 Rajasthan 2,261 4 West Bengal 6,508 14 Jharkhand 2,370
12 Haryana 2,048 5 Uttaranchal 6,217 15 Assam 1,736
13 Karnataka 1,925 6 Mizoram 3,254 16 Orissa 1,498
14 Gujarat 1,576 12 Bhumij 17 Chhattisgarh 1,450
15 Manipur 1,456 1 Orissa 31,510 18 Punjab 1,394
16 Madhya Pradesh 1,240 2 Jharkhand 6,935 19 Haryana 1,290
17 Tripura 1,209 3 West Bengal 6,304 20 Uttaranchal 1,107
8 Balti 4 Assam 2,113 21 Daman & Diu 1,020
1 Jammu & Kashmir 19,240 13 Bishnupuriya 23 Gadaba
9 Bengali 1 Assam 53,812 1 Orissa 15,126
1 West Bengal 68,369,255 2 Tripura 21,716 2 Andhra Pradesh 10,782
2 Assam 7,343,338 3 Manipur 1,457 24 Gangte
3 Jharkhand 2,607,601 14 Bodo 1 Manipur 13,752
4 Tripura 2,147,994 1 Assam 1,296,162 25 Garo
5 Orissa 490,857 2 West Bengal 37,654 1 Meghalaya 728,424
6 Bihar 443,426 3 Arunachal Pradesh 6,515 2 Assam 144,767
7 Maharashtra 310,137 4 Nagaland 4,874 3 Tripura 11,312
8 Chhattisgarh 208,669 5 Meghalaya 3,470 4 Nagaland 1,838
9 Delhi 208,414 15 Chakhesang 5 West Bengal 1,457
10 Meghalaya 185,692 1 Nagaland 9,544 26 Gondi
11 Uttar Pradesh 181,634 2 Manipur 1,768 1 Madhya Pradesh 925,417
12 Uttaranchal 123,190 16 Chakru/Chokri 2 Chhattisgarh 894,806

44 | N a t i o n a l R e s o u r c e C e n t e r Serve-A-Language
 3 Maharashtra 543,120 22 Arunachal Pradesh 81,186 13 West Bengal 1,084
4 Andhra Pradesh 275,379 23 Goa 76,775 39 Khandeshi
5 Orissa 57,064 24 Andaman & 64,933 1 Maharashtra 1,866,460
6 Assam 8,468 25 Nagaland 56,981 2 Gujarat 152,096
7 Gujarat 2,545 26 Tripura 53,691 3 Madhya Pradesh 24,985
8 Uttar Pradesh 1,864 27 Meghalaya 50,055 4 Jammu & Kashmir 24,767
9 Jharkhand 1,705 28 Sikkim 36,072 5 Uttaranchal 2,952
27 Gujarati 29 Dadra & Nagar 33,237 6 Himachal Pradesh 1,573
1 Gujarat 42,768,386 30 Daman & Diu 30,754 7 Punjab 1,072
2 Maharashtra 2,315,409 31 Kerala 26,386 40 Kharia
3 Tamil Nadu 202,621 32 Manipur 24,720 1 Jharkhand 123,483
4 Madhya Pradesh 198,140 33 Mizoram 10,530 2 Orissa 92,623
5 Daman & Diu 107,090 34 Pondicherry 4,357 3 West Bengal 7,276
6 Karnataka 102,195 31 Hmar 4 Assam 6,108
7 Rajasthan 57,048 1 Manipur 43,137 5 Andaman & 4,090
8 Dadra & Nagar 52,074 2 Assam 24,866 6 Chhattisgarh 3,769
9 Andhra Pradesh 48,056 3 Mizoram 14,240 41 Khasi
10 West Bengal 46,926 32 Ho 1 Meghalaya 1,091,087
11 Delhi 45,145 1 Jharkhand 782,078 2 Assam 34,617
12 Chhattisgarh 38,916 2 Orissa 253,235 42 Khezha
13 Jharkhand 17,926 3 West Bengal 4,235 1 Nagaland 40,362
14 Kerala 17,741 4 Bihar 1,820 43 Khiemnungan
15 Orissa 15,820 33 Jatapu 1 Nagaland 37,752
16 Goa 9,273 1 Andhra Pradesh 39,312 44 Khond/Kondh
17 Uttar Pradesh 8,169 34 Juang 1 Orissa 112,223
18 Punjab 7,040 1 Orissa 23,701 2 Andhra Pradesh 5,663
19 Assam 6,911 35 Kabui 45 Kinnauri
20 Haryana 5,734 1 Manipur 87,950 1 Himachal Pradesh 64,293
21 Jammu & Kashmir 3,936 2 Assam 3,380 46 Kisan
22 Chandigarh 3,461 3 Nagaland 3,022 1 Orissa 139,428
23 Bihar 3,429 36 Kannada 2 Assam 1,475
24 Himachal Pradesh 2,779 1 Karnataka 34,838,035 47 Koch
25 Uttaranchal 2,773 2 Maharashtra 1,254,519 1 Meghalaya 20,834
26 Pondicherry 1,180 3 Tamil Nadu 1,045,238 2 Assam 8,451
27 Tripura 1,168 4 Andhra Pradesh 565,574 3 West Bengal 1,583
28 Halabi 5 Kerala 81,406 48 Koda/Kora
1 Chhattisgarh 544,874 6 Goa 74,615 1 West Bengal 33,218
2 Maharashtra 29,503 7 Gujarat 15,684 2 Jharkhand 4,972
3 Orissa 16,102 8 Delhi 10,525 3 Orissa 3,145
4 Madhya Pradesh 1,779 9 Madhya Pradesh 6,526 49 Kolami
5 Gujarat 1,108 10 Jammu & Kashmir 4,418 1 Maharashtra 90,271
29 Halam 11 Punjab 4,001 2 Andhra Pradesh 31,490
1 Tripura 17,990 12 Rajasthan 3,243 50 Kom
2 Jammu & Kashmir 13,049 13 Uttar Pradesh 2,799 1 Manipur 14,558
3 Assam 6,012 14 West Bengal 2,755 51 Konda
30 Hindi 15 Haryana 2,062 1 Andhra Pradesh 54,612
1 Uttar Pradesh 151,770,131 16 Assam 2,059 52 Konkani
2 Bihar 60,635,284 17 Pondicherry 1,566 1 Goa 769,888
3 Madhya Pradesh 52,658,687 18 Chhattisgarh 1,435 2 Karnataka 768,039
4 Rajasthan 51,407,216 19 Jharkhand 1,022 3 Maharashtra 658,259
5 Haryana 18,460,843 37 Karbi / Mikir 4 Gujarat 190,557
6 Chhattisgarh 17,210,481 1 Assam 406,160 5 Kerala 61,376
7 Jharkhand 15,510,587 2 Meghalaya 11,789 6 Dadra & Nagar 22,795
8 Delhi 11,210,843 3 Arunachal Pradesh 1,246 7 Tamil Nadu 4,657
9 Maharashtra 10,681,641 38 Kashmiri 8 Orissa 3,280
10 Uttaranchal 7,466,413 1 Jammu & Kashmir 5,425,733 9 Andhra Pradesh 3,129
11 West Bengal 5,747,099 2 Himachal Pradesh 50,192 10 Delhi 1,767
12 Himachal Pradesh 5,409,758 3 Delhi 21,325 53 Konyak
13 Andhra Pradesh 2,464,194 4 Maharashtra 5,344 1 Nagaland 248,002
14 Gujarat 2,388,814 5 Uttaranchal 4,175 54 Korku
15 Jammu & Kashmir 1,870,264 6 Haryana 3,717 1 Madhya Pradesh 372,224
16 Punjab 1,851,128 7 Uttar Pradesh 3,153 2 Maharashtra 195,655
17 Assam 1,569,662 8 Punjab 2,411 3 Chhattisgarh 6,356
18 Karnataka 1,344,877 9 Chandigarh 1,677 55 Korwa
19 Orissa 1,043,243 10 Karnataka 1,586 1 Maharashtra 12,888
20 Chandigarh 608,218 11 Rajasthan 1,554 2 Madhya Pradesh 12,597
21 Tamil Nadu 189,474 12 Madhya Pradesh 1,116 3 Chhattisgarh 6,870

Serve-A-Language N a t i o n a l R e s o u r c e C e n t e r | 45
 4 Jharkhand 1,227 3 Delhi 85,331 74 Maram
56 Koya 4 Maharashtra 37,525 1 Meghalaya 35,536
1 Andhra Pradesh 248,095 5 West Bengal 22,064 2 Manipur 1,672
2 Orissa 113,668 6 Haryana 11,799 75 Marathi
57 Kui 7 Rajasthan 7,447 1 Maharashtra 66,643,942
1 Orissa 914,953 8 Uttar Pradesh 7,224 2 Karnataka 1,892,783
2 Andhra Pradesh 1,173 9 Chhattisgarh 6,293 3 Madhya Pradesh 1,266,038
58 Kuki 10 Assam 4,346 4 Gujarat 764,002
1 Nagaland 16,846 11 Gujarat 3,550 5 Andhra Pradesh 609,200
2 Assam 15,897 12 Punjab 3,277 6 Goa 304,208
3 Manipur 12,900 13 Arunachal Pradesh 2,836 7 Chhattisgarh 140,623
4 Tripura 5,003 14 Madhya Pradesh 2,687 8 Tamil Nadu 60,614
59 Kurukh/Oraon 15 Orissa 2,016 9 Meghalaya 38,638
1 Jharkhand 861,843 16 Himachal Pradesh 2,015 10 Kerala 31,845
2 Chhattisgarh 444,008 17 Uttaranchal 1,646 11 Delhi 26,472
3 West Bengal 201,309 18 Chandigarh 1,248 12 Rajasthan 19,361
4 Orissa 74,346 71 Malayalam 13 West Bengal 15,176
5 Assam 72,311 1 Kerala 30,803,747 14 Jharkhand 14,513
6 Bihar 59,003 2 Karnataka 701,673 15 Jammu & Kashmir 14,432
7 Andaman & 13,759 3 Tamil Nadu 557,705 16 Bihar 14,002
8 Maharashtra 10,189 4 Maharashtra 406,358 17 Uttar Pradesh 13,074
9 Tripura 4,878 5 Delhi 92,009 18 Punjab 12,117
10 Madhya Pradesh 2,271 6 Gujarat 67,838 19 Dadra & Nagar 11,597
11 Uttar Pradesh 2,223 7 Andhra Pradesh 62,214 20 Orissa 8,863
12 Delhi 1,378 8 Lakshadweep 51,555 21 Haryana 8,794
13 Arunachal Pradesh 1,132 9 Madhya Pradesh 48,515 22 Daman & Diu 6,763
60 Ladakhi 10 Pondicherry 42,782 23 Assam 6,303
1 Jammu & Kashmir 101,466 11 Rajasthan 33,975 24 Uttaranchal 2,769
61 Lahauli 12 Andaman & 28,869 25 Arunachal Pradesh 1,902
1 Himachal Pradesh 20,339 13 Chhattisgarh 26,319 26 Himachal Pradesh 1,679
2 Madhya Pradesh 1,922 14 Uttar Pradesh 19,683 27 Nagaland 1,533
62 Lahnda 15 West Bengal 17,043 28 Chandigarh 1,308
1 Haryana 26,985 16 Goa 15,081 29 Andaman & 1,294
2 Jammu & Kashmir 22,224 17 Haryana 13,989 76 Maring
3 Rajasthan 8,636 18 Punjab 10,669 1 Manipur 22,154
4 Maharashtra 7,087 19 Orissa 10,440 77 Miri/Mishing
5 Punjab 6,882 20 Jammu & Kashmir 10,063 1 Assam 517,170
6 Madhya Pradesh 6,865 21 Jharkhand 8,783 2 Arunachal Pradesh 33,381
7 Delhi 6,312 22 Assam 8,141 78 Mishmi
8 Andhra Pradesh 4,026 23 Arunachal Pradesh 5,583 1 Arunachal Pradesh 33,522
9 Uttaranchal 1,178 24 Nagaland 3,901 79 Mogh
63 Lakher 25 Uttaranchal 2,870 1 Tripura 28,850
1 Mizoram 34,731 26 Bihar 2,674 80 Monpa
64 Lalung 27 Chandigarh 2,356 1 Arunachal Pradesh 55,428
1 Assam 26,480 28 Meghalaya 2,000 81 Munda
65 Lepcha 29 Dadra & Nagar 1,839 1 Orissa 240,425
1 Sikkim 35,728 30 Tripura 1,747 2 Assam 93,088
2 West Bengal 14,731 31 Mizoram 1,322 3 West Bengal 61,862
66 Liangmei 32 Himachal Pradesh 1,231 4 Jharkhand 38,871
1 Manipur 32,787 33 Manipur 1,231 5 Tripura 8,230
2 Nagaland 1,295 34 Daman & Diu 1,166 6 Haryana 5,494
67 Limbu 35 Sikkim 1,021 7 Andaman & 4,582
1 Sikkim 34,292 72 Malto 8 Bihar 3,410
2 West Bengal 2,377 1 Orissa 139,233 9 Arunachal Pradesh 3,132
68 Lotha 2 Jharkhand 82,541 10 Madhya Pradesh 3,059
1 Nagaland 168,356 3 West Bengal 1,961 11 Chhattisgarh 2,829
2 Assam 1,370 73 Manipuri 12 Delhi 1,128
69 Lushai/Mizo 1 Manipur 1,266,098 13 Uttar Pradesh 1,109
1 Mizoram 650,605 2 Assam 154,059 82 Mundari
2 Manipur 6,825 3 Tripura 20,716 1 Jharkhand 860,275
3 Tripura 4,971 4 Nagaland 6,927 2 Orissa 119,573
4 Meghalaya 4,251 5 Meghalaya 3,522 3 Assam 32,718
5 Assam 3,397 6 Arunachal Pradesh 2,082 4 West Bengal 32,571
6 Arunachal Pradesh 1,154 7 Delhi 2,020 5 Bihar 9,937
70 Maithili 8 Mizoram 1,825 6 Arunachal Pradesh 2,104
1 Bihar 11,830,868 9 Maharashtra 1,665 83 Nepali
2 Jharkhand 141,184 10 West Bengal 1,075 1 West Bengal 1,022,725

46 | N a t i o n a l R e s o u r c e C e n t e r Serve-A-Language
 2 Assam 564,790 29 Meghalaya 1,243 2 West Bengal 2,247,113
3 Sikkim 338,606 88 Paite 3 Orissa 699,270
4 Uttar Pradesh 263,982 1 Manipur 48,379 4 Bihar 386,248
5 Arunachal Pradesh 94,919 2 Mizoram 14,367 5 Assam 242,886
6 Uttaranchal 91,047 89 Parji 6 Mizoram 4,677
7 Himachal Pradesh 70,272 1 Chhattisgarh 39,498 7 Tripura 2,625
8 Maharashtra 63,480 2 Orissa 10,310 8 Arunachal Pradesh 2,042
9 Meghalaya 52,155 90 Pawi 101 Savara
10 Manipur 45,998 1 Mizoram 24,900 1 Orissa 172,288
11 Delhi 44,367 91 Persian 2 Andhra Pradesh 74,788
12 Nagaland 34,222 1 West Bengal 3,670 3 Tripura 2,155
13 Haryana 20,362 2 Jharkhand 2,048 4 West Bengal 1,696
14 Punjab 19,778 3 Maharashtra 1,696 102 Sema
15 Bihar 18,763 4 Bihar 1,350 1 Nagaland 92,884
16 Jharkhand 17,326 92 Phom 2 Assam 10,346
17 Gujarat 17,123 1 Nagaland 122,454 103 Sherpa
18 Madhya Pradesh 10,923 93 Pochury 1 Sikkim 13,922
19 Rajasthan 10,569 1 Nagaland 16,681 2 West Bengal 2,902
20 Karnataka 10,038 94 Punjabi 104 Shina
21 Orissa 9,927 1 Punjab 22,334,369 1 Jammu & Kashmir 34,206
22 Mizoram 8,948 2 Haryana 2,234,626 105 Simte
23 Andhra Pradesh 8,233 3 Rajasthan 1,141,200 1 Manipur 10,028
24 Jammu & Kashmir 8,199 4 Delhi 988,980 106 Sindhi
25 Chandigarh 5,390 5 Uttar Pradesh 523,094 1 Gujarat 958,787
26 Tamil Nadu 4,323 6 Himachal Pradesh 364,175 2 Maharashtra 709,224
27 Chhattisgarh 3,424 7 Maharashtra 269,309 3 Rajasthan 380,430
28 Tripura 3,377 8 Chandigarh 251,224 4 Madhya Pradesh 259,226
29 Kerala 2,715 9 Uttaranchal 247,084 5 Chhattisgarh 89,325
30 Goa 2,135 10 Jammu & Kashmir 190,675 6 Delhi 42,841
31 Daman & Diu 1,407 11 Madhya Pradesh 148,999 7 Uttar Pradesh 34,330
32 Dadra & Nagar 1,030 12 Jharkhand 86,596 8 Karnataka 14,694
84 Nicobarese 13 West Bengal 67,952 9 Andhra Pradesh 10,320
1 Andaman & 28,651 14 Chhattisgarh 67,293 10 Tamil Nadu 7,375
85 Nissi/Dafla 15 Gujarat 55,810 11 West Bengal 5,749
1 Arunachal Pradesh 208,337 16 Assam 30,763 12 Haryana 5,510
2 Assam 1,586 17 Andhra Pradesh 23,838 13 Uttaranchal 5,266
86 Nocte 18 Orissa 21,574 14 Bihar 3,251
1 Arunachal Pradesh 32,591 19 Karnataka 15,572 15 Orissa 2,568
87 Oriya 20 Bihar 13,600 16 Jharkhand 2,074
1 Orissa 30,563,507 21 Tamil Nadu 5,696 17 Kerala 1,205
2 Chhattisgarh 819,098 22 Meghalaya 4,753 107 Tamang
3 Jharkhand 467,874 23 Arunachal Pradesh 2,980 1 Sikkim 10,089
4 Andhra Pradesh 336,022 24 Andaman & 1,825 2 West Bengal 4,897
5 Assam 231,474 25 Goa 1,815 3 Arunachal Pradesh 1,027
6 West Bengal 186,391 26 Kerala 1,668 108 Tamil
7 Gujarat 122,421 27 Tripura 1,637 1 Tamil Nadu 55,798,916
8 Maharashtra 93,990 28 Manipur 1,438 2 Karnataka 1,874,959
9 Delhi 29,178 29 Sikkim 1,364 3 Pondicherry 861,502
10 Tripura 23,899 30 Nagaland 1,362 4 Andhra Pradesh 769,685
11 Madhya Pradesh 20,965 95 Rabha 5 Kerala 596,971
12 Karnataka 16,529 1 Assam 130,875 6 Maharashtra 527,995
13 Uttar Pradesh 15,052 2 Meghalaya 22,395 7 Delhi 92,426
14 Rajasthan 13,347 3 West Bengal 10,967 8 Andaman & 62,961
15 Haryana 10,932 96 Rai 9 Gujarat 37,092
16 Punjab 10,345 1 Sikkim 8,856 10 Madhya Pradesh 24,848
17 Jammu & Kashmir 9,087 2 Arunachal Pradesh 3,862 11 West Bengal 20,238
18 Arunachal Pradesh 7,847 3 West Bengal 1,137 12 Uttar Pradesh 13,665
19 Tamil Nadu 6,154 97 Rengma 13 Chhattisgarh 13,241
20 Bihar 6,010 1 Nagaland 58,590 14 Jharkhand 12,913
21 Himachal Pradesh 3,990 2 Assam 2,492 15 Punjab 12,339
22 Nagaland 3,952 98 Sangtam 16 Rajasthan 11,852
23 Uttaranchal 3,488 1 Nagaland 84,150 17 Haryana 10,207
24 Kerala 3,032 99 Sanskrit 18 Jammu & Kashmir 9,494
25 Goa 2,681 1 Uttar Pradesh 7,048 19 Orissa 8,709
26 Daman & Diu 2,072 2 Andhra Pradesh 1,340 20 Goa 7,903
27 Dadra & Nagar 1,801 100 Santhali 21 Chandigarh 5,716
28 Chandigarh 1,508 1 Jharkhand 2,879,576 22 Assam 5,672

Serve-A-Language N a t i o n a l R e s o u r c e C e n t e r | 47
 23 Manipur 2,279 23 Uttaranchal 1,882 6 Jharkhand 2,324,411
24 Uttaranchal 2,215 24 Arunachal Pradesh 1,573 7 West Bengal 1,653,739
25 Arunachal Pradesh 1,595 25 Chandigarh 1,380 8 Madhya Pradesh 1,186,364
26 Bihar 1,453 26 Bihar 1,378 9 Tamil Nadu 942,299
27 Nagaland 1,441 112 Thado 10 Delhi 874,333
28 Tripura 1,312 1 Manipur 178,696 11 Rajasthan 662,983
29 Himachal Pradesh 1,066 2 Assam 8,744 12 Orissa 611,509
109 Tangkhul 3 Meghalaya 1,989 13 Gujarat 550,630
1 Manipur 139,979 113 Tibetan 14 Uttaranchal 497,081
2 Nagaland 1,143 1 Karnataka 27,736 15 Haryana 260,687
110 Tangsa 2 Himachal Pradesh 18,112 16 Chhattisgarh 88,008
1 Arunachal Pradesh 34,231 3 Arunachal Pradesh 9,527 17 Goa 54,163
2 Assam 1,798 4 West Bengal 7,107 18 Punjab 27,660
111 Telugu 5 Uttaranchal 6,712 19 Kerala 13,492
1 Andhra Pradesh 63,904,791 6 Jammu & Kashmir 6,390 20 Jammu & Kashmir 13,251
2 Karnataka 3,698,657 7 Sikkim 1,977 21 Chandigarh 7,254
3 Tamil Nadu 3,527,594 8 Orissa 1,694 22 Pondicherry 7,092
4 Maharashtra 1,405,958 9 Delhi 1,593 23 Himachal Pradesh 4,787
5 Orissa 712,614 10 Chhattisgarh 1,154 24 Assam 4,715
6 West Bengal 208,769 11 Assam 1,142 25 Sikkim 2,930
7 Chhattisgarh 148,131 114 Tripuri 26 Meghalaya 2,531
8 Gujarat 68,743 1 Tripura 814,375 117 Vaiphei
9 Pondicherry 50,908 2 Mizoram 17,580 1 Manipur 37,553
10 Kerala 48,633 3 Assam 17,380 118 Wancho
11 Andaman & 45,631 4 Manipur 3,182 1 Arunachal Pradesh 48,544
12 Jharkhand 35,957 115 Tulu 119 Yimchungre
13 Delhi 28,067 1 Karnataka 1,495,273 1 Nagaland 92,092
14 Assam 27,463 2 Kerala 122,995 120 Zeliang
15 Madhya Pradesh 26,602 3 Maharashtra 99,729 1 Nagaland 61,492
16 Goa 11,926 4 Tamil Nadu 1,872 121 Zemi
17 Rajasthan 8,467 116 Urdu 1 Assam 15,515
18 Uttar Pradesh 7,645 1 Uttar Pradesh 13,272,080 2 Nagaland 10,462
19 Jammu & Kashmir 7,509 2 Bihar 9,457,548 3 Manipur 8,097
20 Punjab 7,296 3 Maharashtra 6,895,501 122 Zou
21 Haryana 6,248 4 Andhra Pradesh 6,575,033 1 Manipur 20,626
22 Tripura 3,812 5 Karnataka 5,539,910

48 | N a t i o n a l R e s o u r c e C e n t e r Serve-A-Language
Number of People groups speak the same language
People groups are always Ethno linguistic, which means people and languages are connected. Therefore it is
important to know them by languages. Anthropological Survey of India (ASI) has listed people with their
language. ASI survey shows there are 325 languages in India. If we develop any tools for any one language will
help several People groups. For example, Angika language is spoken by 31 different People groups. Any tools
developed in this language can be used by 31 people groups. There are 199 people group speak one language.

The table below gives us the data about number of People groups speak the same language. Again it is divided
by Scheduled Castes (SC), Scheduled Tribes (ST) and others then the Total number of groups. Also we have
given the names of people groups (less than 10) who speak by same language.

Table 8 – Language spoken by various People groups.

Language Others SC ST Total Language Others SC ST Total

1. Agariya 0 1 0 1 33. Bharmauri 0 1 0 1
2. Ahirani 3 1 0 4 34. Bhatri 4 1 3 8
3. Aimol 0 0 1 1 35. Bhili 2 0 5 7
4. Aiton 1 0 0 1 36. Bhojpuri 36 7 0 43
5. Anal 0 0 1 1 37. Bhotia 0 0 3 3
6. Andamanese 0 0 1 1 38. Bhuiya 1 0 0 1
7. Angami 0 0 1 1 39. Bhumij 0 0 1 1
8. Angika 30 1 0 31 40. Bhunjia 0 0 1 1
9. Ao 0 0 1 1 41. Bilaspuri 14 8 0 22
10. Apatani 0 0 1 1 42. Birhor 0 0 1 1
11. Arabic 2 0 0 2 43. Birjia 0 0 1 1
12. Armenian 1 0 0 1 44. Bishnupriya 1 0 0 1
13. Ashing 0 0 1 1 45. Bodo 0 0 4 4
14. Assamese 24 8 6 38 46. Bokar 0 0 1 1
15. Asuri 0 0 1 1 47. Bondo 0 0 1 1
16. Awadhi 21 7 0 28 48. Bori 0 0 1 1
17. Badaga 4 0 0 4 49. Braj Bhasha 6 5 1 12
18. Baghelkhandi 3 5 0 8 50. Brijlal 1 0 0 1
19. Bagri 6 5 0 11 51. Bugun 0 0 1 1
20. Baigani 0 0 1 1 52. Bundhelkhandi 35 9 4 48
21. Baite 0 0 1 1 53. Burmese 1 0 0 1
22. Bajania 0 1 0 1 54. Bushari 0 2 0 2
23. Balti 0 0 1 1 55. Chakhesang 0 0 1 1
24. Bangni 0 0 1 1 56. Chakma 0 0 1 1
25. Banjari 6 3 2 11 57. Chambiali 2 7 0 9
26. Basturia 0 0 1 1 58. Chameali 0 1 0 1
27. Bauria 0 1 0 1 59. Chang 0 0 1 1
28. Bawm 0 0 1 1 60. Changpa 0 0 1 1
29. Bazigar Boli 1 1 0 2 61. Chhattisgarhi 27 14 25 66
30. Bengali 121 38 6 165 62. Chikari 1 0 0 1
31. Bhanja Bhumia 1 0 0 1 63. Chinali 0 1 0 1
32. Bhantu 1 0 0 1 64. Chinese 1 0 0 1

Serve-A-Language N a t i o n a l R e s o u r c e C e n t e r | 49
 Language Others SC ST Total Language Others SC ST Total
65. Chiru 0 0 1 1 109. Ho 0 0 1 1
66. Chote 0 0 1 1 110. Hrusso 0 0 1 1
67. Churasi 1 0 0 1 111. Hualngo 0 0 1 1
68. Dalu 1 0 0 1 112. Irula 0 0 1 1
69. Deori 0 0 1 1 113. Jabalpuri 3 1 1 5
70. Dhanki 0 0 1 1 114. Jangali 0 0 1 1
71. Dhimal 1 0 0 1 115. Jarawa 0 0 1 1
72. Dhodia 1 0 1 2 116. Jaunsari 0 0 1 1
73. Dhundhari 3 1 2 6 117. Juang 0 0 1 1
74. Didayi 0 0 1 1 118. Kabui 0 0 1 1
75. Dimasa 0 0 3 3 119. Kacha Naga 0 0 1 1
76. Dingal 2 2 0 4 120. Kachari 0 0 1 1
77. Dogri 26 11 0 37 121. Kachchi 49 2 1 52
78. Dommari 1 0 0 1 122. Kadar 0 0 1 1
79. Droskhat(Dokpa) 0 0 1 1 123. Kagati 0 0 1 1
80. Duhlian-Twang 0 0 3 3 124. Kakbarak 1 0 5 6
81. English 1 0 0 1 125. Kanashi 1 0 0 1
82. French 1 0 0 1 126. Kangri 13 6 0 19
83. Gadaba 0 0 1 1 127.Kannada 133 25 16 174
84. Gadiali 0 1 3 4 128. Karbi/Mikir 0 0 1 1
85. Gallong 0 0 1 1 129. Karen 1 0 0 1
86. Gameti 2 0 0 2 130. Karko 0 0 1 1
87. Gamit 0 0 1 1 131. Kashmiri 46 1 0 47
88. Gangte 0 0 1 1 132. Kathiawari 1 0 0 1
89. Garasia 0 0 1 1 133. Khadi Boli 19 1 0 20
90. Garhwali 7 17 0 24 134. Khaka 1 0 0 1
91. Garo 0 0 1 1 135. Khamba 0 0 1 1
92. Giarahi 1 1 0 2 136. Khampa 0 0 1 1
93. Gondi 0 0 11 11 137. Khampti 1 0 0 1
94. Gujarati 165 18 18 201 138. Khampti-Shan 0 0 1 1
95. Gujjari 3 0 2 5 139. Kharia 1 1 1 3
96. Gurung 1 0 0 1 140. Khasi 1 0 7 8
97. Gutob 0 0 1 1 141. Khaskura 1 0 0 1
98. Hajong 1 0 1 2 142. Khatri 2 0 0 2
99. Halam 1 0 2 3 143. Kherwari 1 0 0 1
100. Halbi 8 0 2 10 144. Khiemnungan 0 0 1 1
101. Harauti 12 2 1 15 145. Khorusti 1 0 0 1
102. Haryanvi 31 13 0 44 146. Khotta 3 2 3 8
103. Hebrew 1 0 0 1 147. Kinnauri 0 0 1 1
104. Himachali 1 2 0 3 148. Kiradi 1 0 0 1
105.Hindi 212 73 13 298 149. Kisan 0 0 1 1
106. Hinduri 2 0 0 2 150. Koch 0 0 1 1
107. Hindustani 3 0 0 3 151. Kodagu 8 2 1 11
108. Hmar 0 0 1 1 152. Koi(Koya) 2 0 2 4

50 | N a t i o n a l R e s o u r c e C e n t e r Serve-A-Language
 Language Others SC ST Total Language Others SC ST Total
153. Koireng 0 0 1 1 197. Majhi 0 1 0 1
154. Kokni 0 0 2 2 198. Makrani 1 0 0 1
155. Kolami 0 0 1 1 199. Malankudi 1 0 0 1
156. Kom 0 0 1 1 200.Malayalam 88 24 17 129
157. Komkar 0 0 1 1 201. Malhar 1 0 0 1
158. Konda 0 0 1 1 202. Malto 1 0 0 1
159. Konicha 1 0 0 1 203. Malvi 17 3 0 20
160. Konkani 50 3 2 55 204. Manchat 0 1 1 2
161. Konyak 0 0 1 1 205. Mandiali 5 2 0 7
162. Koracha 1 0 0 1 206. Mangari 1 0 0 1
163. Koraga 0 0 1 1 207. Mao 0 0 1 1
164. Korava 3 1 0 4 208. Maram 0 0 2 2
165. Korku 0 0 3 3 209.Marathi 141 14 15 170
166. Korwa 2 0 1 3 210. Maria 0 0 5 5
167. Kota 0 0 1 1 211. Maring 0 0 1 1
168. Kotwalia 0 0 1 1 212. Marwari 70 26 1 97
169. Kudmali 5 3 2 10 213. Mavchi 0 0 1 1
170. Kui 0 0 3 3 214. Meitei 5 2 0 7
171. Kuki 0 0 1 1 215. Memba 0 0 1 1
172. Kulvi 4 1 0 5 216. Mewari 40 9 1 50
173. Kumaoni 9 16 0 25 217. Mewati 2 0 0 2
174. Kunbi 1 0 0 1 218. Milang 0 0 1 1
175. Kurukh 1 0 2 3 219. Minyong 0 0 1 1
176. Kuvi 0 0 4 4 220. Miri 0 0 1 1
177. Ladakhi 3 0 4 7 221. Mishing 0 0 1 1
178. Lahauli 1 0 1 2 222. Mishmi 0 0 3 3
179. Lai Hawlh 0 0 1 1 223. Mizo 1 0 0 1
180. Lakher(Mara) 0 0 1 1 224. Monpa 0 0 6 6
181. Lalung 0 0 1 1 225. Monsang 0 0 1 1
182. Lambani 3 0 1 4 226. Moyon 0 0 1 1
183. Lamkang 0 0 1 1 227. Muduga 0 0 1 1
184. Laotian 1 0 0 1 228. Multani 7 0 0 7
185. Laria 3 2 1 6 229. Mundari 3 1 1 5
186. Lepcha 0 0 1 1 230. Na 0 0 1 1
187. Limbu 1 0 0 1 231. Nagari 1 0 0 1
188. Lisu 0 0 1 1 232. Nagpuria 6 2 1 9
189. Lodha 0 0 1 1 233. Naikadi 0 0 1 1
190. Lotha 0 0 1 1 234. Naiki 0 0 1 1
191. Lushai 0 0 1 1 235. Nati 1 1 0 2
192. Magahi 24 6 0 30 236. Nepali 22 4 0 26
193. Magarkura 1 0 0 1 237. Nicobarese 0 0 1 1
194. Magh 1 0 1 2 238. Nimari 5 2 1 8
195. Mahal 0 0 4 4 239. Nishi 0 0 1 1
196. Maithili 40 2 0 42 240. Nocte 0 0 1 1

Serve-A-Language N a t i o n a l R e s o u r c e C e n t e r | 51
 Language Others SC ST Total Language Others SC ST Total
241. Odki 1 1 0 2 285. Sherdukpen 0 0 1 1
242. Onge 0 0 1 1 286. Sherpa 0 0 1 1
243.Oriya 124 54 23 201 287. Shimong 0 0 1 1
244. Padam 0 0 1 1 288. Shina 0 0 1 1
245. Pahari 24 10 0 34 289. Shompen 0 0 1 1
246. Paharia 1 0 0 1 290. Sikligari 1 0 0 1
247. Pailibo 0 0 1 1 291. Sindhi 8 1 0 9
248. Paite 0 0 1 1 292. Singpho 1 0 1 2
249. Panchpargania 6 1 2 9 293. Siraji 0 1 0 1
250. Pang 0 0 1 1 294. Sirmauri 2 1 0 3
251. Pangi 0 0 1 1 295. Soliga 0 0 2 2
252. Pangwali 0 0 2 2 296. Sulung 0 0 1 1
253. Parimu 0 0 1 1 297. Surajpuri 0 1 0 1
254. Parji 1 0 2 3 298. Tagin 0 0 1 1
255. Paschima 0 1 0 1 299. Tai 3 0 0 3
256. Pasi 0 0 1 1 300. Tamang 1 0 0 1
257. Pasto(Pushto) 1 2 0 3 301.Tamil 212 23 12 247
258. Pawri 1 0 0 1 302. Tangam 0 0 1 1
259. Pengo 1 0 1 2 303. Tangkhul 0 0 1 1
260. Persian 2 0 0 2 304. Tangsa 0 0 15 15
261. Phom 0 0 1 1 305. Tataotrong 1 0 0 1
262. Pochury 0 0 1 1 306.Telugu 292 47 19 358
263. Punchi 1 0 0 1 307. Thado 0 0 1 1
264. Punjabi 61 24 0 85 308. Thar 0 0 1 1
265. Rai 1 0 0 1 309. Tharu 0 0 1 1
266. Rajasthani 31 7 0 38 310. Tibetan 1 0 1 2
267. Ralte 0 0 1 1 311. Toda 0 0 2 2
268. Ramo 0 0 1 1 312. Toto 0 0 1 1
269. Rathi 0 0 1 1 313. Tulu 23 11 4 38
270. Rengma 0 0 1 1 314. Urdu 159 4 0 163
271. Riang 0 0 1 1 315. Vaiphei 0 0 1 1
272. Sadri 11 6 11 28 316. Varli 0 0 1 1
273. Sajalong 0 0 1 1 317. Wagri 13 3 5 21
274. Sambalpuri 3 1 1 5 318. Wancho 0 0 1 1
275. Sangtam 0 0 1 1 319. Yerava 0 0 1 1
276. Sansi 0 1 0 1 320. Yerukula 1 0 5 6
277. Santali 1 0 1 2 321. Yimchungre 0 0 1 1
278. Saora 0 0 3 3 322. Zakhring 0 0 1 1
279. Saraji 1 0 0 1 323. Zeliang 0 0 1 1
280. Sarhodi 0 0 1 1 324. Zemi 0 0 1 1
281. Saurashtri 2 0 0 2 325. Zou 0 0 1 1
282. Sema 0 0 1 1 Total 2,709 636 495 3,840
283. Sentinelese 0 0 1 1 Source: People of India, K.S. Singh (Editor), ASI,
284. Shekhawati 7 0 0 7 Kolkotta, 1992

52 | N a t i o n a l R e s o u r c e C e n t e r Serve-A-Language
Language # of PGs People groups 47. Chakma 1 Chakma
1. Agariya 1 Agariya 48. Chambeali 9 Baisi/Bansi, Batwal, Bharai,
2. Ahirani 4 Bhoi, Mahar, Sonar, Thelari Brahman, Chuhra, Hali, Khatik,
3. Aimol 1 Aimol Sanahai, Teli
4. Aiton 1 Aiton 49. Chameali 1 Dhogri
5. Anal 1 Anal 50. Chang 1 Changpa
6. Andamanese 1 Great Andamanese 51. Chang 1 Chang
7. Angami 1 Angami Naga 52. Chikari 1 Thakkar
8. Ao 1 Ao Naga 53. Chinali 1 Dagi
9. Apatani 1 Apatani 54. Chinese 1 Chinese
10. Arabic 2 Arab, Jew 55. Chiru 1 Chiru
11. Armenian 1 Armenian 56. Chote/Chowte 1 Chote/Chowte
12. Ashing 1 Adi Ashing 57. Churasi 1 Bhat
13. Asuri 1 Asur 58. Dalu 1 Dalu
14. Badaga 4 Badaga, Badaga( C), Odiyar/ 59. Deori 1 Deori
Udaya, Thorayar(Badaga) 60. Dhanki 1 Dhanka
15. Baghelkhandi 8 Baiswar, Beldar, Bhurtia, 61. Dhimal 1 Dhimal
Kacher/Kachar, Kuchbandhiya, 62. Dhodia 2 Dhodia, Dhori
Kumbhar, Mochi/Muchia/Muchi, 63. Dhundhari 6 Agarwal/Agarawal, Chaukidar
Muskhan Mina, Garoda, Khandelwal,
16. Baigani 1 Parhaiya Mogia, Zamindari Mina
17. Baite 1 Baite 64. Didayi 1 Didayi
18. Bajania 1 Bajania Nat 65. Dimasa 3 Burman Kachari, Dimasa
19. Balti 1 Balti Kachari, Hajai
20. Bangni 1 Bangni 66. Dingal 4 Berwa, Lora, Radwa, Singhiwala
21. Banjari 9 Banjara, Banjara Muslim, Banjara 67. Dommari 1 Dommara
Sikh, Laban, Lambani, 68. Droskhat(Dokpa) 1 Dokhpa/Drokpa
Lavana/Labana, Mathura 69. Duhlian-Twang 3 Hmar, Lushai, Tlau
Banjara, Naik, Sugali 70. English 1 Anglo-Indian
22. Basturia 1 Bhottada 71. French 1 Indo-French
23. Bauria 1 Bawaria 72. Gadaba 1 Gadaba
24. Bawm 1 Bawm 73. Gadiali 4 Gaddi(Brahman), Gaddi(Rajpur),
25. Bazigar Boli 1 Bazigar Rathi, Rihara/Rehar
26. Bhanja Bhumia 1 Chapuakamar 74. Gallong 1 Adi Gallong
27. Bhantu 1 Bhantu 75. Gameti 2 Damor, Vayati
28. Bharmauri 1 Sippi 76. Gamti 1 Gamit
29. Bhatri 8 Bhatra, Gadaba, Mahara, Modh 77. Gangte 1 Gangte
Randha Dhobi, Munda, Mundu, 78. Garasia 1 Garasia/Girasia
Saundi, Sundri/Sundi 79. Garo 1 Garo
30. Bhili 6 Bhil, Bhilala, Dungri Garasia, 80. Giarahi 2 Giarah, Patharkat
Rawal, Tadvi, Vasave 81. Gujari 5 Bakarwal, Gujar Bhurtia, Gujjar,
31. Bhotia 3 Bhotia, Bodh, Drukpa/Dukpa Gujjar/Guja Hindu, Gujjari Muslim
32. Bhuiya 1 Mushahar/Bhuiya 82. Gurung 1 Gurung
33. Bhumij 1 Bhumij 83. Gutob 1 Gadaba
34. Bhunjia 1 Bhunjia 84. Haijong 2 Banai, Hajong
35. Birhor 1 Birhor 85. Halam 3 Kaipeng, Molsom, Tripuri/Halam
36. Birjia 1 Birjia 86. Hebrew 1 Bene Israel
37. Bishnupriya 1 Bishnupriya Manipuri 87. Himachali 3 Bujru, Chanal, Julaha
38. Bodo 4 Bodo Kachari, Madahi, Mech, 88. Hinduri 2 Thavi, Thuana
Rabha 89. Hindustani 3 Ansari, Chamail/Chamela, Mochi
39. Bokar 1 Bokar 90. Hmar 1 Hmar
40. Bondo 1 Bondo 91. Ho 1 Ho
41. Bori 1 Adi Bori 92. Hrusso 1 Aka
42. Brijlal 1 Binjoa/Brijlal 93. Hualngo 1 Hualngo
43. Bugun 1 Khow/Bugun 94. Irula 1 Irular
44. Burmese 1 Burmese 95. Jabalpuri 5 Bari Khatri, Basor, Basudeva,
45. Bushari 2 Jogi, Nagalu Bhumia, Ladia
46. Chakhesang 1 Chakhesang 96. Jangali 1 Raji

53 | N a t i o n a l R e s o u r c e C e n t e r Serve-A-Language
97. Jarawa 1 Jarawa 144. Kudmali 9 Bagal, Bedia, Dharua,
98. Jaunsari 1 Jaunsari Dom(Sikharia), Ghasi/Ghasia,
99. Juang 1 Juang Gonju, Karga, Kudmi/Kurmi
100. Kabui 1 Kabui/Rongmei 145. Kui 3 Dal, Kandha Gauda,
101. Kacha Naga 1 Kacha Naga Kondh(Sitha)
102. Kachari 1 Kachari 146. Kuki 1 Kuki
103. Kadar 1 Kadar 147. Kulvi 5 Badhai, Nar, Od, Seok, Thavin
104. Kagati 1 Kagati 148. Kunbi 1 Kunbi
105. Kanashi 1 Malanese 149. Kurukh 2 Mirdha, Oraon
106. Karbi 1 Karbi/Mikir 150. Kuvi 4 Jatapu, Kondh, Kondh(Dongaria),
107. Karen 1 Karen Kuvi Kandh
108. Karko 1 Adi Karko 151. Labani 4 Lambadi, Mathura Banjara,
109. Kathiawari 1 Baharupi/Baharupia Nhavi, Sunar
110. Khaka 1 Chinese 152. Ladakhi 6 Argon, Beda, Bodh, Gara, Mon,
111. Khamba 1 Khamba Moravian
112. Khampa 1 Khampa 153. Lahauli 2 Brahman, Lahaula
113. Khampti 1 Khampti 154. Lai Hawlh 1 Pawai
114. Khampti-Shan 1 Khampti 155. Lakher(Mara) 1 Mara/Lakher
115. Kharia 1 Kharia 156. Lalung 1 Lalung
116. Khasi 8 Khasi, Khasi Muslim, 157. Lamkang 1 Lamkang
Khasi(Bhoi), Khasi(Jaintia), 158. Laotian 1 Indo-Vietnamese
Khasi(Khyntrian), Khasi(Lyngam), 159. Laria 6 Gharia, Dhanwar, Ganda,
Khasi(War), Pnar/Syteng Jhora/Jhara, Kanjia, Sonjhari
117. Khaskura 1 Khasas 160. Lepcha 1 Lepcha
118. Khatri 2 Parkar, Pattegar 161. Limbu 1 Limbu
119. Kherwari 1 Kherwar 162. Lisu 1 Lisu
120. Khiemnungan 1 Khiamngan 163. Lodhi 1 Lodha
121. Khorusti 1 Julaha/Jolaha 164. Lotha 1 Lotha
122. Khotta 8 Beldar, Jadupetia, Karmali, 165. Lushai 1 Lushai
Kharwar, Khetauri, Kora, Mariya, 166. Magarkura 1 Magar
Nuniya 167. Magh 2 Magh/Mogh, Mog/Mogh
123. Kinnauri 1 Kinnaura 168. Mahal 4 Manikfan, Raveri, Thakru,
124. Kiradi 1 Kirar/Kirad Thakrufan
125. Kisan 1 Kisan 169. Majhi 1 Majhi
126. Koch 1 Koch 170. Makrani 1 Makrani
127. Koireng 1 Koireng 171. Malankudi 1 Vishavan
128. Kokbarak 6 Jamatia,aloi, Noatia, Rupini, 172. Malhar 1 Malhar/Jora Savara
Tripuri, Uchai 173. Malto 1 Kumarbhag Pahariya
129. Kokna 2 Katkari/Kathodi, Kokna 174. Manchat 2 Dagi, Swangla
130. Kolami 1 Kolam 175. Mandeali 7 Araeen/Arain, Brahman, Dagoli,
131. Kom 1 Kom Dumna, Ghai, Keer, Nar
132. Komkar 1 Adi Komkar 176. Mangari 1 Mangar
133. Konda 1 Konda Dora 177. Mao 1 Mao
134. Konicha 1 Sunuwar/Sonwar 178. Maram 2 Koirao, Maram
135. Konyak 1 Konyak Naga 179. Maria 5 Abuj Maria, Bada Maria, Bison
136. Koracha 1 Koracha Horn Maria, Chota Maria, Maria
137. Koraga 1 Koraga 180. Maring 1 Maring
138. Korava 4 Gandarava Kottai Kor, Kunchi 181. Mawchi 1 Mavchi
Korava, Mallesukukkalu, 182. Meitei 7 Bishnupriya Mainpuri, Lois,
Yerukula Koravar Manipuri, Manipuri Muslim,
139. Korku 3 Korku, Korku(Bawaria), Nahal Pangan, Thanga, Yaithibi
140. Korwa 3 Kodaku, Makadwale, 183. Memba 1 Memba
Pacchabotla 184. Mewati 2 Meo/Mewati, Narasingpura
141. Kota 1 Kota 185. Milang 1 Adi Milang
142. Kotwalia 1 Kotwalia/Kotwal 186. Minyong 1 Adi Minyong
143. Koya 3 Koya, Koya/Konda Rajulu, Racha 187. Miri 1 Hill Miri
Koya 188. Mishing 1 Mishing

54 | N a t i o n a l R e s o u r c e C e n t e r Serve-A-Language
189. Mishmi 3 Digaru Mishmi, Idu Mishmi, Miju 232. Reang 1 Riang
Mishmi 233. Rengma 1 Rengma
190. Mizo 1 Ralte 234. Sajalong 1 Miji
191. Monpa 6 Monpa(But), Monpa(Chugpa), 235. Sambalpuri 5 Binjhal, Jharna Brahman,
Monpa (Dirang), Monpa Kalanga, Pap, Raghunathia Brah
(Kalaktang), Monpa(Lishpa), 236. Sangtam 1 Sangtam
Monpa(Tawang) 237. Sansi 1 Sansi/Sansiya
192. Monsang 1 Monsang 238. Santali 1 Santal
193. Moyon 1 Moyon 239. Saora 3 Saora, Saora(Jora)/Malhar,
194. Muduga 1 Mudugar Saora(Lanjia)
195. Multani 7 Arora, Dakaut/Dakot, Derawal, 240. Saraji 1 Badhai
Multani Lohar, Multani/Kahrar, 241. Sarhodi 1 Vaghri
Pushkarana Brahman, Usta 242. Saurashtra 2 Saurashtra, Saurashtra Brahman
196. Mundari 3 Bhumij, Munda, Turi 243. Sema 1 Sema Naga
197. Na 1 Na 244. Sentinelese 1 Sentinelese
198. Nagari 1 Botaraja 245. Shekhawati 7 Brahman, Charan, Ghosi, Kahar,
199. Nagpuria 9 Baraik, Chik Baraik, Dabgar, Khandelwal, Manihar Muslim,
Ghasi/Ghasia, Gonju, Van Baoria
Gosain/Gosai/Gosavi, 246. Sherdukpen 1 Sherdukpen
Jhora/Jhara, Nagbansi, Raj Bhat 247. Sherpa 1 Sherpa
200. Naikadi 1 Naikda 248. Shimong 1 Adi Shimong
201. Naiki 1 Arakh Gond 249. Shina 1 Broq-Pa
202. Nati 2 Bajania Nat, Gandhila 250. Shompen 1 Shompen
203. Nicobarese 1 Nicobarese 251. Sikligari 1 Sikligar/Sikalgar
204. Nimari 8 Dhed Bawa, Jangada Porwal, 252. Sindhi 9 Bhatia, Jajak/Jijak, Jat Muslim,
Mavi, Nahal, Newa Jain, Salvi, Khoja, Rath, Sevak, Sindhi,
Srimali Vaishyabania, Zamral Sindhi Luhana, Sindhi Mochi
205. Nissi 1 Nishi/Dafla 253. Singpho 2 Dowaniya, Singpho
206. Nocte 1 Nocte 254. Siraji 1 Od
207. Odki 1 Od 255. Sirmauri 3 Pajiara/Paziara, Rawat, Turi
208. Onge 1 Onge 256. Soliga 2 Sholagar(Urali), Soliga/Soligar
209. Padam 1 Adi Padam 257. Sulung 1 Sulung
210. Pahariya 1 Paharia 258. Surjapuri 1 Choupal/Chaupal
211. Pailibo 1 Adi Pilibo 259. Tagin 1 Tagin
212. Paite 1 Paite 260. Tai 3 Khamyang/Nara, Tai Phake,
213. Panch Pargania 9 Bedia, Chik Baraik, Turung
Gosain/Gosai/Gosavi, 261. Tamang 1 Tamang(Mssik)
Paiko/Paik, Pan(Sawasi), Puran, 262. Tangam 1 Adi Tangam
Rautia, Sarak, Tanti 263. Tangkhul 1 Tnagkhul Naga
214. Pang 1 Pang 264. Tataotrong 1 Tarao
215. Pangi 1 Adi Pangi 265. Thado 1 Thado
216. Pangwali 2 Pangwal Brahman, Pangwal 266. Thar 1 Mahli
Rajput 267. Tharu 1 Tharu
217. Parimu 1 Gujjar 268. Tibetan 1 Tibetan
218. Paschima 1 Bin 269. Toda 2 Toda, Toda Christian
219. Pasi 1 Adi Pasi 270. Toto 1 Toto
220. Pasto(Pushto) 3 Afghan, Bazigar, Gandhila 271. Vaiphei 1 Vaiphei
221. Pawri 1 Pawar 272. Varli 1 Varli
222. Pengo 2 Pengo, Pengo Paroja 273. Wancho 1 Wancho
223. Persian 2 Irani, Syed 274. Yerava 1 Yerava
224. Phom 1 Phom 275. Yerukala 5 Kapparalatippa, Katherollu
225. Pochury 1 Puchury (Yerukul, Korcha(Yerukula),
226. Proja 3 Dhurwa, Jhodia, Paroja Kuncheti (Yerukula)
227. Punchi 1 Poonchi Sikh 276. Yimchungre 1 Yimchunger
228. Rai 1 Rai 277. Zakhring 1 Zakhring/Meyer
229. Ralte 1 Ralte 278. Zeliang 1 Zeliang
230. Ramo 1 Adi Ramo 279. Zemi 1 Jeme/Zeme
231. Rathi 1 Barela 280. Zou 1 Zou

Serve-A-Language N a t i o n a l R e s o u r c e C e n t e r | 55
Mother tongues of India according to the 1961 census

The Language Tables published by the Census of India 1961 is an important milestone in the study of Indian
linguistic demography. The Census of India 1961 identified 1652 "mother tongues." "Mother tongues" thus
identified may not have been identical to the languages, dialects, or even speech forms of the individuals. These
were the labels used by the individuals to identify their speech, when asked to give the name of the early
childhood language used in the household of the individual.
An abstract of the list of mother tongues returned in Census of India 1961 is given below. A total of 1,652 mother
tongue names were identified, but it should be remembered that mother tongues are not identical to languages
or dialects. The question as to how many languages are spoken in India is still a question that cannot be answered
with certainty. We really need another Linguistic Survey of India that will focus not only on identifying the
languages and dialects of India, but will provide the unwritten languages with relevant script systems, prepare
monolingual, bilingual, and multilingual dictionaries in the lesser known languages, provide resources for the use
of these languages at least up to the elementary level in education, and describe and explain the dynamics of
language use and identity in the country. A progressive and democratic nation should always feel proud of its
diversity and the strength that it derives from such diversity. (Source: Language in India by B. Mallikarjun)

Table 9 - Census 1961 Language Family Category

Number of Mother Total Number of

Category
Tongues Speakers
1. Austric Family 65 61,92,495
2. Tibeto-Chinese Family 226 31,83,801
3. Dravidian Family 153 10,74,10,820
4. Indo-European Family 574 32,17,20,700
5. Kisan (Classified under two different families) 1 50,378
6. Mother tongues outside India 103 3,15,466
7. Unclassified 530 63,258
TOTAL 1,652 43,89,36,918

Table 10 - Mother Tongues in Census of India 1961

Mother Tongue Population 21. Agari 19 42. Andhi 14 63. Askarrdi 2

1. Abhahatik 2 22. Agaria 235 43. Andhra 72 64. Assamese 16,328,311
2. Abor/Adi 9,389 23. Agarwali 36 44. Anga 13,675 65. Assirian 10
3. Achik 10 24. Agrawali 5 45. Angami 102,648 66. Asuri 10,896
4. Ad Dharmi 2 25. Agsula 2 46. Anharic 2 67. Atavika 7
5. Adhuni 12 26. Ahenai 2 47. Annamese 115 68. Aurkhati 2
6. Adi Dravida 228 27. Ahirani 873,072 48. Ao 138,588 69. Australian 12
7. Adibhasha 11,537 28. Ahir i 3,828 49. Apatani 425 70. Austrian 14
8. Adibhasha-Bho 62 29. Ahiri-Hindi 10 50. Arabic/Arbi 42,816 71. Awadhi 1,267,874
9. Adibhasha /Ora 5,042 30. Ahirwati 50,686 51. Araji 5 72. Babar Pahari 10
10. Adibhasha-Mu 31,536 31. Aia Alam 2 52. Arakanese 25,058 73. Babari 5
11. Adibhasha-Nag 5 32. Aimol 259 53. Arava 581 74. Bachadji 665
12. Adim 58 33. Ajmeri 1,392 54. Ardhamagadhi 46 75. Badaga 205,111
13. Adivasi 163 34. Aka/Hrusso 194 55. Are 6,218 76. Badhri 2
14. Adivasi-Bhili 17 35. Alanic 14 56. Arki Pahari 26 77. Bagalyoni 12
15. Adkuri 1,080 36. Alkari 26 57. Arleng 41 78. Baghati 9,542
16. Adnis 7 37. Almori 58 58. Armenian 149 79. Baghelkhandi 1,336,882
17. Advichanchi 41 38. Alwari 43 59. Ascrini 7 80. Baghli Pahari 166
18. Afghani/Kabuli 27,046 39. American 108 60. Ashai 2 81. Baglani 5
19. African 283 40. Anal 13,253 61. Ashia 2 82. Bagri 1,586
20. African Krue 2 41. Andamanese 14 62. Ashing 110 83. Bagri-Rajasthi 743,767

56 | N a t i o n a l R e s o u r c e C e n t e r Serve-A-Language
84. Baha 5 150. Benjua 550 216. Bilaspuri 6,900 282. Charani 461
85. Bahane 22 151. Beradi 293 217. Bilaspuri/Kahli 65,350 283. Chari Chong 511
86. Bahawalpuri 1,536 152. Beriya 346 218. Bilni 24 284. Chathgir 17
87. Bahe 10 153. Bete 7,114 219. Binhari 34 285. Chau Bhasha 1,159
88. Bahti 125 154. Betuli 12 220. Binjhwari 3,065 286. Chaubar 17
89. Bahusar 929 155. Bhadauri 2 221. Birhor 1,416 287. Chaupali 5
90. Baigani 8,935 156. Bhadrawahi 80,479 222. Birjia/Brijia/ 5,738 288. Chaurasi 1,046
91. Bairagi 2 157. Bhadri 26 223. Bishnupuriya 36,437 289. Chenchu 547
92. Baisali 194 158. Bhadruvali 2 224. Bithalanean 2 290. Chero 2
93. Baisiya 65 159. Bhagali 2 225. Biyogi 2 291. Cherwani 24
94. Baite 490 160. Bhagalpuri 3,091 226. Bodo/Boro 868,322 292. Chetori 5
95. Baiti 12 161. Bhagat 506 227. Bojwari 2 293. Chettibhasha- 1,706
96. Bakatan 2 162. Bhagnadi 156 228. Bokar 192 294. Chettibhas-Kon 3,230
97. Bakerwali 14,258 163. Bhagnari 233 229. Bolti Zaban 5 295. Chhari 223
98. Bakhli 12 164. Bhagri Pahari 2 230. Bomba 7 296. Chhattisgarhi 7,108,891
99. Balabanhu 2,422 165. Bhagwati 5 231. Bombagga 22 297. Chhekari 19
100. Balai 108 166. Bhajer 2 232. Bondala 24 298. Chhika Chhiki 1,313
101. Balauri 125 167. Bhale si 420 233. Bondili 504 299. Chhushmeni 5
102. Balbanagiri 36 168. Bhali 278 234. Bongcher 14 300. Chibhali 2
103. Balhapuri 7 169. Bhamti 7 235. Bori 29 301. Chilasi 197
104. Baliai 10 170. Bhandari 12 236. Bori-Abor/Adi 139 302. Chinawari 19
105. Balinese 2 171. Bhangari 7 237. Brahmani 86 303. Chind 22
106. Baliyani 2 172. Bhangra 74 238. Brain 14 304. Chinese/Chini 35,057
107. Balochi/Baluchi 5,570 173. Bharati 5,083 239. Braj Bhasha 182,854 305. Chini Pahari 14
108. Balsani Pahari 17 174. Bharatpuri 590 240. Brazil 10 306. Chin- 658
109. Balti 80,570 175. Bharia 598 241. Brokpa 1,306 307. Chiru 8,616
110. Balvan 5 176. Bharmarui/ 134,942 242. Bucher 151 308. Chitodi 53
111. Banai 1,265 177. Bhat kal 5 243. Budabukkala 67 309. Chmrali 5
112. Banarasi 89 178. Bhateali 76,613 244. Budali 2 310. Chodhari 143,357
113. Banari 12 179. Bhateali Bharm 14 245. Budhi 6,634 311. Chongloi 5
114. Banbhasha 17 180. Bhateali Cham 12 246. Budubudike 34 312. Chotanagpuri 2
115. Bandubal 7 181. Bhateali Gadi 77 247. Bugluyani 19 313. Chote 2,484
116. Bangala 50 182. Bhateali Hindi 703 248. Bukhari 19 314. Chovoel 2
117. Bangargi 5 183. Bhatia 444 249. Bundelkhandi 52,956 315. Chow 5
118. Bangarni 5 184. Bhatiari 1,032 250. Bunhar 2 316. Christian 70
119. Bangaru 276 185. Bhatri 204,166 251. Bunjwali 1,320 317. Chulikata/Idu 439
120. Bangni 67 186. Bhattiani 19 252. Burdi 346 318. Churahi 104,995
121. Bangro 19 187. Bhigoli 2 253. Burgandi 4,651 319. Ciol 2
122. Banjari 1,422,370 188. Bhilali 838,349 254. Burgaza 7 320. Commanga 2
123. Banor 5 189. Bhili 1,846,416 255. Burma Group 25,174 321. Congolese 94
124. Bansbali 2,328 190. Bhilodi 142,183 256. Burmese 6,890 322. Coor 173
125. Banshi 166 191. Bhim 550 257. Byadha 118 323. Coorgi/Kodagu 187,613
126. Banspuri 158 192. Bhimchaura 310 258. Cambodian 48 324. Corsican 2
127. Bansyari 862 193. Bhivadi 2 259. Canadian 185 325. Curahi Gadi 34
128. Banthli 10 194. Bhogta 48 260. Cang-Naga 27,190 326. Cushai 17
129. Baori 4,992 195. Bhohoe 7 261. Canter 41 327. Cutch 19
130. Barad 154 196. Bhoi-Khasi 1,562 262. Canthars 2 328. Czech/ 276
131. Barai 5 197. Bhoi-Marathi 274 263. Celtic 5 329. Dafla 3,312
132. Bare 2,182 198. Bhojpuri 19,115,412 264. Ceylonese/ 2,033 330. Dahanagari 446
133. Barel 416,350 199. Bhopali 24 265. Chabeli 5 331. Dakani/Musalm 516
134. Barik 1,930 200. Bhotia- 71,695 266. Chachadi 1,284 332. Dakhuria 5
135. Barjaian 67 201. Bhoyari 12,931 267. Chachi 2 333. Dakkala 17
136. Barochi 2 202. Bhuani 506 268. Chakesang 24,744 334. Dakshini 5
137. Basali 2 203. Bhuiya/Bhuyan 24 269. Chakma 96,170 335. Daldi 74
138. Basauli 571 204. Bhuiya -Oriya 10,642 270. Chakru 20,014 336. Dalu 24
139. Bashahri 1,241 205. Bhuj 2 271. Chamaiya 34 337. Dalue 2
140. Bask 2 206. Bhulia 6,490 272. Chamari 5,340 338. Damal 2
141. Basque 12 207. Bhumij 340,807 273. Chamba Pahari 7 339. Dandasi 110
142. Basti 5 208. Bhumijali 84 274. Chameali 104,856 340. Dangchaga 137
143. Baudh 5 209. Bhunjia 2 275. Chameali Hindi 5 341. Dangi 145,402
144. Bavari 2 210. Bhutani 3,691 276. Champ 2 342. Danish 1,270
145. Bavchi 7 211. Bhutnagri 348 277. Chandari 734 343. Darchini 5
146. Beldari 6,485 212. Bidichoras 50 278. Change 2 344. Dardi 16,795
147. Belgian 101 213. Bihari 35,856 279. Changru 12 345. Darhi 19
148. Bengali 81,010,579 214. Bijapuri 5 280. Changsen 811 346. Darlong 1,961
149. Bengani 19 215. Bikaneri 113 281. Chaperar 12 347. Darwi 211

Serve-A-Language N a t i o n a l R e s o u r c e C e n t e r | 57
348. Dasari 62 414. Eurasian 2 480. Gondani 641 546. Hijomdel 2
349. Dati 5 415. European 22 481. Gondi 3,322,370 547. Himachali 1,430
350. Dayyala Bhasha 46 416. Ewe 5 482. Goodi 22 548. Hindi 295,261,174
351. Dehari 43 417. Fatma 2 483. Goolla 1,102 549. Hindi Mandeali 1,190
352. Dehati 5 418. Fernada 2 484. Gopal 322 550. Hindi Mehlogi 5
353. Deke 5 419. Fijian 5 485. Gora 2 551. Hindi Pahari 13,778
354. Deori 21,847 420. Finnish 65 486. Gorakpuri 530 552. Hindi Punjabi 77
355. Derasmati 2 421. Firangi 12 487. Gorh 314 553. Hindko 389
356. Derawal 2 12 422. Flemish 302 488. Gorhathi 2 554. Hindustani 292,826
357. Desbadi 931 423. French 6,223 489. Gorila 96 555. Hmar 61,272
358. Deshi 566 424. Fugian 2 490. Gorkahali 40,961 556. Ho 1,556,062
359. Deswali 1,025 425. Fulmali 24 491. Gosai 5 557. Holiya 7,423
360. Deswali/Hariani 8,167 426. Fulnagri 5 492. Gosavi 564 558. Hoshiarpuri 204
361. Deswayi 1,478 427. Gabaro 204 493. Gouda prakrut 55 559. Hudia 14
362. Devanagari 821 428. Gadaba 96,463 494. Gouda Sarasw 70 560. Hungarian 149
363. Dewar Boli 648 429. Gadal 2 495. Gouriya 602 561. Hungyo 10
364. Dhallu 2 430. Gadaria 1,368 496. Govari 9,583 562. Indian 53
365. Dhamdi 3,744 431. Gadi Chameali 2,635 497. Gowala 38 563. Indoi 9,866
366. Dhamyani 2 432. Gadi Hindi 46 498. Gowro 11,525 564. Indonesian 1,015
367. Dhanderi 31 433. Gadia Lohari 79 499. Goyali 2 565. Inkari 1,757
368. Dhandi 785 434. Gadoli 108 500. Greek 1,274 566. Irani/Iranian 2,107
369. Dhangri 10,505 435. Gadya Bhasha 98 501. Gudaspuri 7 567. Iraqui 10
370. Dhanki 900 436. Gaelic 5 502. Gujarati 48,254,030 568. Irish 199
371. Dhanwari 55 437. Gagar 10 503. Gujari 4,586 569. Irula/Iruliga 9,898
372. Dharampuri 5 438. Gahora 125 504. Gujaru 58,985 570. Islami 298
373. Dharampuria 2,479 439. Gaiki 58 505. Gujjari 12,329 571. Israeli 17
374. Dhedgujari 115 440. Gallong 2,119 506. Gulgulia 48 572. Italian 2,302
375. Dhedi 12 441. Gamti/Gavit 91,603 507. Gur 461 573. Jabakhri 19
376. Dhelki 139 442. Ganga 362 508. Gurjara 727 574. Jad 734
377. Dhelki-Oriya 782 443. Gangapari 410 509. Gurmukhi 313,853 575. Jadeji 5,786
378. Dhimal 26 444. Gangasi 2 510. Gurung 197 576. Jagannathi 3,137
379. Dhiwari 300 445. Gangte 11,729 511. Gurvi 24 577. Jaini 2,462
380. Dhodia 73,370 446. Ganju 46 512. Gusara 2 578. Jaintia 35,215
381. Dhundhari 3,820,382 447. Gaoli 1,954 513. Guthara 2 579. Jaipuri 195,634
382. Dhurwa 59,138 448. Garhwali 1,943,921 514. Gwalri 137 580. Jamatia 34,853
383. Dichi 5 449. Garo 736,896 515. Hadem 408 581. Jamthali 5
384. Digaru 240 450. Garpagari 17 516. Haijong/Hajong 21,259 582. Jamuali 1,819
385. Dimasa 78,499 451. Garudi 242 517. Hairamba 482 583. Jamuali Hindi 34
386. Dingal 22 452. Gaudo 72 518. Hakkipikki 194 584. Jamuwal Gojri 17
387. Diwhe 17 453. Gaunti 2 519. Halabi 719,184 585. Jangali 266
388. Dogri 2,111,395 454. Gavari 2 520. Halai 24 586. Jangali-Korwa 84
389. Dogri Hindi 34 455. Gawari 11,198 521. Halam 41,383 587. Jangi 278
390. Doharahu 814 456. Gayari 38 522. Hali 2 588. Japanese 2,364
391. Domali 269 457. Gazai 72 523. Halian 5 589. Jarasi 5
392. Dombari 24 458. Geneng 22 524. Halvado 7 590. Jatapu 46,721
393. Dommara 2,311 459. German 6,163 525. Hamar 2 591. Jati 74
394. Domra 12 460. Ghamoli 2 526. Hamari-Santali 2,167 592. Jatki 202
395. Dondiyali 2 461. Ghanese 26 527. Handuri 331 593. Jatki-Punjabi 19
396. Dorachuttam 2 462. Ghanjhari 10 528. Hanemadi 2 594. Jaunsari 129,893
397. Dorl i 85,092 463. Ghasi 511 529. Hangseen/ 38 595. Javalpuri 2
398. Dravidam 127 464. Ghati 137 530. Hangui 10 596. Javanese/Java 1,157
399. Dubli 34 465. Ghatwal 298 531. Hanoi 26 597. Jawali Pahari 7
400. Dukpa 2,678 466. Ghazipuri 2 532. Haokeep 6,422 598. Jesalmeri 22
401. Dulai 2 467. Ghircharg 2 533. Har 22 599. Jhalo Malo 10
402. Dunavi Pahari 2 468. Ghisadi 4,262 534. Hara 89 600. Jhamral 300
403. Dungari 389 469. Gilgiti 182 535. Haranshikari 458 601. Jhangi 2
404. Dutch 1,680 470. Girdu 2 536. Harauti 1,346,482 602. Jhara 290
405. Dwed Boli 2 471. Goanese 10,368 537. Hardasi 10 603. Jhari 17
406. East Indian 17 472. Godagali 96 538. Hasang 2 604. Jharia 4,932
407. Egyptian 7 473. Godari 122 539. Hatakari 19 605. Jhora 2
408. Ekidi 10 474. Godhami 2 540. Hattiya Ki Boli 50 606. Jodhpuri 144
409. Elonguria 2 475. Godwari 326 541. Hawaii 5 607. Jogala 46
410. English 537,074 476. Gohari 7 542. Hebrew/Jewish 1,214 608. Jogi 24
411. Etawali 7 477. Gojri 502,385 543. Heirlese 2 609. Jogsani 10
412. Ethiopian 7 478. Golari 6,218 544. Helgo 7 610. Johari 19
413. Eti 62 479. Golari-Kannada 737 545. Hengna 5 611. Jokhri 5

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612. Jord 2 678. Kashali 2 744. Kikiya 12 810. Kota 2,294
613. Jubbali 859 679. Kashi Kapadi 24 745. Killikyati 43 811. Kotali 1,092
614. Junkuku 2 680. Kashj 34 746. Kilong 24 812. Kotaran 14
615. Jwang 37,908 681. Kashmiri 4,594,670 747. Kipgen 185 813. Kotgarhi 2
616. Kabui 72,214 682. Kashmiri Pahari 137 748. Kir 43 814. Kotvali 6,706
617. Kacha Naga 23,362 683. Kasmiri Hindi 5 749. Kirari 1,517 815. Koya 337,862
618. Kachari 156,622 684. Kaspar 19 750. Kisan-Bhumij 10,966 816. Koyri 5
619. Kachari-Bengali 890 685. Kasturi 22 751. Kisan-Kurukh 245 817. Kristi 2
620. Kachchhi 941,398 686. Kasturi Bhasha 34 752. Kisan-Santali 98 818. Ksarwar 2
621. Kadi 14 687. Katgi 149 753. Kishanganjia 133,433 819. Kshatri 2,249
622. Kadubhasha 1,651 688. Kathiyawadi 7,174 754. Kishangarhi 20,659 820. Kshatriya-Gujar 2
623. Kafir Group 2 689. Kathodi 3,866 755. Kishtwari 27,919 821. Kshatriya-Mara 37,145
624. Kahari 1,771 690. Katia 15,626 756. Kiunthali 319 822. Kuchbandhi 29
625. Kaikadi 20,294 691. Katiga 22 757. Klbeli 1,927 823. Kudu 2
626. Kailai 4,920 692. Katkari 11,882 758. Kmer 10 824. Kudubi 18,816
627. Kaipang 4,745 693. Kattunaichen 2 759. Ko Bashai 226 825. Kui 1,226,177
628. Kaisid 5 694. Katwi 7 760. Koch 19,740 826. Kuki- 69,463
629. Kalahandi 1,231 695. Kauri 17 761. Koda/Kora 76,138 827. Kuli 331
630. Kalahari 17 696. Kavara 86 762. Koduva 2 828. Kully 5
631. Kalali 4,313 697. Kaw 2 763. Kogate 106 829. Kului 119,662
632. Kalari 113 698. Kawami 2 764. Koghani 365 830. Kumadri 2
633. Kalazan 2 699. Kawri 14 765. Kohistani 559 831. Kumauni 2,472,180
634. Kallar 2 700. Kedhi 2 766. Koireng 1,274 832. Kumbhari 650
635. Kalwi 2 701. Kerala 10 767. Kok Barak 7 833. Kumharsaini 5
636. Kamadun 5 702. Kewati 8,323 768. Kokadi 41 834. Kumki 5
637. Kaman 2 703. Khaira 43,980 769. Kokag 12 835. Kunali 2
638. Kamargam 2 704. Khairari 266,520 770. Kokna /Kukna 203,462 836. Kunbau 53
639. Kamari 25,478 705. Khalpa 2 771. Kol 154,716 837. Kuncherukala 60
640. Kamat 5 706. Khama 17 772. Kolami 110,556 838. Kundh 2
641. Kamathi 367 707. Khamba 55 773. Kolchi 2,410 839. Kunihari Pahari 7
642. Kami 12 708. Khambu 60 774. Koldi 127 840. Kunija 2
643. Kammara 154 709. Khami 2 775. Kolhati 2,285 841. Kunkhardcong 12
644. Kanashi 1,351 710. Khampa 2 776. Koli 557 842. Kunsar 2
645. Kanauji 26 711. Khanali 2 777. Koli-Gujarati 46 843. Kuravanji 238
646. Kanauri 68,712 712. Khanchi Wari 10,613 778. Kolkamar 499 844. Kurmali Thar 2,563
647. Kanauri Hindi 2 713. Khandeshi 8,861 779. Kom 13,147 845. Kurmi 842
648. Kandi 38 714. Khandvi 53 780. Konagar 17 846. Kurmi-Hindi 2
649. Kandiali 62 715. Khansi 48 781. Konai 24 847. Kuruba 21,115
650. Kandra 10 716. Kharia 425,182 782. Konavar 5 848. Kurukal 10
651. Kandri 2 717. Khariboli 14,373,907 783. Konda 29,515 849. Kurukh/Oraon 2,719,034
652. Kangali 2 718. Kharkhadi 2 784. Kongar 2,165 850. Kuruva 516
653. Kangilu 34 719. Khasal 1,867 785. Kongbo 674 851. Kuruvukkaran 74
654. Kangri Pahari 2,179 720. Khasbodi 17 786. Kongkoi 14 852. Kutal 5
655. Kangril 18,739 721. Khasi 873,751 787. Konkani 3,209,122 853. Kuthari 67
656. Kanjari 4,344 722. Khati 125 788. Konkari 12 854. Kutiyali Pahari 53
657. Kankeri 245 723. Khatri-Sauash 4,296 789. Konwar 108 855. Labanic 5
658. Kanki 2 724. Khattai 10 790. Konyak 137,086 856. Labori 7
659. Kannada 41,533,510 725. Khawathlang 2 791. Konyo 34 857. Laccadive 5
660. Kansale 2 726. Khelma 1,733 792. Kora-Banjari 70 858. Ladakhi 126,991
661. Kantari 53 727. Kherwari 1,553 793. Koracha 8,321 859. Ladar 74
662. Kapati 7 728. Khezha 21,187 794. Koraga 461 860. Ladhadi 732
663. Karai 5 729. Khiemnungam 29,844 795. Koraku 127 861. Ladhari 552
664. Karandgam 22 730. Khoirao 974 796. Korama-Kanna 2,028 862. Ladi 226
665. Karandi 89 731. Khoja 41 797. Koraputi 367 863. Lagodu 7
666. Karangam 353 732. Khokili 31 798. Korava 13,901 864. Laheha 2
667. Karbong 173 733. Khond/Kondh 403,265 799. Korchi 893 865. Lahnda 19
668. Kardhani 19 734. Khongzai 7 800. Korean 7 866. Lahuli 27,389
669. Karen 1,034 735. Khorpi 26 801. Korku 528,581 867. Lahuli of Cham 7,250
670. Kargoni 14 736. Khortha/Khotta 680,786 802. Korlani 259 868. Lakher 22,874
671. Karhadi 36 737. Khowar 7 803. Korwa 42,528 869. Lalgi 2
672. Karkarmundi 48 738. Khowar Group 7 804. Korwaa 39,086 870. Lalung 25,382
673. Karmali 218,038 739. Khristy 29 805. Kosan 2 871. Lama 142
674. Karnataka 180 740. Khuku 34 806. Kosari 598 872. Lamani/ ,630,471
675. Karumkhatan 50 741. Kidki 5 807. Kosavan 98 873. Lamgang 4,478
676. Karwali 5 742. Kigoi 2 808. Koshti-Bundeli 12 874. Lamzali 53
677. Karwari 677 743. Kikaya 14 809. Koshti-Marathi 65,551 875. Lande 12

Serve-A-Language N a t i o n a l R e s o u r c e C e n t e r | 59
876. Langrong 420 942. Mahto 17 1008. Mate 144 1074. Mura 1,231
877. Langtung 12 943. Mai 5 1009. Mateli 96 1075. Murari 38
878. Langu 2 944. Maiki-Buruba/ 2,801 1010. Mathanga 2 1076. Murasing 53
879. Laosi 2 945. Maina 34 1011. Mathuri 6,794 1077. Muria 52,872
880. Laosia 5 946. Mainpuri 26 1012. Mathuri-Banjari 6,600 1078. Muria-Hindi 401
881. Laotian 31 947. Maithili 11,963,546 1013. Matia 566 1079. Mursum 10,766
882. Laria 109,258 948. Majajani- 24 1014. Matrai 2 1080. Mushahar 382
883. Larka 77 949. Majhawari 17 1015. Matu 509 1081. Muslim Pahari 2
884. Lashkari 7 950. Majhi-Korwa 3,214 1016. Mawchi 102,809 1082. Muttari 2
885. Latin 163 951. Makhiya 5 1017. Mech 24,487 1083. Muwasi 23,590
886. Lazodi 1,164 952. Makrani 82 1018. Meghwali 91 1084. Muzaffarpuria 151
887. Lebanonese 17 953. Makware 1,846 1019. Mehari 10 1085. Myalor 2
888. Lemei 6,547 954. Mala Bhasha 151 1020. Mehtar 7 1086. Mysore 2
889. Lepcha 56,894 955. Malabar 108 1021. Mejwari 9,514 1087. Nagar 67
890. Leyalpuri 12 956. Malai/Malay/ 1,481 1022. Melashi 5 1088. Nagarchal 68,729
891. Lhouvum 2 957. Malani 1,349 1023. Meluri-Rengma 10 1089. Nagarchi 178
892. Liangmei 6,929 958. Malantha 2 1024. Memani 1,699 1090. Nagari-Hindi 16,154
893. Libo 10 959. Malari 24 1025. Memba 158 1091. Nagari-Kannad 5
894. Limbu 13,003 960. Malayalam 1,133 1026. Metali 5 1092. Nagari-Malayal 2
895. Lingayati 118 961. Malekudi 5 1027. Mewari 4,449,046 1093. Nagari-Marathi 38
896. Lithuanian 2 962. Malgiri 89 1028. Mewati 116,225 1094. Naga- 79,999
897. Lodha 12 963. Malhar 185 1029. Mi Shing 80,184 1095. Nagauri 77
898. Lodhanti 19 964. Mali 2,326 1030. Mijai 2 1096. Nagbanshi 12
899. Lodhi 65,743 965. Mallayakka 40,787,806 1031. Miji 2 1097. Nagesia 3,562
900. Logli 5 966. Malmaja 12 1032. Miju 257 1098. Nagi 5
901. Lohara 703 967. Malnuti 2 1033. Mikir 371,486 1099. Nagli 46
902. Lohari 278 968. Malo 41 1034. Mikum 7 1100. Nagpuri 2
903. Lohari-Kurukh 1,697 969. Malpaharia 21,785 1035. Milang 50 1101. Nagpuri- Magi 224,138
904. Lohari-Malpaha 65 970. Malsan Pahari 2 1036. Minyong 2,947 1102. Nagpuri-Marat 36
905. Lohari-Marathi 118 971. Maltese 50 1037. Mioli 14 1103. Nagwanshi 12
906. Lohari-Munda 295 972. Maltis 2 1038. Mirdha-Kharin 13,973 1104. Nahari 259
907. Lohari-Rajasth 811 973. Malto 212,748 1039. Mirdha-Koda/ 182 1105. Naikadi 3,586
908. Lohari-Santali 312 974. Malvi 2,741,947 1040. Mirgani 5,400 1106. Naiki-Banjari 377
909. Loher 2 975. Manaki 31 1041. Miri 327,835 1107. Naiki-Kolami 19
910. Lonari 250 976. Mandakini 2 1042. Mirpuri 235 1108. Naikpodi 110
911. Lotha 63,866 977. Mandeali 545,633 1043. Mirzapuri 1,097 1109. Nainitali 50
912. Lumhao 29 978. Mandi 22 1044. Mishmi 1,606 1110. Naiya 170
913. Lungandeu 10 979. Mandula 43 1045. Mita 2 1111. Nakkala 5
914. Lunkhul 2 980. Manduri Pahari 50 1046. Mochi 14 1112. Nalagarhi 17
915. Lushai/Mizo 533,285 981. Mangali 2 1047. Mogh 25,018 1113. Nandiwali 94
916. Luxembourgian 5 982. Mangari 2,726 1048. Moghia 211 1114. Nangeli 2
917. Madan 12 983. Manglorese 780 1049. Molu 2 1115. Narmadiya 7
918. Madari 674 984. Mangolian/ 48 1050. Momidomi 10 1116. Narnoli 86
919. Madari Kuruva 14 985. Manhali 2 1051. Mompa 2 1117. Nasang Ki Boli 7
920. Madari-Kannad 7 986. Mani 7 1052. Mondillu 10 1118. Nasuka 2
921. Madari-Nati 50 987. Manipuri/ 1,527,432 1053. Monpa 710 1119. Natakani 12,178
922. Madari-Telugu 24 988. Manjhi 5,510 1054. Monsang 3,262 1120. Nati 552
923. Madgi 7 989. Mankari 2,594 1055. Montadenchet 4,056 1121. Nawait 1,798
924. Madhesi 15,646 990. Manne 11,957 1056. Moopan 1,135 1122. Nayakula 2
925. Madrasi 14,724 991. Mao 69,295 1057. Morma 7 1123. Nazu 12
926. Madurai 24 992. Mar 2 1058. Moung 2 1124. Neelishikari 535
927. Madwali 72 993. Marahi 5 1059. Moyol 10 1125. Neglo 2
928. Magahi/Magadi 6,764,645 994. Marajee 38 1060. Moyon 1,553 1126. Nehara 62
929. Magari 50 995. Maral 72 1061. Mru 115 1127. Neisel 24
930. Mahajani 55 996. Maram 11,827 1062. Muchi 996 1128. Neof 5
931. Mahajani- Pah 127 997. Marari 90,581 1063. Mughaliay 10 1129. Nepali 2,409,662
932. Mahakuri 34 998. Marathi 78,641,813 1064. Mulki 2 1130. Nepali Hindi 2
933. Mahar 43 999. Marchha 1,128 1065. Mullu 10 1131. Newari 682
934. Maharajshahi 7 1000. Maria 156,890 1066. Mulsom 694 1132. Ngaite 5
935. Mahari 1,037 1001. Maring 18,588 1067. Multani 13,824 1133. Nicobarese 33,446
936. Mahaswali 10 1002. Marli 26 1068. Mumhara 5 1134. Nigerian 2
937. Mahato 108 1003. Marwari 14,981,878 1069. Mundala 38 1135. Nihali 2,801
938. Mahesri 502 1004. Marwari Gondi 67 1070. Mundari 1,768,889 1136. Nimadi 1,267,613
939. Mahili 47,273 1005. Mashan 2 1071. Munda- 627,967 1137. Ning 38
940. Mahl/Maldivian 9,991 1006. Masti 2 1072. Mundi 5 1138. Nishang 24
941. Mahlogi 12,223 1007. Mastin 41 1073. Mungi 12 1139. Noatia 10,723

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1140. Nocte 158 1206. Pankhali 2 1272. Pondri 370 1338. Riyasati 2
1141. Nokpu 2 1207. Panki 854 1273. Poosala 98 1339. Rodidasi 26
1142. Nongtung 293 1208. Paomata 18,823 1274. Portuguese 29,561 1340. Rohe 24
1143. Noor 5 1209. Parachinari 5 1275. Pothwari 26 1341. Rohilkhandi 26
1144. Norwegian 883 1210. Paradhi 24,607 1276. Powari 153,787 1342. Rohtaki 19
1145. Nudiya 2 1211. Parava 115 1277. Prakrit 12 1343. Roman 58
1146. Nuniya 137 1212. Pardesi 77,815 1278. Proja 34 1344. Roman-Hindi 7
1147. Nurpuri 2 1213. Pardhan 1,087 1279. Pubi-Maithili 96 1345. Roman-Malaya 14
1148. Oda 24 1214. Parenga 1,841 1280. Punchhi 4,507 1346. Rongmei 30,550
1149. Odanwali 14 1215. Pargar 7 1281. Punjabi 23,683,870 1347. Rose 31
1150. Odki 379 1216. Parhiya 953 1282. Punjwali 29 1348. Roumanian 242
1151. Ojhi 2,556 1217. Parikala 194 1283. Purbi 12,634 1349. Rovabi 2
1152. Onge 314 1218. Pariya 43 1284. Purnea 14 1350. Rowdhari 1,274
1153. ongheria 74 1219. Parji 203,057 1285. Purum 197 1351. Rumai 5
1154. Orangkong 12 1220. Parki 36 1286. Pussi 17 1352. Rupini 4,867
1155. Ordial 31 1221. Parsi 12,211 1287. Qustash 5 1353. Russian 2,472
1156. Oriya 37,465,766 1222. Parsi Gondi 35,976 1288. Rabha 106,637 1354. Sabari 14
1157. oswali 5 1223. Parsi-Bhumij 11,410 1289. Raghobansi 5,962 1355. Sadan/Sadri 1,278,559
1158. Ottanmoli 5 1224. Parui 7 1290. Rahiya 2,470 1356. Sadharan 31
1159. Pachhimi Hindi 2,261 1225. Parvari 143,006 1291. Rai 7,951 1357. Sadhori 7
1160. Pachhimi Hindi 12 1226. Paschima 19 1292. Raj 3,221 1358. Saharapuri 2
1161. Pachhimi Pahari 132,785 1227. pashchhimi 295 1293. Raj Gondi 804 1359. Saharasabadi 1,584
1162. Padam 1,464 1228. Pasi 67 1294. Rajasthani 1,930,258 1360. Saibya 262
1163. Padari 15,245 1229. Pasi-Abor/Ado 26 1295. Rajawati 175 1361. Saimal 98
1164. Padhakhy 2 1230. Pasma 34 1296. Rajbangsi 45,029 1362. Sairi 17
1165. Padmashali 38 1231. Pasoba 7 1297. Rajbhar 38 1363. Sale 84
1166. Padvi 518 1232. Patani 2 1298. Rajghar 106 1364. Sali 22
1167. Pahari 403 1233. Pathari 228 1299. Rajhari 1,694 1365. Sam 77
1168. Pahari 22,997,959 1234. Patharwati 34 1300. Rajputani 11,760 1366. Samagara 5
1169. Pahari Almorah 2 1235. Pathisadi 24 1301. Rajputi 2 1367. Samaria 977
1170. Pahari- Birjia / 10 1236. Pathlu 108 1302. Rajwari 194 1368. Sambhalpuri 43
1171. Pahari Chama 2 1237. Patiali Pahari 2 1303. Rak 917 1369. Samchu 10
1172. Pahari Dehra 60 1238. Patkari 3,089 1304. Rakay 58 1370. Samishra 41
1173. Pahari Kiru 50 1239. Patsani Pahari 2 1305. Rakchhai 10 1371. Sanap 2
1174. Pahari Kotkhai 2 1240. Pattam Bhasha 12 1306. Ralte 408 1372. Sangtam 37,229
1175. Pahari Punjabi 58 1241. Pattani 26 1307. Ramdasi 2 1373. Sankara 82
1176. Pahari Tikkari 2 1242. Pattapu Bhasha 2,671 1308. Ramgarhiya 2 1374. Sankara /Yeru 214
1177. Pahari U.P. 487 1243. Patvi 89 1309. Ramo 19 1375. Sanku 2
1178. Paharia 5,489 1244. Pawi 16,478 1310. Rampuri 17 1376. Sansi 1,121
1179. Paidi 9,521 1245. Pawite 5 1311. Ranat 5 1377. Sanskrit 6,106
1180. Paik 19 1246. Pawri 92,623 1312. Ranati 19 1378. Santali 7,792,939
1181. Pailibo 43 1247. Pendhari 26 1313. Ranchi 667 1379. Saperi 262
1182. Paite 44,669 1248. Pengu 3,010 1314. Rangareji 190 1380. Sapru 2
1183. Pajalwani 238 1249. Persian 19,217 1315. Rangari 998 1381. Saraiya 48
1184. Paki 2,102 1250. Peshawari 559 1316. Rangdania 53 1382. Sardari 22
1185. Pakistan 14 1251. Phaktun 2 1317. Rangkhol 11,162 1383. Sarnarthi 10
1186. Palandi 36 1252. Phelungre 605 1318. Ranthia 31 1384. Sarodi 3,250
1187. Pali 223 1253. Philippine 43 1319. Rasmiati 65 1385. Sarsar 14
1188. Paliya 101 1254. Phom 32,136 1320. Rathauri 1,402 1386. Sarwariya 31
1189. Pallakkal 7 1255. Pichakuntla 62 1321. Rathi 6,878 1387. Sasi 2
1190. Palvi 634 1256. Pilgar 41 1322. Rathia 113 1388. Sasna 53
1191. Palwali 2 1257. Pingal 125 1323. Ratiya 17 1389. Saswari 7
1192. Pameko 341 1258. Pinjari 223 1324. Ravli 2 1390. Sathari 108
1193. Pamidi 2,947 1259. Pittala Bhasha 314 1325. Rawati 218 1391. Satnami 1,315
1194. Pamula Bhasha 55 1260. Pnar/Synteng 132,271 1326. Razali 22 1392. Satrali 22
1195. Pancha 70 1261. Poba 19 1327. Reang 156,010 1393. Saunti 5,081
1196. Panchali 1,102 1262. Pochury 44,400 1328. Rebucheba 2 1394. Saurashtra 378,168
1197. Panchpargania 139,073 1263. Poguli 22,819 1329. Reddi Bhasha 55 1395. Saurashtri 274
1198. Panchrangi 14 1264. Pohani 12 1330. Regari 576 1396. Sauria 74
1199. Pandi 5 1265. Poi 5 1331. Rekhti 46 1397. Savaji 5
1200. Pando 15,173 1266. Pokrine 2 1332. Relli 12,708 1398. Savara 637,730
1201. Pang 521 1267. Polish 89 1333. Rengma 14,244 1399. Sayeng 10
1202. Pangi 36 1268. Poma 3,610 1334. Rewapari 1,034 1400. Scottish 58
1203. Pangsha 2 1269. Pomla 98 1335. Riba 14 1401. Seema 2
1204. Pangwali 19,668 1270. Pomo 43 1336. Rienauni 48 1402. Seesa Kammari 19
1205. Pania 12,530 1271. Pondara 370 1337. Rishi 19 1403. Seheria 5

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 1404. Sellum 2 1466. Subba 3,017 1528. Tewari 55 1590. Urani 2
1405. Sema 113,914 1467. Sudanese 10 1529. Tezang 5 1591. Uravan 7
1406. Sengou 2 1468. Sudia 1,054 1530. Thado 76,738 1592. Urdu 55,975,313
1407. Serbocroatian 2 1469. Sugujia 7,423 1531. Thakai 5 1593. Urmasha 101
1408. Servari 2 1470. Sujathigar 2 1532. Thakri 10,142 1594. Usthu 2
1409. Servi 62 1471. Suketi 11,774 1533. Thali 1,140 1595. Utakali 1,142
1410. Seypho 2 1472. Sulung 7 1534. Thangngen 482 1596. Uttari 29
1411. Shaja 2 1473. Sungi 2 1535. Thaper 2 1597. Uttari Pahari 24
1412. Sham 2 1474. Sunkarad 2 1536. Thar 37,428 1598. Vadaga 564
1413. Shamnuyangan 22,706 1475. Sunwar 713 1537. Thari 2 1599. Vadakkali 2
1414. Shan 2 1476. Surali 5 1538. Tharu 26,822 1600. Vadari 49,570
1415. Shekasip 235 1477. Surapuri 67,421 1539. Tharu Awadhi 7 1601. Vaidu 151
1416. Shekhawati 53,184 1478. Surti 2 1540. Thatma 10 1602. Vaipaki 2
1417. Sherdukpen 24 1479. Suto 2 1541. Thatwari 2 1603. Vaiphei 20,777
1418. Sherpa 14,815 1480. Swadeshi 2 1542. Theevari 5 1604. Vaival 5
1419. Shikari 679 1481. Swahili 127 1543. Theogi Pahari 2 1605. Valluvamoli 7
1420. Shina 2,054 1482. Swani 7 1544. Thoti 814 1606. Valmiki 19
1421. Shompen 168 1483. Swedish 701 1545. Tibetan 83,352 1607. Vani 29
1422. Shone 7 1484. Swiss 180 1546. Tibia 2 1608. Varanchiti 2
1423. Shongthu 36 1485. Syriac 14 1547. Tidim 10 1609. Varli 109,452
1424. Shusha 26 1486. Taban 5 1548. Tikhak 708 1610. Vasava 30,972
1425. Siamese/Thai 3,334 1487. Tableng 34 1549. Tikhir 5,966 1611. Vatu 2
1426. Siberian 2 1488. Tabu 2,297 1550. Tilali 127 1612. Veddy 94
1427. Sigitvia 2 1489. Tadavi 9,833 1551. Tinauli 7 1613. Vedic 2
1428. Sikalgari 1,279 1490. Tagalog 5 1552. Tirahutiya 2,736 1614. Vedpali 2
1429. Sikhi 29 1491. Tagin 547 1553. Tirbandi 48 1615. Venzutick 2
1430. Sikkari 70 1492. Taharine 2 1554. Tirguli 2,400 1616. Vettuva 22
1431. Sikkim Bhotia 88,224 1493. Taiphakial 2 1555. Tlangtlang 7 1617. Vietnamese 158
1432. Silpi 53 1494. Takam 70 1556. Toda 1,836 1618. Vondala 14
1433. Simla Pahari 77 1495. Takankari 22 1557. Tolar 12 1619. Votga 14
1434. Simni 166 1496. Takari 242 1558. Tolcha 14 1620. Wagdi 1,816,286
1435. Simong 2 1497. Talami 7 1559. Topi 2 1621. Wai Ala 2
1436. Simte 22,999 1498. Talavia 12 1560. Toto 919 1622. Wakarali 2
1437. Sindhi 2,344,855 1499. Tamang 11,854 1561. Totoja 113 1623. Walli 5
1438. Singli 17 1500. Tamaria 12,108 1562. Towargarhi 10 1624. Walmiki 7
1439. Singpho 1,966 1501. Tamboli 341 1563. Travankorian 2 1625. Walvi 1,428
1440. Singson 58 1502. Tamil 73,117,061 1564. Trimali 5 1626. Wancho 6,511
1441. Sinos 2 1503. Tanda 86 1565. Tripuri 719,143 1627. Wandgiri 2
1442. Sipari 1,169 1504. Tandara 74 1566. Trivedi 5 1628. Wani 7
1443. Siraji 5 1505. Tandil 2 1567. Tulu 2,243,638 1629. War 9,250
1444. Siraji-Inner 16,462 1506. Tanganyika 2 1568. Tumbal 2 1630. Warhadi 14
1445. Siraji-Kashmiri 47,947 1507. Tangbo 22 1569. Tumbekaru 175 1631. Watankari 22
1446. Sirmauri 267,338 1508. Tangkhul 105,648 1570. Tungo 2 1632. Welsh 50
1447. Sirmauri Hindi 257 1509. Tangsa 1,104 1571. Turi 3,749 1633. Yagistani 10
1448. Slavic 24 1510. Tanjarvalngo 2 1572. Turkish 139 1634. Yahudi 2
1449. Slovene 2 1511. Tankera 2 1573. Uchai 1,843 1635. Yarkandi 158
1450. Sodochi 12 1512. Tanti 240 1574. Udaiyarmoli 10 1636. Yaskhila 2
1451. Sohali 3,782 1513. Tara Devi Pahi 5 1575. Udangmudria 110 1637. Yenadi/Yanadi 576
1452. Solaga 7 1514. Tarane 2 1576. Udipi 41 1638. Yerava 35,825
1453. Solaga-Kann 4,634 1515. Taroa 2 1577. Uganda 17 1639. Yero 29
1454. Solon Pahari 14 1516. Taroni 38 1578. Uhando 46 1640. Yerukala 177,540
1455. Somali 2 1517. Tashwar 2 1579. Uhord 24 1641. Yimchungre 30,415
1456. Somasahag 2 1518. Tasti 343 1580. Ujaini 137 1642. Yora 5
1457. Sonari 134 1519. Tayeng 2 1581. Ujra 5 1643. Yugoslavian 204
1458. Sondwari 142,639 1520. Tebag 12 1582. Umarpala 5 1644. Zanskari 14
1459. Songani 2 1521. Tehri 2 1583. Umathi 14 1645. Zeliang 22,704
1460. Sonjhari 98 1522. Tekari 598 1584. Indo-Aryan 8,323 1646. Zemi Naga 1,176
1461. Sonni 10 1523. Teli 46 1585. r Indo-Aryan 6,386 1647. Zindhari 151
1462. Soracholi 5 1524. Teli-Marathi 312 1586. Upabhasha 1,174 1648. Zoroastrian 10
1463. Sorathi 2 1525. Telugu 90,341,854 1587. Upama Naga 139 1649. Zou 16,226
1464. Spanish 960 1526. Temelly 7 1588. Uprima Naga 139 1650. Zunwar 5
1465. Spiti 79 1527. Tepali 2 1589. Urali 2,587

Source: Census of India 1961

62 | N a t i o n a l R e s o u r c e C e n t e r Serve-A-Language
Language Profiles – Population above 1,000,000 (Ten Lakhs)

This section gives the detailed profile of languages, which have population over one million. Maps also have been
provided in most cases. Language profiles are available for the remaining language groups. Although not included in this
document.

Language: Ahirani (ETH Code: AHR)

Mainly spoken in: Maharashtra
Population 2001: 1,865,813
Classification: Indo-Aryan
Alternate names: Ahiri.
PGs speak this language: 4 Bhoi, Mahar, Sonar, Thelari
Dialects: Preliminary findings are that it is distinct from Khandesi.
District location: Jalgaon - (180,443),

Language: Assamese (ETH Code: ASM)

Mainly spoken in: Assam
Population 2001: 12,778,735
Classification: Indo-Aryan
Alternate names: Asambe, Asami, Asamiya.
PGs speak this language: 38
Dialects: Jharwa (Pidgin), Mayang, Standard Assamese, Western Assamese.
Other States: Assam - (13,010,478), Arunachal Pradesh - (51,551), Meghalaya - (36,576),
District location:
Nowgong - (2,072,730), Kamrup - (1,493,575), Barpeta - (1,177,657), Sonipur - (1,132,558), Dibrugarh
- (1,123,528), Darrang - (970,576), Jorhat - (878,469), Sibsagar - (781,023), Nalbari - (769,412), Golaghat - (668,809), Tinsukia -
(648,906), Lakhimpur - (599,625), Marigaon - (507,244), Bongaigaon - (496,421), Dhuburi - (451,294), Goalpara - (416,872), Kokrajhar -
(273,004), Dhemaji - (243,741), Cachar - (212,690), Karbi Anglong - (184,631), Karimganj - (136,135), Hailakandi - (110,191)

Language: Awadhi (ETH Code: AWA)

Mainly spoken in: Uttar Pradesh
Population 2001: 2,529,308
Classification: Indo-Aryan
Alternate names: Abadi, Abohi, Ambodhi, Avadhi, Baiswari, Kojali, Kosali.
PGs speak this language: 28
Dialects: Gangapari, Mirzapuri, Pardesi, Uttari. Awadhi in Banke, Bardiya districts in Nepal may
not be intelligible with Awadhi in India.
Other States: Uttar Pradesh - (470,180), Bihar - (4,095), Madhya Pradesh - (3,917)
District location:
Hardoi - (711,328), Kanpur Dehat - (666,746), Sitapur - (617,507), Unnao - (602,051), Kheri -
(577,631), Kanpur Nagar - (514,458), Lucknow - (494,421), Rae Bareli - (353,178), Bara Banki - (306,877), Bahraich - (268,038), Bareilly -
(239,711), Faisabad - (235,523), Ambedkar Nagar - (228,560), Farrukhabad - (202,699), Shahjahanpur - (196,935),

Language: Bagheli/Baghel Khandi (ETH Code: BFY)

Mainly spoken in: Madhya Pradesh
Population 2001: 2,865,011
Classification: Indo-Aryan
Alternate names: Bagelkhandi, Bhugelkhud, Mannadi, Riwai, Gangai, Mandal, Kewot,
Kewat, Kawathi, Kenat, Kevat Boli, Kevati, Kewani, Kewati.
PGs speak this language:
Dialects: Ojhi (Ojaboli, Ojha, Ojhe, Oza, Ozha), Powari, Banapari, Gahore, Tirhari, Godwani
(Mandlaha), Sonpari.

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Language: Bagri (ETH Code: BGQ)
Mainly spoken in: Rajasthan
Population 2001: 1,434,123
Classification: Indo-Aryan
Alternate names: Bagari, Bagria, Bagris, Baorias, Bahgri.
PGs speak this language: 11
Asada, Bagri, Bansphor, Bawaria, Bishnoi/Vishnoi, Gancha, Jat, Jogi Kanipa,
Lavana/Labana, Lohar/Luhar, Nat
Dialects:
Lexical similarity 62% with Hindi, 65% with Haryanvi, 51% to 66% with Marwari, 58% to
69% with Merwari, 69% to 76% with Shekhawati, 47% to 63% with Godwari, 63% to 65%
with Dhundari, 60% to 66% with Mewati, 74% with Jandavra.

Language: Banjari (ETH Code: )

Mainly spoken in: Andhra Pradesh
Population 2001: 1,259,821
Classification:
PGs speak this language : 9
Banjara, Banjara Muslim, Banjara Sikh, Laban, Lambani, Lavana/Labana, Mathura Banjara,
Naik, Sugali
Other States:
Maharashtra - (768,162), Madhya Pradesh - (89,125), Andhra Pradesh - (19,692), Karnataka
- (3,932), Orissa - (3,742),
District location:
Nalgonda - (243,782), Warangal - (226,950), Yavatmal - (205,100), Khammam - (176,109),
Gulbarga - (156,491), Mahbubnagar - (122,180), Jalgaon - (103,985), Anantpur - (74,502), Davangere - (65,417), Rangareddi - (64,536),
Nanded - (64,135), Jalna - (64,120), Bellary - (62,147), Shimoga - (58,588), Bijapur - (46,647), Karimnagar - (44,897), Akola - (42,935),
Bagalkot - (42,544), Adilabad - (41,630), Chitradurga - (38,889)

Language: Bengali (ETH Code: BEN)

Mainly spoken in: West Bengal
Population 2001: 82,462,437
Classification: Indo-Aryan
Alternate names: Bangala, Bangla, Bangla-Bhasa.
PGs speak this language: 159
Dialects: Barik, Bhatiari, Chirmar, Kachari-Bengali, Lohari-Malpaharia,
Musselmani, Rajshahi, Samaria, Saraki, Siripuria (Kishanganjia).
Other States:
West Bengal - (68,369,255), Assam - (7,343,338), Jharkhand - (2,607,601), Tripura -
(2,147,994), Orissa - (490,857), Bihar - (443,426), Maharashtra - (310,137), Chhattisgarh
- (208,669), Delhi - (208,414), Meghalaya - (185,692), Uttar Pradesh - (181,634),
Uttaranchal - (123,190), Madhya Pradesh - (105,399), Arunachal Pradesh - (97,149),
District location:
Murshidabad - (15,266,697), Medinipur - (14,314,894), 24 Paganas North - (12,892,497), 24 Parganas South - (12,543,821),
Barddhaman - (10,756,767), Nadia - (8,218,796), Hugli - (7,371,129), Maldah - (7,048,887), Haora - (6,670,131), Birbhum -
(5,674,920), Kolkata - (5,132,187), Koch Bihar - (4,737,565), Bankura - (4,083,536), Dakshin Dinajpur - (3,882,966), Jalpaiguri -
(3,737,808), Nowgong - (2,536,058), Barpeta - (2,427,243), Uttar Dinajpur - (2,368,511), Karimganj - (2,292,257)

Language: Bhili (ETH Code: BHB)

Mainly spoken in: Madhya Pradesh
Population 2001: 3,313,481
Classification: Indo-Aryan
Alternate names: Bhilbari, Bhilboli, Bhilla, Bhil, Bhilodi, Vil, Bhagoria, Lengotia.
PGs speak this language : 6 Bhil, Bhilala, Dungri Garasia, Rawal, Tadvi, Vasave
Dialects: Ahiri, Anarya (Pahadi), Bhilodi, Bhim, Charani, Habura, Konkani, Kotali (Kotvali,
Kotwalia), Magra Ki Boli, Nahari (Baglani), Naikdi, Panchali, Patelia, Ranawat, Rani Bhil, Siyalgir.
District location:
Banswara - (823,019), Dhar - (533,269), Dhule - (421,047), Dungarpur - (260,064), Nandurbar

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- (240,554), Udaipur - (177,050), Ratlam - (137,129), East Nimar - (83,986), Sirohi - (80,410), Rajsamand - (66,317), Jalgaon - (27,365),
Barmer - (23,258), Thane - (21,134), Dadra & Nagar Haveli - (15,229), Chittaurgarh - (14,322), Jhabua - (11,347)

Language: Bhojpuri (ETH Code: BHO)

Mainly spoken in: Bihar
Population 2001: 33,099,497
Classification: Indo-Aryan
Alternate names: Bhojapuri, Bhozpuri, Bajpuri, Bihari, Deswali, Khotla, Piscimas.
PGs speak this language: 42
Dialects:
Northern Standard Bhojpuri (Gorakhpuri, Sarawaria, Basti), Western Standard Bhojpuri (Purbi,
Benarsi), Southern Standard Bhojpuri (Kharwari), Tharu, Madhesi, Domra, Musahari.
Other States:
Bihar - (15,869,423), Uttar Pradesh - (6,806,047), Assam - (115,918), Madhya Pradesh -
(101,033), Maharashtra - (67,008), West Bengal - (50,344), Delhi - (20,886), Arunachal Pradesh
- (17,514), Rajasthan - (10,573), Haryana - (7,037), Gujarat - (6,207),
District location:
Siwan - (2,819,117), Saran - (2,755,852), Purba Champaran - (2,697,473), Patna - (2,495,923), Ghazipur - (2,309,562), Rohtas -
(2,143,272), Paschim Champaran - (2,089,332), Azamgarh - (2,068,037), Gopalganj - (1,992,806), Bhojpur - (1,848,436), Gonda -
(1,821,038), Ballia - (1,729,856), Varanasi - (1,620,285), Jaunpur - (1,528,899), Gaya - (1,497,398), Basti - (35,538), Sant Kabir
Nagar - (24,462), Kushinagar - (1,312,204), Gorakhpur - (1,294,348), Deoria - (1,235,865), Buxar - (1,146,522)

Language: Bodo (ETH Code: BRX)

Mainly spoken in: Assam
Population 2001: 1,330,775
Classification: Tibeto-Burman
Alternate names: Boro, Bodi, Bara, Boroni, Mechi, Meche, Mech, Meci, Kachari.
PGs speak this language : 4 Bodo Kachari, Madahi, Mech, Rabha
Dialects: Chote, Mech. Related to Dimasa, Tripuri, Lalunga. The dialect of West
Bengal is reportedly different from Assam.
Other States: Assam - (1,296,162), West Bengal - (37,654)
District location:
Kokrajhar - (406,140), Darrang - (233,458), Nalbari - (178,199), Bongaigaon - (170,589),
Barpeta - (132,998), Sonipur - (123,791), Kamrup - (98,018), Dhemaji - (48,805), Goalpara -
(40,530), Dhuburi - (28,508), Golaghat - (23,058), Jalpaiguri - (21,039), Marigaon - (11,789), Nowgong - (11,780), Lakhimpur - (10,040),
North Cachar Hills - (10,000),

Language: Bundeli/Bundelkhandi (ETH Code: BNS)

Mainly spoken in: Uttar Pradesh
Population 2001: 3,072,147
Classification: Indo-Aryan
Alternate names: Bondili, Bundelkhandi.
PGs speak this language:
Dialects: Standard Bundeli, Pawari (Powari), Lodhanti (Rathora), Khatola, Banaphari,
Kundri, Nibhatta, Tirhari, Bhadauri (Towargarhi), Gaoli, Kirari, Raghobansi, Nagpuri Hindi,
Chhindwara Bundeli.
Other States:
Madhya Pradesh - (1,538,302), Uttar Pradesh - (114,727), Maharashtra - (3,312),

Language: Chhattisgarhi (ETH Code: HNE)

Mainly spoken in: Chhattisgarh
Population 2001: 13,260,186
Classification: Indo-Aryan
Alternate names: Laria, Khaltahi.
PGs speak this language: 66
Dialects: Surgujia, Sadri Korwa, Baigani (Baiga, Bega, Bhumia, Gowro), Binjhwari, Kalanga,
Bhulia, Chhattisgarhi Proper, Kavardi, Khairagarhi. Most closely related to Awadhi and Bagheli.
Other States:
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 Madhya Pradesh - (10,398,816), Maharashtra - (86,722), Orissa - (83,785), Bihar - (17,629), Uttar Pradesh - (4,465)
District location:
Raipur - (1,812,707),, Durg - (1,441,957), Rajnandgaon - (627,246), Mahasamund - (436,422), Dhamtari - (348,730), Kawardha -
(270,609), Bastar - (265,725), Surguja - (166,758), Bargarh - (139,161), Dantewara - (136,613), Kanker - (121,816), Raigarh -
(100,656), Jashpur - (52,959), Bilaspur - (51,545), Sambalpur - (46,720), Koriya - (41,810), Janjgir Champa - (31,309)

Language: Deccan (ETH Code: DCC)

Mainly spoken in: Maharashtra
Population 2001: 10,709,800
Classification: Indo-Aryan
Alternate names: Desi, Dekini, Deccani.
PGs speak this language:
Dialects:
Kalvadi (Dharwar), Bijapuri.

Language: Dhundhari (ETH Code: DHD)

Mainly spoken in: Rajasthan
Population 2001: 1,871,130
Classification: Indo-Aryan
Alternate names: Dhundari-Marwari, Jaipuri.
PGs speak this language : 6
Agarwal/Agarawal, Chaukidar Mina, Garoda, Khandelwal, Mogia, Zamindari Mina
Dialects: 54% intelligibility with Marwari.
Other States: Rajasthan - (964,954)
District location: Jaipur - (2,335,863), Dausa - (544,679), Sikar - (389,318), Jaipur -
(216,233), Tonk - (162,803), Karauli - (130,203), Sikar - (129,750), Sawai Madhopur -
(118,598), Dausa - (54,193), Jhunjhunun - (37,000), Tonk - (14,621), Bharatpur - (10,400),

Language: Dogri (ETH Code: DGO)

Mainly spoken in: Jammu and Kashmir
Population 2001: 2,282,547
Classification: Indo-Aryan
Alternate names: Dhogaryali, Dogari, Dogri Jammu, Dogri-Kangri, Dogri Pahari,
Dongari, Hindi Dogri, Tokkaru.
PGs speak this language : 37 Bhatbali, Dogri, East Dogri, Kandiali, North Dogri.
Other States: Jammu & Kashmir - (2,205,560), Himachal Pradesh - (18,777), Punjab -
(18,034),
District location: Jammu - (2,729,275), Udhampur - (1,162,142), Kathua - (1,074,946),
Doda - (202,777), Punch - (75,420), Riasi - (74,197),

Language: Garhwali (ETH Code: GBM)

Mainly spoken in: Uttaranchal
Population 2001: 2,267,314
Classification: Indo-Aryan
Alternate names: Gadhavali, Gadhawala, Gadwahi, Gashwali, Godauli, Gorwali,
Gurvali, Pahari Garhwali, Girwali.
PGs speak this language : 24
Aagri, Anwal, Athapaharia, Badde, Bajgi, Bakharia, Beda, Chuniyara, Dhaloti, Dhoni, Dhunar,
Gangadi Brahman, Garhwali Rajput, Garhwalijimdar Rajpt, Kolai, Koli, Kolta, Kumbhar,
Muslim/Musalman, Nayak, Orh, Rudia, Sarola Brahman, Tamta,
Dialects:
Srinagaria, Tehri (Gangapariya), Badhani, Dessaulya, Lohbya, Majh-Kumaiya, Bhattiani,
Nagpuriya, Rathi, Salani (Pauri), Ravai, Bangani, Parvati, Jaunpuri, Gangadi (Uttarkashi), Chandpuri. Kumauni is closest language;
Jaunsari is sometimes referred to as a dialect of Garhwali, but most say they can't understand it.
Other States:
Uttar Pradesh - (1,829,530), Delhi - (19,251), Maharashtra - (5,175), Madhya Pradesh - (3,605), Himachal Pradesh - (2,337),
Haryana - (2,325), Chandigarh - (2,095)

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District location:
Garhwal - (991,051), Dehra Dun - (937,275), Tehri Garhwal - (851,572), Chamoli - (421,675), Uttarkashi - (364,595), Rudra Prayag -
(302,386), Haridwar - (161,260), Nainital - (26,775), Udham Singh Nagar - (12,060),

Language: Gondi, Northern (ETH Code: GNO)

Mainly spoken in: Madhya Pradesh
Population 2001: 2,505,247
Classification: Dravidian
Alternate names: Gondi, Gaudi, Gondiva, Gondwadi, Goondile, Goudwal, Ghond,
Godi, Gondu, Goudi.
PGs speak this language :
Dialects:
Betul, Chhindwara, Mandla, Seoni, Amravati, Bhandara, Nagpur, Yavatmal.

Language: Gujarati (ETH Code: GUJ)

Mainly spoken in: Gujarat
Population 2001: 45,715,654
Classification: Indo-Aryan
Alternate names: Gujrathi, Gujerati, Gujerathi.
PGs speak this language : 199
Dialects:
Standard Gujarati (Saurashtra Standard, Nagari, Bombay Gujarati, Patnuli), Gamadia
(Gramya, Surati, Anawla, Brathela, Eastern Broach Gujarati, Charotari, Patidari, Vadodari,
Ahmedabad Gamadia,
Other States:
Gujarat - (42,768,386), Maharashtra - (2,315,409), Tamil Nadu - (202,621), Madhya
Pradesh - (198,140), Daman & Diu - (107,090), Karnataka - (102,195), Rajasthan - 57,048),
Dadra & Nagar Haveli - (52,074), Andhra Pradesh - (48,056), West Bengal - (46,926), Delhi
- (45,145), Chhattisgarh - (38,916), Jharkhand - (17,926), Kerala - (17,741), Orissa - (15,820),
District location:
Ahmadabad - (5,673,865), Surat - (4,955,769), Vadadora - (4,532,090), Bhavnagar - (3,737,801), Rajkot - (3,425,092), Junagadh -
(3,170,967), Kheda - (2,988,633), Banaskantha - (2,928,039), Mahesana - (2,586,201), Sabarkantha - (2,448,438), Jamnagar -
(2,436,552), Anand - (2,402,966), Amreli - (2,078,557), Surendranagar - (1,860,739), Mumbai Suburb - (1,747,102), Panchmahals
- (1,668,622), Patan - (1,645,197), Bharuch - (1,458,526), Dahod - (1,339,210), Valsad - (1,259,763), Navsari - (1,056,648),
Gandhinagar - (1,027,960)

Language: Harauti (ETH Code: HOJ)

Mainly spoken in: Rajasthan
Population 2001: 2,462,867
Classification: Indo-Aryan
Alternate names: Hadauti, Hadoti, Hadothi, Piploda.
PGs speak this language : 15
Aheri, Babar, Bairagi, Banchhda, Barer, Dhola, Gosain/Gosai/Gosavi, Hela, Kangigar, Kharwal,
Lasker, Mehar, Runwala, Saharia, Singiwale
Dialects: Sipari, Harauti.
Other States: Rajasthan - (1,235,077)
District location: Kota - (376,393), Baran - (236,597), Bundi - (184,088), Jhalawar - (86,580),

Language: Haryanvi (ETH Code: BGC)

Mainly spoken in: Haryana
Population 2001: 7,997,192
Classification: Indo-Aryan
Alternate names: Bangaru, Banger, Bangri, Bangru, Haryani, Hariyani, Hariani, Desari,
Chamarwa, Jatu.
PGs speak this language: 44
Dialects:
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 Bangaru Proper, Deswali, Bagdi, Khadar, Mewati. 'Bagdi' is the variety used around Fatehabad and Sirsa, and south of Bhiwani
(distinct from the Wagdi language in southern Rajasthan).
Other States:
Haryana - (325,591), Rajasthan - (17,306), Delhi - (4,681), Madhya Pradesh - (2,884), Maharashtra - (2,477)
District location:
Rohtak - (421,226), Jhajjar - (394,735), Jind - (312,697), Kurukshetka - (178,049), Mahendragarh - (109,504), Karnal - (76,800),
Kaithal - (64,174), Ambala - (45,903), Haryana - (40,678), Rewari - (32,744), Yamunanagar - (21,850), Panchkula - (20,614),
Bhiwani - (18,620), Hisar - (15,842), Sirsa - (15,800),

Language: Hindi (ETH Code: HIN)

Mainly spoken in: All over India
Population 2001: 257,919,635
Classification: Indo-Aryan
Alternate names: Khari Boli, Khadi Boli.
PGs speak this language: 294
Dialects: Formal vocabulary is borrowed from Sanskrit, de-Persianized, de-
Arabicized. Literary Hindi, or Hindi-Urdu, has four varieties: Hindi (High Hindi, Nagari
Hindi, Literary Hindi, Standard Hindi); Urdu; Dakhini; Rekhta. State language of Delhi,
Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, Himachal Pradesh. Languages and
dialects in the Western Hindi group are Hindustani, Haryanvi, Braj Bhasha, Kanauji,
Bundeli.
Other States:
Uttar Pradesh - (114,240,698), Madhya Pradesh - (37,063,114), Bihar - (28,932,836), Rajasthan - (17,110,759), Haryana -
(14,629,983), Delhi - (7,587,537), Maharashtra - (4,244,840), West Bengal - (3,589,858), Punjab - (1,460,836), Gujarat -
(1,052,204), Himachal Pradesh - (1,032,369), Assam - (769,076), Chandigarh - (382,923), Andhra Pradesh - (366,441), Orissa -
(301,112), Karnataka - (270,280), Tamil Nadu - (135,418), Tripura - (39,180), Arunachal Pradesh - (36,522).
District location:
Allahabad - (6,253,589), Gonda - (6,218,692), Meerut - (5,928,738), Farrukhabad - (5,659,760), Jaunpur - (4,111,873),
Pratapgarh - (4,098,272), Agra - (4,048,059), Sitapur - (3,945,241), Hardoi - (3,869,961), Rae Bareli - (3,849,588), Etah -
(3,818,645), Sultanpur - (3,813,740), Gorakhpur - (3,735,285), Bulandshahr - (3,706,741), Bara Banki - (3,644,872), Lucknow -
(3,524,486), Budaun - (3,506,762), Unnao - (3,470,592), Samastipur - (3,428,542), Fatehpur - (3,414,429), Madhubani -
(3,388,435), Aligarh - (3,381,101), Mathura - (3,221,054), Muzaffarpur - (3,073,329), Kanpur Nagar - (3,066,527),

Language: Ho (ETH Code: HOC)

Mainly spoken in: Jharkhand
Population 2001: 1,037,987
Classification: Austro-Asiatic
Alternate names: Lanka Kol, Bihar Ho.
PGs speak this language: 1 Ho
Dialects:
Lohara, Chaibasa-Thakurmunda.
Other States:
Jharkhand - (782,078), Orissa - (253,235)
District location:
Paschim Singhbhum - (764,298), Mayurbhanj - (206,309), Kendujhargarh - (121,993),
Purbi Singhbhum - (43,545), Dhenkanal -
(23,138), Sundargarh - (15,036),

Language: Indian Sign Language (ETH Code: INS)

Mainly spoken in: All over India
Population 2001: 2,680,000
Classification: Deaf sign language
Alternate names: Indo-Pakistani Sign Language, Urban Indian Sign Language.
PGs speak this language :
Dialects:
Delhi Sign Language, Calcutta Sign Language, Bangalore-Madras Sign Language, Bombay Sign Language, Bangalore-Chennai-
Hyderabad Sign Language, Mumbai-Delhi Sign Language. Over 75% of signs from all regions are related.

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Language: Kanauji (ETH Code: BJJ)
Mainly spoken in: Uttar Pradesh
Population 2001: 6,000,000
Classification: Indo-Aryan
Alternate names: Bhakha, Braj, Braj Kanauji, Kannauji.
PGs speak this language :
Dialects:
Kanauji Proper, Tirhari, Transitional Kanauji. Transitional Kanauji dialect is between Kanauji and Awadhi. Grierson calls it a form of
Braj Bhasha.

Language: Kangri (ETH Code: XNR)

Mainly spoken in: Himachal Pradesh
Population 2001: 1,122,843
Classification: Indo-Aryan
Alternate names: Kangra-Dogri, Pahari Kangri, Pahari.
PGs speak this language : 19
Acharaj, Ard Pop, Bard/Barad, Battarha, Bengali, Bharare, Bhojki, Brahman, Chamar,
Darai/Darain, Dumna, Ghai, Ghirath, Hesi, Jat, Kangera, Mahajan, Seok, Sood/Sud
Dialects: Hamirpuri, Palampuri.
Other States: Himachal Pradesh - (485,137)
District location: Kangra - (1,136,332), Una - (198,618), Hamirpur - (142,570), Mandi
- (120,452), Kullu - (93,305), Bilaspur - (34,100), Solan - (25,500),

Language: Kannada (ETH Code: KAN)

Mainly spoken in: Karnataka
Population 2001: 37,742,232
Classification: Dravidian
Alternate names: Kanarese, Canarese, Banglori, Madrassi.
PGs speak this language: 174
Dialects: Bijapur, Jeinu Kuruba, Aine Kuruba. About 20 dialects; Badaga
may be one.
Other States: Karnataka - (34,838,035), Maharashtra - (1,254,519), Tamil Nadu -
(1,045,238), Andhra Pradesh - (565,574), Kerala - (81,406), Goa - (74,615), Gujarat -
(15,684), Delhi - (10,525),
District location:
Bangalore Urban - (4,906,477), Belgaum - (3,323,214), Mysore - (3,036,517), Tumkur -
(2,431,493), Gulbarga - (2,323,136), Bijapur - (1,905,551), Mandya - (1,849,468), Hassan - (1,824,549), Bagalkot - (1,777,653),
Davangere - (1,642,026), Bellary - (1,549,532), Dharwad - (1,505,734), Raichur - (1,480,611), Shimoga - (1,463,792), Bangalore Rural -
(1,433,412), Haveri -
(1,406,392), Chitradurga - (1,298,593), Koppal - (1,082,539)

Language: Kashmiri (ETH Code: KAS)

Mainly spoken in: Jammu and Kashmir
Population 2001: 5,362,349
Classification: Indo-Aryan
Alternate names: Keshur, Kaschemiri, Cashmiri, Cashmeeree, Kacmiri.
PGs speak this language : 47
Dialects:
Bakawali, Bunjwali, Standard Kashmiri, Kishtwari (Kashtawari, Kistwali, Kashtwari,
Kathiawari), Miraski, Poguli, Rambani, Riasi,
Shah-Mansuri, Siraji of Doda, Siraji-Kashmiri, Zayoli, Zirak-Boli. Transitional dialects to
Panjabi. Kashtawari dialect is standard, other dialects are influenced by Dogri.
Other States:
Jammu & Kashmir - (5,425,733), Himachal Pradesh - (50,192), Delhi - (21,325),
District location:
Anantnag - (2,676,207), Srinagar - (2,522,042), Baramula - (2,156,963), Pulwana - (1,474,336), Badgam - (1,255,722), Kupwara -
(1,038,224), Doda - (630,474), Riasi - (598,020), Punch - (232,778), Udhampur - (157,095), Jammu - (151,555), North West -

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 (74,668), South - (59,162), West - (55,548), South West - (45,770), North East - (45,517), East - (38,201), Delhi - (21,408), North -
(20,382),

Language: Khortha (ETH Code: )

Mainly spoken in: Uttar Pradesh
Population 2001: 4,725,927
Classification:
Alternate names: Khotta
PGs speak this language :

Language: Konkani, Goanese (ETH Code: GOM)

Mainly spoken in: Goa
Population 2001: 2,420,140
Classification: Indo-Aryan
Alternate names: Gomataki, Goan.
PGs speak this language :
Dialects:
Standard Konkani (Goanese), Bardeskari (Gomantaki), Sarasvat Brahmin, Kudali (Malvani),
Daldi (Nawaits), Chitpavani (Konkanasths), Mangalore. Daldi and Chitapavani are transitional
dialects between Goanese and Standard Konkani.

Language: Kumauni (ETH Code: KFY)

Mainly spoken in: Uttaranchal
Population 2001: 2,003,783
Classification: Indo-Aryan
Alternate names: Kamaoni, Kumaoni, Kumau, Kumawani, Kumgoni, Kumman,
Kunayaoni.
PGs speak this language : 25
Auji, Bairi, Bhal Brahman, Bhul, Chanyal, Damai, Dholi, Halbani Brahman, Hurkiya, Koli,
Kumaoni Jimdarrajput, Kumaoni Rajput, Kuthliya Bora, Lapor, Mour, Narthjogi/Nathyogi,
Nayak, Okhera, Orh, Parki, Pauri, Shah, Sonar, Tamta, Tirwa,
Dialects: Central Kumauni, Northeastern Kumauni, Southeastern Kumauni,
Western Kumauni. People report the eastern dialects to be different.
Other States: Uttar Pradesh - (1,701,845), Delhi - (6,407)

Language: Kurux (ETH Code: KRU)

Mainly spoken in: Jharkhand
Population 2001: 1,737,044
Classification: Dravidian
Alternate names: Uraon, Kurukh, Kunrukh, Kadukali, Kurka, Oraon, Urang, Kisan,
Kunha, Kunhar, Kunuk, Kunna, Kuda, Kora, Koda, Kola, Morva, Birhor.
PGs speak this language :
Dialects: Oraon, Kisan. Kisan and Oraon have 73% intelligibility. Oraon becoming
standardized. Related to Malto. Different from Nepali Kurux.

Language: Lambadi (ETH Code: LMN)

Mainly spoken in: Andhra Pradesh
Population 2001: 2,707,562
Classification: Indo-Aryan
Alternate names: Lamani, Lamadi, Lambani, Labhani, Lambara, Lavani, Lemadi,
Lumadale, Labhani Muka, Banjara, Banjari, Bangala, Banjori, Banjuri, Brinjari, Gohar-Herkeri,
Goola, Gurmarti, Gormati, Kora, Singali, Sugali, Sukali, Tanda, Vanjari, Wanji.
PGs speak this language :
Dialects: Maharashtra Lamani, Karnataka Lamani (Mysore Lamani), Andhra Pradesh
Lamani (Telugu Lamani).

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Language: Magahi (ETH Code: MAG)
Mainly spoken in: Bihar
Population 2001: 13,978,565
Classification: Indo-Aryan
Alternate names: Magadhi, Magaya, Maghai, Maghaya, Maghori, Magi, Magodhi, Bihari,
Megahi.
PGs speak this language :
Dialects:
Southern Magahi, Northern Magahi, Central Magahi.

Language: Maithili (ETH Code: MAI)

Mainly spoken in: Bihar
Population 2001: 12,178,673
Classification: Indo-Aryan
Alternate names: Maitli, Maitili, Methli, Tirahutia, Bihari, Tirhuti, Tirhutia,
Apabhramsa.
PGs speak this language : 42
Dialects:
Standard Maithili, Southern Standard Maithili, Eastern Maithili (Khotta, Kortha, Kortha
Bihari), Western Maithili, Jolaha, Central Colloquial Maithili (Sotipura), Kisan, Dehati. Caste
variation more than geographic variation in dialects. Functional intelligibility
among all dialects, including those in Nepal. Closest to Magahi. Brahmin and non-Brahmin
dialects average 91% lexical similarity.
Other States:
Bihar - (11,830,868), Jharkhand - (141,184), Delhi - (85,331), Maharashtra - (37,525), West Bengal - (22,064), Haryana - (11,799),
District location:
Supaul - (998,257), Katihar - (977,303), Purnea - (923,163), Madhepura - (871,590), Araria - (845,457), Saharsa - (845,251),
Kishanganj - (538,092), Muzaffarpur - (361,912), Darbhanga - (329,180), Samastipur - (299,774), Madhubani - (284,872),
Sitamarhi - (269,607), Vaishali - (242,996), Bhagalpur - (65,248), Patna - (53,000), Banka - (43,192), Sheogarh - (34,741),
Begusarai - (28,107), Dhanbad - (19,680), Jamui - (17,385), Munger - (14,126), Khagaria - (13,346),

Language: Malayalam (ETH Code: MAL)

Mainly spoken in: Kerala
Population 2001: 33,015,420
Classification: Dravidian
Alternate names: Alealum, Malayalani, Malayali, Malean, Maliyad, Mallealle, Mopla.
PGs speak this language : 129
Dialects: Malabar, Nagari-Malayalam, Malayalam, South Kerala, Central Kerala,
North Kerala, Kayavar, Namboodiri, Moplah, Pulaya, Nasrani, Nayar. Caste and communal
Namboodiri, Nayar, Moplah, Pulaya, Nasrani.
Other States: Kerala - (30,803,747), Karnataka - (701,673), Tamil Nadu - (557,705),
Maharashtra - (406,358), Delhi - (92,009), Gujarat - (67,838), Andhra Pradesh - (62,214),
Lakshadweep - (51,555), Madhya Pradesh - (48,515), Pondicherry - (42,782),
District location:
Malappuram - (8,680,625), Kozhikode - (5,365,754), Ernakulam - (4,213,621), Thiruvananthapuram - (4,176,637), Kollam -
(4,168,865), Kannur - (3,790,443), Palakkad - (3,727,782), Thrissur - (3,542,789), Alappuzha - (2,836,144), Kottayam - (2,384,298),
Kasaragod - (1,896,430), Pathanamthitta - (1,572,878), Udupi - (1,272,427), Wayanad - (1,107,193), Idukki - (1,000,933)

Language: Malvi (ETH Code: MUP)

Mainly spoken in: Madhya Pradesh
Population 2001: 5,565,167
Classification: Indo-Aryan
Alternate names: Malavi, Mallow, Malwada, Malwi, Ujjaini.
PGs speak this language : 20
Alia, Anjana Patel, Bagri, Bhanumati, Bhavsar, Dhed Bawa, Gari, Gosain/Gosai/Gosavi, Kharol,
Khati/Lohar, Kulmi, Lakhera, Mali, Mankar, Naita, Panwari, Paratharia Ahir, Payak, Salvi, Sondhia
Dialects:
Bachadi, Bhoyari, Dholewari, Hoshangabad, Jamral, Katiyai, Malvi Proper, Patvi, Rangari,

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Rangri, Sondwari (Soudhwari). Considered the standard dialect of Southeastern Rajasthani.
Other States:
Madhya Pradesh - (2,727,977), Rajasthan - (241,032)
District location:
Ujjain - (870,154), Indore - (392,577), Dewas - (335,101), Ratlam - (258,321), Chittaurgarh - (239,248), Mandsaur - (185,972),
Jhalawar - (119,878), Neemuch - (112,458), Shajapur - (75,755), Shivpuri - (32,100), Kota - (30,447), Dhar - (24,687), Rajgarh -
(20,950), Guna - (20,307), Baran - (18,190), Morena - (11,538)

Language: Marathi (ETH Code: MAR)

Mainly spoken in: Maharashtra
Population 2001: 71,701,478
Classification: Indo-Aryan
Alternate names: Maharashtra, Maharathi, Malhatee, Marthi, Muruthu.
PGs speak this language : 170
Dialects:
Cochin, Gawdi of Goa, Kasargod, Kosti, Kudali, Nagpuri Marati. 42 dialects. The dialect
situation throughout the greater Marathi speaking area is complex. Dialects bordering
other major language areas share many features with those languages.
Other States:
Maharashtra - (66,643,942), Karnataka - (1,892,783), Madhya Pradesh - (1,266,038),
Gujarat - (764,002), Andhra Pradesh -
(609,200), Goa - (304,208), Chhattisgarh - (140,623), Tamil Nadu - (60,614), Meghalaya - (38,638), Kerala - (31,845), Delhi -
(26,472), Rajasthan - (19,361), West Bengal - (15,176), Jharkhand - (14,513), Jammu & Kashmir - (14,432), Bihar - (14,002), Uttar
Pradesh - (13,074), Punjab - (12,117), Dadra & Nagar Haveli - (11,597),
District location:
Pune - (7,410,536), Thane - (5,676,075), Nashik - (4,704,436), Mumbai Suburb - (4,422,499), Ahmednagar - (4,380,958),
Kolhapur - (3,585,444), Nagpur - (3,388,783), Satara - (3,138,586), Aurangabad - (2,637,110), Solapur - (2,565,304), Nanded -
(2,377,620), Jalgaon - (2,353,125), Sangli - (2,327,310), Amravati - (2,168,694), Latur - (2,069,404), Bid - (2,048,003), Chandrapur
- (1,995,848), Yavatmal - (1,981,125), Buldana - (1,916,284), Ratnagiri - (1,783,029), Jalna - (1,541,324), Mumbai - (1,380,756),
Raigarh - (1,338,084), Parbhani - (1,319,874), Osmanabad - (1,318,948), Akola - (1,290,425), Wardha - (1,245,444), Gondiya -
(1,054,644), Belgaum - (1,033,431), Bhandara - (1,032,952)

Language: Marwari (ETH Code: RWR)

Mainly spoken in: Rajasthan
Population 2001: 7,936,183
Classification: Indo-Aryan
Alternate names: Marvari, Rajasthani.
PGs speak this language : 94
Dialects:
Barmeri, Bikaneri, Jaisalmeri, Standard Marwari (Jodhpuri).The standard form of
Rajasthani. May or may not be different from Marwari of Pakistan.
Other States:
Rajasthan - (3,828,472), Maharashtra - (494,580), Gujarat - (116,398), Madhya Pradesh -
(57,104), Bihar - (45,344), Andhra Pradesh - (35,809), Karnataka - (30,821), West Bengal -
(26,006), Orissa - (9,865), Tamil Nadu - (8,107), Assam - (6,371), Uttar Pradesh - (4,586), Delhi - (2,572)

Language: Meitei Manipuri (ETH Code: MNI)

Mainly spoken in: Manipur
Population 2001: 1,466,497
Classification: Tibeto-Burman
Alternate names: Meithei, Meithe, Mithe, Mitei, Meiteilon, Meiteiron, Manipuri, Menipuri,
Kathe, Kathi, Ponna.
PGs speak this language:
Dialects:
Meitei, Loi (Chakpa), Pangal (Manipuri Muslim). Intelligibility of Meitei in Bangladesh is difficult.

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Language: Mewari (ETH Code: MTR)
Mainly spoken in: Rajasthan
Population 2001: 5,091,697
Classification: Indo-Aryan
Alternate names: Mewadi.
PGs speak this language : 50
Dialects:
Gorawati, Sarwari, Khairari.
Other States:
Rajasthan - (2,075,532), Madhya Pradesh - (29,352), Maharashtra - (9,209)
District location:
Udaipur - (1,544,548), Bhilwara - (1,339,088), Chittaurgarh - (1,258,081), Rajsamand -
(533,745), Bundi - (90,976), Mandsaur - (59,829), Neemuch - (34,476), Ajmer - (15,002), Pali
- (14,800),

Language: Mundari (ETH Code: MUW)

Mainly spoken in: Jharkhand
Population 2001: 1,046,951
Classification: Austro-Asiatic
Alternate names: Mandari, Munari, Munda, Mondari, Horo, Colh, Killi.
PGs speak this language: 3
Bhumij, Munda, Turi
Dialects:
Hasada', Latar, Naguri, Kera', Bhumij (Sadar Bhumij, Bhumij Munda, Bhumij Thar).
Related to Ho and Santali, but a separate language.
Other States:
Jharkhand - (860,275), Orissa - (119,573), Assam - (32,718), West Bengal - (32,571)
District location:
Ranchi - (406,034), Gumla - (135,455), Mayurbhanj - (96,942), Paschim Singhbhum - (92,418), Sonipur - (80,210), Tinsukia -
(61,120), Jalpaiguri - (52,843), Purbi Singhbhum - (42,493), Sundargarh - (37,948), Medinipur - (37,511), Lakhimpur - (35,200),
Jorhat - (33,532), Sibsagar - (32,016), Darrang - (27,870), Dibrugarh - (23,015), Dhemaji - (18,000), Golaghat - (15,255)

Language: Nagpuria (ETH Code: )

Mainly spoken in: Jharkhand
Population 2001: 1,242,586
Classification:
PGs speak this language : 9
Baraik, Chik Baraik, Dabgar, Ghasi/Ghasia, Gonju, Gosain/Gosai/Gosavi, Jhora/Jhara,
Nagbansi, Raj Bhat
Other States:
Jharkhand - (774,090)
District location:
Ranchi - (35,000), Gumla - (15,000)

Language: Nepali (ETH Code: NEP)

Mainly spoken in: West Bengal
Population 2001: 2,867,922
Classification: Indo-Aryan
Alternate names: Nepalese, Gorkhali, Gurkhali, Khaskura, Parbatiya, Eastern Pahari.
PGs speak this language : 24
Bhujel, Brahman(Mssik), Chettri, Damai, Gangai, Gurkha Brahman, Gurkha Damai, Gurkha
Sonar, Gurkha Thakur, Gurkha/Nepali, Gurung, Kami, Kureri/Kurariar, Limbu, Mangar, Newar,
Rai, Sarki, Sunuwar/Sonwar, Tamang, Thakuri, Thami, Tharu, Yakha,
Dialects:
Gorkhali, Palpa, Nepali.
Other States:

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 West Bengal - (1,022,725), Assam - (564,790), Sikkim - (338,606), Uttar Pradesh - (263,982), Arunachal Pradesh - (94,919),
Uttaranchal - (91,047), Himachal Pradesh - (70,272), Maharashtra - (63,480), Meghalaya - (52,155), Manipur - (45,998), Delhi -
(44,367), Nagaland - (34,222), Haryana - (20,362), Punjab - (19,778), Bihar - (18,763), Jharkhand - (17,326), Gujarat - (17,123),
District location:
Darjiling - (494,797), Sonipur - (240,911), Sikkim East - (136,303), Dibrugarh - (122,009), Jalpaiguri - (119,874), Kamrup -
(117,813), Darrang - (107,408), Dhuburi - (102,023), Nalbari - (87,493), Sikkim West - (84,140), Sikkim South - (83,158), Sibsagar -
(61,483), Bongaigaon - (54,265), Golaghat - (51,895), Jorhat - (49,717), Tinsukia - (47,146), East Khasi Hills - (39,005)

Language: Nimadi (ETH Code: NOE)

Mainly spoken in: Madhya Pradesh
Population 2001: 2,148,146
Classification: Indo-Aryan
Alternate names: Nemadi, Nimari, Nimiadi.
PGs speak this language :
Dialects:
Bhuani.
Other States:
Madhya Pradesh - (1,416,285), Maharashtra - (3,689)
District location:
West Nimar - (1,052,825), Barwani - (719,864), East Nimar - (637,949), Dhar - (99,968),
Dewas - (10,400)

Language: Oriya (ETH Code: ORI)

Mainly spoken in: Orissa
Population 2001: 32,110,482
Classification: Indo-Aryan
Alternate names: Uriya, Utkali, Odri, Odrum, Oliya, Orissa, Vadiya, Yudhia.
PGs speak this language : 200
Dialects:
Mughalbandi (Oriya Proper, Standard Oriya), Southern Oriya, Northwestern Oriya,
Western Oriya (Sambalpuri), North Balasore Oriya, Midnapore Oriya, Halbi. Some of the
larger dialects have many subdialects.
Other States:
Orissa - (30,563,507), Chhattisgarh - (819,098), Jharkhand - (467,874), Andhra Pradesh -
(336,022), Assam - (231,474), West Bengal - (186,391), Gujarat - (122,421), aharashtra -
(93,990), Delhi - (29,178), Tripura - (23,899), Madhya Pradesh - (20,965), Karnataka -
(16,529), Uttar Pradesh - (15,052), Rajasthan - (13,347), Haryana - (10,932), Punjab - (10,345),
District location:
Ganjam - (2,838,960), Kendrapara - (2,837,359), Cuttack - (2,446,227), Dhenkanal - (2,195,902), Baleswar - (1,954,973), Khorda -
(1,915,675), Balangir - (1,717,900), Jajpur - (1,643,455), Puri - (1,529,645), Kalahandi - (1,302,501), Bhadrak - (1,276,713),
Kendujhargarh - (1,143,349), Mayurbhanj - (1,100,672), Bargarh - (1,066,184), Jagatsinghpur - (1,065,489), Sundargarh -
(962,759), Nayagarh - (874,552), Sambalpur - (727,210), Sonapur - (681,878), Rayagada - (599,502), Nuaparha - (579,763),
Nabarangapur - (527,819), Koraput - (506,254)

Language: Pahari (ETH Code: KFX)

Mainly spoken in: Himachal Pradesh
Population 2001: 2,832,825
Classification:
Alternate names:
PGs speak this language : 34
Other States:
Himachal Pradesh - (2,165,562), Uttar Pradesh - (2,092), West Bengal - (2,080)
District location:
Badgam - (65,469) , Baramula - (42,362), Anantnag - (22,700), Punch - (19,580), Kupwara -
(17,933),

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Language: Panjabi, Eastern (ETH Code: PAN)
Mainly spoken in: Punjab
Population 2001: 28,152,794
Classification: Indo-Aryan
Alternate names: Punjabi, Gurmukhi, Gurumukhi.
PGs speak this language :
Dialects:
Panjabi Proper, Majhi, Doab, Bhatyiana (Bhatneri, Bhatti), Powadhi, Malwa, Bathi. Western
Panjabi is distinct from Eastern Panjabi, although there is a chain of dialects to Western Hindi
(Urdu). Bhatyiana considered to be a mixture of Panjabi and Rajasthani. See separate entry
for Dogri-Kangri

Language: Panjabi, Mirpur (ETH Code: PMU)

Mainly spoken in: Jammu and Kashmir
Population 2001: 1,022,000
Classification: Indo-Aryan
Alternate names: Mirpuri.
PGs speak this language :
Dialects:
Distinct from Western Panjabi, although closely related.

Language: Rajbanshi (ETH Code: RJB)

Mainly spoken in: West Bengal
Population 2001: 18,355,613
Classification: Indo-Aryan
Alternate names: Kamtapuri, Rajbangsi, Rajbansi, Rajbongshi, Tajpuri.
PGs speak this language :
Dialects:
Western Rajbanshi, Central Rajbanshi, Eastern Rajbanshi. Central dialect has majority of
speakers and is quite uniform; it is used in publications. Western dialect has more diversity.

Language: Sadri (ETH Code: SCK)

Mainly spoken in: Jharkhand
Population 2001: 2,044,776
Classification: Indo-Aryan
Alternate names: Sadani, Sadana, Sadati, Sadari, Sadhan, Sadna, Sadrik, Santri, Siddri,
Sradri, Sadhari, Sadan, Nagpuria, Nagpuri, Chota Nagpuri, Dikku Kaji, Gawari, Ganwari, Goari,
Gauuari, Jharkhandhi.
PGs speak this language : 28
Badaik, Bauri, Bhogta, Bhuihar/Bhuiyar, Binjhia, Cheek/Chaikwa, Chero, Dusad(Gope), Goala,
Gond, Gorait, Kawar, Kharwar, Kisan, Korwa, Koshtha/Koshthi, Lohandia, Lohara, Mahli,
Malhar/Jora Savara, Nagesia, Nayak, Oraon, Pan, Rautia, Samasi, Situlia, Turi,
Dialects:
Speakers name 3 kinds of Sadri: Sadani (finer, respectful, formal), Common Sadri (Nagpuri), and Lower Sadri (rough).
District location:
Ranchi - (329,978), Jalpaiguri - (158,568), Palamu - (99,024), Gumla - (83,212), Raigarh - (58,315), Garhwa - (45,366), Jashpur -
(32,767), Lohardaga - (30,914)

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Language: Santali (ETH Code: SAT)
Mainly spoken in: Jharkhand
Population 2001: 5,943,679
Classification: Austro-Asiatic
Alternate names: Hor, Har, Satar, Santhali, Sandal, Sangtal, Santal, Sentali, Samtali,
Santhiali, Sonthal.
PGs speak this language : 1 Santal
Dialects: Karmali (Khole), Kamari-Santali, Lohari-Santali, Manjhi, Paharia, Mahali
(Mahili, Mahli). Close to Ho and Mundari.
District location:
Dumka - (744,624), Mayurbhanj - (587,049), Medinipur - (439,875), Sahibganj - (369,282),
Barddhaman - (350,368), Purulia - (334,191), Purbi Singhbhum - (318,475), Bankura - (282,390), Godda - (240,953), Pakaur - (226,647),
Dhanbad - (219,271), Birbhum - (190,783), Maldah - (172,207), Dakshin Dinajpur - (163,176), Giridh - (143,393), Bokaro - (133,855),
Paschim Singhbhum - (132,636), Hugli - (126,908), Devgarh - (122,488), Uttar Dinajpur - (98,846), Katihar - (64,176), Purnea - (63,286),
Kendujhargarh - (53,875)

Language: Shekhawati (ETH Code: SWV)

Mainly spoken in: Rajasthan
Population 2001: 3,000,000
Classification: Indo-Aryan
Alternate names: Shekhawati-Marwari.
PGs speak this language : 7
Brahman, Charan, Ghosi, Kahar, Khandelwal, Manihar Muslim, Van Baoria
Dialects:
Jhunjhunu-Churu, Sikar. 67% comprehension of Marwari.
District location:
Jhunjhunun - (38,000)

Language: Sindhi (ETH Code: SND)

Mainly spoken in: Gujarat
Population 2001: 1,694,061
Classification: Indo-Aryan
Alternate names:
PGs speak this language : 9
Bhatia, Jajak/Jijak, Jat Muslim, Khoja, Rath, Sevak, Sindhi, Sindhi Luhana, Sindhi Mochi
Dialects:
Bhatia, Jadeji, Kayasthi, Lari, Lasi, Thareli, Thari, Viccholi, Visholi.
Other States:
Gujarat - (958,787), Maharashtra - (709,224), Rajasthan - (380,430), Madhya Pradesh -
(259,226), Chhattisgarh - (89,325), Delhi - (42,841), Uttar Pradesh - (34,330), Karnataka -
(14,694), Andhra Pradesh - (10,320),
District location:
Mumbai Suburb - (964,583), Thane - (921,247), Ahmadabad - (365,533), Mumbai - (315,728), Jaipur - (286,154), Ajmer -
(280,831), Barmer - (253,569), Junagadh - (248,040), Rajkot - (210,308), Pune - (165,360), Nagpur - (150,802), Indore - (149,283),
Vadadora - (146,638), Bhopal - (141,283), Kachchh - (121,477), Jalgaon - (99,620), Gwalior - (96,173), Jodhpur - (95,254),
Amravati - (92,452), Delhi - (78,184), Raipur - (73,864), Jabalpur - (73,327), Dausa - (69,417), Agra - (63,205), Kota - (62,356),
Bhavnagar - (56,109), Udaipur - (55,300), Kolhapur - (53,706), Bikaner - (52,261), Porbandar - (51,442)

Language: Surajpuri (ETH Code: SJP)

Mainly spoken in: Bihar
Population 2001: 1,217,019
Classification: Indo-Aryan
Alternate names: Suraji, Choupal, Chaupal.
PGs speak this language :
Dialects:
May be a dialect of Maithili.
District location:
Purnea - (15,120)

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Language: Surgujia (ETH Code: )
Mainly spoken in: Bihar
Population 2001: 1,458,533
Classification:
PGs speak this language :
Other States:
Madhya Pradesh - (1,044,973)

Language: Sylheti (ETH Code: SYL)

Mainly spoken in: Assam
Population 2001: 3,000,000
Classification: Indo-Aryan
Alternate names: Sylhetti, Sileti, Siloti, Syloti, Syloty, Srihattia, Bengali of Cachar, Sylheti Bangla, Sylheti Bengali.
PGs speak this language :

Language: Tamil (ETH Code: TAM)

Mainly spoken in: Tamil Nadu
Population 2001: 60,655,813
Classification: Dravidian
Alternate names: Tamalsan, Tambul, Tamili, Tamal, Damulian.
PGs speak this language : 247
Dialects:
Adi Dravida, Aiyar, Aiyangar, Arava, Burgandi, Kongar, Madrasi, Pattapu Bhasha, Tamil, Sri
Lanka Tamil, Malaya Tamil, Burma
Tamil, South Africa Tamil, Tigalu, Harijan, Sanketi, Hebbar, Mandyam Brahmin,
Secunderabad Brahmin.
Other States:
Tamil Nadu - (55,798,916), Karnataka - (1,874,959), Pondicherry - (861,502), Andhra
Pradesh - (769,685), Kerala - (596,971),
Maharashtra - (527,995), Delhi - (92,426), Andaman & Nicobar Islands - (62,961), Gujarat - (37,092), Madhya Pradesh - (24,848),
West Bengal - (20,238), Uttar Pradesh - (13,665), Chhattisgarh - (13,241), Jharkhand - (12,913), Punjab - (12,339), Rajasthan -
(11,852), Haryana - (10,207),
District location:
Chennai - (3,819,658), Vellore - (3,641,454), Tirunelveli - (3,582,406), Villupuram - (3,420,892), Coimbatore - (3,330,333),
Tiruchchirapalli - (2,984,669), Thanjavur - (2,947,986), Madurai - (2,771,272), Salem - (2,719,970), Kanchipuram - (2,625,198),
Cuddepah - (2,558,414), Tiruvallur (Thiruvallur) - (2,548,622), Tiruvannamalai - (2,305,748), Dharmapuri - (2,218,286), Dindigul -
(2,043,086), Nagappatinam - (2,031,141), Virudunagar - (2,024,755), Erode - (1,997,718), Pudukkottai - (1,982,183),
Thoothukudi - (1,885,381), Kanniyakumari - (1,730,206), Thiruvarur - (1,570,526), Ramanathapuram - (1,562,642), Sivaganga -
(1,373,419), Namakkal - (1,351,061), Bangalore Urban - (1,239,035), Teni - (1,154,207), Karur - (1,097,061)

Language: Telugu (ETH Code: TEL)

Mainly spoken in: Andhra Pradesh
Population 2001: 73,817,148
Classification: Dravidian
Alternate names: Telegu, Andhra, Gentoo, Tailangi, Telangire, Telgi, Tengu, Terangi,
Tolangan.
PGs speak this language : 355
Dialects:
Berad, Dasari, Dommara, Golari, Kamathi, Komtao, Konda-Reddi, Salewari, Telangana, Telugu,
Vadaga, Srikakula, Vishakhapatnam, East Godaveri, Rayalseema, Nellore, Guntur, Vadari, Yanadi
(Yenadi).
Other States:
Andhra Pradesh - (63,904,791), Karnataka - (3,698,657), Tamil Nadu - (3,527,594), Maharashtra - (1,405,958), Orissa - (712,614),
West Bengal - (208,769), Chhattisgarh - (148,131), Gujarat - (68,743), Pondicherry - (50,908), Kerala - (48,633), Andaman &

Serve-A-Language N a t i o n a l R e s o u r c e C e n t e r | 77
 Nicobar Islands - (45,631), Jharkhand - (35,957), Delhi - (28,067), Assam - (27,463), Madhya Pradesh - (26,602), Goa - (11,926),
District location:
East Godavari - (5,656,557), Guntur - (4,809,312), Krishna - (4,385,622), Vishakhapatnam - (4,365,782), West Godavari -
(4,344,342), Karimnagar - (3,514,057), Rangareddi - (3,272,054), Nalgonda - (3,269,058), Anantpur - (3,257,736), Prakasam -
(3,214,180), Kurnool - (3,173,221), Hyderabad - (3,094,848), Mahbubnagar - (3,029,029), Chittoor - (3,026,260), Warangal -
(2,855,799), Srikakulam - (2,855,622), Vizianagaram - (2,733,372), Nellore - (2,612,574), Cuddapah - (2,529,598), Medak -
(2,343,671), Khammam - (2,267,772), Nizamabad - (1,952,568), Adilabad - (1,707,448)

Language: Tulu (ETH Code: TCY)

Mainly spoken in: Karnataka
Population 2001: 1,720,422
Classification: Dravidian
Alternate names: Tal, Tallu, Thalu, Tilu, Tuluva Bhasa, Tullu, Thulu.
PGs speak this language : 38
Other States:
Karnataka - (1,495,273), Kerala - (122,995), Maharashtra - (99,729)
District location:
Udupi - (2,990,304), Chikmagalur - (87,960), Kannur - (79,864), Kasaragod - (70,319), Kodagu -
(50,307), Mumbai Suburb - (44,246), Hassan - (30,246), Mumbai - (12,487)

Language: Urdu (ETH Code: URD)

Mainly spoken in: Jammu and Kashmir
Population 2001: 51,533,954
Classification: Indo-Aryan
Alternate names: Islami, Undri, Urudu.
PGs speak this language: 163
Dialects:
Dakhini (Dakani, Deccan, Desia, Mirgan), Pinjari, Rekhta (Rekhti).
Other States: Uttar Pradesh - (13,272,080), Bihar - (9,457,548), Maharashtra - (6,895,501),
Andhra Pradesh - (6,575,033), Karnataka - (5,539,910), Jharkhand - (2,324,411), West Bengal -
(1,653,739), Madhya Pradesh - (1,186,364), Tamil Nadu - (942,299), Delhi - (874,333),
Rajasthan - (662,983), Orissa - (611,509), Gujarat - (550,630), Uttaranchal - (497,081),
District location: Meerut - (4,369,119), Gonda - (4,338,602), Muzaffarnagar - (2,992,679), Solapur - (2,937,104), Bareilly -
(2,889,727), Saharanpur - (2,469,528), Bijnor - (2,405,807), Rampur - (2,340,309), Hyderabad - (2,322,228), Moradabad - (2,285,116),
Kolkata - (1,826,941), Bulandshahr - (1,816,830), Lucknow - (1,790,755), Mumbai Suburb - (1,764,025), Varanasi - (1,736,660), Budaun
- (1,723,385), Aligarh - (1,674,047), Bara Banki - (1,646,737), Bahraich - (1,617,463), Farrukhabad - (1,588,806),

Language: Waddar (ETH Code: WBQ)

Mainly spoken in: Andhra Pradesh
Population 2001: 1,930,000
Classification: Dravidian
Alternate names: Od, Orh, Vadari, Vadda Beldar, Werders, Wodde.
PGs speak this language:

Language: Wagdi (ETH Code: WBR)

Mainly spoken in: Rajasthan
Population 2001: 2,510,811
Classification: Indo-Aryan
Alternate names: Wagadi, Vagdi, Vagadi, Vagari, Vageri, Vaged, Vagi, Wagari, Waghari,
Wagri, Wagholi, Mina Bhil, Bhili, Bhilodi.
PGs speak this language : 21
Badhi/Badi, Banjara, Bhil(Kataria), Bhil(Mama), Bhil(Mina), Bhoi, Bunkar, Chitoda, Damor,
Gairi/Gadri, Gavaria, Hakkipikki, Haranshikari, Humad/Humbad, Nagda, Nakkala/Nari Korava,
Narasingpura, Patel, Rawal, Ved, Wagri,
Dialects: Kherwara, Sagwara, Adivasi Wagdi.
District location: Dungarpur - (493,695), Banswara - (323,787), Udaipur - (91,665), Rajsamand - (34,335)

78 | N a t i o n a l R e s o u r c e C e n t e r Serve-A-Language
Gospel Resources for India
Here we have given few web page addresses where we gospel of Luke and translated it into over 600 languages,
can download the resources for our ministry. We will be including Hindi, Gujarathi, Panjabi, Urdu, two variations
updating this list once in three months. If you know any of Bengali, Malayalam, Assamese, and Kashmiri.
http://www.jesusfilm.org/
site or places where we can get any resources please fill
10. God's Story is an 80-minute video which presents the
the form and send to us.
Bible from Genesis to Revelation. The video (and an
audio version) are available in Hindi. http://www.gods-
1. Messages of God's Love - Multilingual distributes gospel story.org/
literature and music in Arabic, Bengali, English, Gujarati, 11. Gospel Recordings Association India, GRA is a mission
Hindi, Nepali, Punjabi, Tamil and Urdu. Their site also organization that records Gospel messages on cassette
offers free gospel tracts and brochures to assist your
tapes for non-literate people groups who otherwise
ministry to Indians. http://multilingual-southasian.com/
2. You can hear a Real Audio gospel message in Bangla, might not hear the Gospel. For more details you may
Bhojpuri (Northern), Haryanvi, Hindi, Kannada, Maghi, contact them directly. Phone: +91 80 2558 4519
Marathi, Tamil, Telugu, or Urdu at I-AM.org. http://globalrecordings.net/in
3. Thru the Bible, the classic five-year radio Bible study with
Dr. J. Vernon McGee, is broadcast daily on the internet in
Hindi. http://www.thruthebible.org Bibles Available Online
4. Find online, audio and print Bibles in the languages of
1. Children's Bible (with book of Mark in many Indian
India at Bibles in Your Language, including:
http://www.ethnicharvest.org/bibles/ dialects - Hindi, Bengali, Urdu, Telugu, more)
5. Languages and Scripts of India is a rich site for links and 2. Bible Gateways:
research on the many languages of India. 3. Bibles on the Web - KJV, Revised Std Version, Darby
6. The SIL Ethnologue has detailed information on the Bible
languages of India. http://www.ethnologue.com/ 4. Biblegateway.com - Many English Translations with
7. Indian Resources 777 lists over 700 Christian resources multiple language Bibles and online parallel options
for outreach to the people of India.
5. Ethnic Harvest - Many foreign language Bibles
http://www.indiaresources777.org/
8. There are lots of resources on this site, including the 6. Word Bible Translation Center - Brazilian, Chinese,
article "How to Start a Cross-Cultural Ministry," that can Spanish, Thai, Vietnamese, Indian Languages (Awadhi
help you prepare to move forward in faith. New Testament, Hindi Bible, Kannada Bible, Marathi
http://www.ethnicharvest.org/links/how-to-start.htm Bible, Tamil Bible, Telugu Bible, Urdu New Testament
9. The Jesus Film is a great way to share the gospel in the & Psalms)
"heart language" of your Indian neighbors. Campus
Crusade for Christ has produced this beautiful film of the

Free available Tools and software in 11 Indian languages:

TDIL (Technology Development for Indian Languages) Programme of DIT

aims at development of information processing tools and techniques for
facilitating Human Machine interaction without language barrier. Efforts are
being made to provide these language tools to common masses through
Indian Language Data Centre (www.ildc.gov.in) and (www.ildc.in). In order to
achieve the goals following actions are being taken:

1. Distribution of Indian languages technologies/tools through TDIL

Data Centre in a phase wise manner
2. Acquisition of developed tools, technologies, products and services
3. Spreading awareness and publicizing the efforts of government in
Language Technology areas through available tools and
technologies
4. Facilitating user for free downloads of tools, utilities, products etc.
5. Promoting Public-Private partnership in Language Technology
6. Launching missions of specific application areas.

Please visit the web page and Register to get the CD directly from them. http://www.ildc.in/index.aspx

Free Fonts & Software Tools available on these 11 languages: Assamese, Hindi, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Oriya,
Punjabi, Tamil, Telugu, Urdu, and Gujarati.

Serve-A-Language N a t i o n a l R e s o u r c e C e n t e r | 79
Campus Crusade of India
This table shows completed “JESUS” film products by language 59. Kok Borok X X X
name. Here is the key to the columns: 60. Konkani (Mangalorian) X X
1. 2 hr – Two  hour  “classic”  JESUS  film. 61. Konkani, Goanese X X X
2. AR – Audio  Radio  version  “The  Story  of  Jesus”  available  in  ten   62. Korku X X
15 minute episodes, and/or a 90 minute 63. Kui X X
3. Child – Children’s  version  “The  Story  of  Jesus  for  Children” 64. Kuki X X
65. Kumauni X X
Language Name 2 hr AR Child 66. Kurukh/Oraon (Kurux) X X
1. Adi X X 67. Kuvi X
2. Assamese X X X 68. Ladakhi X X
3. Awadhi X X X 69. Lahauli X
4. Badaga X X 70. Lambadi X X
5. Bagheli X X 71. Lamkang X
6. Bagri X 72. Lepcha X X
7. Bareli, Rathwi X X 73. Lhasa, Tibetan X X X
8. Bengali, Common Language X X X 74. Limbu X X
9. Bengali, Musselmani X X X 75. Magahi X X
10. Bhadrawahi X X 76. Magar, Eastern X X
11. Bhatri X X 77. Magar, Western X X
12. Bhili X X 78. Maithili X X X
13. Bhojpuri X X X 79. Malayalam X X X
14. Bodo X X 80. Malvi X X
15. Braj Bhasha X X 81. Mandeali X X
16. Bundel Khandi X X 82. Manipuri (Meitei) X X X
17. Chakma X X 83. Marathi X X X
18. Chambeali X X 84. Maria, Dandami (Madiya) X
19. Chhattisgarhi X X X 85. Marwari X X X
20. Chin, Falam X X 86. Mawchi (Mauchi) X X
21. Chin, Haka X 87. Mewari X X
22. Chin, Paite X 88. Mizo, Lushai X X
23. Chin, Tedim X 89. Mundari X X
24. Chittagonian, Common X X 90. Naga, Angami X
25. Chittagonian, Musselmani X X 91. Naga, Ao X
26. Chodri X X 92. Naga, Lotha X
27. Dangi X X 93. Naga, Tangkhul X X
28. Deccani X X 94. Nagamese X X
29. Desia X X 95. Nepali X X X
30. Dhivehi X X 96. Newari X X
31. Dimasa X X 97. Nimadi X
32. Dogri (Dogri-Kangri) X X 98. Nyishi X X
33. Duruwa (Dhurwa) X X 99. Oriya X X X
34. Dzongkha X 100. Pahari, Kullu (Kulvi) X X
35. English X X X 101. Panjabi, Western X X
36. Gaddi X 102. Punjabi, Indian X X X
37. Galo X X 103. Rai, Bantawa X X
38. Gamit X X 104. Rajbangsi, India X X
39. Garhwali X X X 105. Rajbanshi, Nepal X X
40. Garo X X 106. Sadani X X
41. Gondi, Northern X X 107. Santali (Santhali) X X
42. Gujarati X X X 108. Sharchogpa X X
43. Gurung X X 109. Sherpa X X
44. Hadothi (Harauti) X 110. Sinhala X X X
45. Halbi X X 111. Sora X
46. Haryanvi (Bangaru) X X 112. Sunuwar X X
47. Hindi X X X 113. Sylhetti X
48. Ho X X 114. Tamang, Eastern X X
49. Kachchhi X X 115. Tamang, Western X X
50. Kanauji X X 116. Tamil X X X
51. Kannada X X X 117. Telugu X X X
52. Karbi X X 118. Tharu, Dangaura X X
53. Karnali X X 119. Tharu, Rana Thakur X X
54. Kashmiri X X 120. Tharu, Saptari X X
55. Kathiyawadi X X 121. Tulu X X
56. Khandesi X X 122. Urdu X X X
57. Khasi X X X 123. Varli X
58. Kinnauri X 124. Vasavi X X

80 | N a t i o n a l R e s o u r c e C e n t e r Serve-A-Language
Data on Scripture availability, translation progress & needs
By Liahey Ngwazah, New Life Computer India - Bangalore

Availability of the Scriptures

So far we have identified 461 languages in India. Out of these,
57 languages have only NT
63 have both NT and OT
There is a slight increase in available Scriptures since 2006.
Logos & Languages 2006 Current status 2008
NT 51 57
OT 60 63
111 120

Ongoing translation projects

NT translation is progressing in 91 languages
OT translation is progressing in 22 languages

Priority listing for translation needs

Identified 47 languages for definite Bible translation
Identification for translation need is based on
distinctiveness & vitality of the language as a result of 2 to 3 months of field research.
Prioritizing languages depends on different ways of looking at the data:
1. High priority is given to languages that have a growing church (7 languages).
2. High priority is given to languages where there is minimal Christian presence (40 languages).
3. Higher priority is given to languages that have higher population, above 10,000 (22 languages).
4. High priority is given to languages with lower population, below 10,000 (25 languages).

Comment on translation needs & church planting

30 out of 120  languages  that  have  Scriptures  have  less  than  2%  Christians.  Availability  of  the  Scripture  doesn’t  justify  
need for more mission work.
Only 20 (out of 113 languages where translation is progressing) have more than 2%. Most of the translations are focussed
on unreached groups.
When prioritizing for church planting work the list of languages (translation needs) where there is minimal Christian
presence would be a good start. First we know the people are unreached (less than 2% Christians) and not known much
on mission activities.

NT translation is progressing in 91 languages

1. Adi, Galo 20. Dungra Bhil 37. Kachari 55. Ladakhi 73. Naga, Chothe
2. Aimol 21. Duruwa 38. Kachchi 56. Limbu 74. Naga, Inpui
3. Amri Karbi 22. Dzongkha 39. Kamar 57. Magahi 75. Naga, Monsang
4. Arakanese 23. Gadaba, Bodo 40. Kamta 58. Maithili 76. Naga, Moyon
5. Bareli, Pauri 24. Gadaba, Mudhili 41. Kangri 59. Mal Paharia 77. Naga, Nocte
6. Bareli, Rathwi 25. Gadaba, Ollar, 42. Khandesi 60. Malvi 78. Nimadi
7. Bhatri Pottangi 43. Kinnauri 61. Maria 79. Oriya, Adivasi
8. Bhilali 26. Garasia, Rajput 44. Koch 62. Maria, Dandami 80. Pahari, Kullu
9. Bhili 27. Gondi, Southern 45. Kodaku 63. Marwari 81. Pahari, Mahasu
10. Birhor 28. Hajong 46. Kodava 64. Mewari 82. Paniya
11. Bishnupriya 29. Halbi 47. Korku 65. Miji 83. Pattani
12. Bodo Parja 30. Haryanvi 48. Korwa 66. Mirgan 84. Pengo
13. Bondo 31. Ho 49. Kumaoni 67. Mru 85. Ravula
14. Bundeli 32. Hruso 50. Kurichiya 68. Munda 86. Sakachep
15. Chiru 33. Indian Sign 51. Kurumba, Alu 69. Muria, Far 87. Tharu, Dangaura
16. Deori Language 52. Kurumba, Betta Western 88. Tharu, Rana
17. Desiya 34. Irula 53. Kurumba, Jennu 70. Muria, Western 89. Tiwa
18. Digaro Mishmi 35. Jaunsari 54. Kurumba, 71. Muthuvan 90. Varli
19. Dogri 36. Juang Kannada 72. Naga, Chokri 91. Zyphe

81 | N a t i o n a l R e s o u r c e C e n t e r Serve-A-Language
Beulah Ministries of India
Program name: Rhema for the Nations. ®

What we do:

Phase 1: Scriptures translation

We select a cluster of the languages in a particular state. We partner with the like minded organizations and translate the
scriptures on a fast track mode by training and using the mother tongue translators and nearby trade language translators as a
team  by  connecting  with  the  professional  consultants’  team.

Phase 2: Audio recording.

We then record the translated scriptures on audio in a dramatized format with multi voice talents. Add music and sound effects
to it.

Phase 3: Production & distribution.

Produce mp3 audio devises with scriptures on audio in mp3 format.We then partner with the indigenous church planting
ministries. Train their workers. Setup listening groups and disciple the groups with scriptures on audio. Follow-up for six to eight
months and report the progress of the group. Connect the newly formed group and the newly raised leader to the church
planting organization who would take over the group to make it self sustaining, multiplying, and propagating the gospel.

Where do we work?
Wherever there is NO scripture in a way they could understand.We pray and look forward to partner with translating, recording
and training and distribution partners along with indigenous church planting organizations to carry the mission.

For partnership info, please contact:

Program manager, Beulah ministries of India, PO Box 1623, PO Secunderabad 500 003. AP. India.
Phone: 040-65643489 Email: [email protected] Web: rhemaforthenations.org

The  God’s  Story  project  – India

God's Story is a completed 80-minute film (from Genesis to Revelation) of Bible stories, 2/3 Old Testament and
1/3 New Testament.
1. Badaga 11. Gamith 21. Koya 31. Sinhala
2. Bangla 12. Gujarati 22. Kulu Pahari 32. Tamil
3. Banjara 13. HakaChin 23. Kurukh 33. Tangsa
4. Bengali 14. Hariyanvi 24. Malayalam 34. Telugu (Andra
5. Bhojpuri 15. Hindi 25. Manipuri Pradesh)
6. Burmise 16. Irula 26. Marathi 35. Telugu (Karnataka)
7. Chhattisgarhi 17. Kangri 27. Mundari 36. Tulu
8. Desaru 18. Kannada 28. Oriya 37. Urdu
9. Dogri 19. Kashmiri 29. Punjabi
10. English 20. Konkani 30. Sadri

1. We  have  God’s  Story  Script  Book  in  English  and  Discussion  Guide  Book  in  English,  Hindi  and  in  
Telugu.
2. We are planning to print Bible Flip Chart in English and in some Indian languages.
3. We are also conducting Timothy Church Planting Training (Simply The Story) workshops in all over
India to the Church Planters/ Evangelists/Pastors. The Lord is multiplying His Church through using
this simple and dynamic model in India. STS is a concept of how to teach Bible in oral style.
4. We  have  translated  and  recorded  God’s  Story  (80  minutes)  film  into  200  world  languages.  
5. We need your prayers support and Partnership to bring  God’s  Story  into  all  Indian  Languages.

P.O.BOX.3, SIDHARTHA NAGAR (P.), MYSORE-570 011, KARNATAKA, INDIA

PH: 0821-2472592, MOB: 09448413123, Email: [email protected]

82 | N a t i o n a l R e s o u r c e C e n t e r Serve-A-Language
Faith Comes By Hearing®

Who we are:

God's Word is for every tribe, people, and tongue.

Faith Comes By Hearing is committed to reaching the nations with the Word of God in Audio, offering the Bible in
a format that will connect with the world's 50% illiterate population. To accomplish this enormous task, the Lord
has assembled a group of committed leaders and dedicated servants of His Word to develop into a reality the
vision of bringing His church together and making disciples.

What we do:
We  offer  the   world’s  largest   catalogue  of   Audio   Bibles  to   individuals  and  nations   who   hunger  to  hear.  Offering
every person on our planet equal access to the Bible requires meeting the unique needs of generations, technical
societies, and fast-paced lifestyles. It also means meeting the cultural and literacy challenges presented when
working in underdeveloped countries. Faith Comes By Hearing is rising to meet the biblical needs of a complex
world through modern technology. MP3 players, BibleSticks for all ages, and third-world culturally adapted
playback units are just a taste of the technology that God is using to spread His Word throughout the world with
Faith Comes By Hearing programs. And,  the  plans  include  offering  this  technology  in  every  language  or  tongue…
Currently, Faith Comes By Hearing offers 334 Audio Scripture recordings in 283 languages reaching 4.3 billion
people in 93 countries

Tools available:
Proclaimer
The Proclaimer was developed primarily as a playback device for the poor and
illiterate who may not have any other source to hear God's Word. Our goal is to
use the Proclaimer in the majority of our FCBH programs worldwide.

Bible Stick
These convenient, digital audio players are very simple to use and come pre-loaded
with an entire Audio New Testament – all in a slim player the size of a pack of gum!
Now you can enjoy the Word of God anytime, anywhere!

MP3 CD
MP3 files are compressed audio files that allow us to load an entire New
Testament onto one disc, slashing the costs of producing and providing Audio
Bibles. MP3 files can be loaded onto discs, computers, special MP3 players
(small computers that play compressed files), and even cell phones giving people
the opportunity to hear God's Word anyplace, anytime. MP3 discs can be played
on CD players that are MP3-compatible, computers, and most DVD players.

MP3 Download
Faith Comes By Hearing offers free Audio Bible downloads of the New Testament for each of the 266 languages
recorded.

For more information:

Faith Comes By Hearing – Hosanna
2421 Aztec Rd NE Albuquerque, NM 87107
1-800-545-6552 - 505-881-3321 - [email protected]
Web: www.FaithComesByHearing.com

Serve-A-Language N a t i o n a l R e s o u r c e C e n t e r | 83
The Purpose of Bible Translation

“How   can   we   minister   the   Gospel   effectively   if   we   are   not   equipped   to   reflect   theologically   in   the  
1
languages in which we pray and dream?”  

Over the last several decades Bible translation has been viewed, at least in mission circles, as a theoretical and
scientific task which took many years to accomplish. For many church-planting missionaries, it was considered
largely superfluous to the immediate task at hand. It seems less has been said about Bible translation as an
important theological task in mission. After all, if the goal is to spread the Gospel to all the peoples of the world,
and to make disciples among all nations, then people must   be   able   to   reflect   on   Jesus   Christ’s   message   in   the  
language they think and dream in.

Bible translation does indeed require applying certain systematic procedures in order for the translation to
communicate  God’s  words  and  thoughts  in  a  faithful,  natural and hence desirable way. Certain methods must be
applied to insure that those words and their meaning are indeed what God communicated through his prophets,
and later on through Christ and his disciples. But Bible translation is not just about transferring the meaning of
words from ancient texts into modern languages. It is making Christ live among a people and their culture, now.
However,  if  people  can  only  read  or  listen  to  God’s  words  in  a  less  familiar  national  language  or  trade  language,  
then it is as if Christ is still a foreigner to them, and perhaps they intuitively treat him and his message as such.

In church planting work we commonly hear that a mature church should be self-sustaining, self-propagating, and
self-theologizing. To reflect theologically  on  one’s  day  to  day  situation  requires  a  good  understanding  of  who  God  
is, what he does for us, and what he requires from us. That practical knowledge is then applied to the everyday
particularities of our life. It helps us understand who we are and why we exist. It provides explanations for why
people experience sickness and hunger, why they suffer under persecution and encounter injustice. It also allows
them  to  confront  demonic  powers  in  Jesus’  name.  However,  in  order  to  do  that  well  someone  needs to translate
2
the gospel into the language, thought forms, and practices of those cultures. Native speakers can do this best
because as cultural insiders they are more intuitive at transferring scriptural meaning in theologically insightful
ways. However,   when   the   Gospel   is   only   presented   through   the   framework   of   someone   else’s   language   and  
culture,  then  enculturation  of  God’s  words  is  only  partial  at  best.  Bible  translation  shows  that  Christ  is  relevant  to  
3
the  deepest  longing  of  a  person’s  heart.

The work of Church mission requires at least four activities: evangelize (Mk 16:15), plant churches (Mt 28:18),
teach (Lk. 24:47) and send (Jn. 20:21). Each of these activities can certainly be carried out using any language and
media type, such as written, oral, and audio-visual. The question is, how deeply and effectively can we hope to
accomplish these tasks if they are only conducted through a language that is not well understood by the people
on the receiving end? An important additional task in mission is translation and it needs to be included sooner
rather   than   later.   “Bible   translation   and   enculturation   of   Scripture   into   every   language   is   a   fundamental  
4
prerequisite  for  the  endurance  of  Christianity  over  many  generations.”

* Written by Gilles Gravelle, Ph.D. The Seed Company, Arlington, TX. March 2008.
1
Kwame Bediako, 2002. The Challenge of Mother Tongue for African Christian Thought. Journal of African Christian Thought 5. no.1 (June).
2
Vanhoozer, 2005.
3
Hwa Yung, 1997. Mangoes or Bananas? Regnum Studies in Missions.
4
Patrick Johnstone, 2006.Bible translation and the Cross-cultural DNA of the Church. Momentum, January/February. www.momentum-
mag.org

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Sources used in this Handbook

1. http://www.languageinindia.com/
2. Census of India 2001 – New Delhi
3. Languages of India (SIL Ethnologue list)
4. Languages and Scripts of India
5. Titus - Languages of India
6. Diversity of Languages in India
7. CommunityWhitePages.NET – Community White Pages is a database of all Indians across the globe
categorized by Language, Community and Geographical location.
8. Encyclopædia Britannica 2007 Deluxe Edition, Version: 2007.01
9. Department of Official Language (DOL) – Official webpage explains the chronological events related
to Official Languages Act and amendments
10. Central Institute of Indian Languages – A comprehensive federal government site that offers
complete info on Indian Languages
11. TDIL-MCIT,GoI – Technology Development for Indian Languages, Government of India
12. India at a Glance – The Official Portal of the Indian Government

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After this I beheld, and, lo, a great multitude, which no man could
number, of all nations, and kindreds, and people, and tongues
,
stood before the throne, and before the Lamb, clothed with white robes,
and palms in their hands. (Rev 7:9 (KJV)

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