Question ID 1adb39f0

Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Two-variable data:

and Data Analysis Models and
scatterplots

ID: 1adb39f0

The scatterplot shows the relationship between two variables, x and y. A line of
best fit for the data is also shown. Which of the following is closest to the
difference between the y-coordinate of the data point with and the y-

value predicted by the line of best fit at ?

A. 1

B. 2

C. 5

D. 12

ID: 1adb39f0 Answer

Correct Answer: A

Rationale

Choice A is correct. The data point with has a y-coordinate of 12. The y-value predicted by the line of best
t at is approximately 11. The difference between the y-coordinate of the data point and the y-value

predicted by the line of best t at is , or 1.

Choices B and C are incorrect and may result from incorrectly reading the scatterplot. Choice D is incorrect. This
is the y-coordinate of the data point at .

Question Dif culty: Medium

Question ID 82aaa0a1
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Two-variable data:

and Data Analysis Models and
scatterplots

ID: 82aaa0a1

Of the following, which is the best model for

the data in the scatterplot?

A.

B.

C.

D.

ID: 82aaa0a1 Answer

Correct Answer: B

Rationale

Choice B is correct. The graphical model that most closely ts the data in the scatterplot is a model in which the
number of data points above and below the model are approximately balanced. Fitting a graphical model to the
data shown results in an upward-facing parabola with a y-intercept near and a vertex with an
approximate x-value of 2.5. Of the given choices, only choice B gives an equation of an upward-facing parabola
with a y-intercept at . Furthermore, substituting 2.5 for x into the equation in choice B yields . This is
approximately the y-value of the vertex of the model.

Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. These equations don’t give a graphical model that best ts the data. At ,
they have y-values of , , and 3, respectively. At , they have y-values of , , and 3,
respectively.

Question Dif culty: Easy

Question ID 83272c51
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Two-variable data:

and Data Analysis Models and
scatterplots

ID: 83272c51

In an experiment, a heated cup of coffee is removed from a heat source, and the
cup of coffee is then left in a room that is kept at a constant temperature. The
graph above shows the temperature, in degrees Fahrenheit (°F), of the coffee
immediately after being removed from the heat source and at 10-minute
intervals thereafter. During which of the following 10-minute intervals does the
temperature of the coffee decrease at the greatest average rate?

A. Between 0 and 10 minutes

B. Between 30 and 40 minutes

C. Between 50 and 60 minutes

D. Between 90 and 100 minutes

ID: 83272c51 Answer

Correct Answer: A

Rationale

Choice A is correct. The average rate of change in temperature of the coffee in degrees Fahrenheit per minute is
calculated by dividing the difference between two recorded temperatures by the number of minutes in the
corresponding interval of time. Since the time intervals given are all 10 minutes, the average rate of change is
greatest for the points with the greatest difference in temperature. Of the choices, the greatest difference in
temperature occurs between 0 and 10 minutes.

Choices B, C, and D are incorrect and may result from misinterpreting the average rate of change from the graph.

Question Dif culty: Easy

Question ID 8baf2118
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Two-variable data:

and Data Analysis Models and
scatterplots

ID: 8baf2118

The scatterplot shows the relationship between two variables, and . A line of best fit is also shown.

Which of the following equations best represents the line of best fit shown?

A.

B.

C.

D.

ID: 8baf2118 Answer

Correct Answer: B

Rationale

Choice B is correct. The line of best t shown intersects the y-axis at a positive y-value and has a negative slope.
The graph of an equation of the form , where and are constants, intersects the y-axis at a y-value
of and has a slope of . Of the given choices, only choice B represents a line that intersects the y-axis at a
positive y-value, , and has a negative slope, .

Choice A is incorrect. This equation represents a line that has a positive slope, not a negative slope.

Choice C is incorrect. This equation represents a line that intersects the y-axis at a negative y-value, not a
positive y-value, and has a positive slope, not a negative slope.
Choice D is incorrect. This equation represents a line that intersects the y-axis at a negative y-value, not a
positive y-value.

Question Dif culty: Easy

Question ID ac5b6558
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Two-variable data:

and Data Analysis Models and
scatterplots

ID: ac5b6558

The scatterplot above shows the high temperature on a certain day and the
elevation of 8 different locations in the Lake Tahoe Basin. A line of best fit for the
data is also shown. What temperature is predicted by the line of best fit for a
location in the Lake Tahoe Basin with an elevation of 8,500 feet?

A. 37°F

B. 39°F

C. 41°F

D. 43°F

ID: ac5b6558 Answer

Correct Answer: B

Rationale

Choice B is correct. The line of best t passes through the point . Therefore, the line of best t predicts
a temperature of 39°F for a location in Lake Tahoe Basin with an elevation of 8,500 feet.

Choice A is incorrect. This is the lowest temperature listed on the scatterplot, and the line of best t never
crosses this value for any of the elevations shown. Choice C is incorrect. According to the line of best t, the
temperature of 41°F is predicted for an elevation of slightly greater than 7,500 feet, not an elevation of 8,500 feet.
Choice D is incorrect. According to the line of best t, the temperature of 43°F is predicted for an elevation of
roughly 6,700 feet, not an elevation of 8,500 feet.

Question Dif culty: Easy

Question ID 4a2264b3
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Two-variable data:

and Data Analysis Models and
scatterplots

ID: 4a2264b3

The line graph shows the percent of cars for sale at a used car lot on a given day by model year.

For what model year is the percent of cars for sale the smallest?

A.

B.

C.

D.

ID: 4a2264b3 Answer

Correct Answer: C

Rationale

Choice C is correct. For the given line graph, the percent of cars for sale at a used car lot on a given day is
represented on the vertical axis. The percent of cars for sale is the smallest when the height of the line graph is
the lowest. The lowest height of the line graph occurs for cars with a model year of .

Choice A is incorrect and may result from conceptual errors.

Choice B is incorrect and may result from conceptual errors.

Choice D is incorrect and may result from conceptual errors.

Question Dif culty: Easy

Question ID 9bb4107c
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Two-variable data:

and Data Analysis Models and
scatterplots

ID: 9bb4107c

The graph shows the momentum , in newton-seconds, of an object seconds after the object started moving, for
. What is the average rate of change, in newton-seconds per second, in the momentum of the object from
to ?

ID: 9bb4107c Answer

Correct Answer: .5, 1/2

Rationale

The correct answer is . For the graph shown, represents time, in seconds, and represents momentum, in
newton-seconds. Therefore, the average rate of change, in newton-seconds per second, in the momentum of the
object between two x-values is the difference in the corresponding y-values divided by the difference in the x-
values. The graph shows that at , the corresponding y-value is . The graph also shows that at , the
corresponding y-value is . It follows that the average rate of change, in newton-seconds per second, from
to is , which is equivalent to , or . Note that 1/2 and .5 are examples of ways to enter a correct
answer.

Question Dif culty: Medium

Question ID 2e74e403
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Two-variable data:

and Data Analysis Models and
scatterplots

ID: 2e74e403

In the given scatterplot, a line of best fit for the data is shown.

Which of the following is closest to the slope of this line of best fit?

A.

B.

C.

D.

ID: 2e74e403 Answer

Correct Answer: C

Rationale

Choice C is correct. A line of best t is shown in the scatterplot such that as the value of increases, the value of
decreases. It follows that the slope of the line of best t shown is negative. The slope of a line in the xy-plane
that passes through the points and can be calculated as . The line of best t shown passes
approximately through the points and . Substituting for and for in
yields the slope of the line being approximately , which is equivalent to , or . Therefore, of
the given choices, is the closest to the slope of this line of best t.

Choice A is incorrect. The line of best t shown has a negative slope, not a positive slope.
Choice B is incorrect. The line of best t shown has a negative slope, not a positive slope.

Choice D is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Question Dif culty: Medium

Question ID 9a144a01
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Two-variable data:

and Data Analysis Models and
scatterplots

ID: 9a144a01

Which of the following is true about the values of and

for ?

A. For all , it is true that .

B. For all , it is true that .

C. There is a constant c such that if , then , but if , then .

D. There is a constant c such that if , then , but if , then .

ID: 9a144a01 Answer

Correct Answer: C

Rationale

Choice C is correct. At , the value of is less than the value of , which is equivalent to
. As the value of x increases, the value of remains less than the value of until , which is

when the two values are equal: , which is equivalent to . Then, for , the value of is
greater than the value of . So there is a constant, 3, such that when , then , but when
, then .

Choice A is incorrect because when . Choice B is incorrect because when .

Choice D is incorrect because when and when .

Question Dif culty: Medium

Question ID 03a16790
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Two-variable data:

and Data Analysis Models and
scatterplots

ID: 03a16790

The scatterplot shows the relationship between two variables, and . A line of best fit is also shown.

Which of the following is closest to the slope of the line of best fit shown?

A.

B.

C.

D.

ID: 03a16790 Answer

Correct Answer: B

Rationale

Choice B is correct. A line of best t is shown in the scatterplot such that as the value of increases, the value of
decreases. Thus, the slope of the line of best t shown is negative. The slope of a line passing through two
points, and , can be calculated as . The line of best t shown passes approximately
through the points and . Substituting and for and , respectively, in
gives , which is equivalent to , or . Therefore, of the given choices, is closest to the
slope of the line of best t shown.

Choice A is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Choice C is incorrect. The line of best t shown has a negative slope, not a positive slope.
Choice D is incorrect. The line of best t shown has a negative slope, not a positive slope.

Question Dif culty: Medium

Question ID d6af3572
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Two-variable data:

and Data Analysis Models and
scatterplots

ID: d6af3572

The scatterplot above shows the federal-mandated minimum wage every 10

years between 1940 and 2010. A line of best fit is shown, and its equation is
. What does the line of best fit predict about the increase in the
minimum wage over the 70-year period?

A. Each year between 1940 and 2010, the average increase in minimum wage was 0.096 dollars.

B. Each year between 1940 and 2010, the average increase in minimum wage was 0.49 dollars.

C. Every 10 years between 1940 and 2010, the average increase in minimum wage was 0.096 dollars.

D. Every 10 years between 1940 and 2010, the average increase in minimum wage was 0.488 dollars.

ID: d6af3572 Answer

Correct Answer: A

Rationale

Choice A is correct. The given equation is in slope-intercept form, or , where m is the value of the
slope of the line of best t. Therefore, the slope of the line of best t is 0.096. From the de nition of slope, it
follows that an increase of 1 in the x-value corresponds to an increase of 0.096 in the y-value. Therefore, the line
of best t predicts that for each year between 1940 and 2010, the minimum wage will increase by 0.096 dollar per
hour.

Choice B is incorrect and may result from using the y-coordinate of the y-intercept as the average increase,
instead of the slope. Choice C is incorrect and may result from using the 10-year increments given on the x-axis
to incorrectly interpret the slope of the line of best t. Choice D is incorrect and may result from using the y-
coordinate of the y-intercept as the average increase, instead of the slope, and from using the 10-year increments
given on the x-axis to incorrectly interpret the slope of the line of best t.

Question Dif culty: Hard

Question ID 74dee52b
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Two-variable data:

and Data Analysis Models and
scatterplots

ID: 74dee52b

The line graph shows the number of graduates from the classes of 2001 through
2007 at a certain school who enrolled in college within 24 months of graduation.
Of the following, which class had the fewest graduates who enrolled in college
within 24 months of graduation?

A. 2002

B. 2004

C. 2005

D. 2007

ID: 74dee52b Answer

Correct Answer: A

Rationale

Choice A is correct. The year with the fewest graduates who enrolled in college within 24 months of graduation
is the point with the lowest value on the vertical axis. This occurs at 2002.

Choice B, C, and D are incorrect. The years 2004, 2005, and 2007 each had a greater number of graduates who
enrolled in college within 24 months of graduation than did the year 2002.

Question Dif culty: Easy

Question ID 9d88a3e3
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Two-variable data:

and Data Analysis Models and
scatterplots

ID: 9d88a3e3

Theresa ran on a treadmill for thirty minutes, and her time and speed are shown
on the graph above. According to the graph, which of the following statements
is NOT true concerning Theresa’s run?

A. Theresa ran at a constant speed for five minutes.

B. Theresa’s speed was increasing for a longer period of time than it was decreasing.

C. Theresa’s speed decreased at a constant rate during the last five minutes.

D. Theresa’s speed reached its maximum during the last ten minutes.

ID: 9d88a3e3 Answer

Correct Answer: B

Rationale

Choice B is correct. Theresa’s speed was increasing from 0 to 5 minutes and from 20 to 25 minutes, which is a
total of 10 minutes. Theresa’s speed was decreasing from 10 minutes to 20 minutes and from 25 to 30 minutes,
which is a total of 15 minutes. Therefore, Theresa’s speed was NOT increasing for a longer period of time than it
was decreasing.

Choice A is incorrect. Theresa ran at a constant speed for the 5-minute period from 5 to 10 minutes. Choice C is
incorrect. Theresa’s speed decreased at a constant rate during the last 5 minutes, which can be seen since the
graph is linear during that time. Choice D is incorrect. Theresa’s speed reached its maximum at 25 minutes,
which is within the last 10 minutes.

Question Dif culty: Easy

Question ID f46139df
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Two-variable data:

and Data Analysis Models and
scatterplots

ID: f46139df

The scatterplot shows the relationship between two variables, and . A line of best fit for the data is also shown.

At , which of the following is closest to the y-value predicted by the line of best fit?

A.

B.

C.

D.

ID: f46139df Answer

Correct Answer: C

Rationale

Choice C is correct. On the line of best t, an x-value of corresponds to a y-value between and .
Therefore, at , is closest to the y-value predicted by the line of best t.

Choice A is incorrect and may result from conceptual errors.

Choice B is incorrect and may result from conceptual errors.

Choice D is incorrect and may result from conceptual errors.

Question Dif culty: Medium

Question ID 7ac5d686
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Two-variable data:

and Data Analysis Models and
scatterplots

ID: 7ac5d686

An inspector begins a day of work with a large sample of shirts that need to be
checked for defects. The inspector works at a constant rate throughout the
morning. What type of model is best to model the number of shirts remaining to
be checked for defects at any given time throughout the morning?

A. A linear model with a positive slope

B. A linear model with a negative slope

C. An exponential growth model

D. An exponential decay model

ID: 7ac5d686 Answer

Rationale

Choice B is correct. Since the work is done at a constant rate, a linear model best models the situation. The
number of shirts remaining is dependent on the length of time the inspector has worked; therefore, if the
relationship were graphed, time would be the variable of the horizontal axis and the number of remaining shirts
would be the variable of the vertical axis. Since the number of shirts decreases as the time worked increases, it
follows that the slope of this graph is negative.

Choice A is incorrect and may result from incorrectly reasoning about the slope. Choices C and D are incorrect
and may result from not identifying the constant rate of work as a characteristic of a linear model.

Question Dif culty: Medium

Question ID d230e963
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Two-variable data:

and Data Analysis Models and
scatterplots

ID: d230e963

The scatterplot shows the relationship between two variables, and . A line of best fit is also shown.

Which of the following equations best represents the line of best fit shown?

A.

B.

C.

D.

ID: d230e963 Answer

Correct Answer: A

Rationale

Choice A is correct. The line of best t shown intersects the y-axis at a positive y-value and has a positive slope.
The graph of an equation of the form , where and are constants, intersects the y-axis at a y-value
of and has a slope of . Of the given choices, only choice A represents a line that intersects the y-axis at a
positive y-value, , and has a positive slope, .

Choice B is incorrect. This equation represents a line that has a negative slope, not a positive slope.

Choice C is incorrect. This equation represents a line that intersects the y-axis at a negative y-value, not a
positive y-value.
Choice D is incorrect. This equation represents a line that intersects the y-axis at a negative y-value, not a
positive y-value, and has a negative slope, not a positive slope.

Question Dif culty: Easy

Question ID 1e1027a7
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Two-variable data:

and Data Analysis Models and
scatterplots

ID: 1e1027a7

The scatterplot above shows a company’s ice cream sales d, in dollars, and the
high temperature t, in degrees Celsius (°C), on 12 different days. A line of best fit
for the data is also shown. Which of the following could be an equation of the
line of best fit?

A.

B.

C.

D.

ID: 1e1027a7 Answer

Correct Answer: D

Rationale

Choice D is correct. On the line of best t, d increases from approximately 480 to 880 between and .
The slope of the line of best t is the difference in d-values divided by the difference in t-values, which gives

, or approximately 33. Writing the equation of the line of best t in slope-intercept form gives
, where b is the y-coordinate of the y-intercept. This equation is satis ed by all points on the line, so
when . Thus, , which is equivalent to . Subtracting 396 from both
sides of this equation gives . Therefore, an equation for the line of best t could be .

Choice A is incorrect and may result from an error in calculating the slope and misidentifying the y-coordinate
of the y-intercept of the graph as the value of d at rather than the value of d at . Choice B is incorrect
and may result from using the smallest value of t on the graph as the slope and misidentifying the y-coordinate
of the y-intercept of the graph as the value of d at rather than the value of d at . Choice C is incorrect

and may result from misidentifying the y-coordinate of the y-intercept as the smallest value of d on the graph.
Question Dif culty: Hard
Question ID 3d985614
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Two-variable data:

and Data Analysis Models and
scatterplots

ID: 3d985614

Each dot in the scatterplot above represents the height x, in feet, in the high
jump, and the distance y, in feet, in the long jump, made by each student in a
group of twenty students. The graph of which of the following equations is a line
that most closely fits the data?

A.

B.

C.

D.

ID: 3d985614 Answer

Correct Answer: C

Rationale

Choice C is correct. A line that most closely ts the data is a line with an approximately balanced number of data
points above and below the line. Fitting a line to the data shown results in a line with an approximate slope of 3
and a y-intercept near the point . An equation for the line can be written in slope-intercept form,
, where m is the slope and b is the y-coordinate of the y-intercept. The equation in

choice C ts the data most closely.

Choices A and B are incorrect because the slope of the lines of these equations is 0.82, which is a value that is
too small to be the slope of the line that ts the data shown. Choice D is incorrect. The graph of this equation has
a y-intercept at , not . This line would lie below all of the data points, and therefore would not
closely t the data.

Question Dif culty: Medium

Question ID 7fd284ac
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Two-variable data:

and Data Analysis Models and
scatterplots

ID: 7fd284ac

The scatterplot above shows data for ten charities along with the line of best fit. For the charity with the greatest percent
of total expenses spent on programs, which of the following is closest to the difference of the actual percent and the
percent predicted by the line of best fit?

A.

B.

C.

D.

ID: 7fd284ac Answer

Correct Answer: B

Rationale

Choice B is correct. The charity with the greatest percent of total expenses spent on programs is represented by
the highest point on the scatterplot; this is the point that has a vertical coordinate slightly less than halfway
between 90 and 95 and a horizontal coordinate slightly less than halfway between 3,000 and 4,000. Thus, the
charity represented by this point has a total income of about $3,400 million and spends about 92% of its total
expenses on programs. The percent predicted by the line of best t is the vertical coordinate of the point on the
line of best t with horizontal coordinate $3,400 million; this vertical coordinate is very slightly more than 85.
Thus, the line of best t predicts that the charity with the greatest percent of total expenses spent on programs
will spend slightly more than 85% on programs. Therefore, the difference between the actual percent (92%) and
the prediction (slightly more than 85%) is slightly less than 7%.

Choice A is incorrect. There is no charity represented in the scatterplot for which the difference between the
actual percent of total expenses spent on programs and the percent predicted by the line of best t is as much as
10%. Choices C and D are incorrect. These choices may result from misidentifying in the scatterplot the point
that represents the charity with the greatest percent of total expenses spent on programs.

Question Dif culty: Medium

Question ID c9dd92b1
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Two-variable data:

and Data Analysis Models and
scatterplots

ID: c9dd92b1

The densities of different concentrations of grape juice are shown in the

scatterplot above. According to the trend shown by the data, which of the
following is closest to the predicted density, in kilograms per cubic meter
3
(kg/m ), for grape juice with a concentration of 60%?

A. 1,200

B. 1,250

C. 1,300

D. 1,350

ID: c9dd92b1 Answer

Correct Answer: C

Rationale

Choice C is correct. The data in the scatterplot show an increasing linear trend. The density when the juice
concentration is 60% will be between the densities shown at about 53% and 67% concentration, or between about
3
1,255 and 1,340 kg/m . Of the choices given, only 1,300 falls within this range.

Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. These are the approximate densities of grape juice with a concentration of 45%,
55%, and 70%, respectively.

Question Dif culty: Easy

Question ID a6b2fcce
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Two-variable data:

and Data Analysis Models and
scatterplots

ID: a6b2fcce

According to the line graph above, between which two consecutive years was
there the greatest change in the number of 3‑D movies released?

A. 2003–2004

B. 2008–2009

C. 2009–2010

D. 2010–2011

ID: a6b2fcce Answer

Correct Answer: D

Rationale

Choice D is correct. The change in the number of 3-D movies released between any two consecutive years can be
found by rst estimating the number of 3-D movies released for each of the two years and then nding the
positive difference between these two estimates. Between 2003 and 2004, this change is approximately
movies; between 2008 and 2009, this change is approximately movies; between 2009 and 2010, this

change is approximately movies; and between 2010 and 2011, this change is approximately
movies. Therefore, of the pairs of consecutive years in the choices, the greatest increase in the

number of 3-D movies released occurred during the time period between 2010 and 2011.

Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. Between 2010 and 2011, approximately 20 more 3-D movies were released. The
change in the number of 3-D movies released between any of the other pairs of consecutive years is signi cantly
smaller than 20.

Question Dif culty: Easy

Question ID 7b52985c
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Two-variable data:

and Data Analysis Models and
scatterplots

ID: 7b52985c

The scatterplot shows the relationship between the length of time , in hours, a certain bird spent in flight and the
number of days after January , .

What is the average rate of change, in hours per day, of the length of time the bird spent in flight on January to the
length of time the bird spent in flight on January ?

ID: 7b52985c Answer

Correct Answer: 4.5, 9/2

Rationale

The correct answer is . It's given that the scatterplot shows the relationship between the length of time , in
hours, a certain bird spent in ight and the number of days after January , . Since January is days after
January , it follows that January corresponds to an x-value of in the scatterplot. In the scatterplot, when
, the corresponding value of is . In other words, on January , the bird spent hours in ight. Since
January is days after January , it follows that January corresponds to an x-value of in the
scatterplot. In the scatterplot, when , the corresponding value of is . In other words, on January , the
bird spent hours in ight. Therefore, the average rate of change, in hours per day, of the length of time the bird
spent in ight on January to the length of time the bird spent in ight on January is the difference in the
length of time, in hours, the bird spent in ight divided by the difference in the number of days after January ,
or , which is equivalent to . Note that 9/2 and 4.5 are examples of ways to enter a correct answer.

Question Dif culty: Hard

Question ID 3c5b19ef
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Two-variable data:

and Data Analysis Models and
scatterplots

ID: 3c5b19ef

The scatterplot above shows the number of visitors to a railroad museum in

Pennsylvania each year from 1968 to 1980, where t is the number of years since
1968 and n is the number of visitors. A line of best fit is also shown. Which of the
following could be an equation of the line of best fit shown?

A.

B.

C.

D.

ID: 3c5b19ef Answer

Correct Answer: A

Rationale

Choice A is correct. An equation of a line of best t can be written in the form , where a is the y-

intercept of the line and b is the slope. In the scatterplot shown, the line of best t intersects the y-axis just over
halfway between 10,000 and 20,000, or approximately 16,000. The line of best t also intersects the graph at

. Using the slope formula and two points that lie on the graph such as and

, the slope can be approximated as , or 4,800. Only choice A has a y-intercept near
the estimate of 16,000 and a slope near the estimate of 4,800. Therefore, an equation of the line of best t could be
.

Choice B is incorrect because the values for the slope and the y-coordinate of the y-intercept are switched.
Choice C is incorrect because the value for the slope is approximately double the actual slope. Choice D is
incorrect because the values for the slope and the y-intercept are switched and because the slope is
approximately double the actual slope.

Question Dif culty: Medium

Question ID 43744269
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Two-variable data:

and Data Analysis Models and
scatterplots

ID: 43744269

An airplane descends from an altitude of feet to feet at a constant rate of feet per minute. What type of
function best models the relationship between the descending airplane's altitude and time?

A. Decreasing exponential

B. Decreasing linear

C. Increasing exponential

D. Increasing linear

ID: 43744269 Answer

Correct Answer: B

Rationale

Choice B is correct. It′s given that the airplane descends at a constant rate of . Since the
altitude decreases by a constant amount during each xed time period, the relationship between the airplane′s
altitude and time is linear. Since the airplane descends from an altitude of to , the airplane′s
altitude is decreasing with time. Thus, the relationship is best modeled by a decreasing linear function.

Choice A is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Choice C is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Choice D is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Question Dif culty: Easy

Question ID d0430601
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Two-variable data:

and Data Analysis Models and
scatterplots

ID: d0430601

Each dot in the scatterplot above represents the temperature and the number of
people who visited a beach in Lagos, Nigeria, on one of eleven different days.
The line of best fit for the data is also shown. The line of best fit for the data has
a slope of approximately 57. According to this estimate, how many additional
people per day are predicted to visit the beach for each 5°C increase in average
temperature?

ID: d0430601 Answer

Rationale

The correct answer is 285. The number of people predicted to visit the beach each day is represented by the y-
values of the line of best t, and the average temperature, in degrees Celsius ( ), is represented by the x-values.

Since the slope of the line of best t is approximately 57, the y-value, or the number of people predicted to visit
the beach each day, increases by 57 for every x-value increase of 1, or every increase in average

temperature. Therefore, an increase of in average temperature corresponds to a y-value increase of

additional people per day predicted to visit the beach.

Question Dif culty: Hard

Question ID d6121490
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Two-variable data:

and Data Analysis Models and
scatterplots

ID: d6121490

The graph above shows the relationship between the speed of a particular car, in
miles per hour, and its corresponding braking distance, in feet. Approximately
how many feet greater will the car’s braking distance be when the car is traveling
at 50 miles per hour than when the car is traveling at 30 miles per hour?

A. 75

B. 125

C. 175

D. 250

ID: d6121490 Answer

Correct Answer: B

Rationale

Choice B is correct. According to the graph, when the car is traveling at 50 miles per hour, the braking distance is
approximately 225 feet, and when the car is traveling at 30 miles per hour, the braking distance is approximately
100 feet. The difference between these braking distances is , or 125 feet.

Choice A is incorrect and may result from nding the braking distance for 20 miles per hour, the difference
between the given speeds. Choice C is incorrect and may result from subtracting the speed from the braking
distance at 50 miles per hour. Choice D is incorrect and may result from nding the difference in the braking
distances at 60 and 20 miles per hour.

Question Dif culty: Easy

Question ID ab7740a8
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Two-variable data:

and Data Analysis Models and
scatterplots

ID: ab7740a8

In which of the following tables is the relationship between the values of x and
their corresponding y-values nonlinear?

A.

B.

C.

D.

ID: ab7740a8 Answer

Correct Answer: D

Rationale

Choice D is correct. The relationship between the values of x and their corresponding y-values is nonlinear if the
rate of change between these pairs of values isn’t constant. The table for choice D gives four pairs of values:
, , , and . Finding the rate of change, or slope, between and by using the slope

formula, , yields , or 6. Finding the rate of change between and yields , or

12. Finding the rate of change between and yields , or 24. Since the rate of change isn’t

constant for these pairs of values, this table shows a nonlinear relationship.

Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. The rate of change between the values of x and their corresponding y-values in
each of these tables is constant, being 3, 4, and 5, respectively. Therefore, each of these tables shows a linear
relationship.

Question Dif culty: Medium

Question ID 2e511919
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Two-variable data:

and Data Analysis Models and
scatterplots

ID: 2e511919

The line graph shows the estimated number of chipmunks in a state park on April of each year from to .

Based on the line graph, in which year was the estimated number of chipmunks in the state park the greatest?

A.

B.

C.

D.

ID: 2e511919 Answer

Correct Answer: B

Rationale

Choice B is correct. For the given line graph, the estimated number of chipmunks is represented on the vertical
axis. The greatest estimated number of chipmunks in the state park is indicated by the greatest height in the
line graph. This height is achieved when the year is .

Choice A is incorrect and may result from conceptual errors.

Choice C is incorrect and may result from conceptual errors.

Choice D is incorrect and may result from conceptual errors.

Question Dif culty: Easy

Question ID 8156d446
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Two-variable data:

and Data Analysis Models and
scatterplots

ID: 8156d446

Each dot in the scatterplot above represents the temperature and the number of
people who visited a beach in Lagos, Nigeria, on one of eleven different days.
The line of best fit for the data is also shown. According to the line of best fit,
what is the number of people, rounded to the nearest 10, predicted to visit this
beach on a day with an average temperature of 32°C?

ID: 8156d446 Answer

Rationale

The correct answer is 480. An average temperature of corresponds to the value 32 on the x-axis. On the

line of best t, an x-value of 32 corresponds to a y-value of 480. The values on the y-axis correspond to the
number of people predicted to visit this beach. Therefore, 480 people are predicted to visit this beach on a day
with an average temperature of .

Question Dif culty: Easy

Question ID 9296553d
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Two-variable data:

and Data Analysis Models and
scatterplots

ID: 9296553d

Which of the following could be an equation for a line of best

fit for the data in the scatterplot?

A.

B.

C.

D.

ID: 9296553d Answer

Correct Answer: A

Rationale

Choice A is correct. A line of best t for the data in a scatterplot is a line that follows the trend of the data with
approximately half the data points above and half the data points below the line. Based on the given data, a line
of best t will have a positive y-intercept on or near the point and a negative slope. All of the choices are in
slope-intercept form , where m is the slope and b is the y-coordinate of the y-intercept. Only choice

A is an equation of a line with a positive y-intercept at and a negative slope, .

Choice B is incorrect. This equation is for a line that has a negative y-intercept, not a positive y-intercept.
Choices C and D are incorrect and may result from one or more sign errors and from switching the values of the
y-intercept and the slope in the equation.

Question Dif culty: Easy

Question ID e821a26d
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Two-variable data:

and Data Analysis Models and
scatterplots

ID: e821a26d
The scatterplot below shows the amount of electric energy generated, in millions of megawatt-hours, by
nuclear sources over a 10‑year period.

Of the following equations, which best models the data in the scatterplot?

A.

B.

C.

D.

ID: e821a26d Answer

Correct Answer: D

Rationale

Choice D is correct. The data in the scatterplot roughly fall in the shape of a downward-opening parabola;
therefore, the coef cient for the term must be negative. Based on the location of the data points, the y-
intercept of the parabola should be somewhere between 740 and 760. Therefore, of the equations given, the best
model is .

Choices A and C are incorrect. The positive coef cient of the term means that these equations each de ne

upward-opening parabolas, whereas a parabola that ts the data in the scatterplot must open downward. Choice
B is incorrect because it de nes a parabola with a y-intercept that has a negative y-coordinate, whereas a
parabola that ts the data in the scatterplot must have a y-intercept with a positive y-coordinate.

Question Dif culty: Hard

Question ID 9eb896c5
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Two-variable data:

and Data Analysis Models and
scatterplots

ID: 9eb896c5

Which of the following could be the equation for a line of best fit for the
data shown in the scatterplot above?

A.

B.

C.

D.

ID: 9eb896c5 Answer

Correct Answer: A

Rationale

Choice A is correct. The data show a strong linear relationship between x and y. The line of best t for a set of
data is a linear equation that minimizes the distances from the data points to the line. An equation for the line of
best t can be written in slope-intercept form, , where m is the slope of the graph of the line and b is
the y-coordinate of the y-intercept of the graph. Since, for the data shown, the y-values increase as the x-values
increase, the slope of a line of best t must be positive. The data shown lie almost in a line, so the slope can be

roughly estimated using the formula for slope, . The leftmost and rightmost data points have

coordinates of about and , so the slope is approximately , which is a little greater than

3. Extension of the line to the left would intersect the y-axis at about . Only choice A represents a line with a
slope close to 3 and a y-intercept close to .

Choice B is incorrect and may result from switching the slope and y-intercept. The line with a y-intercept of
and a slope of 0.8 is farther from the data points than the line with a slope of 3 and a y-intercept of .

Choices C and D are incorrect. They represent lines with negative slopes, not positive slopes.

Question Dif culty: Medium

Question ID d112bc9d
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Two-variable data:

and Data Analysis Models and
scatterplots

ID: d112bc9d

The scatterplot shows the temperature , in , recorded by a meteorologist at various times , in days since June .

During which of the following time periods did the greatest increase in recorded temperature take place?

A. From to

B. From to

C. From to

D. From to

ID: d112bc9d Answer

Correct Answer: C

Rationale

Choice C is correct. The scatterplot shows that there was an increase in recorded temperature from to
and from to . When , the recorded temperature was approximately and when
, the recorded temperature was greater than . This means that the increase in recorded temperature
from to was greater than , or . When , the recorded temperature was greater
than and when , the recorded temperature was less than . This means that the increase in
recorded temperature from to was less than , or . It follows that the greatest
increase in recorded temperature took place from to .
Choice A is incorrect. The increase in recorded temperature from to was less than the increase in
recorded temperature from to .

Choice B is incorrect. From to , a decrease, not an increase, in recorded temperature took place.

Choice D is incorrect. From to , a decrease, not an increase, in recorded temperature took place.

Question Dif culty: Easy

Question ID 5c24c861
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Two-variable data:

and Data Analysis Models and
scatterplots

ID: 5c24c861
A study was done to determine a new car’s stopping distance when it was traveling at different speeds. The
study was done on a dry road with good surface conditions. The results are shown below, along with the
graph of a quadratic function that models the data.

According to the model, which of the following is the best estimate for the
stopping distance, in feet, if the vehicle was traveling 55 miles per hour?

A. 25

B. 30

C. 210

D. 250

ID: 5c24c861 Answer

Correct Answer: C

Rationale

Correct Answer Rationale

Choice C is correct. According to the model, the stopping distance, in feet, of a vehicle traveling 55 miles per hour
is about 200 feet. Of the choices given, the best estimate of the stopping distance for a car traveling 55 miles per
hour is 210 feet.

Incorrect Answer Rationale

Choices A, B, and D are incorrect and may be the result of incorrectly reading the given quadratic model. The
corresponding x-values to the y-values of 25 and 30 are not part of the model. The corresponding x-value to a y-
value of 250 is approximately 60 mph, not 55 mph.

Question Dif culty: Easy

Question ID 5f3ee607
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Two-variable data:

and Data Analysis Models and
scatterplots

ID: 5f3ee607

Which of the following equations is the most appropriate linear model for the data shown in the scatterplot?

A.

B.

C.

D.

ID: 5f3ee607 Answer

Correct Answer: B

Rationale

Choice B is correct. The equation representing a linear model can be written in the form , or
, where is the slope of the graph of the model and is the y-intercept of the graph of the model.
The scatterplot shows that as the x-values of the data points increase, the y-values of the data points decrease,
which means the graph of an appropriate linear model has a negative slope. Therefore, . The scatterplot
also shows that the data points are close to the y-axis at a positive value of . Therefore, the y-intercept of the
graph of an appropriate linear model has a positive y-coordinate, which means . Of the given choices, only
choice B, , has a negative value for , the slope, and a positive value for , the y-coordinate of
the y-intercept.

Choice A is incorrect. The graph of this model has a y-intercept with a negative y-coordinate, not a positive y-
coordinate.
Choice C is incorrect. The graph of this model has a positive slope, not a negative slope, and a y-intercept with a
negative y-coordinate, not a positive y-coordinate.

Choice D is incorrect. The graph of this model has a positive slope, not a negative slope.

Question Dif culty: Easy

Question ID 661dfddd
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Two-variable data:

and Data Analysis Models and
scatterplots

ID: 661dfddd

The scatterplot above shows the high temperature on a certain day and the
elevation of 8 different locations in the Lake Tahoe Basin. A line of best fit for the
data is also shown. Which of the following statements best describes the
association between the elevation and the temperature of locations in the Lake
Tahoe Basin?

A. As the elevation increases, the temperature tends to increase.

B. As the elevation increases, the temperature tends to decrease.

C. As the elevation decreases, the temperature tends to decrease.

D. There is no association between the elevation and the temperature.

ID: 661dfddd Answer

Correct Answer: B

Rationale

Choice B is correct. The association between the elevation and the temperature of locations in the Lake Tahoe
Basin can be described by looking at the direction of the line of best t. The line of best t slopes downward,
which corresponds to the temperature decreasing as the elevation increases.

Choices A and C are incorrect. Both of these choices would be represented by a line of best t that slopes from
the lower left to the upper right of the graph, which isn’t what’s shown on the graph. Choice D is incorrect. This
choice would be represented by a line of best t that is horizontal or has a slope very close to 0. This is not what’s
shown on the graph.

Question Dif culty: Easy

Question ID 79137c1b
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Two-variable data:

and Data Analysis Models and
scatterplots

ID: 79137c1b

The scatterplot above shows the size x and the sale price y of 25 houses for sale
in Town H. Which of the following could be an equation for a line of best fit for
the data?

A.

B.

C.

D.

ID: 79137c1b Answer

Correct Answer: B

Rationale

Choice B is correct. From the shape of the cluster of points, the line of best t should pass roughly through the
points and . Therefore, these two points can be used to nd an approximate equation for the

line of best t. The slope of this line of best t is therefore , or 100. The equation for the

line of best t, in slope-intercept form, is for some value of b. Using the point , 1 can be
substituted for x and 200 can be substituted for y: , or . Substituting this value into the
slope-intercept form of the equation gives .

Choice A is incorrect. The line de ned by passes through the points and , both of
which are well above the cluster of points, so it cannot be a line of best t. Choice C is incorrect. The line de ned
by passes through the points and , both of which lie at the bottom of the cluster of
points, so it cannot be a line of best t. Choice D is incorrect and may result from correctly calculating the slope
of a line of best t but incorrectly assuming the y-intercept is at .
Question Dif culty: Hard
Question ID fdfc90e4
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Two-variable data:

and Data Analysis Models and
scatterplots

ID: fdfc90e4

The scatterplot shows the relationship between two variables, and . A line of best fit for the data is also shown.

At , which of the following is closest to the y-value predicted by the line of best fit?

A.

B.

C.

D.

ID: fdfc90e4 Answer

Correct Answer: C

Rationale

Choice C is correct. At , the line of best t has a y-value between and . The only choice with a value
between and is choice C.

Choice A is incorrect. This is the difference between the y-value predicted by the line of best t and the actual y-
value at rather than the y-value predicted by the line of best t at .

Choice B is incorrect. This is the y-value predicted by the line of best t at rather than at .

Choice D is incorrect. This is the y-value predicted by the line of best t at rather than at .

Question Dif culty: Medium

Question ID 9b5b23fc
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Two-variable data:

and Data Analysis Models and
scatterplots

ID: 9b5b23fc

For , the function is defined as follows:

equals of
Which of the following could describe this function?

A. Decreasing exponential

B. Decreasing linear

C. Increasing exponential

D. Increasing linear

ID: 9b5b23fc Answer

Correct Answer: D

Rationale

Choice D is correct. It's given that for , is equal to of . This is equivalent to , or

, for . This function indicates that as increases, also increases, which means is an
increasing function. Furthermore, increases at a constant rate of for each increase of by . A
function with a constant rate of change is linear. Thus, the function can be described as an increasing linear
function.

Choice A is incorrect and may result from conceptual errors.

Choice B is incorrect and may result from conceptual errors.

Choice C is incorrect. This could describe the function , where is equal to of ,

not , for .

Question Dif culty: Hard

Question ID af142f8d
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Two-variable data:

and Data Analysis Models and
scatterplots

ID: af142f8d

Amount invested Balance increase

Account A $500 6% annual interest

Account B $1,000 $25 per year

Two investments were made as shown in the table above. The interest in
Account A is compounded once per year. Which of the following is true about
the investments?

A. Account A always earns more money per year than Account B.

B. Account A always earns less money per year than Account B.

C. Account A earns more money per year than Account B at first but eventually earns less money per year.

D. Account A earns less money per year than Account B at first but eventually earns more money per year.

ID: af142f8d Answer

Correct Answer: A

Rationale

Choice A is correct. Account A starts with $500 and earns interest at 6% per year, so in the rst year Account A
earns (500)(0.06) = $30, which is greater than the $25 that Account B earns that year. Compounding interest can
be modeled by an increasing exponential function, so each year Account A will earn more money than it did the
previous year. Therefore, each year Account A earns at least $30 in interest. Since Account B always earns $25
each year, Account A always earns more money per year than Account B.

Choices B and D are incorrect. Account A earns $30 in the rst year, which is greater than the $25 Account B
earns in the rst year. Therefore, neither the statement that Account A always earns less money per year than
Account B nor the statement that Account A earns less money than Account B at rst can be true. Choice C is
incorrect. Since compounding interest can be modeled by an increasing exponential function, each year
Account A will earn more money than it did the previous year. Therefore, Account A always earns at least $30
per year, which is more than the $25 per year that Account B earns.

Question Dif culty: Hard

Question ID 50b2807e
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Two-variable data:

and Data Analysis Models and
scatterplots

ID: 50b2807e

The scatterplot shows the relationship between two variables, and .

Which of the following equations is the most appropriate linear model for the data shown?

A.

B.

C.

D.

ID: 50b2807e Answer

Correct Answer: D

Rationale

Choice D is correct. The data points suggest that as the variable increases, the variable decreases, which
implies that an appropriate linear model for the data has a negative slope. The data points also show that when
is close to , is greater than . Therefore, the y-intercept of the graph of an appropriate linear model has a y-
coordinate greater than . The graph of an equation of the form , where and are constants, has a y-
intercept with a y-coordinate of and has a slope of . Of the given choices, only choice D represents a graph
that has a negative slope, , and a y-intercept with a y-coordinate greater than , .

Choice A is incorrect. The graph of this equation has a positive slope, not a negative slope, and a y-intercept with
a y-coordinate less than , not greater than .
Choice B is incorrect. The graph of this equation has a y-intercept with a y-coordinate less than , not greater
than .

Choice C is incorrect. The graph of this equation has a positive slope, not a negative slope.

Question Dif culty: Medium

Question ID 9d95e7ad
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Two-variable data:

and Data Analysis Models and
scatterplots

ID: 9d95e7ad

The scatterplot above shows the numbers of grams of both total protein and total fat for eight sandwiches on a
restaurant menu. The line of best fit for the data is also shown. According to the line of best fit, which of the following is
closest to the predicted increase in total fat, in grams, for every increase of 1 gram in total protein?

A. 2.5

B. 2.0

C. 1.5

D. 1.0

ID: 9d95e7ad Answer

Correct Answer: C

Rationale

Choice C is correct. The predicted increase in total fat, in grams, for every increase of 1 gram in total protein is
represented by the slope of the line of best t. Any two points on the line can be used to calculate the slope of the
line as the change in total fat over the change in total protein. For instance, it can be estimated that the points
and are on the line of best t, and the slope of the line that passes through them is

, or 1.4. Of the choices given, 1.5 is the closest to the slope of the line of best t.

Choices A, B, and D are incorrect and may be the result of incorrectly nding ordered pairs that lie on the line of
best t or of incorrectly calculating the slope.

Question Dif culty: Hard

Question ID 39aa146d
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Two-variable data:

and Data Analysis Models and
scatterplots

ID: 39aa146d

The scatterplot shows the relationship between and . A line of best fit is also shown.

Which of the following is closest to the slope of the line of best fit shown?

A.

B.

C.

D.

ID: 39aa146d Answer

Correct Answer: C

Rationale

Choice C is correct. It's given that the scatterplot shows the relationship between two variables, and , and a
line of best t is shown. For the line of best t shown, for each increase in the value of by , the corresponding
value of increases by a constant rate. It follows that the relationship between the variables and has a
positive linear trend. A line in the xy-plane that passes through the points and has a slope of .
The line of best t shown passes approximately through the points and . It follows that the slope
of this line is approximately , which is equivalent to . Therefore, of the given choices, is closest
to the slope of the line of best t shown.
Choice A is incorrect. This is the slope of a line of best t for a relationship between and that has a negative,
rather than a positive, linear trend.

Choice B is incorrect. This is the slope of a line of best t for a relationship between and that has a negative,
rather than a positive, linear trend.

Choice D is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Question Dif culty: Easy

Question ID 58171b5e
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Two-variable data:

and Data Analysis Models and
scatterplots

ID: 58171b5e

Each year, the value of an investment increases by of its value the previous year. Which of the following functions
best models how the value of the investment changes over time?

A. Decreasing exponential

B. Decreasing linear

C. Increasing exponential

D. Increasing linear

ID: 58171b5e Answer

Correct Answer: C

Rationale

Choice C is correct. Because the value of the investment increases each year, the function that best models how
the value of the investment changes over time is an increasing function. It′s given that each year, the value of
the investment increases by of its value the previous year. Since the value of the investment changes by a
xed percentage each year, the function that best models how the value of the investment changes over time is
an exponential function. Therefore, the function that best models how the value of the investment changes over
time is an increasing exponential function.

Choice A is incorrect and may result from conceptual errors.

Choice B is incorrect and may result from conceptual errors.

Choice D is incorrect and may result from conceptual errors.

Question Dif culty: Medium

Question ID cf0ae57a
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving Two-variable data:

and Data Analysis Models and
scatterplots

ID: cf0ae57a

The scatterplot above shows the densities of 7 planetoids, in grams per cubic
centimeter, with respect to their average distances from the Sun in astronomical
units (AU). The line of best fit is also shown. An astronomer has discovered a new
planetoid about 1.2 AU from the Sun. According to the line of best fit, which of
the following best approximates the density of the planetoid, in grams per cubic
centimeter?

A. 3.6

B. 4.1

C. 4.6

D. 5.5

ID: cf0ae57a Answer

Correct Answer: C

Rationale

Choice C is correct. According to the line of best t, a planetoid with a distance from the Sun of 1.2 AU has a
predicted density between and . The only choice in this range is 4.6.

Choices A, B, and D are incorrect and may result from misreading the information in the scatterplot.

Question Dif culty: Easy