Characteristics of Sound: een) Cera) lore Trough Wavelength (A) Frequency (f) Bia eren a8) Seon seein FiceUeuemee Rin Pouce Lal eia) So unCciniene cook aac stca part of the wave curve. It is a region where particles cluster together. The density, as well as pressure, is always high in this region. eine acconcch aul em tacoma wave curve. TaCKOR Ese IMMANUEL seese sete Rene Refraction region always has lower pressure. It is the peak of the curve aR elt ae)mualeee lay Se cheecuk Rance iikecn terete or refractions is called Wavelength. Site) SU-Aae lol mome ello em ie elle RN OROAR VCR Nuke i conse Ms mC ice ee sma e tn ‘SI unit: Hertz (Hz) ate R aR oh ane Anam kee eel Cen SRM cule eRCRerccRincen ea called Time Period of the Wave. In other words, the time taken for one complete oscillation through a medium is called a Time Period. SiMe) ene Preaek ecu en sean 1. the frequency of the sound PEN eca tach cela) ayo Mela -moy|oasee (olen -eolt ie)Amplitude Timber The Speed of sound (v) Intensity Loudness The value of the maximum or minimum disturbance caused in the medium is called the Amplitude of the Sound. Amplitude defines if the sound is loud or soft. The timbre or quality of sound is a characteristic with which we can differentiate between different sounds even if they have same pitch and amplitude. The distance by which a compression or refraction of a wave travels per unit time is called as Sound's Speed. SI unit: metres/seconds v = wavelength / time = A/T = A*F Speed of Sound in air = 333 m/s The amount of sound energy that passes through a unit area per second is called its intensity It is how our ears respond to a sound. Two sounds with same intensity can vary in loudness only because we can detect one sound easier than Haremelncie @Comparison of Sound and Light: Speed of light in air = 3 *10*8 m/s ® Speed of sound in air = 332 m/s This clearly states that sound travels a lower speed than that of light in air. This is a eee MAC aga URod elciiule meted ea ERUS CARS ACI CR UCesCM a Rolly thunder reaches our ears after a few seconds. Sound can bounce off a solid or a liquid. Some materials like metals and walls are called Good Reflectors of Sound as they do not absorb the sound while others like clothes and sponge are called Bad Reflectors of Sound as they absorb the sound easily. Laws of Reflection of Sound: « The incident sound wave, the reflected sound wave and the normal, all lie in the same plane. e The angle of incident of incident sound wave is equal to the angle of reflection formed by the reflected sound wave, that is, i =rEcho: When we hear the same sound again and again in a medium it is called Echo. The sound or echo persists in our brain for 0.1 seconds. This means that the difference between sound and its echo should be 0.1 seconds(or more). It is produced as a result of reflection of sound through a medium. If sound reflects more than once we Rm Uae oes Vela eleae ttle) a It is the persistence of a sound after a sound is produced. A reverberation is created when a sound signal is reflected multiple of times within an interval of 0.1 seconds. Auditoriums and big halls often have to deal with reverberation. That is why the roofs are made up of soundproof materials like Flipboard and the chairs in the halls are also made up of fabrics that can absorb sound. Fatiective S™ Ff} Dect Sound Path s—— Advantages of Multiple Reflection of SoundAdvantages of Multiple Reflection of Sound: e Horns, trumpets, loudhailers or megaphones are designed in such a way that sound can travel in a particular direction only without spreading out everywhere. This makes it easier for the audience to listen to the speaker. All these instruments work on the phenomena of multiple reflections of sound. e The multiple reflections in a stethoscope tube make it possible for the doctors to listen to a patient's heartbeat. a e Concert halls are generally covered so that sound can reflect through it and reach the wider audience.Range of sound: On the basis of the range of frequency of a sound, it is categorized into ultrasound and infrasound. Human auditory range is between 20 Hz and 20000 Hz. Infrasound Infrasound refers to the sound with Treo ae mPOA eae Cee ages Infrasound is used to stabilize myopia in Wetnen es Infrasound is influenced by the Creat Reel accu n cate RON Tonio the activities of the atmosphere. In particular, natural disasters such as volcanic eruptions, earthquakes etc can PCCM MCC h gt infrasonic waves, tesounas_ jana LU teceKColt ae) LU irelsel¥ alo Rt -i(-e Rohan eo ole ge RIL) eee OMT Mm Uae Gar Ueeet RCM eat hn Ries Tere SS Oe C eMC LUCE Tenet Py ocmcn aR Nee Re Meme (ota various parts of human body, as well as in RCH RMR Cure leks eet] eC enelg UcenoteR Met nee Meet Sera In particular, ultrasound is also used in micro welding. The weld is produced by TICK Taceammareheimiee eno MeN ARK NACHE RCN Cl together with force. DCU OM ago CROC Rue en Monee ene Rol Cm es CRM Renee a eRe rae urea eel crteel ai) a passed through an amplifier which amplifies the sound and then moves it to a € speaker. The speaker then converts the electrical signal into sound waves and sends Tahu eRe RachApplications of Ultrasound: Seether OCR MMC ARC usm PERT RT NOC eM MOM Re ace utecete co CRN seco ct a-ak ara ee Cnet Rte MR eee p eecto gas ack eerc eel RCT such as a spiral tube or electronic components. In order to clean the objects, they Cee aeRO MMU RGU Ae Relea eee Ree R RO og erro mUCe Meee kunt aseaeceneRe eRe ims Wieetaem ee noc u ra mee Mme fas acnuleecatccol Meee Rog Cie Roun cM TT ese eee Reon tiekett tat aa Pe ae Romeo el mu unm eeu ee] Peon Ma Um OMT Come RUM RR eect nee uae) ete ccs eRe RoR teh ek Cea ue enue ecceUnet e IM Ur Rete CM Cree cena at reset Meee Reid tcc Defect or flaw Urge eN Rk ORR AR Rte tele etetemeel toners el NAY ROR ececeom arc MRCeec Rael Nunc ck murhicen’ in order to form the images of the organ PMU coro N ee Re McRae Reel eo RU ieee aR procedure, the ultrasonic waves are passed through the internal organs of the body in order to get their image. In this way, the doctors can find out the cause of Cee ee Lage ete kee RMN et RT CRT it eet Re NR Ree ac ee et Ree they reflect back. The reflected waves are then converted into electrical signals which form the images of the internal organs. CMU corre Re Re Re eat RON ce auc N eh VRSC CeSONAR - Sound Navigation and Ranging Converts Waves ~ into Electrical Signals DRM te RC RR: ache cues Rese Ro ke once Sec present under the water. It uses Ultrasonic waves to do so. The Sonar consists of two main devices - The transmitter and the detector (or receiver). The main function of the transmitter is the production and transmission Sa Ure cea a RCs Fee RR Cae Cm VAC Rene emcee en detector. The detector then converts these sound waves into electrical signals Pence Cana cus The distance of the object is calculated with the help of the speed of sound in water and time taken by the way to reach the detector. This process is called oa atceHow do bats search their prey? Bats generate Ultrasonic waves. As these waves hit an object, they get reflected back to the bat's ears. The bats can understand the nature of reflection of these waves and then can decide the position of the object over their prey. ZS an