1. What is the function of the ozone layer?

A. Protect the Earth from harmful effects of ultraviolet rays

B. Provide oxygen necessary for life
C. As a medium for transporting water and providing CO2
D. All answers are correct
2. Zooplankton play an important role in which of the following food chains?
A. Grasslands
B. Rainforests
C. Tundra
D. Freshwater watersheds and oceans
3. What types of environments are there?
A. Atmosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere.
B. Natural factors, the relationship between people and society.
C. Natural environment, artificial environment, social environment.
D. Natural environment, artificial environment, ecological environment.
4. Which type of resources non-metallic minerals are classified as?
A. Permanent resources
B. Renewable resources
C. Non-renewable resources
D. Eternal resources
5. The statement of “Populations grow in geometric progression but food production
increases through arithmetic progression” was involved in which of the following
population theories?
A. Classical population theory
B. Population transition theory
C. Modern population theory
D. Malthusian theory
6. Humans affect and alter the carbon cycle by:
A. Increases CO2 concentration in the air
B. Reduces CO2 concentration in the air
C. Increases the amount of carbon accumulated in the soil
D. b and c are correct
7. Which of the following is not a cause of soil degradation and erosion?
A. Using of chemical fertilizers
B. Deforestation
C. Abandoned land
D. Land use change
8. In an eco-industrial park, the minimum required common area of land intended for
tree planting is:
A. 20 % B. 10 % C. 25 % D. 15 %
9. Wastewater with high organic matter content is represented by a high value of
which of the following analytical parameter?
A. TSS B. COD C. DO D. TDS
10. Which of the following is not a goal of the Environmental Sustainability Development?
A. Improved quality of life
B. Application of environmentally friendly technologies in various fields
C. Reducing the amount of waste entering the environment, eliminating toxins
D. Focus on exploiting clean, renewable energy sources
11. Which method is not suitable for organic solid waste treatment?
A. Composting
B. Biogas production
C. Solidification
D. Sanitary dumping
12. Which of the following is NOT a criterion towards social sustainability?
A. Improved quality of life
B. Changing the concept of life ethics
C. Improved public health
D. Focused on the benefits of people with disabilities
13. What term refers the effects of long-term or repeated lower level exposures to a toxic
substance?
A. Acute toxicity
B. Chronic toxicity
C. Clinical toxicity
D. Infiltrative toxicity
14. Benefits of recycling and recycling materials:
A. Saving resources
B. Create clean new products with high quality
C. Take advantage of new sources of raw materials and stable prices
D. Maintain the product quality
15. The most important cause leading to soil salinization is:
A. Global climate change
B. Overuse of organic fertilizers
C. Rising ocean water
D. Seawater intrusion
16. Why is legume planting prefered for crop rotation?
A. To enhance nitrification
B. To enhance denitrification
C. To enhance nitrogen fixation
D. To enhance ammonification
17. Which of the following statements is NOT correct to describe the phosphorus cycle?
A. There is no phosphorus cycling in the atmosphere naturally
B. The majority of phosphorus exists in the geosphere
C. Cycling of phosphorus (P) at the sediment/water interface is generally considered to be
a biotic process
D. The phosphorus cycle is slow compared to other biogeochemical cycles
18. Top-down order of components of continental crust is:
A. Sediment, Basalt, Granite
B. Sediment, Granite, Basalt
C. Basalt, Sediment, Granite
D. Granite, Sediment, Basalt
19. The most observable symptom of eutrophication is:
A. Oxygen depletion
B. Mass death of fishes
C. Overgrowth of aerobic microorganisms
D. Algae blooms
20. When the parcel of warm air moves upwards, it expands, and when air expands, it
cools. This phenomenon gives the name to which layer of the atmosphere?
A. Thermosphere B. Troposphere C. Stratosphere D.
Mesosphere
21. A population with a percentage of children (0-14 years old) less than 30%
and proportion of elderly people (65 years and older) less than 15%
represents:
A. Golden population structure
B. Old population structure
C. Young population structure
D. Stable population structure
 22. An increase in the concentration of a chemical in a biological organism over time,
compared to the chemical's concentration in the environment is refered as:
A. Environmental pollution
B. Bioaccumulation
C. Absorption
D. No correct answer
23. In Vietnam, the demand for water use in different activities is gradually decreasing in
the following order:
A. Industry, agriculture, daily life
B. Daily life, industry, agriculture
C. Agriculture, industry, daily life
D. Agriculture, daily life, industry
24. Among the consequences of climate change, it is forecasted that Vietnam will
be most affected by:
A. Drought, widespread desertification
B. Sea level rise
C. Big storm, hurricane, tsunami
D. No correct answer
25. Biodiversity is a measure of diversity of:
A. Species and their ecosystems
B. Organisms and their genetic resources
C. Species, ecosystems and genetic resources
D. Ecosystems, genetic resources of species
26. Choose the correct statement:
A. The higher the trophic level, the higher the yield of secondary productivity
B. Energy pyramid represents the amount of energy passing through each individual in a
given space
C. The pyramid of numbers is the number of organisms per unit mass or volume at each
trophic level, at a given time.
D. Primary productivity is the amount of organic matter produced by producers per unit area
in a unit time.
27. Only a fraction of the energy available at one trophic level is transferred to the next
trophic level. As the rule of thumb, only ……. of the energy that is available at
every trophic level is transferred to the next trophic level.
A. 15% B. 10% C. 5% D. 20%
28. Which of the following term is related to the change of environmental components
that do not conform to environmental standards, causing adverse effects on
humans and organisms
A. Environmental degradation
B. Environmental incidents
C. Environmental pollution
D. No correct answer
29...........is a resource that can be self-sustaining or self-replenishing when properly
managed. However, if used inappropriately, can be depleted.
A. Renewable resources
B. Permanent resources
C. Non-renewable resources
D. No correct answer
30. Which group of organisms can utilize and convert organic substances into inorganic
substances?
A. Consumers
B. Decomposers
C. Producer
D. All answers are correct
31. Which of the following ecological pyramids is describing the food chain including: oak
trees => worms => worm-eating birds
A. The pyramid of numbers does not have a pyramid shape
B. The pyramid of numbers and the pyramid of energy have a shape of inverted pyramids
C. The pyramid of biomass and the pyramid of energy have a pyramid shape
D. The pyramid of numbers, the pyramid of biomass and the pyramid of energy have a
shape of inverted pyramids
32. What term is used to describe the phenomenon of algae bloom in aquatic systems,
which can eventually lead to serious deterioration of water quality?
A. Salty water B. Water pollution C. Red tide D. Eutrophication
33. What term is used to describe the ability for pollutants to be absorbed by an
environment without detrimental effects to the environment or those who use of it?
A. Carrying capacity
B. Assimilation capacity
C. Loading ability
D. All answers are correct
34. Animals use the energy absorbed in the body for what processes?
A. Respiration, heat exchange, migration, excretion
B. Respiration, excretion, moving, biomass accumulation
C. Excretion, biomass accumulation, respiration
D. No correct answer
 35. Which of the following pillar of sustainable development refers to equal right for
resource access?
A. Economic development
B. Social development
C. Environmental development
D. Cultural development
36. Eutrophication occurs when enclosed water bodies receive large amounts of
nutrients, mainly ............
A. S and P B. P and N C. N and S D. N and Pb
37. Development vs. sustainable development: what is the similarity?
A. Developing cultural diversity
B. Promoting economic growth
C. Creating an equal life in society
D. Improving living quality
38. What is the main air pollutant produced by agricultural production?

A. CH4 and N2O

B. SO2 and NOx
C. CFCs and halogens
D. Dust and CO
39. When does the air become polluted?
A. There are various types of pollutants in the air
B. Concentrations of pollutants exceed permissible standards
C. There are any trace pollutants in the air
D. The air smells badly
40. Which of the following parameters represents a high concentration of suspended
matter in wastewater?
A. TDS B. DOD C. BOD D. TSS
41. Which industrial wastewater source is polluted with color and organic matter?
A. Coffee production process
B. Textile industry
C. Steel industry
D. Brewery industry
42. Choose FALSE statement:
A. The cost for e-waste exporting is about 10 times cheaper than the processing cost
B. The e-waste import brings up absolute economic benefits to poor countries
C. Much more yield of precious metals (gold, silver, copper, ...) can be recovered from
e- waste compared to mined ore (on a basis of weight).
D. About 17% of global e-waste was recycled sustainably.
43. Which of the following parameters affects the pipeline corrosion process?
A. Temperature B. pH C. TSS D. All answers are correct
44. Which of the following is a chemical parameter?
A. Turbidity B. pH C. Color D. No correct answer
45. Which of the following ecosystem has the greatest biodiversity?
A. Breeding ground B. Rice field C. Fish pond D. Mangrove
forest
46. Which of the following is NOT true about solid waste disposal by landfills?
A. Require a large area of land
B. Once a landfill has been properly capped, it can be used for other purposes.
C. Applicable for all types of solid wastes
D. Is a low-cost method
47. The AQI is calculated based on which of the following gases?
A. CO2
B. SO2
C. CH4
D. All answers are correct
48. Which of the following ISO standards refer to environmental impact assessment?
A. ISO 14020 B. ISO 14032 C. ISO 14010 D. ISO 14001
49. Choose the TRUE statement:
A. The temperature of the ozone layer increases with altitude.
B. The ozone layer is located at an altitude of 25 – 45 km.
C. Thermosphere temperature increases with altitude.
D. The ionosphere is located at an altitude over 30 km.
50. What type of resource is sand?
A. Permanent resources
B. Renewable resources
C. Non-renewable resources
D. No correct answer
51. Choose the FALSE statement:
A. Population change rate = overall birth rate – overall death rate
B. Migration rate is the rate of natural population growth
C. Net migration rate = the number of immigrants – the number of emigrants
D. Migration was a determinant factor of population growth in the Middle Ages.
52. For the food chain including small fish, large fish, whale, phytoplankton, zooplankton.
What are the primary producers (i) and consumers (ii)?
A. (i) phytoplankton and (ii) zooplankton
B. (i) phytoplankton and (ii) whale
C. (i) zooplankton and (ii) small fish
D. (i) zooplankton and (ii) whale
53. Which of the following species is not a producer?
A. Algae B. Grass C. Phytoplankton D. Large plants E. Fungi
54. Which part of the Earth's structure has the greatest thickness?
A. Inner core
B. Outer core
C. Mantle
D. Crust
55. Hospital waste is disposed by:
A. using incinerators
B. using landfills
C. using scrubber
D. using precipitators
56. The world’s freshwater is most used for:
A. Cooling in energy plants
B. Living
C. Irrigation
D. Industrial Process
-
57. The converting process from NO3 to N2 is enabled by:
A. Anaerobic bacteria B. Aerobic bacteria C. Fungi D.
Virus Which of the following is relevant to a megacity?
A. Urban area with a population density of over 1500 people/km2
B. Urban area with over 10 million inhabitants
C. Urban area with a population density of over 1000 people/km2
D. Urban area with over 5 million inhabitants
58. Which of the following groups of organisms can fix atmospheric nitrogen?
A. Insect B. Virus C. Bacteria D. No correct answer
59. The most important limiting factor of tropical rainforests is:
A. Light B. Water C. Temperature D. Soil nutrients
60. More than 90% of the mass of the atmosphere is contained in which layers?
A. Four layers near the earth's surface
B. Troposphere
C. Troposphere and stratosphere
D. Three layers near the ground