Biomedical Electronics Circuits: BMTS 3130

Experiment: Operational
amplifier
Dr. Mansouri Sofiene

1445
Experiment: Operational amplifier

EXPERIMENT: OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER

Objectives:
After performing this lab exercise, learner will be able to:
 Understand and comprehend working of opamp
 Design & build different circuit with operational amplifier of desired voltage gain
 Establish relationship between input and output signal
 Practice working with measuring equipment and laboratory tools like digital oscilloscope,
signal generator, multimeter, and Dual DC power supply

Equipment:
To perform this lab experiment, learner will need:
Digital Storage Oscilloscope
Dual DC Power Supply
Signal generator for providing AC input to circuit
Multimeter
Breadboard and connecting wires
BNC cables
Electronic Components: Opamp 741
Resistors

Inverting amplifier

For an inverting amplifier circuit, is it possible to reduce the voltage to less than 1?
A. Yes, by choosing R2 less than R1
B. Yes, by choosing R2= R1
C. No. Not possible.
D. Yes, by choosing R1 = 0 ohms
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Experiment: Operational amplifier

In an inverting amplifier circuit, the ratio of R2 to R1 is 10. What will be the effect on its voltage
gain if positions of R2 and R1 are interchanged?
A. Gain will be 10 times of its previous gain
B. Gain will remain unchanged
C. Gain will reduce to 1/10th of its previous value
D. Gain will reduce to 1/100th of its previous value

Procedure:
- Use an IC 741 and take R2 = R1 = 2k ohm
- Connect the Dual DC power supply to the Breadboard (See Experiment 1)
- Connect the +V to the pin 7 and -V to the pin 4
- Choose ± V = ± 15 V
- Connect the function generator to the Breadboard (See Experiment 1)
- Connect the Vin from the function generator to the pin 2 of the IC
- Choose Vin = (2V pp, 5 KHz).
- Connect the pin 3 of the IC to the ground.
- Connect the pin 6 to channel 2 of the oscilloscope and connect pin 2 to the channel 1 of the
oscilloscope.
- Verify connections
- Turn on the oscilloscope, the function generator, and the Dual DC power Supply.
- Auto set the oscilloscope to see both input and output waveforms.
- Fill this table:

R2 R1 Peak to peak (V) Voltage Gain %

(KΩ) (KΩ) Input Output Estimated Actual Deviation
2 2 2 1
2 2 1 1
10 2 2 5
10 2 1 5
0.2 2 2 0.1
0.2 2 1 0.1

𝐴𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 − 𝐸𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒

Deviation in % = ∗ 100
𝐴𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒

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Experiment: Operational amplifier

Conclusion
- The analysis of the observation confirms that (As expected): The observed voltage gain follows
the estimated value (calculated from resistor values)
- The phase of output is inverted % input - there is a phase inversion as it is inverting amplifier
- The deviation in observed voltage gain from estimated value is more for higher gain (higher R2
to R1 ratio) which could be because of variation in resistance values. Choosing a precise (low
tolerance) resistor would reduce this deviation.

Non-inverting amplifier

Key Concepts:
- In a non-inverting amplifier, the input signal is applied to non-inverting pin of the opamp and
there is no phase inversion between output and input.
- The amplification factor or gain can be controlled by external components - Resistor in feedback
path R2 and input path R1.
- Voltage gain of the non-inverting amplifier is given by:

- While designing opamp circuits, one has to be careful about output saturation - if the gain or
input signal is high enough to drive output beyond the supply voltages (±Vcc), the amplifier goes
into saturation and output is limited to supply voltages.

For a non-inverting amplifier circuit, if R2 < R1, the phase shift between output and input will
be:
A. 0 Degree
B. less than 90 Degree
C. 180 Degree
D. more than 90 Degree
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Experiment: Operational amplifier

For a non-inverting amplifier circuit, is it possible to reduce the voltage to less than 1?
A. Yes, by choosing R2 less than R1
B. Yes, by choosing R2= R1
C. No. Not possible.
D. Yes, by choosing R2 = 0 ohms
In a non-inverting amplifier circuit the ratio of R2 to R1 is 10. What will be the effect on its
voltage gain if positions of R2 and R1 are interchanged?
A. Gain will be 10 times of its previous gain
B. Gain will remain unchanged
C. Gain will reduce to 1/10th of its previous value
D. Gain will increase by 10
Procedure:
- Use an IC 741 and take R2 = R1 = 2k ohm
- Connect the Dual DC power supply to the Breadboard (See Experiment 1)
- Connect the +V to the pin 7 and -V to the pin 4
- Choose ± V = ± 15 V
- Connect the function generator to the Breadboard (See Experiment 1)
- Connect the Vin from the function generator to the pin 3 of the IC
- Choose Vin = (2V pp, 5 KHz).
- Connect the pin 2 of the IC to the intersection between the two resistors.
- Connect the pin 6 to channel 2 of the oscilloscope and connect pin 3 to the channel 1 of the
oscilloscope.
- Verify connections
- Turn on the oscilloscope, the function generator, and the Dual DC power Supply.
- Auto set the oscilloscope to see both input and output waveforms.
- Fill this table:
R2 R1 Peak to peak (V) Voltage Gain
(KΩ) (KΩ) Input Output Estimated Actual
2 2 2 2
2 2 1 2
10 2 2 6
10 2 1 6
0.2 2 2 1.1
0.2 2 1 1.1

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Experiment: Operational amplifier

Conclusion
- The observed voltage gain follows the estimated value (calculated from resistor values)
- The voltage gain remains constant for given input voltage range
- The phase of input and output remains same - there is no phase inversion as it is non-inverting
amplifier

Voltage Follower

Procedure:
- Use an IC 741
- Connect the Dual DC power supply to the Breadboard (See Experiment 1)
- Connect the +V to the pin 7 and -V to the pin 4
- Choose ± V = ± 15 V
- Connect the function generator to the Breadboard (See Experiment 1)
- Connect the Vin from the function generator to the pin 3 of the IC
- Choose Vin = (2V pp, 5 KHz).
- Connect the pin 2 to the pin 6 of the IC.
- Connect the pin 6 to channel 2 of the oscilloscope and connect pin 3 to the channel 1 of the
oscilloscope.
- Verify connections
- Turn on the oscilloscope, the function generator, and the Dual DC power Supply.
- Auto set the oscilloscope to see both input and output waveforms.
- Fill this table:
Frequency Peak to peak (V) Voltage
(KHz) Input Output Gain
500 1
500 4
5 1
5 4

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Experiment: Operational amplifier

Conclusion
- The voltage gain is ~ 1 (as expected)
- The voltage gain remains constant for given voltage and frequency range
- The phase of input and output remains same - no phase inversion

Report
Your laboratory report should include the following items:

 Name, level, date

 Experience Title

 Procedure

 Results

 Analysis and conclusions

Annex