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Trigonometry

The document provides an overview of trigonometry including trigonometric ratios, calculating angles using trigonometric functions, Pythagoras' theorem, and angles of elevation and depression. It includes examples of calculating sides and angles of triangles using trigonometric functions and Pythagoras' theorem.

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Clive Nyabuti
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25 views

Trigonometry

The document provides an overview of trigonometry including trigonometric ratios, calculating angles using trigonometric functions, Pythagoras' theorem, and angles of elevation and depression. It includes examples of calculating sides and angles of triangles using trigonometric functions and Pythagoras' theorem.

Uploaded by

Clive Nyabuti
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Trigonometry

Outline
- Trigonometry
- Pythagoras theorem
- Angles of elevation and depression

Trigonometry
Trigonometric ratios
- Sine
- Cosine
- Tangent

SOHCAHTOA
𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒
Sin x = ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒
𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡
Cos x = ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒

𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒
Tan x = 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡

Calculate the size of the marked angle x° in each of the following


diagrams.

tan x = 7/6 = 1.167

x = tan-11.167 = 49.40

tan x = 13/10.5 = 1.2381


X = tan-1 1.2381 = 51.0730 ✔
tan x = 15/12 = 1.25

x = tan-1 1.25 = 51.3400✔

Calculate the length of the marked side in each of the following diagrams.

sin 24 = l / 6
L = 6 sin 24✔
L = 2.4404cm✔

sin 60 = q / 16
q = 16 sin 60✔
q =13.856cm✔

sin 49 = c / 8.2✔
C = 8.2 sin 49
C = 6.189cm✔

Calculate the marked side or angle in each of the following diagrams

cos 26 = a / 40✔
a = 40 cos 26
a = 35.952cm✔
cos 15 = 14.6 / y
y = 14.6/cos 15✔
y = 15.1150cm✔

cos x = 12 / 18✔
cos x = 0.6667
x = cos-1 0.6667 = 48.187✔

Pythagoras’ theorem
Pythagoras’ theorem states the relationship between the lengths of the three sides of a
right-angled triangle.
Pythagoras’ theorem states that:
a2 = b2 + c2

Worked examples
a) Calculate the length of the side BC.

Calculate the length of the side BC.


Using Pythagoras:
a2 = b2 + c2
a2 = 82 + 62
a2 = 64 + 36 = 100
a = 100 = 10
In each of the diagrams in Questions 1 and 2, use Pythagoras’ theorem to calculate the length
of the marked side.

a2= b2 + c2
42 + 32 = 25
= 25
= 5 cm✔

a2 = b2 + c2
92 + 72 =130
= 130
=11.4018mm✔

b2= c2 - a2
152 - 92 = 144
= 144
= 12cm✔

a2+b2=c2 10.29562+42=121.999
92+52=106 = 121. 999
= 106 =11.0453cm
=10.2956cm✔

a2+b2=c2 132+72= 218


122+52=169 = 218
= 169 =14.765cm
=13cm
a2+b2=c2 162-82= 192 13.856-6=7.856
2 2
10 -8 =36 = 192 g=7.856cm✔
= 36 =13.856cm✔
=6cm✔

a2+b2=c2 6.70822+32= 53. 910


92 - 62= 45 h=7.342cm
= 45
=6.7082cm

Angles of elevation and depression


The angle of elevation is the angle above the horizontal through which a line of view is raised.
The angle of depression is the angle below the horizontal through which a line of view is
lowered.

Worked examples
a) The base of a tower is 60 m away from a point X on the ground. If the angle of elevation of
the top of the tower from X is 40°, calculate the height of the tower

Give your answer to the nearest metre.


b An aeroplane receives a signal from a point X on the ground. If the angle of depression of
point X from the aeroplane is 30°, calculate the height at which the plane is flying. Give your
answer to the nearest 0.1 km.

Work To Do
1. A and B are two villages. If the horizontal distance between them is 12 km and the
vertical distance between them is 2 km, calculate:
a) the shortest distance between the two villages,

b) the angle of elevation of B from A.

2.
X and Y are two towns. If the horizontal distance between
them is 10 km and the angle of depression of Y from X is 7°,
calculate:
a the shortest distance between the two towns,

b the vertical height between the two town

3. A girl standing on a hill at A can see a small boat at a point B on a lake

If the girl is at a height of 50 m above B and at a


horizontal distance of 120 m away from B, calculate:
a the angle of depression of the boat from the girl,

b the shortest distance between the girl and the boat.


4.

Two hot air balloons are 1 km apart in the air. If the angle of
elevation of the higher from the lower balloon is 20°, calculate,
giving your answers to the nearest metre:
a the vertical height between the two balloons,

b the horizontal distance between the two balloons.

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