GIRLS’ HIGH SCHOOL AND COLLEGE, PRAYAGRAJ

WORKSHEET-5

CLASS 9 (A,B,C,D,E&F)

SESSION 2020-2021

SUBJECT-MATHEMATICS

INSTRUCTIONS:- Parents are expected to ensure that the student spends two days to read
and understand the chapter according to the books and website referred and thereafter answer
the given questions.

Note:- 1. Student should refer to books of class 6, 7 & 8 for reference and also the following
websites : www.extramarks.com and www.topperlearning.com

2. Concise MATHEMATICS I.C.S.E. Class-IX by R.K. Bansal

3. Understanding I.C.S.E. MATHEMATICS class-IX by M.L. Aggarwal

TOPIC–FACTORISATION

What is a Factor – When a polynomial (an algebraic expression) is expressed as the product
of two or more expressions, each of the expressions is called a factor of the polynomial. e.g.
x 2 + 5x + 6 = (x + 2)(x + 3).
i.e. (x + 2)(x + 3) are the factors of x 2 + 5x + 6

What is Factorisation – The process of writing an expression in the form of terms or brackets
multiplied together is called factorisation. Each term and each bracket is called a factor of the
expression. e.g. 5x 2 + 15 = 5 (x 2 + 3) i.e. 5 and (x 2 + 3) are the factors of 5x 2 + 15.

METHODS OF FACTORISATION

TYPE 1 – TAKING OUT THE COMMON FACTORS (DIRECT METHOD)

When each term of a given expression contains a common factor, divide each term by this
factor and enclose the quotient within brackets keeping the common factor outside the bracket.
The terms of this expression are 6a2 and -3ax. The HCF of these two terms is 3a.
6a 2 3ax
Therefore, 6a2 − 3ax = 3a ( − ) = 3a (2a − x)
3a 3a

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Solved Example

Factorise: 8ab2 + 12a2 𝑏𝑏

It can easily be seen that 4ab is the largest expression, which divides both the terms 8ab2 and
12a2b completely.
8𝑎𝑎𝑏𝑏 2 +12𝑎𝑎2 𝑏𝑏 =4 𝑎𝑎 𝑏𝑏 (2 𝑏𝑏 +3 𝑎𝑎)
Therefore the factors of the expression 8ab2 + 12a2 𝑏𝑏 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 4a𝑏𝑏 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 (2𝑏𝑏 + 3a)

Q 1. Factorise by taking out the common factor

(i) 2 (2x − 5𝑦𝑦)(3x + 4𝑦𝑦) − 6 (2x − 5𝑦𝑦)(x − 𝑦𝑦)

(ii) x𝑦𝑦 (3x 2 − 2𝑦𝑦 2 ) − 𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦 (2𝑦𝑦 2 − 3x 2 ) + 𝑧𝑧x (15x 2 − 10𝑦𝑦 2 )
(iii) a𝑏𝑏 (a2 + 𝑏𝑏 2 − 𝑐𝑐 2 ) − 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 (𝑐𝑐 2 − a2 − 𝑏𝑏 2 ) + 𝑐𝑐a (a2 + 𝑏𝑏 2 − 𝑐𝑐 2 )
(iv) 2x (a − b) + 3𝑦𝑦 (5a − 5𝑏𝑏 ) + 4𝑧𝑧 (2𝑏𝑏 − 2a)
(v) 4 (x + 𝑦𝑦) 2 − 3 (x + 𝑦𝑦)
(vi) x(a − 5) + 𝑦𝑦 (5 − a)

TYPE 2 – GROUPING METHOD

An expression of an even number of terms can be resolved into factors, if the terms are
arranged in groups such that each group has a common factor.

Procedure

(a) Group the terms of the given expression in such a way that each group has a
common factor.

(b) Factorise each of the groups formed.

(c) From each group obtained in step 2, take out the common factor and put the
other factor into a bracket.

Solved Example

1. Factorise: a𝑏𝑏 + 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 + ax + 𝑐𝑐x

(a) Group the common terms together (ab + bc) + (ax + cx) forming group

(b) b (a + c) + x (a + c) taking out common factors from each group

(c) (a + c) (b + x) taking (a + c) as common factor.

(d) Therefore the factors of a𝑏𝑏 + 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 + ax + 𝑐𝑐x will be (a + c) (b + x)

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 1 5
2. Factorise: a2 + + 2 − 5a −
a2 a
1 5 1 1
a2 + 2
+ 2 − 5a − = (a2 + + 2) − 5(a + )
a a a2 a
1 2 1 1 1 1
=�a + � − 5 �a + � = �a + � �a + � − 5 �a + �
a a a a a
1 1
=�a + � �a + − 5�
a a

Q 2. Factorise by grouping method

(i) a3 + a − 3a2 − 3
(ii) a4 − 2a3 − 4a + 8
(iii) a𝑏𝑏 (x 2 + 1) + x (a2 + 𝑏𝑏 2 )
(iv) (ax + by)2 + (bx − ay)2
(v) (2a − 𝑏𝑏 )2 − 10a + 5𝑏𝑏
(vi) a2 𝑥𝑥 2 + (ax 2 + 1) x + a
(vii) 𝑦𝑦 2 − (𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏 )𝑦𝑦 + 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎
(viii) x 2 + y 2 + x + y + 2xy
(ix) m (x − 3y)2 + n (3y − x) + 5x − 15 y
(x) x (6x − 5y) − 4 (6x − 5y)2

TYPE 3 – BY SPLITTING THE MIDDLE TERM (TRINOMIAL OF THE FORM 𝐚𝐚x 𝟐𝟐 ± 𝒃𝒃x ± 𝒄𝒄)

When a trinomial is of the form ax 2 ± 𝑏𝑏x ± 𝑐𝑐 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 a + 𝑏𝑏x + 𝑐𝑐x 2 , split b (the coefficient of x in the
middle term) into two parts such that the sum of these two parts is equal to b and the product
of these two parts is equal to the product of a and c. Then factorise by grouping method.

Solved Examples

1. Factorise: 𝑥𝑥 2 + 5x + 6

 x 2 + 5x + 6 = x 2 + 3x + 2x + 6 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠, 3 + 2 = 5 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 3 x 2 = 6
 x (x + 3) + 2 (x + 3) = (x + 2) (x + 3)

2. Factorise: 𝑥𝑥 2 − 5x + 6

 x 2 − 5x + 6 = x 2 − 3x − 2x + 6 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠, −3 + (−2) = −5 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎(−3) x(−2) = 6

 x (x − 3) − 2 (x − 3) = (x − 2) (x − 3)

3. Factorise: 𝑥𝑥 2 − 5x − 6

 x 2 − 5x − 6 = x 2 − 6x + x − 6 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠, −6 + 1 = −5 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 − 6 x 1 = −6
 x (x − 6) + 1(x − 6) = (x − 6) (x + 1)

4. Factorise: 𝑥𝑥 2 + 5x − 6

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  x 2 + 5x − 6 = x 2 + 6x − x − 6 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠, 6 + (−1) = 5 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 6 x(−1) = −6
 ( )
x x+6 − 1 x+6 ( ) = (x + 6) x − 1)
(

5. Factorise: 2𝑥𝑥 2 − 7x + 6

 2x 2 − 7x + 6 = 2x 2 − 4x − 3x + 6 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠, −3 + (−4) = −7 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎(−3 )x(−4) = 12

 2x (x − 2) − 3 (x − 2) = (2x − 3) (x − 2)

6. Factorise : 6 + 11x + 3x 2

 6 + 11x + 3x 2 = 6 + 9x + 2x + 3x 2 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠, 9 + 2 = 11 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 9 x 2 = 18

 ( )
3 2 + 3x + x (2 + 3x) = ( 2 + 3𝑥𝑥 )(3 + x)

Q 3. Factorise by splitting the middle term

(i) a2 + 10a + 24
(ii) 6a2 − a − 15
(iii) 𝑎𝑎 (3𝑎𝑎 − 2) − 1
(iv) (2a + b)2 − 6a − 3𝑏𝑏 − 4
(v) 3a2 − 1 − 2a
(vi) (3x − 2𝑦𝑦) 2 + 3 (3x − 2𝑦𝑦) − 10
(vii) 5 − (3a2 − 2a)(6 − 3a2 + 2a)
(viii) 24a3 + 37a2 − 5a
(ix) (x 2 − 3x)(x 2 − 3x − 1) − 20
1 12
(x) + a + a2
35 35

Important Note: ax 2 + bx + c, where a, b and c are real numbers is known as a trinomial or a

quadratic expression in which a= coefficient of x2, b= coefficient of x and c=a constant.

If we find the value of 𝑏𝑏 2 − 4ac and this value is a perfect square, the trinomial ax 2 + bx + c
Is factorisable, otherwise not.

Solved Examples

1. Is 5x 2 + 17x + 6 factorisable. If yes, factorise it.

 Comparing 5x 2 + 17x + 6 with ax 2 + bx + c, we get a=5, b=17 and c=6

 Therefore, b2 − 4ac = (17)2 − (4x5x6) = 289 − 120 = 169 which is a perfect
square.
 Thus, 5x 2 + 17x + 6 is factorisable.

Now, 5x 2 + 17x + 6 = 5x 2 + 15x + 2x + 6 = 5x (x + 3) + 2 (𝑥𝑥 + 3) = (𝑥𝑥 + 3) (5𝑥𝑥 + 2)

2. Is 3x 2 − 8x − 15 factorisable. If yes, factorise it.

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  Comparing 3x 2 − 8x − 15 with ax 2 + bx + c, we get a=3, b= - 8 and c= - 15
 Therefore, b2 − 4ac = (−8)2 − (4 x 3 x(−15)) = 64 + 180 = 244 ,which is not a
perfect square.
 Thus, 3x 2 − 8x − 15 is not factorisable.

Q 4. For each trinomial (quadratic equation) given below, find whether it is factorisable
or not. Factorise if possible.

(i) x 2 − 3x − 54
(ii) 2x 2 − 7x − 15
(iii) 2x 2 + 2x − 75
(iv) 3x 2 + 4x − 10
(v) x(2x − 1) − 1

TYPE 4 – DIFFERENCE OF TWO SQUARES

Since, (x + 𝑦𝑦)(x − 𝑦𝑦) = x 2 − 𝑦𝑦 2 , the factors of x 2 − 𝑦𝑦 2 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 (x + 𝑦𝑦)𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 (x − 𝑦𝑦)

Solved Examples

Factorise :

(i) x 2 − 25 (ii) 9(x − 𝑦𝑦)2 − (x + 2𝑦𝑦) 2 (iii) 48x 3 − 27x

(iv) 16a4 − 𝑏𝑏 4 (v) (1 − x 2 )(1 − y 2 ) + 4xy (vi) (𝑝𝑝2 + 𝑞𝑞 2 − 𝑟𝑟 2 )2 − 4𝑝𝑝2 𝑞𝑞 2

Solution:

(i) x 2 − 25 = (x − 5)(x + 5)

(ii) 9(x − 𝑦𝑦)2 − (x + 2𝑦𝑦)2 = [3 (x − 𝑦𝑦)]2 − (x + 2𝑦𝑦)2

= [(3x − 3𝑦𝑦) + (𝑥𝑥 + 2𝑦𝑦)][(3𝑥𝑥 − 3𝑦𝑦) − (𝑥𝑥 + 2𝑦𝑦)]
= (3x − 3𝑦𝑦 + x + 2y)(3x − 3y − x − 2y)
= (4x − 𝑦𝑦)(2x − 5𝑦𝑦)

(iii) 48x 3 − 27x = 3x (16x 2 − 9) = 3𝑥𝑥 [(4x)2 − (3)2 ] = 3x(4x + 3)(4x − 3)

(iv) 16a4 − 𝑏𝑏 4 = (4a2 )2 − (𝑏𝑏 2 )2 = (4a2 + 𝑏𝑏 2 )(4a2 − 𝑏𝑏 2 ) = (4a2 + 𝑏𝑏 2 )(2a + 𝑏𝑏 )(2a − 𝑏𝑏 )

(v) (1 − x 2 )(1 − y 2 ) + 4xy = 1 − x 2 − y 2 + x 2 y 2 + 4x𝑦𝑦 = 1 + x 2 𝑦𝑦 2 + 2x𝑦𝑦 − x 2 − 𝑦𝑦 2 + 2x𝑦𝑦

= (1 + x 2 𝑦𝑦 2 + 2x𝑦𝑦) − (x 2 + 𝑦𝑦 2 − 2x𝑦𝑦) = (1 + x𝑦𝑦)2 − (x − 𝑦𝑦)2
= [(1 + x𝑦𝑦) + (x − 𝑦𝑦)][(1 + x𝑦𝑦) − (x − 𝑦𝑦)] = (1 + x𝑦𝑦 + x − 𝑦𝑦)(1 + x𝑦𝑦 − x + 𝑦𝑦)

(vi) (𝑝𝑝2 + 𝑞𝑞 2 − 𝑟𝑟 2 )2 − 4𝑝𝑝2 𝑞𝑞 2 = (𝑝𝑝2 + 𝑞𝑞 2 − 𝑟𝑟 2 )2 − (2𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝)2

= (𝑝𝑝2 + 𝑞𝑞 2 − 𝑟𝑟 2 + 2𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝)(𝑝𝑝2 + 𝑞𝑞 2 − 𝑟𝑟 2 − 2𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝)
= (𝑝𝑝2 + 𝑞𝑞 2 + 2𝑝𝑝𝑞𝑞 − 𝑟𝑟 2 )(𝑝𝑝2 + 𝑞𝑞 2 − 2𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 − 𝑟𝑟 2 ) = [(𝑝𝑝 + 𝑞𝑞 )2 − 𝑟𝑟 2 ][(𝑝𝑝 − 𝑞𝑞 )2 − 𝑟𝑟 2 ]

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 = (𝑝𝑝 + 𝑞𝑞 + 𝑟𝑟 )(𝑝𝑝 + 𝑞𝑞 − 𝑟𝑟)(𝑝𝑝 − 𝑞𝑞 + 𝑟𝑟)(𝑝𝑝 − 𝑞𝑞 − 𝑟𝑟)
Q 5. Factorise:

(i) 25a2 − 9𝑏𝑏 2

(ii) a2 − 81(𝑏𝑏 − 𝑐𝑐)2
(iii) 50a3 − 2a
(iv) 3a5 − 108a3
(v) a4 − 1
(vi) (a + 𝑏𝑏 )3 − a − 𝑏𝑏
(vii) 4a2 − (4𝑏𝑏 2 + 4𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 + 𝑐𝑐 2 )
(viii) 9a2 + 3a − 8𝑏𝑏 − 64𝑏𝑏 2
(ix) 4x𝑦𝑦 − x 2 − 4𝑦𝑦 2 + 𝑧𝑧 2
(x) 4x 2 − 12ax − 𝑦𝑦 2 − 𝑧𝑧 2 − 2𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦 + 9a2
(xi) x4 + x2 + 1
(xii) (x 2 + 4y 2 − 9z2 )2 − 16x 2 𝑦𝑦 2
(xiii) a2 − b2 − (a + b)2
1
(xiv) x 2 + 2 − 11
𝑥𝑥
(xv) 4x 4 − x 2 − 12x − 36

TYPE 5 – THE SUM AND DIFFERENCE OF TWO CUBES

We know a3 + 𝑏𝑏 3 = (a + 𝑏𝑏 )3 − 3a𝑏𝑏 (a + 𝑏𝑏 ) = (a + b)(a2 − ab + b2 )

Also, a3 − 𝑏𝑏 3 = (a − 𝑏𝑏 )3 + 3a𝑏𝑏 (a − 𝑏𝑏 ) = (a − b)(a2 + ab + b2 )

Therefore, Factors of a3 + 𝑏𝑏 3 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 (a + b) and (a2 − ab + b2 )

Factors of a3 − 𝑏𝑏 3 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 (a − b) and (a2 + ab + b2 )

Solved Examples

(i) Factorise: a3 + 27𝑏𝑏 3

a3 + 27𝑏𝑏 3 = (a)3 + (3𝑏𝑏 )3

= (a + 3b) [(a)2 − a x 3b + (3b)2 ]
= (a + 3𝑏𝑏)(a2 − 3a𝑏𝑏 + 9𝑏𝑏 2 )

(ii) Factorise: 16a4 + 54a

16a4 + 54a = 2a (8a3 + 27)

= 2a [(2a)3 + (3)3 ]
= 2a (2a + 3)(4a2 − 6a + 9)
1
(iii) Factorise: 125a3 +
8

1 1 3
125a3 + = (5a) 3 + � �
8 2

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 1 1 1
= �5a + � [(5a)2 − �5ax � + � �]2
2 2 2
1 2 5 1
= �5a + � �25a − a + �
2 2 4

(iv) Factorise: a3 + b3 + a + b

a3 + b3 + a + b = (a + b)(a2 − a𝑏𝑏 + 𝑏𝑏 2 ) + (a + 𝑏𝑏)

= (a + 𝑏𝑏)(a2 − a𝑏𝑏 + 𝑏𝑏 2 + 1)

(v) Factorise: 2a7 − 128a

2a7 − 128a = 2a (a6 − 64)

= 2a[(a3 )2 − (8)2 ]
= 2a (a3 + 8)(a3 − 8)
= 2𝑎𝑎 (𝑎𝑎3 + 23 )(𝑎𝑎3 − 23 )
= 2𝑎𝑎 (𝑎𝑎 + 2)(𝑎𝑎 − 2)(𝑎𝑎2 − 2𝑎𝑎 + 4)(𝑎𝑎2 + 2𝑎𝑎 + 4)

Q 6. Factorise:

(i) a3 − 27
(ii) 64 − a3 b3
(iii) 3x 7 𝑦𝑦 − 81x 4 𝑦𝑦 4
(iv) a3 + 0.064
(v) (x − 𝑦𝑦)3 − 8x 3
(vi) a6 − 𝑏𝑏 6
(vii) a3 − 27𝑏𝑏 3 + 2a2 𝑏𝑏 − 6a𝑏𝑏 2
(viii) a − 𝑏𝑏 − a3 + 𝑏𝑏 3
(ix) 1029 − 3x 3

Solved Examples

(i) Show that 153 − 83 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 7

Since a3 − 𝑏𝑏 3 = (a − 𝑏𝑏 )(a2 + a𝑏𝑏 + 𝑏𝑏 2 ),

153 − 83 = (15 − 8)(152 + 15 x 8 + 82 ) = (7)(225 + 120 + 64) = 7 x 409, which is

divisible by 7
5.67 x 5.67 x5.67+4.33 𝑥𝑥 4.33 𝑥𝑥 4.33
(ii) Evaluate ( )
5.67 𝑥𝑥 5.67−5.67 𝑥𝑥 4.33+4.33 𝑥𝑥 4.33

Since a3 + 𝑏𝑏 3 = (a + 𝑏𝑏 )(a2 − a𝑏𝑏 + 𝑏𝑏 2 ).

a 3 +𝑏𝑏 3
Therefore, = (a + 𝑏𝑏 )
a 2 −a𝑏𝑏+𝑏𝑏 2
(I)
After resolving individual terms,

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 (5.67)3 +(4.33)3
we get (5.67)2 −(5.67)(4.33)+(4.33)2
= 5.67 + 4.33 =10

Q 7. Show that

(i) 133 − 53 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 8

(ii) 353 + 273 is divisible by 62

Solved Examples

(i) Find the value of (987) 2 − (13)2

We know a2 − 𝑏𝑏 2 = (a + 𝑏𝑏)(a − 𝑏𝑏)

Let a = 987 and b = 13

Then (987)2 − (13) 2 = (987 + 13)(987 − 13) = 1000 𝑥𝑥 974 = 9,74,000

Q 8. Find the value of

(i) (67.8)2 − (32.2) 2

(6.7)2 −(3.3)2
(ii)
6.7−3.3

Solved Example

Factorise: 12(3x − 2𝑦𝑦)2 − 3x + 2𝑦𝑦 − 1

Let 3x – 2y = a
 12(3x − 2𝑦𝑦) 2 − (3x − 2𝑦𝑦 ) − 1 = 12 (a)2 − a − 1
 12a2 − 4a + 3a − 1 = 4a(3a − 1) − 1(3a − 1)
 [4 (3x − 2𝑦𝑦) − 1][3 (3x − 2y) − 1]
 (12x − 8𝑦𝑦 − 1)(9x − 6𝑦𝑦 − 1)

Q 9. Factorise

(i) 4 (2x − 3y)2 − 8x + 12y − 2

(ii) 3 − 5x + 5y − 12(x − y)2
(iii) 9𝑥𝑥 2 + 3𝑥𝑥 − 8𝑦𝑦 − 64𝑦𝑦 2

END

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