Content Page

SL No
1. Simple to Complex 1-5

2. Simple to Compound 6-10

3. Compound to Simple 10-15

4. Compound to Complex 15-19

5. Complex to simple 20-25

6. Complex to Compound 26-30

7. Shortcuts 31

8. Additional 32-33
 Transformation of sentences

(Simple -Complex)(Simple - Compound)

(Compound -Simple ) ( Compound -Complex ) (Complex -Simple ) ( Complex -Compound )

Transformation: Simple to Complex - English Grammar

( ইংরেজি ব্যাকেণ )

Simple sentence কক Complex sentence এ রূপান্তজেত কোে জিয়ম িীরে ব্জণিত হর া ।

The Rules for transforming Simple sentence to Complex sentence are discussed below.

Simple, Complex, এবং Compound sentence - transformation এর নিয়মগুল ো বু ঝোর জলিে clause এবং phrase সম্পলকে ধোরণো থোকো গুরুত্বপূণে।

Clause এবং phrase এর মলধে প্রধোি পোথেকে হলে - একটি clause এ একটি verb থোলক আর একটি phrase এ ককোি verb থোলক িো. phrase এ participle,
gerund, infinitive, ইত্েোনি থোকল ও ককোি verb থোলক িো. simple sentence এ সোধোরণত্ একটি clause এবং একটি phrase থোলক।

নকন্তু complex এবং compound sentence এর কেলে সোধোরণত্ দুইটি clause থোলক অথেেোৎ দুইটি verb থোলক। কসলেলে simple sentence এ শুধু মোে
একটি verb থোলক।

Complex - If you study well, you will pass. (Two clauses, two verbs)

Simple – By studying hard, you will pass. (One phrase, one clause, and one verb. এখোলি study কক present participle বোনিলয়
কিয়ো হলয়লে যোলত্ প্রথম clause টো কেলে একটো phrase বোিোলিো যোয়, কোরণ simple sentence এ একটো clause ত্থো একটোই verb থোকলত্ পোরলব।)

Complex sentences have some particular connectors which connect the two clauses. The connectors for complex
sentences are: -

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Before, after, till, until, when, where, which, who, whom, why, what, that, since, as, because, if, unless, as
if, as though, although, even though, as soon as, so that, on condition that, and provided that.
Note: Complex to simple এবং simple to complex করোর জলিে complex sentence এর connectors গুন র functions সম্পলকে নবস্তোনরত্ ধোরণো
থোকো প্রলয়োজি।

Simple sentence কক complex sentence এ পনরবত্ে লির জলিে simple sentence এর একটো clause কক কেলে অথবো িত্ুি শব্দ কযোগ কলর দুইটো
clause তত্নর করলত্ হলব। কসই দুইটি clause কক কযোগ করলত্ হলব উপলরোক্ত connectors গুল ো বেবহোর কলর। এর জলিে নিনিে ষ্ট নিয়মগুল োর বোইলরও অলিকেোলব
simple sentence কক complex sentence এ রূপোন্তর করো যোয় এবং সবগুল ো নিয়লমরই বেনত্ক্রম নিয়ম আলে।

জিরনাক্ত জিয়মগুর া সব্ কেরেই ব্যব্হাে কো যারব্ :

Rule 1

If there is an extra phrase in the simple sentence, expand that phrase to make a clause. Then choose a suitable
connectors to connect the clauses.

Phrase টিলক clause এ রূপোন্তর করোর জলিে একটি verb আিলত্ হলব এবং যনি subject িো থোলক ত্োহল একটো subject ও আিলত্ হলব।

Example:

Simple: Seeing the teacher, the student stopped making noise.

এই sentence টিলত্ phrase হলে ‘Seeing the teacher’। এই phrase এ seeing কক সহলজই verb বোিোলিো যোয়। আর কযলহত্ু এই sentence এর
subject একটোই কসলহত্ু আমরো একই subject বেবহোর করলবো।

So, the two clauses we can get from this sentence are:

*The students saw the teacher ---- *The students stopped making noise.

Transformation এ tense পনরবনত্ে ত্ হয় িো। ত্োই আমরো seeing কক saw বোনিলয়নে। দুটি clause এ subject কযলহত্ু একই, ত্োই একটিলত্ pronoun
বেবহোর করলত্ হলব। ত্োরপর উপযুক্ত একটি connector বোেোই করলত্ হলব। এ ধরলির sentence এর কেলে এলকর অনধক connector ও থোকলত্ পোলর এবং সব
গুল োই সঠিক।

The complex sentence could be:

As the student saw the teacher, they stopped making noise.

Since the student saw the teacher, they stopped making noise.

The students stopped making noises when they saw the teacher.

যনি clause এবং phrase এর subject নেন্ন নেন্ন হয়, ত্োহল দুই clause এর জলিে দুই subject থোকলব।
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Example:

Simple: Alex could not go to school due to his mother’s illness.

Complex: Alex could not go to school because his mother was ill.

Or, Alex could not go to school since his mother was ill.

Rule 2
If there is no extra phrase in the simple sentence, you have to find a word which you can expand into a clause. The word
can be an adjective, noun, or adverb.

Example:

Simple: He pleaded for his innocence.

Complex: He pleaded that he was innocence.

এখোলি আমরো innocence শব্দটিলক নসল ক্ট কলর একটি verb এলি আলরকটি clause তত্নর কলরনে। innocence একটি noun, ত্োই এই clause টি একটি noun
clause .

More Examples of noun clauses in complex sentences:

Simple: Murphy knows Mr. Rashid.

Complex: Murphy knows who Mr. Rashid is.

Simple: I prayed for your job.

Complex: I prayed so that you could get the job. (Connector – ‘so that’ requires the modal – ‘can/could’ in the following
clause.)

(Note: Complex করোর কেলে extra একটি verb আিো যোলব।)

Simple: He admitted his guilt.

Complex: He admitted that he was guilty.

For words that are adjectives, you have to make an adjective clause.

Example:

Simple: He was an outstanding actor.

Complex: He was an actor who was outstanding.

এখোলি outstanding শব্দটি একটি adjective এবং এই শব্দ কক ককন্দ্র কলরই একটো clause তত্নর করো হলয়লে।

More Examples of adjective clauses in complex sentences:

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Simple: I lost the most beautiful pen yesterday.

Complex: I lost the pen which was most beautiful.

Simple: He was a remarkable man.

Complex: He was a man who was remarkable.

Simple: I want an extensive encyclopedia.

Complex: I want an encyclopedia which is extensive.

For words that are adverbs, you have to make an adverb clause.

Example:

Simple: He is too weak to carry this heavy bag.

Complex: He is so weak that he cannot carry that heavy bag.

Simple: He is working relentlessly to finish the work.

Complex: He is relentlessly working so that he can finish the work.

Simple: He was born in the year of liberation war.

Complex: He was born when it was the year of liberation war.

Rule 3
নকেু নকেু phrase কক clause এ রূপোন্তর কলর complex sentence তত্নর করোর জলিে নকেু নিনিে ষ্ট নিয়ম রলয়লে। কসগুল ো হ – LETCWF

Because of = clause + because/as/since + clause.

Example:

Simple: I could not do it because of my illness.

Complex: I could not do it because I was ill.

Or, I could not do it as I was ill.

Or, I could not do it since I was ill.

At the time of (indcation of time)= when + clause + clause / clause + When + clause.

Example:

Simple: At the time of my birth, my father was abroad.

Complex: When I was born, my father was abroad.

In spite of/ despite = though/although + clause + clause.

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Example:

Simple: In spite of being a good student, he could not do well on the exam.

Complex: Although he is a good student, he could not do well on the exam.

Simple: Despite being sick, Robin went to school.

Complex: Though Robin was sick, he went to school.

Without + v1(ing) = if + clause + clause. / clause + unless + clause.

Example:

Simple: Without playing well, we cannot win this match.

Complex: If we do not play well, we cannot win this match.

Or, We cannot win this match unless we play well.

Simple: Without being there myself, I cannot do it.

Complex: If I am not there myself, I cannot do it.

Or, I cannot do it unless I’m there myself.

Too . . (an adjective) . . too = clause + so . .(the adjective). . that + clause.

Example: LETCWF

Simple: He is too weak to continue walking.

Complex: He is so weak that he cannot walk.

Simple: They are too strong to lose.

Complex: They are so strong that they cannot lose.

Note: (Connector – ‘so that’ requires the modal – ‘can/could’ in the following clause.)

Transformation: Simple to Compound - English Grammar

( ইংরেজি ব্যাকেণ )

5
 Simple sentence কক Compound sentence এ রূপান্তজেত কোে জিয়ম িীরে ব্জণিত হর া ।

The Rules for transforming Simple sentence to Compound sentence are discussed below.

একটি simple sentence এ একটিমোে independent clause থোলক এবং ককোলিো dependent clause থোলক িো ।

A simple sentence is characterized by only one independent clause and no dependent clause.

Such as: Listening to music is my hobby.

পেোন্তলর একটি compound sentence এ কমপলে দুটি independent clause থোলক যোরো পৃথক sentence নহলসলব বেবহৃত্ হলত্ পোলর এবং
coordinating conjunction নিলয় যুক্ত থোলক ।

On the other hand, a compound sentence is characterized by at least two independent clauses which can be used as
separate sentences and are connected with a coordinating conjunction.

Such as: Listening to music and singing songs are my hobbies.

Rule 1
যনি simple sentence এ কবোঝোলিো হয় কয ককউ দুলটো কোজ করলে, একটি আলগ ও আলরকটি পলর ত্লব Compound sentence এ প্রথম কোজটিলক নিত্ীয় কোলজর
আলগ উলেখ কলর ত্োলিরলক “and” conjunction নিলয় যুক্ত করলত্ হলব। Sentence এ নিত্ীয় কোলজর tense বেবহোর করো হলব। LETCWF

If the simple sentence is stating that a person is doing two things one after another, the compound sentence will
mention the first thing before the second thing and join them with a conjunction-“and” and the tense will be same as of
doing the second thing. LETCWF

Example:

Simple: Coming home she had lunch.

Compound: She came home and had lunch.

Simple: Going to the office I will write the article.

Compound: I will go to the office and will write the article.

Simple: Going to the varsity she will do the class.

Compound: She will go to the varsity and will do the class.

Rule 2

6
Simple sentence এ “besides being” থোকল compound sentence এ “not only..….but also” structure বেবহোর করো হলব। LETCWF

If the simple sentence has “besides being,” the compound sentence will use “not only..….but also.”

Simple: Besides being beautiful the girl is intelligent.

Compound: The girl is not only beautiful but also intelligent.

Simple: Besides being a brilliant student she is a good singer.

Compound: She is not only a brilliant student but also a good singer.

Simple: Besides being a good writer he is an outstanding lecturer.

Compound: He is not only a good writer but also an outstanding lecturer.

Rule 3
যনি simple sentence এ “in spite of” থোলক ত্লব compound sentence এ conjunction “but” নিলয় নেন্ন clause দুলটো যুক্ত করলত্ হলব।

If the simple sentence has “in spite of,” the compound sentence will use the conjunction “but” joining the two different
clauses.

Simple: In spite of his poverty the postman never shirks his duty.

Compound: The postman is poor, but he never shirks his duty.

Simple: In spite of his illness he sat for the exam.

Compound: He was ill, but he sat for the exam.

Rule 4
যনি simple sentence এ ব ো হয় কয একজি person কক ককোিনকেু অজেি করলত্ must নকেু করলত্ হলব ত্লব compound sentence এই structure
follow করলব, ”person must do….or/otherwise the person will not…..”

If the simple sentence tells that a person must do something to achieve a certain thing, the compound sentence will
follow this structure, ”person must do….or/otherwise the person will not…..”

Simple: You must study hard to get good marks in the exam.

Compound: You must study hard or/otherwise, you will not get good marks in the exam.

Simple: He must run fast to win the race.

Compound: He must run fast or/otherwise, he will not win the race.

Rule 5

7
যনি simple sentence এ ব ো হয় কয একজি person কক must নকেু করলত্ হলব ককোিনকেু escape/avoid করলত্ ত্লব compound sentence এই
structure follow করলব ”person must do….or/otherwise person will + verb’s simple form…..” or , ”person must
do…...or/otherwise person will be + verb’s past participle form

If the simple sentence dictates that a person must do something to escape/avoid a certain thing, the compound
sentence will follow one of the following structures:

”person must do….or/otherwise the person will + verb’s simple form…..”

”person must do…...or/otherwise the person will be + verb’s past participle form.”

Simple: You must study hard to escape failure in the exam.

Compound: You must study hard or/otherwise you will fail the exam.

Simple: He must run fast to avoid losing in the race.

Compound: He must run fast or/otherwise, he will lose the race.

Simple: The culprit must run away to avoid his arrest.

Compound: The culprit must run away or/otherwise, he will be arrested.

Rule 6
যনি simple sentence এ একজি person এর ককোি কোজ করোর কোরণ ব ো হয়, ত্লব compound sentence এ প্রথলম কোরণ উলেখ কলর result বো
ফ োফ লক conjunction “and” নিলয় যুক্ত করো হয়। LETCWF

If the simple sentence states any cause of a person’s doing something, the compound sentence will first state the cause,
then join the result or outcome with a conjunction “and.”

Simple: Being guilty he ran away.

Compound: He was guilty, and he ran away.

Simple: Being so happy he started to dance.

Compound: He was very happy, and he started to dance.

Rule 7
যনি simple sentence এ “for” থোলক এবং এর আলগ ককোি কোজ করোর ফ োফ থোলক ও পলর কোরণ থোলক ত্লব compound sentence এ
“so”/”therefore” থোকলব এবংএর আলগ কোরণ ও পলর কোজ করোর ফ োফ থোকলব।

If the simple sentence has “for” having the result before it and cause after it, the compound sentence will contain the
conjunction “so”/”therefore” having the cause before it and the result after it.

8
Simple: The boss praised him for his hard work.

Compound: He worked hard, so the boss praised him.

Compound: He worked hard, and therefore, the boss praised him.

In the above sentence, the result is “the praise of the boss, ” and the cause is “his(a person’s) hard work.”

Simple: The singer is very popular among people for her sweet voice.

Compound: The singer’s voice is sweet, so she is very popular among people.

Compound: The singer’s voice is sweet therefore she is very popular among people.

Rule 8
যনি simple sentence এ “to” থোলক এবং এর আলগ ককোি কোজ করোর ফ োফ থোলক ও পলর কোরণ থোলক ত্লব compound sentence এ conjunction
“and” বেবহোর হলব ও বোনক সবনকেু একই থোকলব।

If the simple sentence has “to” having the result/outcome before it and the cause/reason after it, the compound
sentence will have the conjunction “and” all other things being the same.

Simple: She came here to meet me.

Compound: She came here and met me.

Simple: She studied hard to get good marks.

Compound: She studied hard and got good marks.

Rule 9
যনি simple sentence এ “In the event of being” থোলক ত্লব compound sentence এই structure follow করলব, “person must not be+
adjective + or/otherwise + person will not be…….”। LETCWF

If the simple sentence has “In the event of being,” the compound sentence will follow this structure “person must not
be+ adjective + or/otherwise + person will not be…….”

Simple: In the event of being late you will not be allowed to participate in the meeting.

Compound: You must not be late or/ otherwise you will not be allowed to participate in the meeting.

Simple: In the event of being lazy you will not be allowed on the team.

Compound: You must not be lazy or/ otherwise you will not be allowed on the team.

Transformation: Compound to Simple - English Grammar (ইংলরনজ বেোকরণ)

A compound sentence is characterized by at least two independent clauses which can be used as separate sentences
and are connected with coordinating conjunctions.

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একটি compound sentence এ কমপলে দুটি independent clause থোলক যোরো পৃথক sentence নহলসলব বেবহৃত্ হলত্ পোলর এবং coordinating
conjunction নিলয় যুক্ত থোলক ।

Such as: Listening to music and singing songs are my hobbies.

On the other hand, a simple sentence is characterized by only one independent clause and no dependent clause.

Such as: Listening to music is my hobby.

Transformation: Compound to Simple - English Grammar

( ইংরেজি ব্যাকেণ )

Compound sentence কক Simple sentence এ রূপান্তজেত কোে জিয়ম িীরে ব্জণিত হর া ।

The Rules for transforming Compound sentence to Simple sentence are discussed below.

Rule 1
If the compound sentence is stating that a person is doing two things one after another and join them with a
conjunction-“and”; then while transforming it into simple, “ing” will be added to the first verb; thus the first clause will
be shortened and tense will be same as the second clause.

যনি compound sentence এ কবোঝোলিো হয় কয ককউ দুলটো কোজ করলে, একটি আলগ ও আলরকটি পলর এবং “and” conjunction নিলয় যুক্ত থোলক, ত্লব simple
sentence এ রূপোন্তনরত্ করোর সময়

প্রথম verb এর সোলথ “ing” কযোগ কলর প্রথম clause টিলক সংনেপ্ত করো হয় এবং নিত্ীয় clause এর

Tense বেবহৃত্ হয় ।

Compound: I went there and met her.

Simple: Going there I met her.

Compound: She will go to the office and will do the work.

Simple: Going to the office she will do the work.

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Compound: She will go to the theatre and watch the play.

Simple: Going to the theatre she will watch the play.

Rule 2

If the compound sentence has “not only..….but also”, the simple sentence will use “besides being.”

Compound sentence এ “not only..….but also” থোকল , simple sentence এ “besides being” বেবহোর করো হলব।

Compound: The girl is not only beautiful but also intelligent.

Simple: Besides being beautiful the girl is intelligent.

Compound: She is not only a brilliant student but also a good singer.

Simple: Besides being a brilliant student she is a good singer.

Compound: He is not only a good writer but also an outstanding lecturer.

Simple: Besides being a good writer he is an outstanding lecturer.

Rule 3

If the compound sentence has the conjunction “but” joining the two different clauses, the simple sentence will use “in
spite of” at the beginning following my/his/her according to the person+ noun form of the adjective of the subordinate
clause + main clause.

যনি compound sentence এ conjunction “but” নিলয় দুলটো নেন্ন clause যুক্ত থোলক, ত্লব simple sentence এ শুরুলত্ “in spite of”, এর পলর
person অিুযোয়ী my/his/her + subordinate clause এর adjective এর noun form + main clause বেবহোর করো হলব।

Compound: The book was long but interesting.

Simple: In spite of being long the book was interesting.

Compound: He was ill, but he came for rehearsal.

Simple: In spite of his illness he came for rehearsal.

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Rule 4

If the compound sentence has this structure, ”the person must do….or/otherwise, the person will not…..”, the simple
sentence will follow this structure, “ person must do….to + the result/outcome of doing the work.

যনি compound sentence এই structure follow কলর, ”person must do….or/otherwise person will not…..” , ত্লব simple
sentence এই structure follow করলব, “ person must do….to + কোজটি করোর ফ োফ ।

Compound: You must study hard or/otherwise, you will not get good marks in the exam.

Simple: You must study hard to get good marks in the exam.

Compound: He must run fast or/otherwise, he will not win the race.

Simple: He must run fast to win the race.

Rule 5

If the compound sentence follows this structure, ”person must (do)….or/otherwise person will + verb’s simple form…..”
or , ”person must do…...or/otherwise person will be + verb’s past participle form, the simple sentence will follow this
structure, ”person must (do)….to escape/avoid……”.

যনি compound sentence এই structure follow কলর, ”person must (do)….or/otherwise person will + verb এর simple form…..”
or , ”person must do…...or/otherwise person will be + verb এর past participle form, simple sentence এই structure follow
করলব, ”person must (do)….to escape/avoid……” । LETCWF

Compound: You must practice hard or/otherwise, you will lose the game.

Simple: You must practice hard to escape losing the game.

Compound: He must work hard or/otherwise, he will be suspended.

Simple: He must work hard to avoid suspension.

Compound: The thief must run away or/otherwise, he will be beaten.

Simple: The thief must run away to avoid being beaten.

12
If the compound sentence first states a cause behind a work, then join the result or outcome with a conjunction “and ”,
the simple sentence will follow this structure, “ Being + adjective (cause)+ main clause.

যনি compound sentence প্রথলম ককোলিো কোজ করোর কোরণ উলেখ কলর, কোজ করোর ফ োফ লক conjunction “and ” নিলয় যুক্ত কলর, ত্লব simple
sentence এই structure follow করলব, “ Being + adjective (কোরণ)+ main clause।

Compound: He was guilty, and he ran away.

Simple: Being guilty he ran away.

Compound: He was very happy, and he started to dance.

Simple: Being so happy he started to dance.

Rule 6
If the compound sentence contains the conjunction “so”/”therefore” having the cause before it and the result after it,
the simple sentence will have “for” having the result before it and cause after it.

যনি compound sentence এ “so”/”therefore” থোলক এবংএর আলগ কোরণ ও পলর কোজ করোর ফ োফ থোলক, ত্লব simple sentence এ “for” থোকলব
এবং এর আলগ ককোি কোজ করোর ফ োফ ও পলর কোরণ থোকলব।

LETCWF

Compound: He worked hard, so the boss praised him.

Compound: He worked hard, and therefore the boss praised him.

Simple: The boss praised him for his hard work.

In the above sentence, the result is “the praising of boss”, and the cause is “his(a person’s) hard work”.

Compound: The singer’s voice is sweet, so she is very popular among people.

Compound: The singer’s voice is sweet therefore she is very popular among people.

Simple: The singer is very popular among people for her sweet voice.

13
If the compound sentence has the conjunction “and” having the result/outcome before it and the cause/reason after it,
the simple sentence will use “to” all other things being the same.

যনি compound sentence এ conjunction “and” বেবহোর কলর এর আলগ ককোি কোজ করোর ফ োফ

ও পলর কোরণ থোলক, ত্লব simple sentence এ “to” বেবহোর হলব ও বোনক সবনকেু একই থোকলব।

Compound: She came here and met me.

Simple: She came here to meet me.

Simple: She studied hard to get good marks.

Compound: She studied hard and got good marks.

Rule 7

If the compound sentence follows this structure, “person must not be+ adjective + or/otherwise + person will not
be…….”, the simple sentence will use “In the event of being” in the beginning + adjective+ main clause.

যনি compound sentence এই structure follow কলর, “person must not be+ adjective + or/otherwise + person will not be…….”,
simple sentence শুরুলত্ “In the event of being”+ adjective+ main clause বেবহোর করলব । LETCWF

Compound: You must not be late or/ otherwise you will not be allowed to participate in the meeting.

Simple: In the event of being late you will not be allowed to participate in the meeting.

Compound: You must not be lazy or/ otherwise you will not be allowed on the team.

Simple: In the event of being lazy you will not be allowed on the team.

Transformation: Compound to Complex - English Grammar

( ইংরেজি ব্যাকেণ )

Compound sentence কক Complex sentence এ রূপান্তজেত কোে জিয়ম িীরে ব্জণিত হর া ।

14
 The Rules for transforming Compound entence to Complex sentence are discussed below.

A compound sentence is characterized by at least two independent clauses which can be used as separate sentences
and are connected with coordinating conjunctions.

একটি compound sentence এ কমপলে দুটি independent clause থোলক যোরো পৃথক sentence নহলসলব বেবহৃত্ হলত্ পোলর এবং coordinating
conjunction নিলয় যুক্ত থোলক ।

Such as, Listening to music and singing songs are my hobbies.

On the other hand, a complex sentence is characterized by one independent clause and at least one dependent clause.

পেোন্তলর Complex sentence এ একটি independent clause এবং কমপলে একটি dependent clause থোলক।

Such as, I will wait here until you come.

Rule 1
If the compound sentence uses the conjunction “but”/”yet” to connect the different clauses, the complex sentence will
use “though”/”Although” in the beginning and “but”/”yet” will be removed.

Compound sentence “but”/”yet” conjunction নিলয় পৃথক clause গুল োলক যুক্ত করল , Complex sentence এর শুরুলত্
“though”/”Although” বলস “but”/”yet” উলে যোলব ।

Compound: He is poor, but he is happy.

Complex: Though he is poor, he is happy.

Compound: She is ill, yet she worked very hard.

Complex: Although she is ill, she worked very hard.

Compound: The class was lengthy, but it was enjoyable.

Complex: Though the class was lengthy, the class was enjoyable.

Rule 2
If the compound sentence uses the conjunction “or”/”otherwise” to connect different clauses and future tense is used in
the second clause, the complex sentence uses “lest” in the middle and “should” after the person.

যনি Compound sentence এ conjunction “or”/”otherwise” বেবহোর কলর পৃথক clause গুল োলক যুক্ত করো হয় এবং নিত্ীয় clause এ future
tense হয়, ত্লব complex sentence এর মোলঝ “lest” হলব এবং person এর পলর “should” বসলব ।
15
Compound: Study hard, or you will fail.

Complex: Study hard lest you should fail.

Compound: Practice hard otherwise you will be out of the cricket team.

Complex: Practice hard lest you should be out of the cricket team.

Rule 3
If the compound sentence uses the conjunction “and” to join the different clauses, the complex sentence will use “As
soon as” in the beginning removing the “and” from the middle.

যনি compound sentence “and” conjunction নিলয় পৃথক clause গুল োলক যুক্ত কলর, ত্লব complex sentence এর শুরুলত্ “As soon as” বলস
মোঝ কথলক “and” উলে যোলব । LETCWF

Compound: The rain stopped, and we started the journey.

Complex: As soon as the rain stopped, we started the journey.

Compound: The crowd saw the hero and started shouting.

Complex: As soon as the crowd saw the hero, they started shouting.

Rule 4
If the compound sentence uses “and”/ ”so” /”hence” /”therefore” to connect the different clauses, the complex
sentence uses “since”/”as”/”when” in the beginning removing “and”/ ”so”/ ”hence”/ ”therefore” from the middle.

যনি compound sentence “and”/ ”so”/ ”hence”/ ”therefore” নিলয় পৃথক clause গুল োলক যুক্ত কলর, ত্লব complex sentence এর শুরুলত্
“since”/ ”as”/ ”when” বলস “and”/ ”so”/ ”hence”/ ”therefore” উলে যোলব ।

Compound: The weather was bad, and the match did not take place.

Complex: Since the weather was bad, the match did not take place.

Compound: She was ill, so she did not come.

Complex: As she was ill, she did not come.

Compound: The sun has set to the west, and therefore it is evening.

Complex: When it is evening, the sun has set to the west.

Rule 5
If the compound sentence uses “and” to connect two different clauses about the same person, the complex sentence
will use relative pronoun “who” in place of “and” removing the pronoun after it.

16
যনি compound sentence এ “and” বেবহৃত্ হয় একই বেনক্ত সম্পলকে দুলটো নেন্ন clause যুক্ত করলত্, ত্লব complex sentence “and” এর স্থোলি
relative pronoun “who” বেবহোর কলর এর পলরর pronoun উঠিলয় কিলব ।

Compound: I saw a girl, and she was singing.

Complex: I saw a girl who was singing.

Compound: I have a friend, and she is a writer.

Complex: I have a friend who is a writer.

Rule 6
sentence follows this structure, “Let+ object form of pronoun+ affirmative form of subordinate clause+ or/otherwise+
main clause”, the complex sentence starts with “if” having first or third person after it and it bears a negative meaning.

যনি compound sentence এই structure follow কলর , “Let+ pronoun এর object form + subordinate clause এর affirmative form
+ or/otherwise + main clause”, ত্লব complex sentence এর শুরুলত্ “if” ও এর পলর first or third person বেবহোর কলর negative অথে প্রকোশ
কলর । LETCWF

Compound: let me go there or/otherwise I will be unable to learn it.

Complex: If I do not go there I will be unable to learn it.

Compound: Let me study hard or/otherwise I will be unable to get good marks.

Complex: if I do not study hard I will be unable to get good marks.

Rule 7
If the compound sentence follows this structure, “Let+ object form of pronoun+ “and” between two clauses+ main
clause”, the complex sentence starts with “if” having first or third person after it and it is in affirmative form.

Compound sentence যনি এই structure follow কলর , “Let+ pronoun এর object form + দুই clauses এর মোলঝ “and” + main
clause”, ত্লব complex sentence এর শুরুলত্ “if” ও এর পলর first or third person বেবহোর কলর affirmative form এ থোলক ।

Compound: Let me study hard, and I will be able to get good marks.

Complex: If I study hard, I will be able to get good marks.

Compound: Let me go there, and I will be able to learn it.

Compound: Let me go there, and I will be able to learn it.

Rule 8

17
If the compound sentence uses an affirmative form of verb+ or/otherwise + main clause, the complex sentence starts
with “if” having the second person after it and expressing a negative meaning.

Compound sentence যনি এই structure follow কলর , verb এর affirmative form + or/otherwise + main clause, complex
sentence এর শুরুলত্ “if” ও এর পলর second person বেবহোর কলর negative অথে প্রকোশ কলর ।

Compound: Study hard, or you will fail.

Complex: If you do not study hard, you will fail.

Compound: Practice more, or you cannot become a good singer.

Complex: If you do not practice more, you cannot become a good singer.

Rule 9
If the compound sentence uses an affirmative form of verb+ and + main clause, the complex sentence starts with “if”
having second person after it and it's in affirmative form. LETCWF

Compound sentence যনি এই structure follow কলর , verb এর affirmative form + and + main clause, Complex sentence এর
শুরুলত্ “if” ও এর পলর second person বেবহোর কলর affirmative form এ থোলক ।

Compound: Study hard, and you will get good marks.

Complex: If you study hard, you will get good marks.

Compound: Read more, and your writing capability will increase.

Complex: If you read more, your writing capability will increase.

Rule 10
If the compound sentence has this form, “very….and so/hence/therefore+ main clause”, the If the complex sentence will
use “so…that” form.

যনি compound sentence “very….and so/hence/therefore+ main clause” এই from এ থোলক, ত্লব complex sentence “so…that”
form বেবহোর করলব ।

Compound: I am very tired, and so/hence/therefore I cannot work.

Complex: I am so tired that I cannot work.

Compound: The place is very crowded, and so/hence/therefore I cannot find a place to stand.

Complex: The place is so crowded that I cannot find a place to stand.

Rule 11
18
If the compound sentence uses ”or” between two clauses stating an advice, the complex sentence starts with “Unless”
following second person(you).

যনি compound sentence দুই clause এর মোলঝ ”or” বেবহোর কলর উপলিশ কিয়ো কবোঝোয়, ত্লব Complex sentence এর শুরুলত্ “Unless” ও এর পলর
second person (you) থোলক ।

Compound: Say prayers, or you cannot advise anyone to say prayers.

Complex: Unless you say prayers, you cannot advise anyone to say prayers.

Compound: Practice hard, or you cannot become a good singer.

Complex: Unless you practice hard, you cannot become a good singer.

Accomplished by

© LETCWF

Transformation: Complex to Simple – English Grammar

(ইংরেজি ব্যাকেণ)

Complex sentence কক Simple sentence এ রূপান্তজেত কোে জিয়ম িীরে ব্জণিত হর া ।

The Rules for transforming complex sentence to simple sentence are discussed below.

A sentence characterized by one independent clause and at least one dependent clause is called a Complex sentence.

19
একটি Complex sentence এ একটি independent clause এবং কমপলে একটি dependent clause থোলক ।

Such as, Although I was ill, I attended the meeting.

On the other hand, a sentence characterized by only one independent clause and no dependent clause is called a Simple
sentence.

পেোন্তলর একটি Simple sentence এ একটি মোে independent clause এবং ককোলিো dependent clause থোলক িো।

Such as, In spite of my illness I attended the meeting.

Rule 1
When the subject of two clauses of a complex sentence including since/as/when is same and both clauses have the main
verb, the simple sentence will follow this formula: Verb+ing of 1st clause + the rest of the verb + comma + subject of 1st
clause + the rest.

যখি since/as/when সহ complex sentence এর দুটি clause এর subject একই হয় এবং উেয় clause এর main verb থোলক, ত্লব simple
sentence এই formula follow করলব: 1st clause এর Verb+ ing + verb এর বোনক অংশ + comma + 1st clause এর subject + বোনক অংশ ।

Example:

Complex: Since I was ill, I could not attend the meeting.

Simple: Being ill, I could not attend the meeting.

Complex: As I performed very well, I got the first prize.

Simple: Performing very well, I got the first prize.

Complex: When the criminal saw the police, he ran away.

Simple: Seeing the police, the criminal ran away.

Exception:

Complex: When the chicken curry arrived, we started having lunch.

Simple: On the arrival of the chicken curry, we started having lunch.

Rule 2
20
When the subjects of two clauses of a complex sentence are different and have am/is/are/was/were/has/have/had, the
simple sentence will follow this rule: Eliminate the since/as/when + replacing am/is/are/was/were use being or in place
of has/have/had use having + 2nd clause.

যখি complex sentence এর দুটি clause এর subject নেন্ন হয় এবং am/is/are/was/were/has/have/had থোলক, ত্লব simple sentence এই
নিয়ম follow করলব:

since/as/when উঠিলয় কিলব + am/is/are/was/were এর পনরবলত্ে being অথবো has/have/had এর পনরবলত্ে having বেবহোর করলব + ২য় clause ।

Example:

Complex: Since the weather was very bad, we did not start the journey.

Simple: The weather being very bad, we did not start the journey.

Complex: When the show was over, we came back home.

Simple: The show being over, we came back home.

Rule 3
When the subject of the two clauses is same, and the subordinate clause has be verb (am/ is/ are/ was/ were/ have/
has/ had), the simple sentence will follow this rule: Because of in the place of since/as + the possessive form of subject
of 1st clause + being in the place of (am/is/are/was/were) or having in the place of (has/have/had) + the rest + comma +
2nd clause.

যখি দুটি clause এর subject একই হয় এবং subordinate clause এর be verb (am/is/are/was/were/has/have/had) থোলক, ত্লব simple
sentence এই নিয়ম follow করলব:

since/as এর পনরবলত্ে because of+ ১ম clause এর subject এর possessive form + (am/is/are/was/were) এর পনরবলত্ে being অথবো
(has/have/had) এর পনরবলত্ে having বেবহোর করলব + comma+ ২য় clause ।

Example:

Complex: Since he was ill, he could not come.

Simple: Because being ill, he could not come.

Complex: He was loved by all, as he had honesty.

Simple: He was loved by all, because of his having honesty.

21
Rule 4
When a complex sentence has relative pronoun, the simple sentence will follow this rule: From the beginning up to the
relative pronoun will be written + the relative pronoun will be omitted+ the be verb will be omitted + the main verb +
ing + the rest.

যখি complex sentence এ relative pronoun থোলক, ত্খি simple sentence এই নিয়ম follow করলব:

প্রথম কথলক relative pronoun পযেন্ত ন খলত্ হলব + relative pronoun উলে যোলব + be verb উলে যোলব + the main verb + ing + বোনক অংশ ।

Example:

Complex: The doctor lived in a quarter that belonged to the hospital.

Simple: The doctor lived in a quarter belonging to the hospital.

Complex: A cow that is very strong can plow this land.

Simple: A cow being very strong can plow his land.

Complex: The students who study seriously can get good marks.

Simple: The students studying seriously can get good marks.

Rule 5
If the complex sentence has “when” which indicates estimate while transforming it into simple, when will be omitted +
subject and verb after when will be omitted + little time at/in+ season (if mentioned) + (if age is mentioned) at the age
of+ the rest.

যনি complex sentence এ “when” থোলক যো সমলয়র পনরমোপ কবোঝোয় ত্লব এলক simple করোর সময়, when উলে যোলব+ when এর পলরর subject ও
verb উলে যোলব + কেোট সময় at/in + season (যনি উলেখ থোলক) + age থোকল at the age of + বোনক অংশ।

Example:

Complex: When it was midnight, I was awakened by the sound of construction.

Simple: At midnight I was awakened by the sound of construction.

Complex: When it is summer, we can eat different kinds of mango.

Simple: In summer, we can eat different kinds of mango.

Complex: When he was six, he left the country.

Simple: At the age of six, he left the country.

22
But if the when doesn’t mean time rather it means that something is going on, then At the time of + Verb+ ing + the rest.

নকন্তু যনি when সময় িো বু নঝলয় ককোি নকেু ঘটলে ত্ো কবোঝোয় ত্লব, At the time of + Verb+ ing + বোনক অংশ, এই নিয়ম বেবহোর হলব ।

Example:

Complex: When it was raining, we were sitting in the coffee shop.

Simple: At the time of raining, we were sitting in the coffee shop.

When the personal subject is used in the subordinate clause, the simple sentence will use a possessive pronoun.

যখি subordinate clause এ personal subject বেবহৃত্ হয়, ত্খি simple sentence, possessive pronoun বেবহোর কলর ।

Example:

Complex: When they were studying, the teacher came.

Simple: At the time of their studying, the teacher came.

Complex: When I was having tea, she came.

Simple: At the time of my having tea, she came.

Rule 6
To transform negative conditional complex sentence having if, into a simple form, this rule is followed: Without+ Verb+
ing + 2nd clause.

Negative conditional complex sentence যোলত্ if থোলক, ত্ো simple করলত্ এই নিয়ম বেবহোর করো হয়: Without+ Verb+ ing + ২য় clause ।

Example:

Complex: If you do not struggle in life, you cannot achieve your goal.

Simple: Without struggling in life, you cannot achieve your goal.

Complex: If you do not study hard, you will not get good marks in the exam.

Simple: Without studying hard, you will not get good marks in the exam.

If the clause is affirmative then by is used replacing without.

যনি clause টি affirmative হয়, without এর পনরবলত্ে by বেবহৃত্ হয় ।

Example:

Complex: If you work hard, you will get promotion quickly.

Simple: By working hard, you will get promotion quickly.

23
Rule 7
If the complex sentence has “so that”, the simple sentence will follow this rule:

From beginning up to so will be written + from “so that “up to may/might/can/could will be eliminated + to + the rest of
the sentence.

যনি complex sentence এ “so that” থোলক ত্লব, simple sentence এই নিয়ম follow করলব: শুরু কথলক so পযেন্ত ন খলত্ হলব + “so that “কথলক
may/might/can/could পযেন্ত উলে যোলব + to + sentence এর বোনক অংশ ।

Example:

Complex: The student studied hard so that he could get good marks on the exam.

Simple: The student studied hard to get good marks on the exam.

Complex: The singer is trying hard so that she can get the national award.

Simple: The singer is trying hard to get the national award.

Rule 8
If the complex sentence has “so……that” form, the simple sentence will follow this rule: too will be used in the place of
so + the same thing will be placed up to that + from that up to not will be eliminated + to + the rest.

যনি complex sentence এ “so……that” form থোলক ত্লব, simple sentence এই নিয়ম follow করলব:

so এর জোয়গোয় too বসলব + that এর আলগ পযেন্ত একই নজনিস বসলব + that কথলক not পযেন্ত অংশ উলে যোলব + to + বোনক অংশ।

Example:

Complex: He is so sick that he cannot come.

Simple: He is too weak to come.

Rule 9
When the complex sentence has though/although, to transform it into simple form this rule will be followed: In spite of
will be used in the place of though /although + subject’s possessive form + being in the place of am/is/are/was/were or
having in the place of has/have/had or verb+ ing + the rest + the 2nd clause.

যখি complex sentence এ though/although থোলক, এলক simple form এ নিলত্ এই নিয়ম follow করলত্ হয়:

Though/although এর স্থোলি In spite of বেবহোর হলব + subject এর possessive form + am/is/are/was/were এর স্থোলি being অথবো
has/have/had এর স্থোলি having অথবো verb+ ing বেবহোর হলব + বোনক অংশ + ২য় clause ।

Example:
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Complex: Though she was sick, she worked very hard.

Simple: In spite of her being sick, she worked very hard.

Complex: Although he has a lot of books, he wants to buy more.

Simple: In spite of his having a lot of books, he wants to buy more.

Transformation: Complex to Compound – English Grammar

(ইংরেজি ব্যাকেণ)

Complex sentence কক Compound sentence এ রূপান্তজেত কোে জিয়ম িীরে ব্জণিত হর া ।

The Rules for transforming complex sentence to Compound sentence are discussed below.

A complex sentence is characterized by one independent clause and at least one dependent clause.

একটি Complex sentence এ একটি independent clause এবং কমপলে একটি dependent clause থোলক।

Such as, I will wait here until you come.

On the other hand, a compound sentence is characterized by at least two independent clauses which can be used as
separate sentences and are connected with coordinating conjunctions.

পেোন্তলর একটি compound sentence এ কমপলে দুটি independent clause থোলক যোরো পৃথক sentence নহলসলব বেবহৃত্ হলত্ পোলর এবং
coordinating conjunction নিলয় যুক্ত থোলক ।

Such as, Listening to music and singing songs are my hobbies.

Rule 1
If the complex sentence has “though”/”Although” in the beginning, the compound sentence will use the conjunction
“but”/”yet” to connect the different clauses.

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Complex sentence এর শুরুলত্ “though”/”Although” থোকল , compound sentence “but”/”yet” conjunction নিলয় পৃথক clause
গুল োলক যুক্ত কলর ।

Complex: Though he is poor, he is happy.

Compound: He is poor, but he is happy.

Complex: Although she is ill, she worked very hard.

Compound: She is ill, yet she worked very hard.

Complex: Though the class was lengthy, the class was enjoyable.

Compound: The class was lengthy, but it was enjoyable.

Rule 2
If the complex sentence has “lest” in the middle having “should” after the person, the compound sentence will use the
conjunction “or”/”otherwise” to connect the different clauses, and future tense will be used in the second clause.

Complex sentence এর মোলঝ যনি “lest” থোলক এবং person এর পলর “should” থোলক ত্লব compound sentence এ conjunction
“or”/”otherwise” বেবহোর কলর পৃথক clause গুল োলক যুক্ত করো হয় এবং নিত্ীয় clause এ future tense হয় । LETCWF

Complex: Study hard lest you should fail.

Compound: Study hard, or you will fail.

Complex: Practice hard lest you should be out of the cricket team.

Compound: Practice hard otherwise you will be out of the cricket team.

Rule 3
If the complex sentence has “As soon as” in the beginning, the compound sentence will use the conjunction “and” to
join the different clauses.

Complex sentence এর শুরুলত্ “As soon as” থোকল , compound sentence “and” conjunction নিলয় পৃথক clause গুল োলক যুক্ত কলর ।

Complex: As soon as the rain stopped, we started the journey.

Compound: The rain stopped, and we started the journey.

Complex: As soon as the crowd saw the hero, they started shouting.

Compound: The crowd saw the hero and started shouting.

Rule 4
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If the complex sentence has “since”/”as”/”when” in the beginning, the compound sentence will use
“and”/”so”/”hence”/”therefore” to connect the different clauses.

Complex sentence এর শুরুলত্ “since”/”as”/”when” থোকল , compound sentence “and”/”so”/”hence”/”therefore” নিলয় পৃ থক

clause গুল োলক যুক্ত কলর । LETCWF

Complex: Since the weather was bad, the match did not take place.

Compound: The weather was bad, and the match did not take place.

Complex: As she was ill, she did not come.

Compound: She was ill, so she did not come.

Complex: When it is evening, the sun has set to the west.

Compound: The sun has set to the west, and therefore it is evening.

Rule 5
If the complex sentence has relative pronoun “who”, the compound sentence will use “and” in that place and object of
the first clause will be the subject of the second clause.

Complex sentence এ relative pronoun “who” থোকল , compound sentence কস স্থোলি “and” বেবহোর কলর এবং প্রথম clause এর object
নিত্ীয় clause এর subject হলয় যোয় ।

Complex: I saw a girl who was singing.

Compound: I saw a girl, and she was singing.

Complex: I have a friend who is a writer.

Compound: I have a friend, and she is a writer.

Rule 6
If the complex sentence starts with “if” having first or third person after it and it bears a negative meaning while
transforming it to compound this structure will be followed, “Let+ object form of pronoun+ affirmative form of
subordinate clause+ or/otherwise+ main clause”.

Complex sentence এর শুরুলত্ “if” ও এর পলর first or third person থোকল এবং ত্ো যনি negative অথে প্রকোশ কলর ত্লব compound করোর সময়
এই structure follow করো হয় “Let+ pronoun এর object form + subordinate clause এর affirmative form + or/otherwise + main
clause” । LETCWF

Complex: If I do not go there I will be unable to learn it.

Compound: let me go there or/otherwise I will be unable to learn it.

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Complex: if I do not study hard I will be unable to get good marks.

Compound: Let me study hard or/otherwise I will be unable to get good marks.

Rule 7

If the complex sentence starts with “if” having first or third person after it and it is in affirmative form while
transforming it to compound this structure will be followed, “Let+ object form of pronoun+ “and” between two clauses+
main clause”.

Complex sentence এর শুরুলত্ “if” ও এর পলর first or third person থোকল এবং ত্ো যনি affirmative form এ থোলক ত্লব compound করোর
সময় এই structure follow করো হয়, “Let+ pronoun এর object form + দুই clauses এর মোলঝ “and” + main clause” ।

Complex: If I go there, I will be able to learn it.

Compound: let me go there, and I will be able to learn it.

Complex: if I study hard, I will be able to get good marks.

Compound: Let me study hard, and I will be able to get good marks.

Rule 8
When the complex sentence starts with “if” having the second person after it and expressing a negative meaning, the
compound sentence will omit “If you do not” and use an affirmative form of verb+ or/otherwise + the main clause.

Complex sentence এর শুরুলত্ “if” ও এর পলর second person থোকল এবং ত্ো যনি negative অথে প্রকোশ কলর ত্লব compound করোর সময় “If
you do not” উলে নগলয় verb এর affirmative form + or/otherwise + main clause হয় ।

Complex: If you do not study hard, you will fail.

Compound: Study hard, or you will fail.

Complex: If you do not practice more, you cannot become a good singer.

Compound: Practice more, or you cannot become a good singer.

Rule 9
When the complex sentence starts with “if” having the second person after it and it’s in affirmative form, the compound
sentence will omit “If you do not” and use an affirmative form of verb+ and + main clause.

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Complex sentence এর শুরুলত্ “if” ও এর পলর second person থোকল এবং ত্ো যনি affirmative form এ থোলক ত্লব compound করোর সময় “If
you do not” উলে নগলয় verb এর affirmative form + and + main clause হয় ।

Complex: If you study hard, you will get good marks.

Compound: Study hard, and you will get good marks.

Complex: If you read more, your writing capability will increase.

Compound: Read more, and your writing capability will increase.

Rule 10
If the complex sentence has “so…that” form, the compound sentence will follow this Rule, “very “ in place of “so”; ”and”
in place of “that” +so/hence/therefore+ main clause.

Complex sentence যনি “so…that” form এ থোলক ত্লব compound sentence এই নিয়ম follow করলব, “so” এর স্থোলি “very “; “that” এর স্থোলি
”and” +so/hence/therefore + main clause ।

Complex: I am so tired that I cannot work.

Compound: I am very tired, and so/hence/therefore I cannot work.

Complex: The place is so crowded that I cannot find a place to stand.

Compound: The place is very crowded, and so/hence/therefore I cannot find a place to stand.

Rule 11
If the complex sentence starts with “Unless” following second person(you), the compound sentence will follow this
structure, “Unless and you will be omitted + ”or” between two clauses+ main clause.” LETCWF

Complex sentence এর শুরুলত্ “Unless” ও এর পলর second person (you) থোকল , compound sentence এই structure follow করলব,
“Unless ও you উলে যোলব + দুই clause এর মোলঝ ”or” + main clause ।

Complex: Unless you say prayers, you cannot advise anyone to say prayers.

Compound: Say prayers, or you cannot advise anyone to say prayers.

Complex: Unless you practice hard, you cannot become a good singer.

Compound: Practice hard, or you cannot become a good singer.

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