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MBA-5 - Permutation and Combination

The document discusses sets, permutations, combinations and their applications. It provides examples and solutions to problems involving sets, permutations and combinations. Formulas for permutations and combinations are defined. Different ways of forming committees or teams from a group of people are also calculated.

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26 views

MBA-5 - Permutation and Combination

The document discusses sets, permutations, combinations and their applications. It provides examples and solutions to problems involving sets, permutations and combinations. Formulas for permutations and combinations are defined. Different ways of forming committees or teams from a group of people are also calculated.

Uploaded by

rafiiiiid
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 24

Welcome to the presentation

On
Sets, Permutations, and Combinations
Linear Programming Problem

Presented by :
Dr. Mohammed Nasir Uddin
Professor
Dept. Of ICT
Faculty of Science and Technology(FST)
Bangladesh University of Professionals (BUP)
12 February 2024 MNU, Prof., Dept. of ICT, BUP. 1
Contents

Introduction
Sets
Permutations
Combinations

Applications

12 February 2024 MNU, Prof., Dept. of ICT, BUP. 2


SETS

Sets are represented as a collection of well-defined


objects or elements. A set is represented by a capital
letter and enclosed by{}. The number of elements in the
finite set is known as the cardinal number of a set.

5. n(AB)=n(A) +n(B)- n(AB)


12 February 2024 MNU, Prof., Dept. of ICT, BUP. 3
Out of 1300 students of BUP, 500 played cricket, 350
played football, and 512 played table tennis; of the total
90 played both cricket and football, 152 played football
and table tennis, 90 played cricket and table tennis, and
60 played all the three games.
(i) How many students did not play any game?
(ii) How many students played only one game?

12 February 2024 MNU, Prof., Dept. of ICT, BUP. 4


Solution:
Given,
There are 1300 students.
500 played cricket

350 played football

512 played table tennis

90 played both cricket and football

152 played football and table tennis

90 played cricket and table tennis

6012 February
played 2024
all the 3 games
MNU, Prof., Dept. of ICT, BUP. 5
Find the number of students that played exactly two
games:
Played exactly 2 games = played at least 2 games - played 3
games
Played only cricket and football = 90 – 60=30
Played only football and table tennis = 152 – 60=92
Played only cricket and table tennis = 90 – 60=30
Find the number of students that played exactly one
games:
Played exactly 1 games = played the game - played
exactly 2 games - played 3 games
Played only cricket = 500 - 30 - 30 – 60=380
Played only football = 350 - 30 - 92 – 60= 168
Played only table tennis
12 February 2024 = 512
MNU, Prof., 92 - 90 – 60=270
- BUP.
Dept. of ICT, 6
Find the number of students that did not play any game:
Number of students that played at least 1 game = 380 + 168
+ 270 + 60 + 30 + 92 + 30 = 1050
Number of students that do not play any game =1300 – 1050
= 250

Find the number of students that played only 1 game:


Played only 1 game = 380 + 168 + 270 = 718

12 February 2024 MNU, Prof., Dept. of ICT, BUP. 7


In a class of 35 students, 20 students have taken
Economics; 12 have taken Economics but not Business
Mathematics. Find the number of students who have
taken Economics and Business Mathematics and also
find those who have taken Business Mathematics but not
Economics.
Solution:
Let E and M denotes the set of Economics and Business
Mathematics.
Given that
n(EM)=35
n(E) = 20
n(E  M/) = 12
n(E  M) = ?
n(E /  M)
12 February 2024 =? MNU, Prof., Dept. of ICT, BUP. 8
We know that
n(E)= n(E  M) + n(E  M/)
or, 20= n(E  M) + 12
or, n(E  M) = 8 (Ans)
Now,
n(EM) = n(E)+ n(M)- n(E  M)
Or, 35 = 20+n(M)-8
Or, n(M)=23
Again,
n(M)= n(E  M) + n(E/  M)
Or, 23=8+ n(E/  M)
n(E/  M) = 15 (Ans)

12 February 2024 MNU, Prof., Dept. of ICT, BUP. 9


n(E  M)=35

E(20) M(35-20+8=23)

n(E  M/) n(E  M) n(M  E/)


= 12 =8
= 23-8=15

12 February 2024 MNU, Prof., Dept. of ICT, BUP. 10


In a survey of the population of 450 people, it
is found that 205 can speak English, 210 can
speak Hindi. If 100 people can speak both
Hindi and English, using a Venn diagram find
the number of people who can speak
(a) English or Hindi
(b)English but nor Hindi
(c)Hindi but nor English
(d)Neither Hindi or English

12 February 2024 MNU, Prof., Dept. of ICT, BUP. 11


Given, N=450
N=450,
n(E)=210,
n(H)=205, n(E)=210 n(H)=205
n(H∩E)=100

n(E  n(E
H/) H/)=110 n(E
n(H H)
 n(H
E/) E/)=105
= 110 = 100
= 105

(d) n(HE)/ = 450-315=135

(a) n(HE) = n(E)+ n(H)- n(E  H)


12 February 2024 n(HE)
MNU, Prof., Dept. =210+205-100
of ICT, BUP. = 315 12
Permutation and Combination

12 February 2024 MNU, Prof., Dept. of ICT, BUP. 13


Permutation refers to different arrangements for things
from a given lot, taken one or more at a time.

Combination refers to different sets or groups made out


of a given lot, without repeating an element, taking one or
more of them at a time.

12 February 2024 MNU, Prof., Dept. of ICT, BUP. 14


Difference of combinations and permutations made out of a set of
three elements (a, b, c).

Combination Permutation
(i) one at a time (a), {b}, {c} (a), {b}, {c}

(ii) two at a time {a, b} (b, c) (a, c) {a, b} (b, a) {b, c}


{c, b) {a, c) {c, a}

(iii) three at a time (a, b, c} {a, b, c} (a, c, b}


(b, c, a) {b, a, c}
{c, a, b} (c, b, a).
However, no element appears twice in any set, e.g., {a, a}, {b, b},
{c, c ), {a, b, b}, {c, c, c} etc.

12 February 2024 MNU, Prof., Dept. of ICT, BUP. 15


KR AMP'S FACTORIAL NOTATION

The product of the first n natural numbers, viz.. 1, 2, 3, . , n,


is called factorial n or n factorial and is written as n!
n! = n (n-1) (n-2) … … 3.2.1

5!= 5.4.3.2.1=120
0!=1

PERMUTATIONS OF n DIFFERENT THINGS:


Permutations of n different things taken r at a time, where
r <n are n (n-1) (n-2) … (n-r+1)

Formula:
12 February 2024
nPr =n!/(n-r)!
MNU, Prof., Dept. of ICT, BUP. 16
COMBINATIONS OF n DIFFERENT THINGS:
The number of combinations of ‘n’ different things
taken ‘r’ at a time are given by
n!
n
Cr = , where r  n
r!(n − r )!

12 February 2024 MNU, Prof., Dept. of ICT, BUP. 17


From a committee of 12 people: (i) In how many ways
can we choose a chairperson, a vice-chairperson, a
secretary, and a treasurer, assuming that one person
cannot hold more than one position? (ii) In how many
ways can we choose a subcommittee of 4 people?

Solution:
There are 12 people who can be president. (12C1 ways=12 ways)
For each of those choices, there are 11 VP candidates. (11C1=11ways)
That’s 11 twelve times, or, 12 *11= 132.
For each of those132 possibilities, there are 10 Secretary options
(10C1=10 ways), so 1320*10=1320.
Now there are 9 people (9C1 =9 ways) remaining who might be
selected as Treasurer. That’s 1320*9=11,880 combinations.
12 February 2024 MNU, Prof., Dept. of ICT, BUP. 18
From a committee of 12 people: (i) In how many ways
can we choose a chairperson, a vice-chairperson, a
secretary, and a treasurer, assuming that one person
cannot hold more than one position? (ii) In how many
ways can we choose a subcommittee of 4 people?

Alter Solution:
Here, n=12 and r= 4
We know, if n is different things and r taken at a time then
nPr = P(n,r) = n!/(n-r)!
So, P(12,4) = 12!/ (12-4)! = 11880

12 February 2024 MNU, Prof., Dept. of ICT, BUP. 19


12 February 2024 MNU, Prof., Dept. of ICT, BUP. 20
A cricket team of 11 players is to be formed from
16 players including 4 bowlers and 2
wicketkeepers. In how many different ways can a
team be formed so that the team contains
(i) Exactly (at best) 3 bowlers and 1 (at least)
wicketkeeper?
(ii) at least (best) 3 bowlers and at least (best)
1wicket keeper?
12 February 2024 MNU, Prof., Dept. of ICT, BUP. 21
Solution (Alter):

Cases Bowlers Wicketkeepers Total Total number of


(4) (2) (16) ways
a. 3 1 7 4C12C110C7
b. 3 1 7 4C12C110C7
3 2 6 4C32C210C6
4 1 6 4C12C110C6
4 2 5 4C42C210C5

12 February 2024 MNU, Prof., Dept. of ICT, BUP. 22


Serial numbers for a product are to be made using 2
letters followed by 2 digits with no repeats. If the letters
are to be taken from the first 9 letters of the alphabet
and the numbers are to be taken from the 10 digits. How
many serial numbers are possible?
Solution:
The form of each serial number is XXnn
For XX you have 9P2 = (9*8) = 72 possibilities
For nn there are 10P2 = (10*9) = 90 possibilities
Since the alpha and numeric portions are independent, we
need to multiply the above two numbers:
70*90 =6300 total possible serial numbers

12 February 2024 MNU, Prof., Dept. of ICT, BUP. 23


Home Work

Book: Business Mathematics (V. K. Kapoor)

Example: Follow Sheet + Books

12 February 2024 MNU, Prof., Dept. of ICT, BUP. 24

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