Network Programming

Sockets Programming

Lecture (1)

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 Sockets

 Socket: is a device or point

host or host or
server server
in a wall where you can
connect electrical controlled by
app developer
equipment to the power process process

supply socket socket

 A hollow part or piece for TCP with

Internet
TCP with

receiving and
buffers, buffers,
variables variables
holding/transmitting some
part or thing. controlled
by OS

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 Sockets

 Socket in Networking:
host or host or
server server
process sends/receives
messages to/from its controlled by
app developer
socket process process

 socket analogous to door socket socket

 sending process shoves TCP with

Internet
TCP with
buffers,
message out door buffers,
variables variables
 sending process relies on
transport infrastructure controlled
on other side of door which by OS
brings message to socket
at receiving process

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Socket programming
Goal: learn how to build client/server application that
communicate using sockets

socket a host-local,
application-created,
OS-controlled interface (a “door”) into
which
application process can both send and
receive messages to/from another
application process

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 Socket programming
API: application programming interface (API) is a set of standard
function calls that can be used in an application. They allow
programmers to add Internet communication to their products. A
client/server architecture is mandatory for BSD sockets

Socket API
 introduced in BSD4.1 UNIX, Socket API
1981
 explicitly created, used, is a collection of socket calls that
released by apps enable you to perform the
following primary communication
 client/server paradigm
functions between application
 two types of transport programs: Set up and establish
service via socket API: connections to other users on the
 unreliable datagram network. Send and receive data to
 reliable, byte stream- and from other users. Close down
oriented connections
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 Socket programming
reliable, byte stream-oriented : The reliable byte stream is a
common service paradigm in computer networking; it refers to a
byte stream in which the bytes which emerge from the
communication channel at the recipient are exactly the same, and
in the same order, as they were when the sender inserted them
into the channel

unreliable datagram
A dedicated connection is established between the source and
destination end nodes, and message transfer is carried out without
a transmission guarantee. Errors (including sequence errors) are
detected and logged and are not informed back to the source end
node.

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Socket-programming using TCP
Socket: a door between application process and end-
end-transport protocol (UDP or TCP)
TCP service: reliable transfer of bytes from one
process to another

controlled by
controlled by process application
application process
developer
developer socket socket
TCP with TCP with controlled by
controlled by
buffers, operating
operating buffers, internet system
system variables variables

host or host or
server server

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Socket-programming

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Socket programming with TCP
1-Client must contact server  4- When contacted by
 server process must first client, server TCP creates
be running new socket for server
 server must have created process to communicate with
socket (door) that client
welcomes client’s contact  allows server to talk with
multiple clients
2-Client contacts server by:
 source port numbers
 creating client-local TCP
used to distinguish
socket
clients
 specifying IP address, port TCP application viewpoint
number of server process
TCP provides reliable, in-order
 3- When client creates
transfer of bytes (“pipe”)
socket: client TCP
between client and server
establishes connection to
server TCP
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 Sockets Types
 your applications still can use the built-in socket
interfaces. The Network Component has
integrated:
 The BSD Socket (Berkeley Software Distribution
or Berkeley Standard Distribution - (BSD) is a
discontinued operating system based on Research
Unix) API enables BSD compliant communication
over TCP/IP.
 TCP Sockets support reliable IP communication
using the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP).
 UDP Sockets provide simple IP communication
using the User Datagram Protocol (UDP). 10
Stream jargon
 A stream is a sequence of
characters that flow into
or out of a process.
 An input stream is
attached to some input
source for the process,
e.g., keyboard or socket.
 An output stream is
attached to an output
source, e.g., monitor or
socket.

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Socket programming with TCP
keyboard monitor
Example client-server app:
1) client reads line from
standard input (inFromUser

inFromUser
input
stream
stream) , sends to server via Client
socket (outToServer Process
process
stream)
2) server reads line from socket
3) server converts line to
uppercase, sends back to

inFromServer
outToServer
client
output input
stream stream

4) client reads, prints modified

line from socket client TCP
clientSocket

(inFromServer stream) socket TCP

socket

to network from network

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Client/server socket interaction: TCP
Server (running on hostid) Client
create socket,
port=x, for
incoming request:
welcomeSocket =
ServerSocket()

TCP create socket,

wait for incoming
connection request connection setup connect to hostid, port=x
connectionSocket = clientSocket =
welcomeSocket.accept() Socket()

send request using

read request from clientSocket
connectionSocket

write reply to
connectionSocket read reply from
clientSocket
close
connectionSocket close
clientSocket
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BSD Socket
 client/server architecture is mandatory for BSD
sockets. Using TCP, a host listens for incoming
connection requests. Upon accepting an incoming
request, data can be transferred between the
hosts. UDP can also be used to establish a
connection.

 As you can see, BSD sockets is not a stand-alone

socket solution, but it is an API that relies on
other socket communication for huge data
exchange. Thus, you always need to add TCP and
UDP to your project if you wish to use BSD
sockets. 14
communication flow using BSD
sockets with TCP

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