New Directions in Biocultural Anthropology

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New Directions

Anthropology
in Biocultural

Molly K. Zuckerman

University of Nevada, Las Vegas, USA

Debra L. Martin
Mississippi State University, USA

Department of Anthropology,
and Middle Eastern Cultures,
Department of Anthropology
EDITED BY

and
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Alan Swedlund, Tom Leatherman, and Kristin Harper.

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1 2016

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
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Contents

Contributors, xv
Acknowledgements, xix

A biocultural tribute to a biocultural scholar: Professor George

J. Armelagos, May 22, 1936–May 15, 2014, 1
Debra L. Martin & Molly K. Zuckerman
References, 6

1 Introduction: the development of biocultural perspectives in

anthropology, 7
Molly K. Zuckerman & Debra L. Martin
Introduction, 7
The origins and development of the biocultural approach, 8
Using a biocultural model, 12
Difficulties in using the biocultural approach, 15
The case studies in this volume, 15
Conclusion, 24
References, 24
Notes, 26

Part I: Critical and synthetic approaches to biocultural

anthropology

2 Exploring biocultural concepts: anthropology for the next generation, 29

R. Brooke Thomas
Introduction, 29
Background, 29
Case study: the Quechua of southern Peru, 1964 to the present, 31
Discussion, 41
Conclusion, 42
References, 44
Notes, 47
Endnotes, 47

3 Local nutrition in global contexts: critical biocultural perspectives on

the nutrition transition in Mexico, 49
Thomas L. Leatherman, Morgan K. Hoke & Alan H. Goodman
Introduction, 49

v
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vi Contents

Background, 49
Case study: the “coca-colonization” of diet in the Yucatán, 54
Conclusion, 61
References, 62
Notes, 65

Part II: Biocultural approaches to identity

4 Disease and dying while black: how racism, not race, gets under the skin, 69
Alan H. Goodman
Introduction, 69
Background, 72
Case study: race versus racism, 81
Discussion and conclusion, 85
References, 86

5 Beyond genetic race: biocultural insights into the causes of racial

health disparities, 89
Christopher W. Kuzawa & Clarence C. Gravlee
Introduction, 89
Background, 90
Case study #1: hypertension in the African Diaspora, 99
Case study #2: does the experience of racial discrimination in the
United States have intergenerational health consequences?, 101
Discussion and conclusion, 101
References, 102

6 Political economy of African forced migration and enslavement in

colonial New York: an historical biology perspective, 107
Michael L. Blakey & Lesley M. Rankin-Hill
Introduction, 107
Background, 108
Case study, 109
Discussion, 125
Conclusion, 127
References, 129
Notes, 131

7 Identifying the First African Baptist Church: searching for historically

invisible people, 133
Lesley M. Rankin-Hill
Introduction, 133
Case study: Afro-American biohistory, 134
Conclusion, 152
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Contents vii

References, 153
Notes, 155

Part III: Biocultural approaches to health and diet

8 "Canaries in the mineshaft": the children of Kulubnarti, 159

Paul A. Sandberg & Dennis P. Van Gerven
Introduction, 159
Case study: Nubia and Kulubnarti, 160
Conclusion, 176
Acknowledgments, 176
References, 176

9 Biocultural investigations of ancient Nubia, 181

Brenda J. Baker
Introduction, 181
Background, 183
Case study: operationalizing a biocultural investigation: the
Bioarchaeology of Nubia Expedition, 191
Conclusion, 194
Acknowledgments, 194
References, 194

10 Life and death in nineteenth-century Peoria, Illinois: taking a

biocultural approach towards understanding the past, 201
Anne L. Grauer, Laura A. Williams & M. Catherine Bird
Introduction, 201
Case study: life and death in nineteenth-century Peoria, 203
Discussion, 210
Conclusion, 212
Acknowledgments, 213
References, 213

11 Does industrialization always result in reduced skeletal robusticity?, 219

Ann L. Magennis & Joshua G.S. Clementz
Introduction, 219
Background, 220
Case study: testing ideas about robusticity and industrialization, 225
Discussion, 232
Conclusion, 235
Acknowledgments, 236
References, 237
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viii Contents

12 Stable isotopes and selective forces: examples in biocultural and

environmental anthropology, 241
Christine D. White & Fred J. Longstaffe
Introduction, 241
Background, 244
Case study: isotopes and epidemiological risk factors/synergies at Wadi
Halfa and surrounding regions, 247
Discussion and conclusion, 252
Acknowledgments, 253
References, 254

13 The cuisine of prehispanic Central Mexico reconsidered: the

"omnivore’s dilemma" revisited, 259
Randolph J. Widmer & Rebecca Storey
Introduction, 259
Case study: prehispanic cuisine of Central Mexico, 263
Conclusion, 272
Acknowledgments, 273
References, 274

Part IV: Biocultural approaches to infectious disease

14 The specter of Ebola: epidemiologic transitions versus the zombie

apocalypse, 279
Ronald Barrett
Introduction, 279
Case study: Ebola and the epidemiologic transitions, 282
Discussion and conclusion, 290
References, 291
Notes, 293

15 Beyond the differential diagnosis: new approaches to the

bioarchaeology of the Hittite plague, 295
Nicole E. Smith-Guzmán, Jerome C. Rose & Kathleen Kuckens
Introduction, 295
Case study: investigating the cause of the Hittite plague, 297
Discussion and conclusion, 313
Acknowledgments, 313
References, 313

16 Paleoepidemiological and biocultural approaches to ancient disease:

the origin and antiquity of syphilis, 317
Molly K. Zuckerman & Kristin N. Harper
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Contents ix

Introduction, 317
Background, 319
Case study: biocultural and paleoepidemiological approaches to the
origin and antiquity of syphilis, 324
Discussion, 328
Conclusion, 330
References, 331
Notes, 335

Part V: Biocultural approaches to understanding

population dynamics

17 Population and disease transitions in the Åland Islands, Finland, 339

James H. Mielke
Introduction, 339
Background, 340
Case study: Åland archipelago, 346
Discussion, 352
Conclusion, 357
Acknowledgments, 358
References, 358

18 The hygiene hypothesis and the second epidemiologic transition:

using biocultural, epidemiological, and evolutionary theory to inform
practice in clinical medicine and public health, 363
Molly K. Zuckerman, Jonathan R. Belanich & George J. Armelagos
Introduction, 363
Background, 366
Case study: applying the hygiene hypothesis to practice in public
health and clinical medicine, 373
Discussion and conclusion, 377
References, 379

19 An emerging history of indigenous Caribbean and circum-Caribbean

populations: insights from archaeological, ethnographic, genetic, and
historical studies, 385
Theodore G. Schurr, Jada Benn Torres, Miguel G. Vilar, Jill B. Gaieski &
Carlalynne Melendez
Introduction, 385
Case study: exploring Caribbean genetic history, 387
Discussion, 394
Conclusion, 395
Acknowledgments, 396
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x Contents

References, 397
Notes, 402

20 Explorations in paleodemography: an overview of the Artificial Long

House Valley agent-based modeling project, 403
Alan C. Swedlund, Lisa Sattenspiel, Amy Warren, Richard S. Meindl & George
J. Gumerman III
Introduction, 403
Background, 407
Case study: the Artificial Long House Valley (ALHV) Project models, 408
Discussion, 419
Conclusion, 422
Acknowledgments, 424
References, 424

Part VI: Biocultural approaches to inequality and violence

21 Biocultural perspectives in bioarchaeology, 429

Bethany L. Turner & Haagen D. Klaus
Introduction, 429
Background, 430
Case study: understanding European contact in the Americas, 437
Conclusion, 446
Acknowledgments, 446
References, 447
Notes, 451

22 The poetics of violence in bioarchaeology: Integrating social theory

with trauma analysis, 453
Ventura R. Pérez
Introduction, 453
Background, 454
Case study: the Sierra de Mazatán massacre, 458
Conclusion, 465
Acknowledgments, 467
References, 467

23 Broken bodies and broken bones: Biocultural approaches to ancient

slavery and torture, 471
Debra L. Martin & Anna J. Osterholtz
Introduction, 471
Background, 474
Case study: slavery and torture in the prehispanic Southwest, 475
Discussion, 486
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Contents xi

Conclusion, 487
References, 488
Notes, 490

Part VII: The next generation

24 Concluding thoughts: a bright future for students trained in using a

biocultural perspective, 493
Debra L. Martin & Molly K. Zuckerman
Introduction, 493
Teaching, pedagogy, and ethics, 494
The past as a guide, 496
A bright future for biocultural scholarship, 496
References, 498
Notes, 498

Index, 499
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This volume is dedicated to the memory of George Armelagos, friend, mentor, teacher,
scholar, intellectual, and jokester.
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Contributors

George J. Armelagos (deceased) Michael L. Blakey

Formerly Department of Anthropology Department of Anthropology
Emory University Institute for Historical Biology;
Atlanta College of William and Mary
USA Williamsburg
USA
Brenda J. Baker
Center for Bioarchaeological Research Joshua G.S. Clementz
School of Human Evolution and Social Department of Anthropology
Change Colorado State University
Arizona State University Fort Collins
Tempe USA
USA
Jill B. Gaieski
Ronald Barrett Department of Anthropology
Department of Anthropology University of Pennsylvania
Macalester College Philadelphia
Carnegie Hall USA
St Paul
Alan H. Goodman
USA
School of Natural Science
Hampshire College
Jonathan R. Belanich
Amherst
Department of Anthropology and Middle
USA
Eastern Cultures and
Department of Biological Sciences
George J. Gumerman III
Mississippi State University
Santa Fe Institute
Mississippi State
Santa Fe
USA
USA

Jada Benn Torres Anne L. Grauer

Department of Anthropology Department of Anthropology
University of Notre Dame Loyola University Chicago
Notre Dame Chicago
USA USA

M. Catherine Bird Clarence C. Gravlee

Midwest Archaeological Research Department of Anthropology
Services, Inc. University of Florida
Marengo Gainesville
USA USA

xv
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xvi Contributors

Kristin N. Harper Debra L. Martin

Harper Health & Science Department of Anthropology
Communications, LLC University of Nevada
Seattle Las Vegas
USA USA

Morgan Hoke Richard S. Meindl

Department of Anthropology Department of Anthropology
Northwestern University Kent State University
Evanston Kent
USA USA

Haagen D. Klaus Carlalynne Melendez

Department of Sociology and Department of Social Science
Anthropology University of Puerto Rico
George Mason University Humacao
Fairfax Puerto Rico
USA
James H. Mielke
Kathleen Kuckens Department of Anthropology
Department of Anthropology University of Kansas
University of Arkansas Lawrence
Fayetteville USA
USA
Anna J. Osterholtz
Christopher W. Kuzawa Department of Anthropology and Middle
Department of Anthropology Eastern Cultures
Northwestern University Mississippi State University
Evanston Mississippi State
USA USA

Thomas Leatherman Ventura R. Pérez

Department of Anthropology Department of Anthropology
University of Massachusetts University of Massachusetts
Amherst Amherst
USA USA

Fred J. Longstaffe Lesley M. Rankin-Hill

Department of Earth Sciences Department of Anthropology
University of Western Ontario University of Oklahoma
London Norman
Canada USA

Ann L. Magennis Jerome C. Rose

Department of Anthropology Department of Anthropology
Colorado State University University of Arkansas
Fort Collins Fayetteville
USA USA
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Contributors xvii

Paul A. Sandberg Dennis P. Van Gerven

Department of Anthropology Department of Anthropology
University of Colorado University of Colorado
Boulder Boulder
USA USA

Lisa Sattenspiel Miguel G. Vilar

Department of Anthropology Department of Anthropology
University of Missouri University of Pennsylvania
Columbia Philadelphia
USA USA

Theodore G. Schurr Amy Warren

Department of Anthropology Department of Anthropology
University of Pennsylvania University of Missouri
Philadelphia Columbia
USA USA

Nicole E. Smith-Guzmán Christine D. White

Center for Tropical Paleoecology and Department of Anthropology
Archeology University of Western Ontario
Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute London
Balboa Canada
Republic of Panamá
Randolph J. Widmer
Rebecca Storey Comparative Cultural Studies
Comparative Cultural Studies University of Houston
University of Houston Houston
Houston USA
USA
Laura A. Williams
Alan C. Swedlund West Virginia School of Osteopathic
Department of Anthropology Medicine
University of Massachusetts River Forest
Amherst USA
USA
Molly K. Zuckerman
R. Brooke Thomas Department of Anthropology and Middle
Department of Anthropology Eastern Cultures
University of Massachusetts Mississippi State University
Amherst Mississippi State
USA USA

Bethany L. Turner
Department of Anthropology
Georgia State University
Atlanta
USA
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Acknowledgments

This book was a labor of love. Each author or set of authors for the chapters were
clearly moved to write something that would immortalize some aspect of their
history with George Armelagos. For this we are extremely grateful. We would
like to express a special note of gratitude to Karen Rosenberg, former President
of the American Association of Physical Anthropology, who suggested that we
organize a poster session in Knoxville, TN, in 2013. It was her idea that we
have the session in a large room with all of the posters surrounded by food with
plenty of places to sit and talk with each other and with George. We also want to
thank George’s former colleagues in the Department of Anthropology at Emory
University, especially Peter Brown and Peter Little, and the University of
Massachusetts at Amherst, especially Tom Leatherman, as well as faculty in
the Department of Anthropology at the University of Nevada at Las Vegas and
the Department of Anthropology and Middle Eastern Cultures at Mississippi
State University for their gracious support of the event. Our editor, Mindy
Okura-Marszycki, and the editorial and productions team at Wiley-Blackwell
have been wonderfully helpful and patient with us as this book took shape.
Finally, we want to thank those colleagues of George who loved and appreci-
ated having him in their departments at the University of Massachusetts, the
University of Colorado at Boulder, the University of Florida at Gainesville, and
at Emory University.

xix