MISAMIS UNIVERSITY Prepared by: GENELYN R.

BALUYOS, EdD Document Code: Module

Ozamiz City Faculty CED-MOD-STRAT02 Reference No.
Office of the Vice President Checked by: ARIEL R. CLARIN, PhD Revision Date: Units:
for Academic Affairs Program Chairman 3.0
Reviewed by: PERLITO D. JOMUAD, EdD Revision No.: Subject Code:
COLLEGE OF EDUCATION
Dean 0 STRAT02
LEARNING MODULE Approved by: ARIEL R. CLARIN, PhD Prerequisite: Co-requisite:
VPAA/Director for Instruction None None
Descriptive Title: Teaching Science in Elementary Grades (Biology and Chemistry)

Module 2.0

Identifying and Describing the Structure and Functions of Human Organs

and Systems of the Body

I. Course Outcome : CO2. Discuss how organisms live and survive, reproduce, and
interact with the environment.
II. Learning Outcome/s : LO2.1: Identify and describe the structure and functions of
human organs and systems in the body.
III. Time Frame : 3 hrs
IV. Introduction :
In this session, you will identify and describe the structure and functions of human organs
and systems in the body. Specifically, you will describe the human sense organs and organs
systems in the body, explain how different human organ system work together, identify the
causes and treatment of diseases of the major organs and practiced habits to maintain a healthy
body, and suggest healthful habits that promote proper functioning of the different organ
systems.

Below are key concepts for reading. Details of these concepts are discussed further in the
hand-outs attached herein.
Human Organs
An organ is a collection of tissues joined in a structural unit to serve a common function. Organs
exist in most multicellular organisms, including not only humans and other animals but also
plants. In single-celled organisms such as bacteria, the functional equivalent of an organ is an
organelle.
Tissues in Organs
Although organs consist of multiple tissue types, many organs are composed of the main tissue
that is associated with the organ’s major function and other tissues that play supporting roles.
The main tissue may be unique to that specific organ. For example, the main tissue of the heart
is cardiac muscle, which performs the heart’s major function of pumping blood and is found
only in the heart. The heart also includes nervous and connective tissues that are required for it
to perform its major function. For example, nervous tissues control the beating of the heart, and
connective tissues make up heart valves that keep blood flowing in just one direction through the
heart.
 MISAMIS UNIVERSITY Prepared by: GENELYN R. BALUYOS, EdD Document Code: Module
Ozamiz City Faculty CED-MOD-STRAT02 Reference No.
Office of the Vice President Checked by: ARIEL R. CLARIN, PhD Revision Date: Units:
for Academic Affairs Program Chairman 3.0
Reviewed by: PERLITO D. JOMUAD, EdD Revision No.: Subject Code:
COLLEGE OF EDUCATION
Dean 0 STRAT02
LEARNING MODULE Approved by: ARIEL R. CLARIN, PhD Prerequisite: Co-requisite:
VPAA/Director for Instruction None None
Descriptive Title: Teaching Science in Elementary Grades (Biology and Chemistry)

Vital Organs
The human body contains five organs that are considered vital for survival. They are the heart,
brain, kidneys, liver, and lungs. The locations of these five organs and several other internal
organs are shown in the figure below. If any of the five vital organs stops functioning, the death
of the organism is imminent without medical intervention.
1. The heart is located in the center of the chest, and its function is to keep blood flowing
through the body. Blood carries substances to cells that they need and also carries away
wastes from cells.
2. The brain is located in the head and functions as the body’s control center. It is the seat of
all thoughts, memories, perceptions, and feelings.
3. The two kidneys are located in the back of the abdomen on either side of the body. Their
function is to filter blood and form urine, which is excreted from the body.
4. The liver is located on the right side of the abdomen. It has many functions, including
filtering blood, secreting bile that is needed for digestion, and producing proteins
necessary for blood clotting.
5. The two lungs are located on either side of the upper chest. Their main function is
exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide with the blood.
Figure 10.4.210.4.2: Use this shadow diagram of human anatomy to locate the five organs
described above: heart, brain, kidneys, liver, and lungs. Do you know the functions of any of the
other organs in the diagram? (Public domain; Mikael Häggström via wikimedia.org)

Human Organ Systems

Functionally related organs often cooperate to form whole organ systems. The 12 diagrams in
the figures below show 11 human organ systems, including separate diagrams for the male and
female reproductive systems. Some of the organs and functions of the organ systems are
identified in the figure. Each system is also described in more detail in the text that follows. Most
of these human organ systems are also the subject of separate chapters in this Flexbook.
Integumentary System
Organs of the integumentary system include the skin, hair, and nails. The skin is the largest
organ in the body. It encloses and protects the body and is the site of many sensory receptors.
The skin is the body’s first defense against pathogens, and it also helps regulate body
temperature and eliminate wastes in sweat.
Skeletal System
The skeletal system consists of bones, joints, teeth. The bones of the skeletal system are
connected by tendons, ligaments, and cartilage. Functions of the skeletal system include
supporting the body and giving it shape. Along with the muscular system, the skeletal system
 MISAMIS UNIVERSITY Prepared by: GENELYN R. BALUYOS, EdD Document Code: Module
Ozamiz City Faculty CED-MOD-STRAT02 Reference No.
Office of the Vice President Checked by: ARIEL R. CLARIN, PhD Revision Date: Units:
for Academic Affairs Program Chairman 3.0
Reviewed by: PERLITO D. JOMUAD, EdD Revision No.: Subject Code:
COLLEGE OF EDUCATION
Dean 0 STRAT02
LEARNING MODULE Approved by: ARIEL R. CLARIN, PhD Prerequisite: Co-requisite:
VPAA/Director for Instruction None None
Descriptive Title: Teaching Science in Elementary Grades (Biology and Chemistry)

enables the body to move. The bones of the skeletal system also protect internal organs, store
calcium, and produce red and white blood cells.
Muscular System
The muscular system consists of three different types of muscles, including skeletal muscles,
which are attached to bones by tendons and allow for voluntary movements of the body. Smooth
muscle tissues control the involuntary movements of internal organs, such as the organs of the
digestive system, allowing food to move through the system. Smooth muscles in blood vessels
allow vasoconstriction and vasodilation and thereby help regulate body temperature. Cardiac
muscle tissues control the involuntary beating of the heart, allowing it to pump blood through
the blood vessels of the cardiovascular system.
Nervous System
The nervous system includes the brain and spinal cord, which make up the central nervous
system, and nerves that run throughout the rest of the body, which make up the peripheral
nervous system. The nervous system controls both voluntary and involuntary responses of the
human organism and also detects and processes sensory information.

Endocrine System
The endocrine system is made up of glands that secrete hormones into the blood, which carries
the hormones throughout the body. Endocrine hormones are chemical messengers that control
many body functions, including metabolism, growth, and sexual development. The master gland
of the endocrine system is the pituitary gland, which produces hormones that control other
endocrine glands. Some of the other endocrine glands include the pancreas, thyroid gland, and
adrenal glands.

Cardiovascular System
The cardiovascular system (also called the circulatory system) includes the heart, blood, and
three types of blood vessels: arteries, veins, and capillaries. The heart pumps blood, which
travels through the blood vessels. The main function of the cardiovascular system is transport.
Oxygen from the lungs and nutrients from the digestive system are transported to cells
throughout the body. Carbon dioxide and other waste materials are picked up from the cells and
transported to organs such as the lungs and kidneys for elimination from the body. The
cardiovascular system also equalizes body temperature and transports endocrine hormones to
cells in the body where they are needed.
 MISAMIS UNIVERSITY Prepared by: GENELYN R. BALUYOS, EdD Document Code: Module
Ozamiz City Faculty CED-MOD-STRAT02 Reference No.
Office of the Vice President Checked by: ARIEL R. CLARIN, PhD Revision Date: Units:
for Academic Affairs Program Chairman 3.0
Reviewed by: PERLITO D. JOMUAD, EdD Revision No.: Subject Code:
COLLEGE OF EDUCATION
Dean 0 STRAT02
LEARNING MODULE Approved by: ARIEL R. CLARIN, PhD Prerequisite: Co-requisite:
VPAA/Director for Instruction None None
Descriptive Title: Teaching Science in Elementary Grades (Biology and Chemistry)

Urinary System
The urinary system includes the pair of kidneys, which filter excess water and a waste product
called urea from the blood and form urine. Two tubes called ureters carry the urine from the
kidneys to the urinary bladder, which stores the urine until it is excreted from the body through
another tube named the urethra. The kidneys also produce an enzyme called renin and a variety
of hormones. These substances help regulate blood pressure, the production of red blood cells,
and the balance of calcium and phosphorus in the body.
Respiratory System
Organs and other structures of the respiratory system include the nasal passages, lungs, and a
long tube called the trachea, which carries air between the nasal passages and lungs. The main
function of the respiratory system is to deliver oxygen to the blood and remove carbon dioxide
from the body. Gases are exchanged between the lungs and blood across the walls of capillaries
lining tiny air sacs (alveoli) in the lungs.
Lymphatic System
The lymphatic system is sometimes considered to be part of the immune system. It consists of a
network of lymph vessels and ducts that collect excess fluid (called lymph) from extracellular
spaces in tissues and transport the fluid to the bloodstream. The lymphatic system also includes
many small collections of tissue, called lymph nodes, and an organ called the spleen, both of
which remove pathogens and cellular debris from the lymph or blood. In addition, the thymus
gland in the lymphatic system produces some types of white blood cells (lymphocytes) that fight
infections.
Digestive System
The digestive system consists of several main organs — including the mouth, esophagus,
stomach, and small and large intestines — that form a long tube called the gastrointestinal (GI)
tract. Food moves through this tract where it is digested, its nutrients absorbed, and its waste
products excreted. The digestive system also includes accessory organs (such as the pancreas
and liver) that produce enzymes and other substances needed for digestion but through which
food does not actually pass.
Male and Female Reproductive Systems
The reproductive system is the only body system that differs substantially between males and
females. Both male and female reproductive systems produce sex-specific sex hormones
(testosterone in males, estrogen in females) and gametes (sperm in males, eggs in females).
However, the organs involved in these processes are different. The male reproductive system
includes the epididymis, testes, and penis; and the female reproductive system includes the
uterus, ovaries, and mammary glands. The male and female systems also have different
additional roles. For example, the male system has the role of delivering gametes to the female
 MISAMIS UNIVERSITY Prepared by: GENELYN R. BALUYOS, EdD Document Code: Module
Ozamiz City Faculty CED-MOD-STRAT02 Reference No.
Office of the Vice President Checked by: ARIEL R. CLARIN, PhD Revision Date: Units:
for Academic Affairs Program Chairman 3.0
Reviewed by: PERLITO D. JOMUAD, EdD Revision No.: Subject Code:
COLLEGE OF EDUCATION
Dean 0 STRAT02
LEARNING MODULE Approved by: ARIEL R. CLARIN, PhD Prerequisite: Co-requisite:
VPAA/Director for Instruction None None
Descriptive Title: Teaching Science in Elementary Grades (Biology and Chemistry)

reproductive tract, whereas the female system has the roles of supporting an embryo and fetus
until birth and also producing milk for the infant after birth.
Figure 10.4.410.4.4: The diagrams 10.4.3 and 10.4.4 represent 11 human organ systems and
show some of their organs and functions. The male and female reproductive systems are shown
separately because of their significant differences. (CC BY 3.0; Connexions via wikimedia.org)

Feature: Human Biology in the News

Organ transplantation has been performed by surgeons for more than six decades, and you’ve
no doubt heard of people receiving heart, lung, and kidney transplants. However, you may have
never heard of a penis transplant. The first U.S. penis transplant was performed in May of 2016
at Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston. The 15-hour procedure involved a team of more
than 50 physicians, surgeons, and nurses. The patient was a 64-year-old man who had lost his
penis to cancer in 2012. The surgical milestone involved grafting microscopic blood vessels and
nerves of the donor organ to those of the recipient. As with most transplant patients, this patient
will have to take immunosuppressing drugs for the rest of his life so his immune system will not
reject the organ. The transplant team said that their success with this transplant “holds promise
for patients with devastating genitourinary injuries and disease.” They also hope their
experiences will be helpful for gender reassignment surgery.
Summary
 An organ is a collection of tissues joined in a structural unit to serve a common function.
Many organs are composed of a major tissue that performs the organ’s main function, as
well as other tissues that play supporting roles.
 The human body contains five organs that are considered vital for survival. They are the
heart, brain, kidneys, liver, and lungs. If any of these five organs stops functioning, the
death of the organism is imminent without medical intervention.
 Functionally related organs often cooperate to form whole organ systems. There are 11
major organ systems in the human organism. They are the integumentary, skeletal,
muscular, nervous, endocrine, cardiovascular, lymphatic, respiratory, digestive, urinary,
and reproductive systems. Only the reproductive system varies significantly between
males and females.

V. Learning Materials
 MISAMIS UNIVERSITY Prepared by: GENELYN R. BALUYOS, EdD Document Code: Module
Ozamiz City Faculty CED-MOD-STRAT02 Reference No.
Office of the Vice President Checked by: ARIEL R. CLARIN, PhD Revision Date: Units:
for Academic Affairs Program Chairman 3.0
Reviewed by: PERLITO D. JOMUAD, EdD Revision No.: Subject Code:
COLLEGE OF EDUCATION
Dean 0 STRAT02
LEARNING MODULE Approved by: ARIEL R. CLARIN, PhD Prerequisite: Co-requisite:
VPAA/Director for Instruction None None
Descriptive Title: Teaching Science in Elementary Grades (Biology and Chemistry)

VI. Supplementary
Learning Resources : https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Human_Biology/
Book%3A_Human_Biology_(Wakim_and_Grewal)/
10%3A_Introduction_to_the_Human_Body/
10.4%3A_Human_Organs_and_Organ_Systems

VII. Learning Activities : 1. School-based Activities:

1.1. Lecture on “Identifying and Describing the
Structure and Functions of Human Organs and
Systems of the Body.”
A. Guide Questions:
1. What are the human sense organs and how do
we take care of each organ?
2. How about the major organs and systems of
our body, how do the organs and systems
work together to function properly?
3. What are he causes and treatment of diseases
of the major organs of our body?
4. How do we maintain a healthy body?
5. How do muscles and bones work together to
effect movement of the arms?
6. Why does it take you longer time to read and
understand what you are reading than when
you remove your fingers from hot objects?
7. What is the relationship of balance diet,
exercises and diseases?
8. Trace the pathway of oxygen and carbon
dioxide in the human body?
9. Almost all people are careful of the condition
of their skin. Why should you be concerned of
the heath of your skin?
10. If you were to teach any topic of the organs
and systems of the body, how will you go
about them?

2. Home Based Activities:

 MISAMIS UNIVERSITY Prepared by: GENELYN R. BALUYOS, EdD Document Code: Module
Ozamiz City Faculty CED-MOD-STRAT02 Reference No.
Office of the Vice President Checked by: ARIEL R. CLARIN, PhD Revision Date: Units:
for Academic Affairs Program Chairman 3.0
Reviewed by: PERLITO D. JOMUAD, EdD Revision No.: Subject Code:
COLLEGE OF EDUCATION
Dean 0 STRAT02
LEARNING MODULE Approved by: ARIEL R. CLARIN, PhD Prerequisite: Co-requisite:
VPAA/Director for Instruction None None
Descriptive Title: Teaching Science in Elementary Grades (Biology and Chemistry)

1.1. Students read the topics on “Identifying and

Describing the Structure and Functions of
Human Organ and Systems of the Body.”
1.2. Students do the following activities:
a. Download and print or draw the five sense
organs and label its parts and functions.
b. Look for interactive videos or readings on
the major organs and systems of the body.
Then make a documentary analysis that
should not exceed to 7 minutes. Key ideas
that should be focused on the activity are:
- Parts and functions of the body organ
- How the organs work to make the system
functions and how the systems work
together to function properly.
- Some disorders/disease that affect the
organ and system and proper ways of
keeping the organ healthy.
- Recent advances in medicine, lifestyle
and nutrition that may help keep the
organ healthy.

VIII. Equipment : Measuring devices like tape measure and thermometer

IX. Student Feedback : Your feedback is important. Please don’t leave this blank.
This portion will allow us to evaluate how this module is
going. Your feedback will help improve this module for
future revision.

1. Which part of this module did you find interesting? Why?

2. Which part of this module did you consider challenging? Why?

 MISAMIS UNIVERSITY Prepared by: GENELYN R. BALUYOS, EdD Document Code: Module
Ozamiz City Faculty CED-MOD-STRAT02 Reference No.
Office of the Vice President Checked by: ARIEL R. CLARIN, PhD Revision Date: Units:
for Academic Affairs Program Chairman 3.0
Reviewed by: PERLITO D. JOMUAD, EdD Revision No.: Subject Code:
COLLEGE OF EDUCATION
Dean 0 STRAT02
LEARNING MODULE Approved by: ARIEL R. CLARIN, PhD Prerequisite: Co-requisite:
VPAA/Director for Instruction None None
Descriptive Title: Teaching Science in Elementary Grades (Biology and Chemistry)