Units of Measurement

Luigi Gavino A01720982

Carolina Tamez A01720408

Donghyun Ko ​A01721576

Jorge Muris A01721101

Density of Marbles and Other Objects in different units

Purpose:

• Use the scientific method to determine the density of several objects

• To use the water displacement method to determine volume
• To use a balance to determine mass
• Use the units of measurement as a means of carrying out conversions

Materials

• cylindrical objects
• spherical objects (marbles)
• irregular objects
• Graduated cylinder
• Water
• Scale
• Units of measurement table

Problem/Question​: ​Which marble of the two has higher density?

Observation/Research:​ ​The density of an object is calculated by dividing

the mass of the object by its volume. If an object has high density, it signifies
that the object is made of dense materials. On the contrary, if an object has
low density, it means that the object is made of comparatively loose materials.
The most commonly used units of densities are: g/ml and kg/Lt. In other
words, the materials of an object will determine the density of the object. It’s
possible for an object with higher mass to have a lower density than that of an
object with smaller mass because the volume also determines the density of
the object.

From my our initial observation, I can see that one marble is considerably
larger than the other one, which will definitely cause both marbles to yield
different results.
Hypothesis:​ ​If the marble has higher mass, it will also have higher density.

Experimental Design

In this occasion,

The dependent variable: ​Density

The independent variable​: mass and volume

The constant will be​ the type and amount of the liquid inside the test tubes.

We will do the trails​ twice

Experiment
Materials: 1 test tube, 1 scale ,20 milliliters of water, 1 small marble and one large
marble.

Step 1: Use the scale to measure the weight of the test tube

Step 2: Add one marble to the test tube and then find their combined weight,
afterwards, subtract the weight of the test tube from the combined weight in order to
obtain the weight of one marble. The weight will give you the mass of the marble.

Step 3: Remove the marble and add 20 milliliters of water to the test tube.

Step 4: Add the same marble you previously weighted to the water and observe how
much the water has “risen”. Afterwards, subtract 20 milliliters from the new amount in
order to obtain the volume of the marble.

Step 5: Divide the mass of the marble by its volume, this will give you the density of
one of the marbles.

Step 6: Repeat steps 2, 3, 4 and 5 in order to find the density of the other marble.

Data Collection

Chart

Object Mass (g) Water Water Volume of Density Density

level level object g/ml Kg/Lt
without with
the object object
Big 13g 20ml 25ml 5ml 2.6g/ml 0.0026g
Marble /μl

2.6 kg/L
Small 6g 20ml 22ml 2ml 3g/ml 30g/cl
Marble
3 kg/L
Rock 10g 20ml 24ml 4ml 2.5g/ml 0.0025
Kg/ml
Steel 50g 20 ml 22ml 2ml 25g/ml 25000g/
bearing Lt

Graph and Correlation

1 Graph Correlation: ​From our data, it appears we have an inverse/negative

correlation between mass and density. Which means that the ​Pearson
Correlation ​for this set of data is: -1.

2 Graph Correlation​: From this data, there is a direct/positive correlation

between mass and volume. Pearson: 1
Data Analysis

From what we had gathered, it would appear like our hypothesis was ​wrong​,
as in, we predicted that the bigger marble would be denser than the smaller
marble, however, our results show that despite both densities being relatively
close, in the end it turned out that the smaller marble had a bigger density.
This can be seen with the second graph since the slope created by mass and
volume is density, where it can be seen as a constant. Therefore, density
stays constant with same materials.

However, it is worth noting that research done after the experiment showed
that both the mass and the volume of objects of the same composition is
irrelevant, as both will end up having the same density since they are made
up of the same materials. Therefore, it is likely that our results are due to the
fact that we may have made some miscalculations while weighting the
marbles, which skewed our result. Regardless, the research still shows that
our original hypothesis was wrong.

Conclusions

Luigi Gavino: ​In conclusion, our hypothesis was​ incorrect​, as we predicted

that the bigger marble would be denser than the smaller one. However, as
shown in this report, the data we obtained proved the hypothesis wrong, and
after further research, we realized that even though the data we originally
gathered was flawed, the hypothesis was still wrong. The most likely event is
that we miscalculated the weight of a marble. But regardless, this experiment
was still very valuable as it taught us a few things: Among them, that not all
hypotheses are correct. However the most important aspect of this
experiment is that it gave us a taste of the world of science, a place in which
results you were so sure were right can easily be disproved, but even then,
the whole purpose of science, and chemistry, is to learn about the world,
something, which we did today.

Donghyun Ko: ​The results of our experiment showed us that our hypothesis
was unfounded. Our hypothesis was that the density of the object will be
higher if the mass is larger. However, the results of our experiment showed us
that the density of the small marble was actually higher than that of larger
one. By this results, we learned that mass is not a determinant of the density
of an object. The density can be high or low regardless of their mass. What
does matter in determining the density of the object is actually the material
that the object is made of. I think the results and the data would be more
accurate if we were able to measure the mass of the marble directly. Since
the marble couldn’t stay on its own, we had to put it in the cylinder and
subtract the mass of the cylinder from our measurement. From their minor
mistakes could have happened and led us to miscalculate. However, we did
our best to get the most accurate mass, calibrating the scale finely. Therefore,
there must not be any significant error in the measurement, which makes our
results still significant.

Carolina Tamez: ​Our results state that the hypothesis was incorrect. We had
thought that the larger marble will have a bigger density, but after analyzing
these result we concluded that every object made up of the same material will
have the same density, no matter what volume or mass. We recommend that
for further experiments on density estimations, can be made with a digital
scale, since the manual scale was hard to balance because we had no
experience with those types of scales. Also, measure more than just two
marbles since there is a lot of room for error with only two trials.

Jorge Muris: ​ We were wrong when making the hypothesis because we said
that the bigger the marble the higher the density, but the experiment showed
us wrong as the smaller marble displaced more water. We believe that we
made a mistake because they are made of the same material so they should
be quite the same. There should be further experimentation to verify this as
we could have made a mistake. I have learned by our mistake that size does
not affect the displacement but of what is the object is made. I also learned
how to properly handle lab equipment for multiple uses.

Pictures

Weighting the test tube.

Weighting the small marble.

Weighting the large marble

Pouring 20 milliliters of water.

Finding the Volume of the small

marble
Finding the volume of the large
marble.