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NASA-STD-6016 Standard Materials and Processes Requirements For Spacecraft

This NASA technical standard establishes uniform requirements for materials and processes used in spacecraft. It defines requirements for selecting, controlling, and documenting materials and processes. It also provides requirements for material usage approvals and establishing manufacturing plans to ensure standards are followed.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)

59 views67 pages

NASA-STD-6016 Standard Materials and Processes Requirements For Spacecraft

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boon lee

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NASA TECHNICAL NASA-STD-6016

STANDARD

National Aeronautics and Space Administration Approved: 07-11-2008

Washington, DC 20546-0001 Expiration Date: 07-10-2013
Superseding NASA-STD-(I)-6016

STANDARD MATERIALS AND PROCESSES

REQUIREMENTS FOR SPACECRAFT

MEASUREMENT SYSTEM IDENTIFICATION:

METRIC/SI (ENGLISH)

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NASA-STD-6016

DOCUMENT HISTORY LOG

Status Document Approval Date Description

Revision
Interim 09-11-2006 Interim Release
Baseline 07-11-2008 Baseline Release

Transitioned Interim Standard NASA-STD-

(I)-6016 to NASA Technical Standard
NASA-STD-6016.

NOTE: Per section 4.1.3: The use of M&P that do not comply with the technical requirements of this standard may be acceptable in the actual
hardware applications. MUAs shall be submitted for all M&P that are technically acceptable but do not meet the technical requirements of this
standard, as implemented by the approved Materials and Processes Selection, Control, and Implementation Plan.

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FOREWORD

This standard is published by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
to provide uniform engineering and technical requirements for processes, procedures,
practices, and methods that have been endorsed as standard for NASA programs and
projects, including requirements for selection, application, and design criteria of an item.

This standard is approved for use by NASA Headquarters and NASA Centers, including
Component Facilities.

This standard defines the minimum requirements for Materials and Processes (M&P) and
provides a general control specification for incorporation in NASA program/project hardware
procurements and technical programs.

Requests for information, corrections, or additions to this standard should be submitted via
“Feedback” in the NASA Technical Standards System at http://standards.nasa.gov.

Original Signed By

July 11, 2008

Michael G. Ryschkewitsch Approval Date

NASA Chief Engineer

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION PAGE

DOCUMENT HISTORY LOG .......................................................................................... 2

FOREWORD...................................................................................................................... 3
TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................... 4

1. SCOPE............................................................................................................. 7
1.1 Purpose ............................................................................................................. 7
1.2 Applicability ..................................................................................................... 7

2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS ..................................................................... 8

2.1 General.............................................................................................................. 8
2.2 Government Documents ................................................................................... 8
2.3 Non-Government Documents........................................................................... 10
2.3.1 Voluntary Consensus Standards ....................................................................... 10
2.4 Order of Precedence ......................................................................................... 12

3. ACRONYMS AND DEFINITIONS.............................................................. 13

3.1 Acronyms.......................................................................................................... 13
3.2 Definitions ........................................................................................................ 14

4. REQUIREMENTS ......................................................................................... 16
4.1 General Requirements ...................................................................................... 17
4.1.1 Materials and Processes Selection, Control, and Implementation Plan ........... 17
4.1.1.1 Coordination, Approval, and Tracking............................................................. 17
4.1.1.2 Approval Signature........................................................................................... 17
4.1.1.3 M&P Controls................................................................................................... 18
4.1.1.4 Commercial Off-The-Shelf (COTS) Hardware................................................ 19
4.1.1.5 M&P Control Board ......................................................................................... 20
4.1.2 M&P Usage Documentation............................................................................. 20
4.1.2.1 Human-Rated Spacecraft.................................................................................. 20
4.1.2.2 Non-Human Rated Spacecraft .......................................................................... 21
4.1.2.3 MIUL Content .................................................................................................. 21
4.1.3 MUAs ............................................................................................................... 22

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TABLE OF CONTENTS, continued

SECTION PAGE

4.1.3.1 Human-Rated Spacecraft ............................................................................. 23

4.1.3.1.1 Category I MUAs......................................................................................... 23
4.1.3.1.2 Category II MUAs ....................................................................................... 23
4.1.3.1.3 Category III MUAs ...................................................................................... 23
4.1.3.2 Non-Human Rated Spacecraft...................................................................... 23
4.1.4 Manufacturing Planning............................................................................... 24
4.1.5 Materials Certification and Traceability ...................................................... 24
4.1.6 Material Design Allowables......................................................................... 24
4.2 Detailed Requirements ................................................................................. 25
4.2.1 Flammability, Offgassing, and Compatibility Requirements ...................... 25
4.2.1.1 Flammability Control ................................................................................... 25
4.2.1.2 Toxic Offgassing.......................................................................................... 26
4.2.1.3 Fluid Compatibility (Fluids Other Than Oxygen) ....................................... 27
4.2.1.4 Oxygen Compatibility.................................................................................. 27
4.2.1.5 Electrical Wire Insulation Materials ............................................................ 28
4.2.2 Metals........................................................................................................... 29
4.2.2.1 Aluminum .................................................................................................... 29
4.2.2.2 Steel.............................................................................................................. 30
4.2.2.3 Titanium ....................................................................................................... 31
4.2.2.4 Magnesium................................................................................................... 33
4.2.2.5 Beryllium ..................................................................................................... 33
4.2.2.6 Cadmium ...................................................................................................... 34
4.2.2.7 Zinc .............................................................................................................. 34
4.2.2.8 Mercury ........................................................................................................ 34
4.2.2.9 Refractory Metals......................................................................................... 34
4.2.2.10 Superalloys (Nickel-Based and Cobalt-Based)............................................ 35
4.2.2.11 Tin ................................................................................................................ 35
4.2.3 Nonmetallic Materials.................................................................................. 36
4.2.3.1 Elastomeric Materials................................................................................... 36
4.2.3.2 Polyvinylchloride ......................................................................................... 36
4.2.3.3 Composite Materials .................................................................................... 36
4.2.3.4 Lubricants..................................................................................................... 36
4.2.3.5 Limited-Life Items ....................................................................................... 37

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TABLE OF CONTENTS, continued

SECTION PAGE

4.2.3.6 Thermal Vacuum Stability............................................................................. 37

4.2.3.7 External Environment Survivability.............................................................. 38
4.2.3.8 Fungus Resistance ......................................................................................... 38
4.2.3.9 Glycols........................................................................................................... 39
4.2.3.10 Etching Fluorocarbons................................................................................... 40
4.2.4 Processes........................................................................................................ 40
4.2.4.1 Forging........................................................................................................... 40
4.2.4.2 Castings ......................................................................................................... 41
4.2.4.3 Adhesive Bonding ......................................................................................... 41
4.2.4.4 Welding ......................................................................................................... 42
4.2.4.5 Brazing........................................................................................................... 42
4.2.4.6 Structural Soldering....................................................................................... 43
4.2.4.7 Electrical Discharge Machining and Laser Machining ................................. 43
4.2.5 Material Nondestructive Inspection............................................................... 43
4.2.5.1 Nondestructive Evaluation (NDE) Plan ........................................................ 43
4.2.5.2 NDE Etching.................................................................................................. 44
4.2.5.3 Nickel Plating ................................................................................................ 44
4.2.6 Special Materials Requirements .................................................................... 44
4.2.6.1 Residual Stresses ........................................................................................... 44
4.2.6.2 Sandwich Assemblies .................................................................................... 45
4.2.6.3 Corrosion Prevention and Control................................................................. 45
4.2.6.4 Hydrogen Embrittlement ............................................................................... 46
4.2.6.5 Fastener Installation....................................................................................... 47
4.2.6.6 Contamination Control .................................................................................. 48
4.2.6.7 Packaging....................................................................................................... 48
4.3 Verification.................................................................................................... 48

Appendix A Typical MUA Form................................................................................. 50

Appendix B Category III MUA Rationale Codes ...................................................... 51
Appendix C Recommended Data Requirements Documents ................................... 55
Appendix D Guidance .................................................................................................. 67

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STANDARD MATERIALS AND PROCESSES

REQUIREMENTS FOR SPACECRAFT

1. SCOPE

This document is directed toward materials and processes (M&P) used in the design, fabrication,
and testing of flight components for all NASA manned, unmanned, robotic, launch vehicle,
lander, in-space and surface systems, and spacecraft program/project hardware elements. All
flight hardware is covered by the M&P requirements of this document, including vendor-
designed, off-the-shelf, and vendor-furnished items.

M&P used in interfacing ground support equipment (GSE), test equipment, hardware processing
equipment, hardware packaging, and hardware shipment shall be controlled to prevent damage to
or contamination of flight hardware.

1.1 Purpose

The purpose of this document is to define the minimum requirements for M&P and to provide a
general control specification for incorporation in NASA program/project hardware procurements
and technical programs.

1.2 Applicability

The controls described here are applicable to all NASA spacecraft programs.

a. Programs shall apply these controls to program/project hardware. Programs, projects,

and elements are responsible for flowing requirements down to contractors, subcontractors, and
the lowest component-level suppliers.

b. Programs shall be responsible for demonstrating compliance with these requirements.

These requirements may be tailored for specific programs/projects simply by constructing a

matrix of applicable paragraphs and paragraphs that are not applicable, subject to approval by the
responsible program/project NASA M&P organization, the responsible program/project, and the
responsible Technical Authority. Tailoring also includes using existing or previously developed
contractor processes and standards as a submittal of the various required plans. Otherwise, the
tailoring of requirements may be documented in the Materials and Processes Selection, Control,
and Implementation Plan by providing the degree of conformance and the method of
implementation for each requirement identified here.

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c. Tailoring of requirements in the Materials and Processes Selection, Control, and

Implementation Plan shall be approved by the responsible program/project NASA M&P
organization, the responsible project/program, and the responsible Technical Authority. When a
contractor Materials and Processes Selection, Control, and Implementation Plan has been
approved by the responsible program/project as an acceptable means of compliance with the
technical requirements of this document, the plan may be used for the implementation and
verification of M&P requirements on the applicable program/project.

This standard may be cited in contract, program, and other Agency documents as a technical
requirement. Requirements are indicated by the word “shall”; explanatory/guidance text is
indicated in italics in section 4.

2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS
2.1 General

The documents listed in this section contain provisions that constitute requirements of this
standard as cited in the text of section 4. The applicable documents are accessible via the NASA
Technical Standards System at http://standards.nasa.gov or may be obtained directly from the
Standards Developing Organizations or other document distributors.

2.2 Government Documents

The documents in these paragraphs are applicable to the extent specified.

JSC 20584 (1999) Spacecraft Maximum Allowable Concentrations for

Reference 4.2.1.2 Airborne Contaminants

Materials and Processes Materials Selection List for Space Hardware Systems
Technical Information
System (MAPTIS)
References 4.1.2.1 and
4.2.1.2

MIL-HDBK-17-1F (2002) Volume 1. Polymer Matrix Composites Guidelines for

Reference 4.1.6 and 4.2.3.3 Characterization of Structural Materials

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MIL-HDBK-17-2F (2002) Composite Materials Handbook Volume 2. Polymer

Reference 4.1.6 and 4.2.3.3 Matrix Composites Materials Properties

MIL-HDBK-17-3F (2002) Volume 3. Polymer Matrix Composites Materials Usage,

Reference 4.1.6 and 4.2.3.3 Design, and Analysis

MIL-HDBK-17-4A (2002) Composite Materials Handbook Volume 4. Metal Matrix

Reference 4.1.6 and 4.2.3.3 Composites

MIL-HDBK-17-5 (2002) Volume 5. Ceramic Matrix Composites

Reference 4.1.6 and 4.2.3.3

MIL-HDBK-454A (2000) General Guidelines for Electronic Equipment

Reference 4.2.3.8

MIL-STD-810F (2000) Department of Defense Test Method Standard for

Change 3 (2003) Environmental Engineering Considerations and
Reference 4.2.3.8 Laboratory Tests

MIL-STD-889B Dissimilar Metals

Change 3 (1993)
Reference 4.2.6.3

MIL-HDBK-6870A (2001) Inspection Program Requirements, Nondestructive for

Reference 4.2.5.1 Aircraft and Missile Materials and Parts

MMPDS-03 (2007) Metallic Materials Properties Development and

Reference 4.1.6 Standardization (MMPDS)

MSFC-SPEC-250A (1977) Protective Finishes for Space Vehicle Structures and

Reference 4.2.6.3 and Associated Flight Equipment, General Specification for
Appendix B

MSFC-SPEC-445A (1990) Adhesive Bonding, Process and Inspection,

Reference 4.2.4.3 Requirements for

MSFC-STD-557A (2005) Threaded Fasteners, 6 Al-4V Titanium Alloy, Usage

Reference 4.2.6.5 Criteria for Spacecraft Applications

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MSFC-STD-3029A (2005) Guidelines for the Selection of Metallic Materials for

Reference 4.2.2 Stress Corrosion Cracking Resistance in Sodium
Chloride Environments

NASA-STD-5006 (1999) General Fusion Welding Requirements for Aerospace

Reference 4.2.4.4 Materials Used in Flight Hardware

NASA-STD-5009 (2007) Nondestructive Evaluation Requirements for Fracture-

Reference 4.2.5.1 Critical Metallic Components

NASA-STD-(I)-6001A Flammability, Offgassing, and Compatibility

(2008) Requirements and Test Procedures
References 4.2.1, 4.2.1.1,
4.2.1.2, 4.2.1.3, 4.2.1.4, and
4.2.1.5

NASA-STD-6008 (2008) NASA Fastener Procurement, Receiving Inspection, and

Reference 4.2.6.5 Storage Practices for Spaceflight Hardware

NASA-TM-86556 (1985) Lubrication Handbook for the Space Industry, Part A:

Reference 4.2.3.4 Solid Lubricants, Part B: Liquid Lubricants

2.3 Non-Government Documents

2.3.1 Voluntary Consensus Standards

ASTM-E595-93 Total Mass Loss and Collected Volatile Condensable

(reapproved 2003) Materials from Outgassing in a Vacuum Environment, Standard
Reference 4.2.3.6 Test Method for

AWS C-3.2M/C3.2 (2001) Standard Method for Evaluating the Strength of Brazed Joints
Reference 4.2.4.5

AWS C-3.3 (2002) Design, Manufacture, and Examination of Critical Brazed

Reference: 4.2.4.5 Components, Recommended Practices for

AWS C-3.4 (1999) Specification for Torch Brazing

Reference 4.2.4.5

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AWS C-3.5 (1999) Specification for Induction Brazing

Reference 4.2.4.5

AWS C-3.6 (1999) Specification for Furnace Brazing

Reference 4.2.4.5

AWS C-3.7M/C3.7 (2005) Specification for Aluminum Brazing

Reference 4.2.4.5

NAS 410 (2003) NAS Certification and Qualification of Nondestructive Test

Reference 4.2.5.1 Personnel

NAS 412 (1997) Foreign Object Damage/Foreign Object Debris (FOD) Prevention
Reference 4.2.6.6

SAE-AMS-H-6875A Heat Treatment of Steel Raw Materials

(1998, Reaffirmed 2006)
Reference 4.2.2.2.1

SAE-AMS-STD-401 (1999) Sandwich Constructions and Core Materials: General Test

Reference 4.2.6.2 Methods

SAE-AMS 2175 (2003) Castings, Classification and Inspection of

Reference 4.2.4.2

SAE-AMS 2375C Control of Forgings Requiring First Article Approval

(1996, Reaffirmed 2001)
Reference 4.2.4.1

SAE-AMS 2403L (2004) Plating, Nickel General Purpose

Reference 4.2.5.3

SAE-AMS 2404E (2003) Plating, Electroless Nickel

Reference 4.2.5.3

SAE-AMS 2423D Plating, Nickel Hard Deposit

(2002, Reaffirmed 2007)
Reference 4.2.5.3

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SAE-AMS 2488D Anodic Treatment - Titanium and Titanium Alloys Solution, pH

(2000, Reaffirmed 2006) 13 or Higher
Reference 4.2.2.3.3

SAE-AMS 2491D Surface Treatment of Polytetrafluoroethylene, Preparation for

(1989, Reaffirmed 2003) Bonding
Reference 4.2.3.10

SAE-AMS 2759D (2006) Heat Treatment of Steel Parts, General Requirements

Reference 4.2.2.2.1

SAE-AMS 2759/9B (2003) Hydrogen Embrittlement Relief (Baking) of Steel Parts

Reference 4.2.2.2.1

SAE-AMS 2770H (2006) Heat Treatment of Wrought Aluminum Alloy Parts

Reference 4.2.2.1

SAE-AMS 2771C (2004) Heat Treatment of Aluminum Alloy Castings

Reference 4.2.2.1

SAE-AMS 2772C (2002) Heat Treatment of Aluminum Alloy Raw Materials

Reference 4.2.2.1

SAE-AMS 2774A (2005) Heat Treatment, Wrought Nickel Alloy and Cobalt Alloy Parts
Reference 4.2.2.10.1

SAE-AMS-H-81200A Heat Treatment of Titanium and Titanium Alloys

(2003)
Reference 4.2.2.3.1

2.4 Order of Precedence

This document establishes minimum requirements for M&P for spacecraft but does not
supersede nor waive established Agency requirements found in other documentation.

Conflict between this standard and other requirements documents shall be resolved by the
responsible Technical Authority.

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3. ACRONYMS AND DEFINITIONS

3.1 Acronyms

ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials

AWS American Welding Society
BZT Benzotriazole
°C Degrees Celsius
CCP Contamination Control Plan
CDR Critical Design Review
COTS Commercial Off-The-Shelf
CP Commercially Pure
CVCM Collected Volatile Condensable Materials
DRD Data Requirements Description
EDM Electrical Discharge Machining
EEE Electrical, Electronic, and Electromechanical
ELI Extra Low Interstitial
ESD Electrostatic Discharge
ETFE Ethylene Tetrafluoroethylene
°F Degrees Fahrenheit
FOD Foreign Object Debris
FRR Flight Readiness Review
GOX Gaseous Oxygen
GSE Ground Support Equipment
HDBK Handbook
JSC Johnson Space Center
kPa Kilopascals
ksi Kilopounds per Square Inch
LM Laser Machining
LOX Liquid Oxygen
M&P Materials and Processes
MAPTIS Materials and Processes Technical Information System
MIL Military
MIUL Material Identification Usage List
MMPDS Metallic Materials Properties Development and Standardization
MPa Megapascals
MSFC Marshall Space Flight Center
MUA Material(s) Usage Agreement
NAS National Aerospace Standard

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NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration

NDE Nondestructive Evaluation
NDI Nondestructive Inspection
PDR Preliminary Design Review
PH Precipitation Hardened
PSIA Pounds per Square Inch Absolute
PTFE Polytetrafluoroethylene
RH Relative Humidity
RTV Room Temperature Vulcanizing (rubber)
SAE Society of Automotive Engineers
SDR System Definition Review
SI Systeme Internationale, or metric system of measurement
SMAC Spacecraft Maximum Allowable Concentration
SOW Statement of Work
SPEC Specification
SRR System Requirements Review
STD Standard
TM Technical Memorandum
TML Total Mass Loss
UTS Ultimate Tensile Strength
UV Ultraviolet

3.2 Definitions

Catastrophic Hazard: Hazard that can result in the potential for a disabling or
fatal personnel injury, or cause major system destruction.

Corrosive Environment: Solid, liquid, or gaseous environment that deteriorates

the materials by reaction with the environment. Clean rooms and vacuum are normally
considered noncorrosive.

Critical Hazard: Hazard that can result in the potential for severe injury, severe
occupational illness, or major property/equipment damage.

Primary Structure: Principal or main structure that sustains the significant applied
loads or provides main load paths for distributing reactions to applied loads and that, if it
fails, creates a catastrophic hazard.
Refractory Alloys: Alloys with a melting point above 2000 °C (3632 °F), plus
osmium and iridium.

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Safety-Critical Hardware: Hardware that, if it fails, creates a critical or

catastrophic hazard.

Stress Equalization: A low-temperature heat treatment used to balance stresses in

cold-worked material without an appreciable decrease in the mechanical strength
produced by cold working.

Structural: Primary load-bearing structure.

Structural Adhesive Bond: Structural joint using adhesive bonds for the purpose
of transferring structural load between structures.

Structure: All components and assemblies designed to sustain loads or pressures,

provide stiffness and stability, or provide support or containment.

Structure, Primary: That part of a flight vehicle or element that sustains the
significant applied loads and provides main load paths for distributing reactions to
applied loads. Also the main structure that is required to sustain the significant applied
loads, including pressure and thermal loads, and that, if it fails, creates a catastrophic
hazard. If a component is small enough and in an environment where no serious threat is
imposed if it breaks, then it is not primary structure.

Subcontractor: A hardware contractor that reports to a higher-level contractor.

Technical Authority: The Technical Authority provides technical checks and

balances by assuring that safety and mission success, relevant technical standards,
engineering work, and safety and reliability analysis products are being conducted
properly in accordance with established, high-reliability processes independent of
nontechnical program/project constraints.

Useful Life: Total life span including storage life, installed life in a nonoperating
mode, and operational service life.

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4. REQUIREMENTS

Requirements for materials used in the fabrication and processing of flight hardware are as
follows:

a. Selection shall be by consideration of the worst-case operational requirements for the

particular application and the design engineering properties of the candidate materials.

b. The operational requirements shall include, but are not limited to, the following:

(1) Operational temperature limits.

(2) Loads.
(3) Contamination.
(4) Life expectancy.
(5) Moisture or other fluid media exposure.
(6) Vehicle-related induced and natural space environments.

c. Properties that shall be considered in material selection include, but are not limited to,
the following:

(1) Mechanical properties.

(2) Fracture toughness.
(3) Flammability and offgassing characteristics.
(4) Corrosion.
(5) Stress corrosion.
(6) Thermal and mechanical fatigue properties.
(7) Glass-transition temperature.
(8) Coefficient of thermal expansion mismatch.
(9) Vacuum outgassing.
(10) Fluids compatibility.
(11) Microbial resistance.
(12) Moisture resistance.
(13) Fretting.
(14) Galling.
(15) Susceptibility to electrostatic discharge (ESD).
(16) Susceptibility to contamination.

d. Conditions that could contribute to deterioration of hardware in service shall receive

special consideration.

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e. Nonflight materials used in processing and testing of flight hardware shall not cause
degradation of the flight hardware.

4.1 General Requirements

4.1.1 Materials and Processes Selection, Control, and Implementation Plan

a. Each organization that is responsible for the design and fabrication of spacecraft
flight hardware shall provide a Materials and Processes Selection, Control, and Implementation
Plan.

b. The Materials and Processes Selection, Control, and Implementation Plan shall
document the degree of conformance and method of implementation for each requirement in this
standard, identifying applicable in-house specifications used to comply with the requirement.

c. The Materials and Processes Selection, Control, and Implementation Plan shall also
describe the methods used to control compliance with these requirements by subcontractors and
vendors.

d. The Materials and Processes Selection, Control, and Implementation Plan, upon
approval by the procuring activity, shall become the M&P implementation document used for
verification.

e. The Materials and Processes Selection, Control, and Implementation Plan shall
include what follows in the next sections.

4.1.1.1 Coordination, Approval, and Tracking

The Materials and Processes Selection, Control, and Implementation Plan shall identify the
method of coordinating, approving, and tracking all engineering drawings, engineering orders,
and other documents that establish or modify materials and/or processes usage.

4.1.1.2 Approval Signature

a. The Materials and Processes Selection, Control, and Implementation Plan shall
include a requirement that all design drawings and revisions contain an M&P approval block, or
equivalent, to ensure that the design has been reviewed and complies with the intent of this
document.

b. Design drawings and revisions shall be signed by the responsible M&P authority
prior to release.

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4.1.1.3 M&P Controls

a. All M&P shall be defined by standards and specifications.

b. M&P shall be identified directly on the appropriate engineering drawing.

c. The Materials and Processes Selection, Control, and Implementation Plan shall
identify those M&P standards and specifications used to implement specific requirements in this
document.

d. Standards and specifications shall be selected from government, industry, and

company specifications and standards.

e. Rationale for the selection of company specifications over government and industry
voluntary consensus standards and specifications shall be documented in the Materials and
Processes Selection, Control, and Implementation Plan.

f. The rationale for selection of company specifications over government and industry
voluntary consensus standards and specifications shall include an identification of government or
industry specifications or standards examined and an explanation of why each was unacceptable.

g. Company M&P specifications shall be identified by document number and revision

letter in the Materials and Processes Selection, Control, and Implementation Plan.

h. All M&P specifications used to produce flight hardware shall be made available to
the responsible NASA Program or Project Office and M&P organization.

i. Changes to M&P standards and specifications identified in the Materials and

Processes Selection, Control, and Implementation Plan shall require NASA M&P organization-
approved Materials Usage Agreements (MUAs) in accordance with section 4.1.3 of this
standard.

j. Process specifications shall define process steps at a level of detail that ensures a
repeatable/controlled process that produces a consistent and reliable product.

k. Process qualification shall be conducted to demonstrate the repeatability of all

processes where the quality of the product cannot be directly verified by subsequent monitoring
or measurement.

Small changes to the chemical composition of nonmetallic materials may sometimes occur
without affecting the materials specification.

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l. The Materials and Processes Selection, Control, and Implementation Plan shall
identify materials where chemical fingerprinting is required to ensure the properties are
controlled.

Note: The process requirements in this standard do not provide the detailed process and quality
assurance requirements that ensure a process is repeatable. Instead, they are intended as higher
level documents that state minimum requirements and provide general directions for the design
of hardware.

4.1.1.3.1 Standard and Specification Obsolescence

During a long-term program, M&P standards and specifications identified in this document or
in contractor materials control plans could become obsolete. Continued use of obsolete
standards and specifications is acceptable for manufacturing series or new-design hardware.

a. Use of an updated, alternate, or new material or process standard or specification

from those identified in the Materials and Processes Selection, Control, and Implementation Plan
shall be implemented by either of the following means:

(1) Updating the Materials and Processes Selection, Control, and Implementation
Plan upon approval of a meets/exceeds analysis for process standard or
specification changes by the responsible NASA M&P organization and program
or project office.

(2) Processing a hardware-specific MUA demonstrating that the revised or alternative

standard or specification does not adversely affect the functionality, reliability,
and safety of the hardware.

4.1.1.4 Commercial Off-The-Shelf (COTS) Hardware

a. A procedure shall be established to ensure that all vendor-designed, off-the-shelf, and

vendor-furnished items are covered by the M&P requirements of this document.

b. The procedure shall include special considerations for off-the-shelf hardware where
detailed M&P information may not be available or it may be impractical to impose all the
detailed requirements specified in this standard.

c. The procedure shall include provisions for ensuring that this hardware is satisfactory
from an overall M&P standpoint.

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4.1.1.5 M&P Control Board

a. Each hardware provider (excluding subcontractors) shall establish an M&P control

board.

b. The M&P control board charter and membership shall be described in the Materials
and Processes Selection, Control, and Implementation Plan.

The M&P control board has the responsibility for the planning, management, and coordination
of the selection, application, procurement, control, and standardization of M&P for the contract.

The board also has the responsibility for directing and dispositioning M&P problem resolution.

The responsible NASA M&P organization is an active member of the board.

The responsible NASA M&P organization that is also an active member of the board has the
right of disapproval of board decisions.

4.1.2 M&P Usage Documentation

a. M&P usage shall be documented in an electronic searchable parts list or separate

electronic searchable Materials Identification and Usage List (MIUL).

b. The procedures and formats for documentation of M&P usage depends upon specific
hardware but shall cover the final design as delivered.

c. The system used shall be an integral part of the engineering configuration

control/release system.

4.1.2.1 Human-Rated Spacecraft

For human-rated spacecraft, a copy of the stored data shall be provided to NASA in a form
compatible with the Materials and Processes Technical Information System (MAPTIS).

MAPTIS is accessible via the Internet at http://maptis.nasa.gov.

Note: Accessibility to MAPTIS is by registration only.

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4.1.2.2 Non-Human-Rated Spacecraft

For non-human-rated spacecraft, the program/project shall define the MIUL documentation
approach in the Materials and Processes Selection, Control, and Implementation Plan.

4.1.2.3 MIUL Content

a. The parts list, or MIUL, shall identify the following applicable information:

(1) Detail drawing and dash number.

(2) Next assembly and dash number.
(3) Change letter designation.
(4) Drawing source.
(5) Material form.
(6) Material manufacturer.
(7) Material manufacturer's designation.
(8) Material specification.
(9) Process specification.
(10) Environment.
(11) Weight (nonmetallic materials).
(12) MAPTIS material code (if data are to be provided in a form compatible with
MAPTIS).
(13) Standard/commercial part number.
(14) Contractor.
(15) System.
(16) Subsystem.
(17) Maximum operating temperature.
(18) Minimum operating temperature.
(19) Fluid type.
(20) Surface area (nonmetallic materials).
(21) Associate contractor number.
(22) Project.
(23) Document title.
(24) Criticality.
(25) Line number.
(26) Overall evaluation.
(27) Overall configuration test.
(28) Maximum operating pressure.
(29) Minimum operating pressure.
(30) MUA number or rationale code.
(31) Cure codes.
(32) Materials rating.

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(33) Remarks (comments field).

b. MAPTIS shall be consulted to obtain material codes and ratings for materials,
standard and commercial parts, and components.

c. New material codes shall be assigned by NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center
(MSFC).

d. Where batch/lot testing is required, traceability of specific test reports for batch/lot
used shall be provided in the remarks field.

e. Wire, cable, and exposed surfaces of connectors shall meet the requirements of this
document and be reported on the MIUL.

f. All other standard and nonstandard Electrical, Electronic, and Electromechanical

(EEE) parts shall be exempt from these requirements and reporting on the MIUL.

Materials used in hermetically sealed electronic containers (maximum leak rate less than
1 x 10-4 cm3/sec) are exempt from inclusion in the MIUL.

4.1.3 MUAs

The use of M&P that do not comply with the requirements of this standard may still be
acceptable in the actual hardware applications.

a. MUAs shall be submitted for all M&P that are technically acceptable but do not meet
the requirements of this standard, as implemented by the approved Materials and Processes
Selection, Control, and Implementation Plan.

b. The MUA shall include sufficient information to demonstrate that the application is
technically acceptable.

c. MUAs shall not be used to change the M&P requirements for a nonconforming
product.

When the nonconformance is a deviation from M&P requirements and is acceptable for future
series hardware, an MUA may be generated to provide technical support for a change to the
product baseline. If MUA approval is not granted, a waiver request may be submitted per the
program/project Configuration Management Control Plan.

A typical MUA form is given in Appendix A.

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4.1.3.1 Human-Rated Spacecraft

For human-rated spacecraft, a tiered MUA system with three categories shall be used.

4.1.3.1.1 Category I MUAs

Category I MUAs are those that involve M&P usage that could affect the safety of the mission,
crew, or vehicle or affect the mission success, but must be used for functional reasons.

Category I MUAs are delivered by the hardware developer, and approval by the responsible
NASA M&P organization and the NASA Program/Project Office shall be required.

4.1.3.1.2 Category II MUAs

Category II MUAs are those that involve M&P usage that fails a screening of M&P
requirements and is not considered a hazard in its use application but for which no Category III
rationale code exists.

Category II MUAs are delivered by the hardware developer, and approval by the responsible
NASA M&P organization shall be required.

4.1.3.1.3 Category III MUAs

Category III MUAs are those that involve M&P that have not been shown to meet these
requirements but have an approved rationale code listed in Appendix B. They are evaluated and
determined to be acceptable at the configuration/part level.

Approved category III MUAs shall be reported in the MIUL system or electronic data system
utilizing the approved rationale codes in Appendix B.

Category III MUAs are approved by the hardware developer and responsible M&P organization
through acceptance of the MIUL. A key may be provided to correlate contractor Category III
MUA database codes to the codes in Appendix B. No MUA form is submitted.

4.1.3.2 Non-Human-Rated Spacecraft

For nonhuman-rated spacecraft, the MUA system shall be defined in the Materials and Processes
Selection, Control, and Implementation Plan as approved in accordance with paragraph 1.2.

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4.1.4 Manufacturing Planning

a. M&P organizations shall participate in manufacturing planning to ensure compliance

with M&P requirements.

b. The degree of M&P involvement in manufacturing planning shall be defined in the

Materials and Processes Selection, Control, and Implementation Plan described in paragraph
4.1.1 of this standard.

4.1.5 Materials Certification and Traceability

a. All parts or materials shall be certified as to composition, properties, and

requirements as identified by the procuring document.

b. Parts and materials used in critical applications, such as life-limited materials and/or
safety- and fracture-critical parts, shall be traceable through all processing steps defined in the
engineering drawing to the end-item application.

c. Processing records shall be retained for the life of the program.

4.1.6 Material Design Allowables

a. Values for allowable mechanical properties of structural materials (A, B, or S) in their

design environment shall be taken from MMPDS, Metallic Materials Properties Development
and Standardization, or MIL-HDBK-17-2, -4, and -5.

b. When high-strength metallic materials are heat treated, the adequacy of the heat
treatment process shall be verified by test (see section 4.2.2 of this standard).

Note: Values for allowable mechanical properties of structural materials listed in later versions
of MMPDS than that specified in section 2 may be used, provided the methodology used to
develop the allowable mechanical properties is at least as conservative.

c. Material “B” allowable values shall not be used except in redundant structure in
which the failure of a component would result in a safe redistribution of applied loads to other
load-carrying members.

d. Material “S” allowables not listed in MMPDS or MIL-HDBK-17 shall not be used
in primary structure or fracture-critical hardware without an approved MUA to document that the
“S” allowables have been properly derived in accordance with the procedures in MMPDS or
MIL-HDBK-17.

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Material “S” allowables developed with this methodology may be used in noncritical
applications without an MUA.

e. When design allowables for mechanical properties of new or existing structural

materials are not available, they shall be determined by analytical methods described in MMPDS
or MIL-HDBK-17-1, -3, -4, and -5.

f. The hardware developer shall develop a plan describing its philosophy on how it will
determine what material design properties will be used; and if those properties do not exist, how
they will be developed including, but not limited to, the statistical approaches to be employed.

g. All mechanical and physical property data shall be provided to the responsible NASA
M&P organization.

4.2 Detailed Requirements

4.2.1 Flammability, Offgassing, and Compatibility Requirements

Materials shall meet the requirements of NASA-STD-(I)-6001, Flammability, Offgassing, and

Compatibility Requirements and Test Procedures, as described below.

4.2.1.1 Flammability Control

a. Materials that are nonflammable or self-extinguishing in their use configuration as

defined by NASA-STD-(I)-6001, Test 1 or Test 10, shall be used for flammability control.

Material flammability ratings and tests based on NASA-STD-(I)-6001 for many materials are
found in the MAPTIS database.

b. Additional acceptable materials or methods are the following:

(1) The use of ceramics, metal oxides, and inorganic glasses shall be accepted
without test.

When a material is sufficiently chemically and physically similar to a material found to be

acceptable by testing per NASA-STD-(I)-6001, the use of this material without testing may be
justified on an approved MUA.

(2) Materials tested and self-extinguishing per NASA-STD-(I)-6001 under more

severe conditions with respect to the use environment shall be acceptable without
test, as in the following examples:

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(a) Materials used in an environment with an oxygen concentration lower than

the test level are accepted without test (provided that the oxygen partial
pressure is not substantially greater than the partial pressure at the test level)
whereas materials used in an environment where the concentration is greater
than the test level shall be tested or considered flammable by default.

(b) If a material passes the flammability test on a metal substrate, it shall be used
on metal substrates of the same thickness or greater.

(c) If the material is used on a thinner or nonheat-sinking substrate (or on no

substrate at all), it shall be retested or considered flammable by default.

Materials that are considered flammable by default may still be accepted through the MUA
approval process.

Many situations arise where flammable materials are used in an acceptable manner without test,
using mitigation practices and the MUA approval system. Guidelines for hardware flammability
assessment and mitigation can be found in JSC 29353, Flammability Configuration Analysis for
Spacecraft Applications.

4.2.1.2 Toxic Offgassing

a. All materials used in habitable flight compartments shall meet the offgassing
requirements of Test 7 of NASA-STD-(I)-6001.

Offgassing testing is not required for metallic materials or for ceramics and metal
oxides.

b. Spacecraft Maximum Allowable Concentration (SMAC) values shall be obtained

from JSC 20584, Spacecraft Maximum Allowable Concentrations for Airborne Contaminants.

c. For compounds for which no SMAC values are found in JSC 20584, the values in
MAPTIS shall be used.

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4.2.1.3 Fluid Compatibility (Fluids Other Than Oxygen)

a. Materials exposed to hazardous fluids1 shall be evaluated or tested for compatibility.

NASA-STD-(I)-6001, Test 15, is a screening test for short-term exposure to fuels and oxidizers.

b. Appropriate long-term tests shall be conducted for materials with long-term exposure
to fuels, oxidizers, and other hazardous fluids.

c. The test conditions shall simulate the worst-case use environment that would enhance
reactions or degradation of the material or fluid.

d. Materials degradation in long-term tests shall be characterized by post-test analyses

of the material and fluid to determine the extent of changes in chemical and physical
characteristics, including mechanical properties.

e. The effect of material condition (for example, parent versus weld metal or heat-
affected zone) shall be addressed in the compatibility determination.

4.2.1.4 Oxygen Compatibility

a. Liquid and gaseous oxygen (LOX/GOX) systems shall use materials that are
nonflammable in their worst-case use configuration, as defined by NASA-STD-(I)-6001, Test
17, for upward flammability in GOX (or Test 1 for materials used in oxygen pressures that are
less than 50 psia (350 kPa)).

Material flammability ratings and tests based on NASA-STD-(I)-6001 for many materials are
found in the MAPTIS database.

b. When a material in an oxygen system is determined to be flammable by this test, an

oxygen compatibility assessment shall be conducted as described in NASA-STD-(I)-6001.

c. The system safety rationale of this assessment shall be documented in an MUA.

d. When the oxygen compatibility assessment shows the risk is above an acceptable
level, then configurational testing shall be conducted to support the compatibility assessment.

1
For the purpose of this standard, the definition of hazardous fluids includes gaseous oxygen, liquid oxygen, fuels,
oxidizers, and other fluids that could cause corrosion, chemically or physically degrade materials in the system, or
cause an exothermic reaction.

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e. The configurational testing shall exercise the ignition mechanism in question using an
accepted test method.

f. The configurational test method and acceptance criteria shall be reviewed and
approved as part of the MUA process described in paragraph 4.1.3.

g. The as-built configuration shall be verified against the compatibility assessment to

ensure that mitigation methods identified in the report were incorporated into the final hardware
design and build.

h. For compressed air systems and pressurized systems containing enriched oxygen, the
need for an oxygen compatibility assessment shall be addressed in the Materials and Processes
Selection, Control, and Implementation Plan.

Compressed air systems and pressurized systems containing enriched oxygen are inherently less
hazardous than systems containing pure oxygen; the hazard increases with oxygen concentration
and pressure.

Guidelines on the design of safe oxygen systems are contained in ASTM MNL 36, Safe Use of
Oxygen and Oxygen Systems: Handbook for Design, Operation, and Maintenance; ASTM G88,
Standard Guide for Designing Systems for Oxygen Service; ASTM G63, Standard Guide for
Evaluating Nonmetallic Materials for Oxygen Service; ASTM G94, Standard Guide for
Evaluating Metals for Oxygen Service; and NASA/TM-2007-213740, Guide for Oxygen
Compatibility Assessments on Oxygen Components and Systems.

4.2.1.4.1 Oxygen Component Acceptance Test

a. Oxygen and enriched air system components that operate at pressures above 1.83
MPa (265 psia) shall undergo oxygen compatibility acceptance testing at maximum design
pressure for a minimum of ten cycles to ensure that all oxygen system flight hardware is exposed
to oxygen prior to launch.

b. Components shall be retested if post-test actions (such as rework, repair, or

interfacing with hardware having uncontrolled cleanliness) invalidate the acceptance test.

4.2.1.5 Electrical Wire Insulation Materials

a. Electrical wire insulation materials shall be evaluated for flammability in accordance

with NASA-STD-(I)-6001, Test 4.

b. Arc tracking shall be evaluated in accordance with NASA-STD-(I)-6001, Test 18.

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Arc tracking testing is not required for polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), PTFE laminate, ethylene
tetrafluoroethlyene (ETFE), or silicone-insulated wires since the resistance of these materials to
arc tracking has already been established.

4.2.2 Metals

MSFC-STD-3029, Guidelines for the Selection of Metallic Materials for Stress Corrosion
Cracking Resistance in Sodium Chloride Environments, shall be used to select metallic materials
to control stress corrosion cracking of metallic materials in sea and air environments.

Additional information regarding metallic materials can be found in MAPTIS.

Note: When released, NASA-STD-6004, Selection of Metallic Materials for Stress Corrosion
Cracking Resistance, may be used in place of MSFC-STD-3029.

4.2.2.1 Aluminum

a. Aluminum alloys used in structural applications shall be resistant to general

corrosion, pitting, intergranular corrosion, and stress corrosion cracking.

b. 5000-series alloys containing more than 3 percent magnesium shall not be used in
applications where the temperature exceeds 66 °C (150 °F), because grain boundary precipitation
above this temperature can create stress-corrosion sensitivity.

c. Heat treatment of aluminum alloy parts shall meet the requirements of SAE-AMS
2772, Heat Treatment of Aluminum Alloy Raw Materials, SAE-AMS 2770, Heat Treatment of
Wrought Aluminum Alloy Parts, or SAE-AMS 2771, Heat Treatment of Aluminum Alloy
Castings.

d. When aluminum alloys are solution heat-treated, process-control tensile-test coupons

shall be taken from the production part (or from the same material lot and processed identically
to the production part) to verify the adequacy of the heat treatment process.

e. The requirement for process control coupons shall be specified on the engineering
drawing for the part.

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4.2.2.2 Steel

Carbon and low alloy steels heat-treated to strength levels at or above 1240 MPa (180 ksi)
ultimate tensile strength (UTS) are sensitive to stress corrosion and shall not be used without an
approved MUA.

Note: Many applications are covered by Category III MUA rationale code 506 (see Appendix
B).

4.2.2.2.1 Heat Treatment of Steels

a. Steel parts shall be heat-treated to meet the requirements of SAE-AMS-H-6875, Heat

Treatment of Steel Raw Materials, or SAE-AMS 2759, Heat Treatment of Steel Parts, General
Requirements.

b. When high-strength steels (>200 ksi (1380 MPa) UTS), tool steels, and maraging
steel alloys are heat-treated to high strength levels, process-control tensile-test coupons shall be
taken from the production part (or from the same material lot and processed identically to the
production part) to verify the adequacy of the heat treatment process.

(1) The requirement for process control coupons shall be specified on the engineering
drawing for the part.

(2) For all other steels (including alloy steels), the adequacy of the heat treatment
process shall be verified by hardness measurements.

(3) Hardenability limits of low alloy steels shall be taken into consideration when
design is constrained by part size and uniformity of material mechanical
properties.

c. When acid cleaning baths or plating processes are used, the part shall be baked in
accordance with SAE-AMS 2759/9, Hydrogen Embrittlement Relief (Baking) of Steel Parts, to
alleviate potential hydrogen embrittlement problems.

4.2.2.2.2 Drilling and Grinding of High Strength Steel

a. The drilling of holes, including beveling and spot facing, in martensitic steel hardened
to 1340 MPa (180 ksi) UTS or above, shall be avoided.

b. When such drilling, machining, reaming, or grinding is unavoidable, carbide-tipped

tooling and other techniques necessary to avoid formation of untempered martensite shall be
used.

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c. Micro-hardness and metallurgical examination of test specimens typical of the part

shall be used to verify that martensite areas have not been formed as a result of drilling or
grinding operations, or temper etch actual hardware in lieu of destructive test.

d. The edges of the drilled holes shall be deburred by a method that has been
demonstrated not to cause untempered martensite.

e. The surface roughness of finished holes shall not be greater than 63 roughness-height
ratio.

4.2.2.2.3 Corrosion Resistant Steel

a. Unstabilized, austenitic steels shall not be used above 371 °C (700 °F).

b. Welded assemblies shall be solution heat-treated and quenched after welding except
for the stabilized or low carbon grades such as 321, 347, 316L, and 304L.

c. Service-related corrosion issues are common for free-machining alloys such as 303,
and these alloys shall not be used in applications where they can get wet.

4.2.2.3 Titanium

4.2.2.3.1 Heat Treatment

a. Heat treatment of titanium and titanium alloy parts shall meet the requirements of
SAE-AMS-H-81200, Heat Treatment of Titanium and Titanium Alloys.

b. When titanium alloys are heat treated, process-control tensile-test coupons shall be
taken from the production part (or from the same material lot and processed identically to the
production part) to verify the adequacy of the heat treatment process.

c. The requirement for process control coupons shall be specified on the engineering
drawing for the part.

4.2.2.3.2 Titanium Contamination

a. All cleaning fluids and other chemicals used during manufacturing and processing of
titanium hardware shall be verified to be compatible and not detrimental to performance before use.

Hydrochloric acid, chlorinated solvents, chlorinated cutting fluids, fluorinated hydrocarbons,

and anhydrous methyl alcohol can all produce stress corrosion cracking. Mercury, cadmium,
silver, and gold have been shown to cause liquid-metal-induced embrittlement and/or solid-
metal-induced embrittlement in titanium and its alloys. Liquid-metal-induced embrittlement of

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titanium alloys by cadmium can occur as low as 149 °C (300 °F), and solid-metal-induced
embrittlement of titanium alloys by cadmium can occur as low as room temperature.

b. The surfaces of titanium and titanium alloy mill products shall be 100 percent
machined, chemically milled, or pickled to a sufficient depth to remove all contaminated zones
and layers formed while the material was at elevated temperature.

Contaminated zones and layers may be formed as a result of mill processing, heat treating, and
elevated temperature-forming operations.

4.2.2.3.3 Titanium Wear

Titanium and its alloys exhibit very poor resistance to wear. Fretting that occurs at interfaces
with titanium and its alloys has often contributed to crack initiation, especially fatigue initiation.
The preferred policy is a design that avoids fretting and/or wear with titanium and its alloys.

If fretting and/or wear is unavoidable, the subject region shall be anodized per SAE-AMS 2488,
Anodic Treatment – Titanium and Titanium Alloys Solution, pH 13 or Higher, or hard-coated
utilizing a wear-resistance material such as tungsten carbide/cobalt thermal spray.

4.2.2.3.4 Titanium Welding

a. Titanium and its alloys shall be welded with alloy-matching fillers or autogenously.

b. Extra Low Interstitial (ELI) filler wires shall be used for cryogenic applications and
are preferred for general applications.

c. Commercially Pure (CP) titanium filler shall not be used on 6-4 titanium or other
alloyed base material; hydride formation can occur in the weld, which can produce a brittle,
catastrophic failure.

d. Nitrogen, hydrogen, carbon dioxide, and mixtures containing these gases shall not be
used in welding titanium and its alloys.

A great deal of care needs to be exercised to ensure complete inert gas (argon or helium)
coverage during welding.

(1) The inert gas shall have a dew point of -60º C (-76º F) or lower.

e. Welded alpha and alpha-plus-beta alloys shall be stress relieved in a vacuum or inert
gas environment (Ar or He).

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f. Beta alloys that are welded shall be evaluated on a case-by-case basis with respect to
stress relief.

4.2.2.3.5 Titanium Flammability

a. Titanium alloys shall not be used with LOX or GOX at any pressure or with air at
oxygen partial pressures above 35 kPa (5 psia).

b. Titanium alloys shall not be machined inside spacecraft modules during ground
processing or in flight, because machining operations can ignite titanium turnings and cause fire.

4.2.2.4 Magnesium

a. Magnesium alloys shall not be used except in areas where minimal exposure to
corrosive environments can be expected and protection systems can be maintained with ease and
high reliability.

b. Magnesium alloys shall not be used in primary structure or in other areas subject to
wear, abuse, foreign object damage, abrasion, erosion, or at any location where fluid or moisture
entrapment is possible.

c. Magnesium alloys shall not be machined inside spacecraft modules during ground
processing or in flight, because machining operations can ignite magnesium turnings and cause
fire.

4.2.2.5 Beryllium

a. Beryllium shall not be used for primary structural applications.

Beryllium is allowed as an alloying constituent up to 4 percent by weight.

b. Beryllium alloys containing more than 4 percent beryllium by weight shall not be
used for any application within spacecraft crew compartments unless suitably protected to
prevent erosion or formation of salts or oxides.

c. Design of beryllium parts shall include consideration of its low-impact resistance and
notch sensitivity, particularly at low temperatures, and its directional material properties
(anisotropy) and sensitivity to surface finish requirements.

d. All beryllium parts shall be processed to ensure complete removal of the damaged
layer (twins and microcracks) produced by surface-metal-working operations such as machining
and grinding.

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Chemical/milling and etching are recognized successful processes for removal of the damaged
layer.

e. Beryllium alloys and oxides of beryllium shall not be machined inside spacecraft
crew compartments at any stage of manufacturing, assembly, testing, modification, or operation.

f. All beryllium parts shall be penetrant-inspected for crack-like flaws with a high-
sensitivity fluorescent dye penetrant in accordance with section 4.2.5.

4.2.2.6 Cadmium

a. Cadmium shall not be used in crew or vacuum environments.

b. Cadmium-plated tools shall not be used in the manufacture of flight hardware.

4.2.2.7 Zinc

a. Zinc shall not be used in vacuum environments where the temperature/pressure

environment could cause contamination of optical surfaces or electrical devices.

b. Owing to zinc’s ability to grow whiskers, zinc plating shall not be used.

4.2.2.8 Mercury

a. Owing to its potential for causing liquid-metal embrittlement, equipment containing

mercury shall not be used where the mercury could come in contact with the spacecraft or
spaceflight equipment during manufacturing, assembly, test, checkout, and flight.

b. Flight hardware (including fluorescent lamps) containing mercury shall have three
levels of containment to prevent mercury leakage.

c. The bulbs of nonflight lamps containing mercury, such as those used in hardware
ground processing and fluorescent dye penetrant inspection of flight parts, shall be protected by a
nonshatterable, leak-proof outer container.

4.2.2.9 Refractory Metals

a. Since engineering data on refractory alloys (alloys with a melting point above 2000 °C
(3600 °F), plus osmium and iridium) are limited, especially under extreme environmental
conditions of spacecraft, an MUA shall be required for all applications of such alloys.

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b. Appropriate tests shall be performed to characterize the material for the intended
application and the data documented in the MUA.

4.2.2.10 Superalloys (Nickel-Based and Cobalt-Based)

a. High-nickel content alloys are susceptible to sulfur embrittlement; therefore, any

foreign material which could contain sulfur, such as oils, grease, and cutting lubricants, shall be
removed by suitable means prior to heat treatment, welding, or high temperature service.

Some of the precipitation-hardening superalloys are susceptible to alloying element depletion at

the surface in a high temperature, oxidizing environment.

b. The effect of alloying element depletion at the surface in a high temperature,

oxidizing environment shall be carefully evaluated when a thin sheet of one of these alloys is
used, since a slight amount of depletion could involve a considerable proportion of the effective
cross section of the material.

4.2.2.10.1 Heat Treatment of Nickel- and Cobalt-Based Alloys

a. Heat treatment of nickel- and cobalt-based alloy parts shall meet the requirements of
SAE-AMS 2774, Heat Treatment, Wrought Nickel Alloy and Cobalt Alloy Parts.

b. When nickel- and cobalt-based alloys are work strengthened before age hardening,
resulting in age-hardened tensile strengths greater than 1030 MPa (150 ksi) UTS, process-control
tensile-test coupons shall be taken from the production part (or from the same material lot and
processed identically to the production part) to verify the adequacy of the heat treatment process.

c. The requirement for process control coupons shall be specified on the engineering
drawing for the part.

d. When tensile test coupons are not required, the adequacy of the heat treatment
process shall be verified by hardness measurements.

4.2.2.11 Tin

a. Tin and tin plating shall not be used in any applications unless the tin is alloyed with
at least 3 percent lead to prevent tin whisker growth.

b. The presence of at least 3 percent lead shall be verified by lot sampling.

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4.2.3 Nonmetallic Materials

4.2.3.1 Elastomeric Materials

a. Elastomeric materials shall be selected to operate within design parameters for the life
of the vehicle after a storage time of 5 years.

b. Elastomeric materials shall be cure-dated for tracking purposes.

c. Room Temperature Vulcanizing (RTV) silicones that liberate acetic acid during cure
shall not be used since they can cause corrosion.

d. When rubbers or elastomers are used at low temperatures, the ability of these
materials to maintain and provide required elastomeric properties shall be verified.

e. Natural rubber materials shall not be used.

4.2.3.2 Polyvinylchloride

a. Use of polyvinylchloride on flight hardware shall be limited to applications in

pressurized areas where temperatures do not exceed 49 °C (120 °F).

b. Polyvinylchloride shall not be used in a vacuum.

4.2.3.3 Composite Materials

a. Materials used in composite structures shall be developed and qualified in accordance

with the methods in MIL-HDBK-17-1, -2, -3, -4, and -5.

b. Material property design allowables for composites shall be developed using the
methodology described in MIL-HDBK-17-1, -2, -3, -4, and -5.

4.2.3.4 Lubricants

a. NASA-TM-86556, Lubrication Handbook For the Space Industry, Part A: Solid

Lubricants, Part B: Liquid Lubricants, shall be used in the evaluation and selection of lubricants
for space flight systems and components.

Lubricants are not restricted to those listed in NASA-TM-86556; guidelines on additional

lubricants are contained in NASA/CR-2005-213424, Lubrication for Space Applications.

b. Long-life performance shall be considered in lubricant selection.

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c. Lubricants containing chloro-fluoro components shall not be used with aluminum or

magnesium if shear stresses can be imposed.

d. Hardware with lubricants containing chloro-fluoro components shall not be heated

above the maximum rated temperature of the lubricant, because decomposition/reaction products
can attack metallic materials.

4.2.3.5 Limited-Life Items

a. All materials shall be selected to meet the useful life (to include storage life, installed
life in a nonoperating mode, and operational service life) of the hardware with no maintenance.

b. Materials that are not expected to meet the design life requirements but must be used
for functional reasons shall be identified as limited-life items, requiring maintainability.

4.2.3.6 Thermal Vacuum Stability

a. Nonmetallic materials that are exposed to space vacuum shall be tested using the
technique of ASTM-E595, Total Mass Loss and Collected Volatile Condensable Materials From
Outgassing in a Vacuum Environment, Standard Test Method for, with acceptance criteria of
≤0.1 percent collected volatile condensable materials (CVCM) and ≤1.0 percent total mass loss
(TML).

A TML greater than 1.0 percent is permitted if this mass loss has no effect on the functionality of
the material itself and no effect on the functionality of any materials, components, or systems
that could be adversely affected by the subject mass loss.

b. Materials that are line of sight to contamination-sensitive surfaces on the spacecraft or

attached vehicles shall have a ≤0.01 percent CVCM.

Contamination-sensitive surfaces include windows, lenses, star trackers, solar arrays, radiators,
and other surfaces with highly controlled optical properties.

c. Hardware items (components, assemblies, etc.) containing materials that fail the
CVCM requirement and/or having unidentified materials, shall be vacuum baked at a
temperature of 125 ºC (257 ºF) until the outgassing condensation rate, as measured by a quartz
crystal microbalance at 25 ºC (77 ºF), is less than 1 x 10-9 g cm-2 s-1.

When a vacuum-bake temperature of 125 ºC (257 ºF) could damage flight hardware, lower
temperatures may be used with an approved MUA.

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(1) The test chamber shall be verified to have a background outgassing condensation rate
less than 6 x 10-10 g cm-2 s-1 before hardware exposure, and the test pressure shall be
less than 5 x 10-5 torr.

(2) A hardware functionality bench test shall be performed to re-verify performance after
baking.

4.2.3.7 External Environment Survivability

a. Materials exposed in the spacecraft external environment shall be selected to perform

in that environment for their intended life-cycle exposure.

b. The critical properties of the material shall survive exposure to the environments of
atomic oxygen, solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation, ionizing radiation, plasma, vacuum, thermal
cycling, and contamination.

c. Critical properties shall survive exposure to applicable planetary environments, such

as dust and planetary atmospheres.

d. Meteoroids and orbital debris shall also be considered in the analysis of long-term
degradation.

4.2.3.8 Fungus Resistance

a. Organic materials used in the pressurized environment shall be evaluated for fungus
resistance prior to selection and qualification.

b. Materials that are nonnutrient to fungi shall be used, as identified in MIL-HDBK-454,

General Guidelines for Electronic Equipment, Requirement 4, Fungus-Inert Materials, Table 4-I,
Group I, except when one of the following criteria is met:

(1) Materials have been tested to demonstrate acceptability per MIL-STD-810,

Department of Defense Test Method Standard for Environmental Engineering
Considerations and Laboratory Tests, Method 508.

(2) Materials are used in crew areas, where fungus would be visible and easily
removed.

(3) Materials are used inside environmentally sealed containers with internal
container humidity less than 60 percent relative humidity (RH) at ambient
conditions.

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(4) Materials are used inside electrical boxes where the temperature is always greater
than or equal to the ambient cabin temperature.

(5) Materials have edge exposure only.

(6) Materials are normally stowed with no risk of condensation in stowage locations.

(7) Materials are used on noncritical, off-the-shelf electrical/electronic hardware that

is stowed and/or used in crew areas.

(8) Materials are fluorocarbon polymers (including ETFE) or silicones.

(9) Materials are used in crew clothing items.

c. When fungus-nutrient materials shall be used, they shall be treated to prevent fungus
growth.

d. Materials not meeting this requirement shall be identified including any action
required such as inspection, maintenance, or replacement periods.

e. Fungus treatment shall not adversely affect unit performance or service life or
constitute a health hazard to higher order life.

f. Materials so treated shall be protected from environments that would be sufficient to

leach out the protective agent.

4.2.3.9 Glycols

a. When solutions containing ethylene or propylene glycol are used aboard spacecraft
that have electrical or electronic circuits containing silver or silver-coated copper, a silver
chelating agent such as benzotriazole (BZT) shall be added to the solution to prevent
spontaneous ignition from the reaction of silver with the glycol.

b. When solutions containing other glycols (aliphatic dihydric alcohols) are used in
these conditions, testing shall be conducted to determine if the same spontaneous ignition
reaction can occur as with ethylene and propylene glycol.

c. A silver chelating agent shall be added to the solution, if ignition can occur.

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4.2.3.10 Etching Fluorocarbons

a. The etching of fluorocarbons shall meet the requirements of SAE-AMS 2491, Surface
Treatment of Polytetrafluoroethylene, Preparation for Bonding.

b. Etched surfaces shall be processed within 24 hours or packaged per

SAE-AMS 2491.

c. Etched surfaces packaged per SAE-AMS 2491 shall be processed within 1 year.

d. Electrical wire or cable insulated or coated with fluorocarbons shall be etched prior to
potting to ensure mechanical bond strength and environmental seal.

e. When etching of wire insulation is required to provide satisfactory bonding to potting

materials, the open end of the wire shall not be exposed to the etchant.

4.2.4 Processes

4.2.4.1 Forging

a. Because mechanical properties are optimum in the direction of material flow during
forging, forging techniques shall be used that produce an internal grain-flow pattern such that the
direction of flow is essentially parallel to the principal stresses, whenever possible.

b. If forging techniques do not allow for the direction of the flow to be parallel to the
principal stresses, parts shall be designed such that the weakest grain flow direction is not in line
with the principal stresses.

c. The forging pattern shall be essentially free from re-entrant and sharply folded flow
lines.

d. After the forging technique, including degree of working, is established, the first
production forging shall be sectioned to show the grain-flow patterns and to determine
mechanical properties at control areas.

e. The procedure shall be repeated after any change in the forging technique.

f. The information gained from this effort shall be utilized to redesign the forging as
necessary.

g. These data and results of tests on the redesign shall be retained and made available
for review by the procuring activity.

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h. Where forgings are used in critical applications, first-article (preproduction) approval

shall be obtained from the procuring authority.

i. First-article approval and the controls to be exercised in producing subsequent

production forgings shall be in accordance with SAE-AMS 2375, Control of Forgings Requiring
First Article Approval.

j. In addition, trim ring or protrusion specimens shall be obtained for each forging and
shall be tested for required minimum mechanical properties.

k. Surface and volumetric nondestructive inspection (NDI) shall also be performed.

4.2.4.2 Castings

Castings shall meet the requirements of SAE-AMS-2175, Castings, Classification and Inspection of.

4.2.4.3 Adhesive Bonding

a. Structural adhesive bonding shall meet MSFC-SPEC-445, Adhesive Bonding,

Process, and Inspection, Requirements for.

Retesting of adhesives used for production parts is not required if they are within shelf life.

b. Structural adhesive bonding processes shall be controlled to prevent contamination

that would cause structural failure that could affect the safety of the mission, crew, or vehicle or
affect mission success.

The sensitivity of structural adhesive bonds to contamination is of particular concern.

(1) Bond sensitivity studies shall be conducted to verify that the required adhesive
properties are maintained after exposure to potential contaminant species and
concentrations.

(2) Adequate in-process cleanliness inspections shall be conducted as part of the

bonding process.

c. Bonded primary structural joints shall demonstrate cohesive failure modes in shear.

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4.2.4.4 Welding

a. The design selection of parent materials and weld methods shall be based on
consideration of the weldments, including adjacent heat-affected zones, as they affect operational
capability of the parts concerned.

b. Welding procedures shall be selected to provide the required weld quality, minimum
weld energy input, and protection of the heated metal from contamination.

c. The suitability of the equipment, processes, welding supplies, and supplementary

treatments selected shall be demonstrated through qualification testing of welded specimens
representing the materials and joint configuration of production parts.

d. The processing and quality assurance requirements for manual, automatic, and
semiautomatic welding for space flight applications shall meet the requirements of NASA-STD-
5006, General Fusion Welding Requirements for Aerospace Materials Used in Flight Hardware.

These welding processes include, but are not limited to, arc welding, solid state welding,
resistance welding, and high energy density welding.

4.2.4.5 Brazing

a. Brazing shall be conducted in accordance with AWS C-3.3, Design, Manufacture,

and Examination of Critical Brazed Components, Recommended Practices for.

b. Brazing of aluminum alloys shall meet the requirements of AWS C-3.7M/C3.7,

Specification for Aluminum Brazing.

c. Torch, induction, and furnace brazing shall meet the requirements of AWS C-3.4,
Specification for Torch Brazing; AWS C-3.5, Specification for Induction Brazing; and
AWS C-3.6, Specification for Furnace Brazing, respectively.

d. Subsequent fusion-welding operations in the vicinity of brazed joints or other

operations involving high temperatures that might affect the brazed joint shall be prohibited
unless it can be demonstrated that the fixturing, processes, methods, and/or procedures employed
will preclude degradation of the brazed joint.

e. Brazed joints shall be designed for shear loading and not be relied upon for strength
in axial loading for structural parts.

f. The shear strength of brazed joints shall be evaluated in accordance with AWS
C3.2M/C3.2, Standard Method for Evaluating the Strength of Brazed Joints.

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g. For furnace brazing of complex configurations, such as heat exchangers and cold
plates, destructive testing shall be conducted on pre-production brazed joints to verify that the
braze layer that extends beyond the fillet area is continuous and forms a uniform phase.

4.2.4.6 Structural Soldering

Soldering shall not be used for structural applications.

4.2.4.7 Electrical Discharge Machining and Laser Machining

a. Electrical-discharge machining (EDM) and laser machining (LM) processes shall be

controlled to limit the depth of the oxide layer, the recast layer, and the heat-affected zone.

(1) The oxide layer shall be removed from the surface.

(2) In addition, the recast layer and the heat-affected zone shall be removed from
bearing, wear, fatigue or fracture-critical surfaces, and from crack- or notch-
sensitive materials.

The recast layer and heat-affected zone may be left on a part if an engineering evaluation shows
that they are not of consequence to the required performance of the part.

b. EDM/LM schedules shall be qualified to determine the maximum thickness of the

affected layers when the depth of the affected material must be known for removal or analysis.

4.2.5 Material Nondestructive Inspection (NDI)

4.2.5.1 Nondestructive Evaluation (NDE) Plan

a. The NDE Plan shall address the process for establishment, implementation,
execution, and control of NDE through design, manufacturing, operations, and maintenance of
flight hardware.

b. The plan shall meet the intent of MIL-HDBK-6870, Inspection Program

Requirements, Nondestructive for Aircraft and Missile Materials and Parts, and the requirements
of NASA-STD-5009, Nondestructive Evaluation Requirements for Fracture-Critical Metallic
Components.

In case of conflict between the requirements of the two standards, the requirements of NASA-
STD-5009 are applicable.

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c. Qualification and certification of personnel involved in nondestructive testing shall

comply with NAS 410, NAS Certification and Qualification of Nondestructive Test Personnel.

4.2.5.2 NDE Etching

a. All metallic fracture-critical parts shall be NDE etched prior to fluorescent dye-
penetrant inspection.

b. All machined or otherwise mechanically disturbed surfaces that are to be penetrant

inspected shall be adequately etched to assure removal of smeared, masking material prior to
penetrant application on fracture-critical parts.

4.2.5.3 Nickel Plating

a. Electrodeposited nickel plating shall be applied according to the requirements of

SAE-AMS 2403 (general purpose nickel plating) or SAE-AMS 2423 (nickel hard coat).

b. Electroless nickel plate shall be applied per SAE-AMS 2404.

c. The nickel-aluminum interface in nickel-plated aluminum shall be protected from

exposure to corrosive environments.

Nickel and aluminum form a strong galvanic cell at the nickel-aluminum interface, and exposure
of the aluminum alloy to a corrosive environment can produce rapid disbonding of the nickel
plate.

4.2.6 Special Materials Requirements

4.2.6.1 Residual Stresses

Residual tensile stresses are induced into manufactured parts as a result of forging, machining,
heat treating, welding, special metal-removal processes, or the straightening of warped parts.
Residual stresses may be harmful in structural applications when the part is subjected to fatigue
loading, operation stresses, or corrosive environments.

a. Residual stresses shall be controlled or minimized during the fabrication sequence by

special treatments such as annealing and stress relieving.

b. When residual stresses do remain in structural or stress-corrosion-sensitive hardware,

they shall be accounted for in structural analyses and corrosion/stress-corrosion assessments.

Residual stresses should be quantified by an appropriate technique (such as x-ray diffraction).

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c. The use of stress equalization in concert with the straightening of warped parts shall
require an approved MUA.

4.2.6.2 Sandwich Assemblies

a. Sandwich assemblies shall be designed to prevent the entrance and entrapment of

water vapor or other contaminants into the core structure.

b. Honeycomb sandwich assemblies that will be subjected to heating shall use a metallic
or glass-reinforced core to minimize the absorption of moisture.

c. Perforated and moisture-absorbing cores shall not be used in sandwich assemblies.

d. Test methods for sandwich constructions and core materials shall meet the
requirements of SAE-AMS-STD-401, Sandwich Constructions and Core Materials: General
Test Methods.

4.2.6.3 Corrosion Prevention and Control

a. All parts, assemblies, and equipment, including spares, shall be finished to provide
protection from corrosion in accordance with the requirements of MSFC-SPEC-250, Protective
Finishes for Space Vehicle Structures and Associated Flight Equipment, General Specification
for.
b. Corrosion control of galvanic couples shall be in accordance with MIL-STD-889,
Dissimilar Metals.

c. Galvanic couples for alloy combinations not listed in MIL-STD-889 shall not exceed
0.25 volts.

d. The following additional requirements shall be implemented for human-rated

spacecraft hardware:

(1) Faying surfaces of metal alloys shall be sealed for Classes I, II, & III protective
finish classes.

(2) All contacts between graphite-based composites and metallic materials shall be
treated as dissimilar metal couples and sealed per MSFC-SPEC-250.

(3) All electrical bonding connections shall be faying-surface sealed, except for
nickel-plated surfaces utilized in Class III applications.

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For hardware in the mild corrosive environment of standard habitable spacecraft volumes where
condensation is precluded, the following changes may be made:

Exposed aluminum surfaces may have anodic coatings instead of the organic coatings specified
in MSFC-SPEC-250. Conversion coatings may be used as the sole corrosion protection for
5000 and 6000 series corrosion-resistant aluminum alloys. They are not acceptable as the sole
corrosion protection for 2000 and 7000 series aluminum alloys.

e. For human-rated spacecraft hardware, corrosion prevention and control techniques

shall be implemented to protect the hardware from corrosion as a result of exposure to
manufacturing, storage, installation, and service environments.

(1) These techniques shall include the application of engineering design and analysis,
quality assurance, NDI, manufacturing, operations, and support technologies used
to prevent the initiation of corrosion, avoid functional impairment due to
corrosion, and provide processes for the tracking and repair of corrosion.

(2) Specific corrosion prevention and control techniques shall be defined in the
Materials and Processes Selection, Control, and Implementation Plan.

4.2.6.3.1 Passivation

Corrosion-resistant steels shall be passivated after machining.

4.2.6.3.2 Sealing

Removable panels and access doors in exterior or interior corrosive environments shall be sealed
either by mechanical seals or by separable, faying-surface sealing.

4.2.6.4 Hydrogen Embrittlement

a. When designing liquid or gaseous hydrogen systems, the degradation of metallic

materials properties by hydrogen embrittlement shall be addressed in the Materials and Processes
Selection, Control, and Implementation Plan.

Overall, hydrogen embrittlement of materials is not very well understood, and there are only
limited materials property data generated and reported in MAPTIS.

b. An MUA shall be written rationalizing the selection of metallic materials to preclude

cracking and to ensure system reliability and safety.

Test data may have to be generated in a simulated environment to support the rationale.

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Guidelines for the design of safe hydrogen systems are contained in ANSI/AIAA G-095, Guide to
Safety of Hydrogen and Hydrogen Systems.

c. Electrochemical processes or exposure to acids or bases during manufacturing or

processing shall be controlled to prevent hydrogen embrittlement, or embrittlement relief
treatment shall be performed promptly after processing (see section 4.2.2.2.1).

Hydrogen embrittlement of metallic materials can also be caused by electrochemical processes

or exposure to acids or bases during manufacturing or processing.

4.2.6.5 Fastener Installation

a. Self-locking fastener reuse shall be allowed when the running torque prior to clamp-up
remains between the maximum self-locking torque and the minimum breakaway torque.

b. Fasteners shall be wet installed when exposed to aqueous corrosive environments

and/or applications where condensation can occur.

(1) Wet installation of fasteners shall be performed using a corrosion-resistant sealant

and installing the fastener while the sealant is still wet.

c. Fastener management and control policy, responsibilities, and practices for structural
fasteners, fracture-critical fasteners, and safety-critical fasteners that are procured, received, tested,
inventoried, or installed for space flight shall meet the requirements of NASA-STD-6008, NASA
Fastener Procurement, Receiving Inspection, and Storage Practices for Spaceflight Hardware.

d. The installation of titanium fasteners and associated parts shall meet the requirements
of MSFC-STD-557, Threaded Fasteners, 6 Al-4V Titanium Alloy, Usage Criteria for Spacecraft
Applications.

4.2.6.5.1 Liquid Locking Compound

a. Liquid locking compounds shall not be used as secondary locking features on safety-
critical fasteners2.

b. Liquid locking compounds used as a secondary locking feature in non-safety-critical

applications shall require a validated process specified on the engineering drawing.

2
For the purposes of this requirement, “safety-critical” fasteners are defined as
(a) All primary or secondary structural fasteners used in the exterior and interior of flight modules.
(b) All non-structural fasteners used exterior to flight modules, which may pose a FOD risk to vehicle operations
and which have not been vibration tested during qualification or acceptance of the hardware.

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4.2.6.5.2 Silver-Plated Fasteners

Silver reacts rapidly with atomic oxygen to generate a loose, friable, black oxide that can cause
contamination and affect the operation of mechanisms.

Silver-plated fasteners shall not be used in external applications where the silver plating is
directly exposed to atomic oxygen.

4.2.6.6 Contamination Control

a. A contamination control plan shall be generated in accordance with the guidelines of

ASTM E1548, Standard Practice for Preparation of Aerospace Contamination Control Plans.

b. The contamination control plan shall include controls on contamination-sensitive

manufacturing processes such as adhesive bonding, controls on packaging for shipment and
storage, and a foreign-object-debris (FOD) prevention program.

c. The FOD prevention program shall be established for all ground operations of
mechanical and electrical systems of flight hardware including the design, development,
manufacturing, assembly, repair, processing, testing, maintenance, operation, and check out of
the equipment to ensure the highest practical level of cleanliness.

d. The FOD prevention program shall conform to NAS 412, Foreign Object
Damage/Foreign Object Debris (FOD) Prevention.

e. Cleanliness levels for all hardware shall be identified on the engineering drawings.

4.2.6.7 Packaging

Packaging shall protect hardware from corrosion and contamination during shipping and storage.

4.3 Verification

a. Verification of compliance with the requirements of this document shall consist of the
following steps as a minimum:

(1) NASA approval of the contractor Materials and Processes Selection,

Implementation, and Control Plan and other applicable materials data
requirements documents, such as the Contamination Control Plan and NDE Plan.

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(2) Contractor M&P signature on engineering drawings to verify compliance with the
requirements of this document or the Materials and Processes Selection,
Implementation, and Control Plan.

(3) NASA audits of contractor M&P activities relating to hardware design and
manufacturing.

(4) Establishment and operation of the M&P control board in accordance with section
4.1.1.5 of this standard.

(5) NASA approval of MUAs.

(6) NASA approval of MIULs.

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APPENDIX A
TYPICAL MUA FORM

C USAGE AGREEMENT NO. REV

MATERIAL USAGE AGREEMENT
PAGE OF
PROJECT: SYSTEM: CATEGORY: ORIGINATOR: ORGANIZATION/CONTRACTOR:

PART NUMBER(S): USING ASSEMBLY(S): ITEM DESCRIPTION: ISSUE:

MATERIAL DESIGNATION: MANUFACTURER: SPECIFICATION: PROPOSED EFFECTIVITY:

MATERIAL CODE: LOCATION: ENVIRONMENT:

THICKNESS: WEIGHT: EXPOSED AREA HABITABLE PRESSURE PSIA: TEMP.F: MEDIA:

NONHABITABLE

APPLICATION:

RATIONALE: (use second page if required.)

MATERIAL USAGE AGREEMENT DISPOSITION

CONTRACTOR TIER 1 CONTRACTOR PRIME NASA PROJECT MGR. NASA M & P

DATE APPROVE REJECT DEFER MEMO NO.:

EFFECTIVITY:

ORIGINATING CONTRACTOR

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APPENDIX B
CATEGORY III MUA RATIONALE CODES

FLAMMABILITY RATIONALE CODES

CODE RATIONALE
101 Approved Materials Usage Agreement (MUA) Category I.
102 Approved Materials Usage Agreement (MUA) Category II.
103 Materials passed requirements when tested in configuration.
104 Unexposed, overcoated, or sandwiched between nonflammable materials
and no ignition source or propagation path.
105 Minor usage (less than 45 g (0.1 lb) mass and 13 cm2 (2 in2) surface area);
no propagation path or ignition source.
106 Material is used in hermetically sealed container.
107 Passes test No. 10 of NASA-STD-(I)-6001, Flammability Test for
Materials in Vented Containers, by test or analysis.
108 Off-the-shelf equipment having material acceptable in configuration; no
ignition source or propagation path.
109 Material not exposed; totally immersed in fluid; evaluated for fluid
compatibility only.
110 Material is acceptable when used on a metal substrate that provides a good
heat sink. Material considered noncombustible in this configuration by test
or analysis.
111 Material is flammable but is sandwiched between nonflammable materials
with edges only exposed and is more than 5 cm (2 in) from an ignition
source or more than 30 cm (12 in) from other flammable materials.
112 Material is flammable but is unexposed or is overcoated with a
nonflammable material.
113 Material is flammable but has a thickness less than 0.25 mm (0.010 in) and
is sprayed or bonded to a metallic surface greater than 1.6 mm (0.062 in)
thick.
114 Material is flammable but is used in “small amounts” and is more than 5
cm (2 in) from an ignition source or more than 30.5 cm (12 in) from other
flammable materials. “Small amounts” for flammability may be quantified
as follows: total weight less than 45 g (0.1 lb) and less than 13 cm2 (2.0
in2) surface area.

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TOXICITY (OFFGASSING) RATIONALE CODES

CODE RATIONALE
201 Approved Material Usage Agreement (MUA) Category I.
202 Meets toxicity requirements with performed cure.
203 T value for material/component in usage weight is <0.5 for manned flight
compartment volume.
204 Materials usage in hermetically sealed container.

FLUID SYSTEM COMPATIBILITY RATIONALE CODES

CODE RATIONALE
301 Approved Material Usage Agreement (MUA) Category I.
302 Passes requirements in configuration.
303 Material is B-rated in MAPTIS (batch/lot testing required) but batch/lot
used in hardware passed test.
304 Approved Material Usage Agreement (MUA) Category II.

THERMAL VACUUM STABILITY RATIONALE CODES

CODE RATIONALE
401 Approved Material Usage Agreement (MUA) Category I.
402 Approved Material Usage Agreement (MUA) Category II.
403 VCM between 0.1 and 1.0 percent; exposed area is less than 13 cm2 (2 in2)
and not near a critical surface.
404 VCM >1.0 percent; exposed area is less than 1.6 cm2 (0.25 in2).
405 Unexposed, overcoated, or encapsulated with approved material.
406 Material is B-rated in MAPTIS (batch/lot testing required) but batch/lot
used in hardware cured to meet requirements.
407 Meets thermal vacuum stability requirements in configuration.
408 Materials usage in hermetically sealed container.
409 Material has VCM >0.1 percent but is enclosed in a sealed container
(maximum leak rate less than 1 x 10-4 cm3/sec).

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STRESS CORROSION CRACKING RATIONALE CODES

CODE RATIONALE
501 Approved Material Usage Agreement (MUA) Category I.
502 Approved Material Usage Agreement (MUA) Category II.
503 Maximum tensile stress <50% of yield strength for part on
electrical/electronic assemblies.
504 Martensitic or PH stainless steels used in ball bearing, race, or similar
applications where the primary loading is compressive.
505 Metal not listed in table 1 of MSFC-STD-3029 for stress corrosion
cracking is not exposed to a corrosive environment after final assembly
through end-item use.
506 Carbon and low alloy high strength steels greater than 1240 MPa (180 ksi)
used in ball bearings, springs, or similar applications where primary
loading is compressive, low tensile stresses, or history of satisfactory
performance.

CORROSION RATIONALE CODES

CODE RATIONALE
601 Approved Material Usage Agreement (MUA) Category I.
602 Approved Material Usage Agreement (MUA) Category II.
603 Adequately finished for corrosion protection.
604 Acceptable in use environment.
606 Electrical grounding required, cladding plus conversion coating adequate.
607 Thermal conductance and electrical bonding requirements preclude
painting. Conversion coating is adequate (for aluminum only).
608 Finished on a higher assembly.
609 Laminated shim - minimum exposure of corrosion resistant material.
610 Material does not meet the requirements of MSFC-SPEC-250, Class II, but
is treated or coated in a manner which meets or exceeds the requirements
of MSFC-SPEC-250. Actual surface treatment shall be listed.
611 Material does not meet the requirements of MSFC-SPEC-250, Class II, but
is not exposed to a corrosive environment after final assembly through end-
item use.
612 Welding of titanium alloy-to-alloy or commercially pure-to-alloy using
commercially pure filler metal in mixed alloy welds where hydrogen
embrittlement is not predicted in service.

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GENERAL CODES

CODE RATIONALE
702 Generic materials controlled by military or industry specification using
MAPTIS averages for ratings or test results. Material codes for generic
material shall be used.
703 Military specification or industry specification allowing several material
options where all options have acceptable ratings.

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APPENDIX C
RECOMMENDED DATA REQUIREMENTS DOCUMENTS

• Materials and Processes Selection, Implementation, and Control Plan.

• Material Usage Agreements (MUA).
• Materials and Processes Identification and Usage List (MIUL).
• Contamination Control Plan (CCP).
• Nondestructive Evaluation Plan (NDE).

Examples of DRD content are provided on the following pages. However, the specific DRDs
and the content of those DRDs should be tailored to each spacecraft program, and additional
DRDs may be appropriate.

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DATA REQUIREMENTS DESCRIPTION (DRD)

1. PROGRAM: 2. DRD NO.: XXXX

3. DATA TYPE: 1 4. DATE REVISED:
5. PAGE: 1
6. TITLE: Materials and Processes Selection, Control, and Implementation Plan

7. DESCRIPTION/USE:
This plan shall document the degree of conformance and method of implementation for each requirement in
this standard, identifying applicable in-house specifications used to comply with the requirement. It shall
also describe the methods used to control compliance with these requirements by subcontractors and
vendors. The Materials and Processes Selection, Control, and Implementation Plan, upon approval by the
procuring activity, shall become the Materials and Processes implementation document used for
verification.

8. DISTRIBUTION: As determined by the Contracting Officer.

9. INITIAL SUBMISSION: SRR

10. SUBMISSION FREQUENCY: Final at SDR

11. REMARKS:

12. INTERRELATIONSHIP: Parent SOW Paragraph: XXXX

13. DATA PREPARATION INFORMATION:

13.1 SCOPE:
The Materials and Processes Selection, Control, and Implementation Plan shall describe the hardware
developer’s activities involved in the identification, evaluation, documentation, and reporting of materials
and processes usage in space flight hardware, support hardware, and ground support equipment.

13.2 APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS:

NASA-STD-6016, Standard Materials and Processes Requirements for Spacecraft

13.3 CONTENTS:
The necessary interfaces with procuring activity in the operation of this plan shall be defined. The method
for materials control and verification of subcontractors and vendors shall be included in the hardware
developer's plan. As a minimum and as applicable, the plan shall address the following:

Conformance – The Plan shall address each applicable paragraph of NASA-STD-6016 and describe the
method of implementation and degree of conformance for each applicable requirement. If tailoring of the
requirements is planned or necessary, alternate approaches to NASA-STD-6016 may be submitted in this
plan, which meet or exceed the stated requirements. This tailoring approach will allow for NASA approval
of alternate requirements.

Hardware Developer's Organization - Authority shall be assigned to an individual or group who shall be
responsible for review and approval of all M&P specified prior to release of engineering documentation.

Materials and Processes Identification - Identification and documentation of the M&P used, both in the
original design and in any changes, shall be contained in the Material and Process Identification and Usage
List DRD.

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Testing - Logic, procedures and data documentation for any proposed test program to support materials
screening and verification testing. Any material/process testing to be performed by the hardware developer
shall require prior NASA approval.

Materials Usage Agreement (MUA) Procedures - Logic, procedures and documentation involved in
documenting and approving materials/processes as indicated in NASA-STD-6016 shall be defined,
including those that do not meet the established requirements, but are proposed for use due to lack of
replacement materials/processes or other considerations and shall be contained in the Materials Usage
Agreement DRD.

Material Design Properties – The plan shall contain the philosophy describing how material properties will
be determined, and if those properties do not exist, how the material properties will be developed including,
but not limited to the statistical approaches to be employed.

Process Controls – The plan shall identify all process specifications used to implement specific
requirements in NASA-STD-6016. All materials processes used in manufacturing shall be documented in
process specifications and all applicable process specifications shall be identified on the engineering
drawing. Each processing step in the process specification shall be identified in a level of detail that
ensures the process is repeatable.

13.4 FORMAT: Electronic, Word®-compatible document or Adobe® PDF. For each paragraph in section 4 of
NASA-STD-6016, the plan shall state the requirement from NASA-STD-6016, identify the degree of
conformance under the subheading “Degree of Conformance,” and identify the method of implementation
under the subheading “Method of Implementation.”

13.5 MAINTENANCE: Contractor-proposed changes to document shall be submitted to NASA for approval.
Complete re-issue of the document is required.

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DATA REQUIREMENTS DESCRIPTION (DRD)

1. PROGRAM: 2. DRD NO.: XXXX

3. DATA TYPE: 1 (Category I and II MUAs) 4. DATE REVISED:
2 (Category III MUAs) 5. PAGE: 1
6. TITLE: Materials Usage Agreements (MUA)

7. DESCRIPTION/USE:
MUAs shall be submitted for all materials and processes that are technically acceptable but do not meet the
technical requirements of NASA-STD-6016, as implemented by the approved Materials and Processes
Selection, Control, and Implementation Plan. [The use of materials and processes that do not comply with
the technical requirements of this standard may be technically acceptable if hardware reliability and vehicle
safety are not affected.]

8. DISTRIBUTION: As determined by the Contracting Officer.

9. INITIAL SUBMISSION: PDR.

10. SUBMISSION FREQUENCY: At PDR and as the need for new MUAs is identified during the detailed
design process. MUAs shall be revised and resubmitted whenever design modifications affect the part
numbers identified on the MUA or the MUA rationale.

11. REMARKS:

12. INTERRELATIONSHIP: Parent SOW Paragraph: XXXX

13. DATA PREPARATION INFORMATION:

13.1 SCOPE:
MUAs shall be submitted as described below.

Category I MUAs – Category I MUAs are those that involve material/processes usage that could affect the
safety of the mission, crew, or vehicle or affect the mission success, but must be used for functional
reasons. Approval by the responsible NASA Materials and Processes organization and the NASA
Program/Project Office shall be required.

Category II MUAs - Category II MUAs are those that involve material/processes usage that fails a
screening of Material and Processes requirements and is not considered a hazard in its use application but
for which no Category III rationale code exists. Approval by the responsible NASA Materials and
Processes organization shall be required.

Category III MUAs - Category III MUAs are those that involve materials or processes that have not been
shown to meet these requirements but have an approved rationale code listed in Appendix B of NASA-
STD-6016. They are evaluated and determined to be acceptable at the configuration/part level. Category
III MUAs shall be reported in the Materials Identification and Usage List (MIUL) system or electronic data
system utilizing the approved rationale codes in Appendix B. A key may be provided to correlate contractor
Category III MUA database codes to the codes in Appendix B. No MUA form is submitted. [Category III
MUAs are identified here for completeness, but are not required until after PDR.]

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13.2 APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS:

NASA-STD-6016, Standard Materials and Processes Requirements for Spacecraft
MSFC-STD-3029, Guidelines for the Selection of Metallic Materials for Stress Corrosion Cracking
Resistance in Sodium Chloride Environments

13.3 CONTENTS:
The MUA package shall include all technical information required to justify the application. MUAs for
stress corrosion shall include a Stress Corrosion Cracking Evaluation Form per MSFC-STD-3029 (see
NASA-STD-6016) and a stress analysis.

13.4 FORMAT: Electronic. A sample MUA form is provided in NASA-STD-6016; however, Contractor
format is acceptable. The complete MUA package shall be provided in Adobe® PDF format; the MUA
form shall also be provided in a format that is compatible with the NASA Materials and Processes
Technical Information System (MAPTIS) database.

13.5 MAINTENANCE: Contractor updates to the Category I and Category II MUAs shall be submitted to
NASA for approval. Complete re-issue of the MUA is required.

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DATA REQUIREMENTS DESCRIPTION (DRD)

1. PROGRAM: 2. DRD NO.: XXXX

3. DATA TYPE: 2 4. DATE REVISED:
5. PAGE: 1
6. TITLE: Materials Identification and Usage List (MIUL)

7. DESCRIPTION/USE:
The MIUL is an electronic searchable parts list or separate electronic searchable materials identification
and usage list. The MIUL identifies all Materials and Processes (M&P) usages contained in the end item,
excluding piece part electronics, for evaluation of the acceptability of M&P selected and utilized.

8. DISTRIBUTION: As determined by the Contracting Officer.

9. INITIAL SUBMISSION: PDR

10. SUBMISSION FREQUENCY: As-designed MIUL – at Hardware Acceptance Review

As-built MIUL updates – prior to FRR

11. REMARKS:

12. INTERRELATIONSHIP: Parent SOW Paragraph: XXXX

13. DATA PREPARATION INFORMATION:

13.1 SCOPE:
Materials and processes usage shall be documented in an electronic searchable parts list or separate
electronic searchable Materials Identification and Usage List (MIUL). The procedures and formats for
documentation of materials and processes usage will depend upon specific hardware but shall cover the
final design. The system used shall be an integral part of the engineering configuration control/release
system. A copy of the stored data shall be provided to NASA in a form compatible with the Materials and
Processes Technical Information System (MAPTIS).

13.2 APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS:

NASA-STD-6016, Standard Materials and Processes Requirements for Spacecraft

13.3 CONTENTS:
The parts list or MIUL shall identify the following applicable information:

- Detail drawing and dash number

- Next assembly and dash number
- Change letter designation
- Drawing source
- Material form
- Material manufacturer
- Material manufacturer's designation
- Material specification
- Process specification
- Environment
- Weight (nonmetallic materials)
- MAPTIS Material code (if data are to be provided in a form compatible with MAPTIS)
- Standard/commercial part number
- Contractor
- System

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- Subsystem
- Maximum operating temperature
- Minimum operating temperature
- Fluid type
- Surface area (nonmetallic materials)
- Associate contractor number
- Project
- Document title
- Criticality
- Line number
- Overall evaluation
- Overall configuration test
- Maximum operating pressure
- Minimum operating pressure
- MUA number or rationale code
- Cure codes
- Materials rating
- Remarks (comments field)

13.4 FORMAT: Contractor format is acceptable. However, Contractor format for electronic submittal of MIUL
data shall be compatible with the NASA Materials and Processes Technical Information System (MAPTIS)
database.

13.5 MAINTENANCE: Contractor updates to the MIUL shall be submitted to NASA for approval. Complete
re-issue of the document is not required.

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DATA REQUIREMENTS DESCRIPTION (DRD)

1. PROGRAM: 2. DRD NO.: XXXX

3. DATA TYPE: 2 4. DATE REVISED:
5. PAGE: 1
6. TITLE: Contamination Control Plan (CCP)

7. DESCRIPTION/USE:
The contamination control plan defines implementation measures to control contamination of flight
hardware and fluid systems during manufacturing, assembly, test, transportation, launch site processing,
and post-flight refurbishment.

8. DISTRIBUTION: As determined by the Contracting Officer.

9. INITIAL SUBMISSION: PDR

10. SUBMISSION FREQUENCY: The contractor may submit updates/revisions at any time. Final
submission shall be at CDR.

11. REMARKS:

12. INTERRELATIONSHIP: Parent SOW Paragraph: XXXX

13. DATA PREPARATION INFORMATION:

13.1 SCOPE:
The contamination control plan shall be generated in accordance with the guidelines of ASTM E1548,
Standard Practice for Preparation of Aerospace Contamination Control Plans (as specified by NASA-STD-
6016) and shall include:

a. A FOD control plan to prevent damage to flight hardware and injury to the flight crew by foreign
object debris (FOD) during manufacture, assembly, test, transportation, launch site processing,
operation, repair, modification, refurbishment, and maintenance. The FOD prevention program shall
conform to NAS 412, Foreign Object Damage/Foreign Object Debris (FOD) Prevention, as specified
by NASA-STD-6016.

b. Definition of cleanliness level acceptance limits and verification methods for fluid systems, and for
general flight hardware internal and external surfaces. The plan shall also contain a list identifying all
system fluids, together with the fluid specifications (for procurement or custom mixing) and the
required cleanliness levels for the fluid system.

13.2 APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS:

NASA-STD-6016, Standard Materials and Processes Requirements for Spacecraft
NAS 412, Foreign Object Damage/Foreign Object Debris (FOD) Prevention

13.3 CONTENTS:
The FOD control plan shall address the following elements:

a. Identification of probable FOD sources.

b. Early design considerations for FOD prevention, resistance to damage, foreign object entrapment,
etc.
c. Manufacturing planning for minimizing FOD generation and cleaning up whatever FOD is
generated.
d. FOD control methods.

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e. FOD Awareness and Prevention Training.

f. Metrics - Measuring techniques for analysis, trending, and feedback.
g. Incident investigation/reporting, "lessons learned."
h. Awareness/Employee Feedback.

The contractor shall define cleanliness level acceptance limits and verification methods for fluid systems,
and for general flight hardware internal and external surfaces. The contractor shall also provide a list
identifying all system fluids, together with the fluid specifications (for procurement or custom mixing) and
the required cleanliness levels for the fluid system.

13.4 FORMAT: Electronic, Word®-compatible document or Adobe® PDF.

13.5 MAINTENANCE:

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DATA REQUIREMENTS DESCRIPTION (DRD)

1. PROGRAM: 2. DRD NO.: XXXX

3. DATA TYPE: 4. DATE REVISED:
5. PAGE: 1
6. TITLE: Nondestructive Evaluation Plan

7. DESCRIPTION/USE:

The Nondestructive Evaluation (NDE) plan shall address the NDE requirements necessary to assure the
health and integrity of the flight hardware throughout its life cycle. This plan shall identify all
Nondestructive Evaluation (NDE) standards employed in the inspection of materials.

8. DISTRIBUTION: As determined by the Contracting Officer.

9. INITIAL SUBMISSION: PDR

10. SUBMISSION FREQUENCY: The contractor may submit updates/revisions at any time.

11. REMARKS:

12. INTERRELATIONSHIP:

13. DATA PREPARATION INFORMATION:

SCOPE:

The NDE Plan shall address the process for establishment, implementation, execution, and control of NDE.
The plan shall meet the intent of MIL-HDBK-6870A, Inspection Program Requirements, Nondestructive
for Aircraft and Missile Materials and Parts and the requirements of NASA-STD-5009, Nondestructive
Evaluation Requirements for Fracture-Critical Metallic Components as specified by NASA-STD-6016,
Standard Materials and Processes Requirements for Spacecraft

13.2 APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS:

NASA-STD-6016, Standard Materials and Processes Requirements for Spacecraft
MIL-HDBK-6870A: Inspection Program Requirements, Nondestructive for Aircraft and Missile Materials
and Parts
NASA-STD-5009: Nondestructive Evaluation Requirements for Fracture-Critical Metallic Components
NAS 410, NAS Certification and Qualification of Nondestructive Test Personnel

13.3 CONTENTS:
NDE Specifications and Standards -- The NDE plan shall address the selection and the order of precedence
of applicable government, industry, and prime contractor NDE specifications and standards and how the
requirements contained therein are implemented through internal procedures and how-to documents. The
oversight of subcontractor implementation and flow down of the NDE requirements shall also be
addressed. The plan shall address commonly used aerospace industry NDE methods including, but not
limited to, fluorescent dye penetrant, radiographic (film radiography, digital radiography, computed
tomography), ultrasonic, neutron radiography, magnetic particle, eddy current, infrared thermography, and
visual inspection. The plan shall address how all NDE specifications and standards will be approved by the
appropriate government authority.

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NDE Requirements During Hardware Design -- The NDE plan shall address how the processes are
implemented to ensure that all designs are reviewed to establish NDE inspection requirements and to
ensure that the parts are inspectable. The plan shall address how the areas or zones of the part to be
inspected are identified on the drawing. The plan shall address how the operations and maintenance NDE
requirements will be integrated in the design of the hardware.

Part Classification -- The plan shall address appropriate flight hardware and GSE part classification in
accordance with MIL-HDBK-6870A.

NDE Sensitivity Levels -- NDE sensitivity levels shall be classified as Standard NDE, Special NDE,
Custom NDE, and Visual Inspection in the NDE plan. The plan shall address minimum detectable flaw size
for Standard NDE for each material group of flight hardware in compliance with NASA-STD-5009 where
applicable. The plan shall address procedures for defining NDE acceptance criteria for each of the
sensitivity levels and identify organizations and their responsibilities in establishing NDE acceptance
criteria, NDE drawing call outs, and NDE Operations and Maintenance criteria. Note: Custom sensitivity
level refers to an NDE sensitivity level that is not covered under the other three NDE sensitivity levels and
is applicable to non-fracture-critical parts.

NDE Acceptance Criteria -- The plan shall address how NDE acceptance criteria are determined and
implemented for each sensitivity level. For flight hardware, the plan shall require rejection of any crack-
like flaw irrespective of the sensitivity level of the inspection. The plan shall address how significant flaw
indications, irrespective of the acceptance criteria, will be dispositioned.

NDE During Manufacturing --The plan shall address establishment of minimum NDE acceptance
requirements in terms of NDE sensitivity level, methods of inspection (fluorescent dye penetrant,
ultrasonic, etc.), sampling frequency, and NDE inspection coverage (e.g., 100% surface area or selected
area) for manufactured hardware as grouped by classification of the part, material type, and form. The NDE
plan shall address how NDE is sequenced such that inspection reliability is optimized by performing NDE
before manufacturing processes that may significantly reduce flaw detection capability. The requirements
for etching of metal parts prior to penetrant inspection shall be specifically addressed in the plan.

NDE Material Compatibility -- The plan shall address compatibility of NDE materials and processes with
the hardware.

Fracture-Critical Parts -- The Plan shall address how the listing of all Fracture-Critical parts, created
according to the Fracture Control Plan, will be integrated with NDE requirements. The plan shall address
Special NDE and Standard NDE methods in accordance with NASA-STD-5009.

NDE During Operations and Maintenance: --The NDE plan shall address the NDE requirements necessary
to assure the health and integrity of the hardware throughout its life cycle. The NDE plan shall address
NDE requirements during operations and maintenance of those parts that are susceptible to damage such as
impact, corrosion, material degradation and wear, etc. The NDE plan shall address NDE requirements for
inspecting repaired parts. The plan shall address the NDE procedures and physical standards required to
perform the operations and maintenance NDE inspections.

NDE Reporting and Record Retention -- The NDE plan shall describe the NDE nonconformance reporting
system, record retention, and traceability.

Process Audit -- The plan shall address periodic auditing of NDE processes at prime contractor, vendors,
and subcontractors to verify compliance with the NDE requirements established in the plan.

Personnel Training -- The NDE plan shall identify formal training and certification requirements for NDE
Inspection in accordance with NAS 410.

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13.4 FORMAT: Electronic, Word®-compatible document or Adobe® PDF.

13.5 MAINTENANCE: Changes to the document proposed by the contractor shall be submitted to NASA for
approval. Complete re-issue of the document is required.

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APPENDIX D
GUIDANCE
D.1 Reference Documents

The documents in this paragraph are provided as reference material for background information
only. In case of conflict, refer to paragraph 2.4.

ANSI/AIAA G-095-2004 Guide to Safety of Hydrogen and Hydrogen Systems

Reference 4.2.6.4

ASTM-E1548-03 Standard Practice for Preparation of Aerospace Contamination

Reference 4.2.6.6 and Control Plans
Appendix C

ASTM MNL 36-2nd (2007) Safe Use of Oxygen and Oxygen Systems: Handbook for Design,
Reference 4.2.1.4 Operation, and Maintenance

ASTM-G63-99 Standard Guide for Evaluating Nonmetallic Materials for Oxygen

Reference 4.2.1.4 Service

ASTM-G88-90 Standard Guide for Designing Systems for Oxygen Service

Reference 4.2.1.4

ASTM-G94-92 Standard Guide for Evaluating Metals for Oxygen Service

Reference 4.2.1.4
JSC 29353A (2007) Flammability Configuration Analysis for Spacecraft Applications
Reference 4.2.1.1

MIL-STD-2223 Test Methods for Insulated Electrical Wire

Change Notice 1 (1994)
Reference 4.2.1.5

NASA/CR-2005-213424 Lubrication for Space Applications

Reference 4.2.3.4

NASA/TM-2007-213740 Guide for Oxygen Compatibility Assessments on Oxygen

(2007) Components and Systems
Reference 4.2.1.4

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