active --> v

passive --> v.to be + v.3

active voice --> I wash my car.

passive voice --> ้เน้นคน / สิ่งที่ถูกกระทำ --> My car is washed.

12 tenses เวลา
2 mode
- direct speech
- indirect speech
2 voices ลักษณะการพูด
- active voice
- passive voice

be
is am are Present simple --> is / am / are + v.3 Past simple --> was / were + v.3
was were A: I eat some pizza. A: I ate some pizza.
been P: Some pizza is eaten (by me). P: Some pizza was eaten (by me).
--> passive voice
A: I write a letter. A: I wrote a letter.
P: A letter is written by me. P: A letter was written by me.

A: I write ten letters. A: I wrote ten letters.

P: Ten letters are written by me. P: Ten letters were written by me.
 ประดิษฐ์
7 ติด แนบ 8 สร้าง สื่อสาร
2
4 เสียบปลั๊ก 5 กด 6 ผลิต
3 เปิปิดดไฟไฟ

ปุ่มกด สาย
15 14 18 9 13
16 17 12 11
สายไฟ ท่อ ล้อ เฟือง
outlet
Press turn on

tubes
keyboard

wheel buttons remote control

produce

turn off
cell phone – You have to plug it in almost every tablet – It has a battery, but you have
day because the battery runs down quickly. You to plug it in to charge it. It has a touch
need to turn it on before you use it and use the screen. You can use it to work, play
keyboard to send messages or make calls. games, access the Internet and
communicate.
flash drive – This is very small, and it doesn’t
have any buttons. You can connect it to your train – This invention has wheels and
computer to copy and move information. is very expensive to produce. We use
it for transportation over long and
TV – You have to plug this in and turn it on to short distances. It can be very fast, or
use it. It has a screen and some buttons. It has it can be slower.
a remote control to change the channel.
Alexander Graham Bell – the telephone

James Watt – the steam engine

Johannes Gutenberg – the printing press

John Logie Baird – the television

Henry Ford – the car

1. b

2. c

3. a
 F
(“At the age of twelve, he learned about a system of writing with
bumps in paper that you feel with your fingers.”)

F
(“Messages that are sent on … cell phones can’t travel through rock.”)

T
F

(“Hibiki isn’t allowed to use the gloves in his bedroom.”)

is used
are sent
are downloaded
are thrown away
The cables aren’t plugged in to the right jacks.

My laptop isn’t working. My homework isn’t

saved on another computer!

Batteries are not included.

Are interactive whiteboards used at your school?

Is English spoken all the time in your English class?

Is your TV turned on all evening?

 is eaten in the summer .

isn’t sold in my town .

is given to students .
 are sent every
month by the average teenager.

are made by a Japanese company .

warmed by the sun.

 นักเขียน

ชาแนลออกแบบเสื้อผ้า

นักเขียนนิยายสืบสวน
จิตรกร
บริษัทที่ผลิตรถยนต์
mobile phone
furniture
วอลโว่
ภาพวาด
ทัชมาฮาลคืออะไร
ภูเขา
ตึก สิ่งก่อสร้าง
แม่น้ำ
 ผู้สร้าง คนสร้าง ตึก
สร้าง

design ออกแบบ นักออกแบบ ผลงานการออกแบบ

ประดิษฐ์ สิ่งประดษฐ์
นักประดิษฐ์ invention
จิตรกร ภาพวาด
วาด painting
ผู้ผลิต
ผลิต producer สินค้า

งานเขียน
เขียน writer นักเรียน
 paintings
painter inventor

designs
built
 /ɪ/ /i/
build email
Internet keyboard
silly wheel
The girls are talking about Ruby’s
robot for the science project.
She found some instructions for the robot on the Internet.

The wheels on the robot don’t move.

Because it’s new, and it works OK in her flashlight.

Because it was hidden under the robot’s arm.

The robot falls off the table.

 problem
checked
tried
Ash suggests that Tom restart his laptop.
 was introduced

was sent
were produced

were owned
The world’s first plane wasn’t built by Leonardo da Vinci.

The science fair was won by my friend Jack.

The students weren’t told about the exams.

Our house was designed by my dad.

Was your favorite book written a long time ago?

Were your favorite movies made in your country?

Was your class given a lot of homework last week?

1. a
2. d
3. b
4. c
 F
(“… their ‘books’ looked very different from the books of
today.”)
T

T
F
(Paper was “a useful Chinese invention.”)
T
They were difficult to use and took up a lot of space in a library.

They had an index at the back to find information more quickly.

They used paper.

Thanks to the printing press, books were produced faster and were much
cheaper, so more people could afford them.

Because people are buying more e-books and reading them on a screen.
 6

5
Because it’s great in an emergency.

When you aren’t at home, and you want to go online, or when you are on a
long trip so you aren’t bored.

They are happier and more independent.

 Are dogs allowed
’s written
Was the Internet used
isn’t spelled

are cut down

weren’t done
were invented
Are books read at your school?

My pen was broken by James.

Japanese isn’t spoken in Thailand.

This sweater was made by my grandma.

The tent wasn’t needed.

Were these computers made in China?

The website was designed by our friend.

wasn’t designed didn’t fly

said
learned
were made
was built
was carried
were
taken

are known
come

’s kept
e

b
g

d
h
c
a
f
 product(s)
write / writes / writing writing
design
builder
invention
problem

wrong
checked

tried
goes
1. He’s a designer.

2. The machine was built in his garage.

3. Is the tube attached to it?

4. The wheels are broken.

5. It isn’t produced in this country.

6. Turn it on with the remote control.

 F
(Industry causes 14% of CO2 emissions, whereas transportation causes 32%.)
T
F
(“There are … 59 trees per person in the world.”)
F
(“The average modern car produces 15% less CO2 than a car that was built
10 years ago.”)
F
(“… we are producing more CO2 , not less.”)
d
a
b
c