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Lec 8 DevelopmentLength

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14 views

Lec 8 DevelopmentLength

Uploaded by

Prince Jolo Piang
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Reinforced Concrete

Topic: Development Length

Presented by: CSMantawil


Introduction
The joint behavior of steel and concrete in a reinforced concrete member is
based on the fact that a bond is maintained between the two materials after
the concrete hardens. If a straight bar of round section is embedded in
concrete, a considerable force is required to pull the bar out of the concrete.
If the embedded length of the bar is long enough, the steel bar may yield,
leaving some length of the bar in the concrete. The bonding force depends
on the friction between steel and concrete. It is influenced mainly by the
roughness of the steel surface area, the concrete mix, shrinkage, and the
cover of concrete. Deformed bars give a better bond than plain bars. Rich
mixes have greater adhesion than weak mixes. An increase in the concrete
cover will improve the ultimate bond stress of a steel bar

Source: Structural Concrete Theory & Design by:


Hassoun and Al-Manaseer

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Bond Failure
The term “bond failure” has been given to the mechanism by which failure
occurs when the provided development length is inadequate.

3
Cutting off or Bending Bars

Fig 8.1 Theoretical cut-off locations for a simple beam 4


From the beam shown in the figure, it can be seen that
both the maximum moment in the beam and the maximum
stresses in the tensile bars occur at the face of the support.
Theoretically, a small distance back into the support the
moment is zero, and thus it would seem that reinforcing bars
would no longer be required. This is the situation pictured in
Figure 8 (a). Obviously, if the bars were stopped at the face of
the support, the beam would fail

Development length in a cantilever


beam

5
Development Length for Tension Reinforcement

General
Equation
USCS (US Customary Units) SI Units

6
The cover and transverse reinforcement terms cannot be taken greater than 2.5.

7
From Mc Cormac, 10th Ed. the values of factors are presented

8
ACI Simplified Equations

(c b +k tr )
=1.5
db

(c b +k tr )
=1.0
db
ψ s =0.8 ψ e =1.0
The length Ld computed shall not be taken less than 300 mm

Some books present pre-computed values of Ld based on some typical values 9


10
Example 1
Determine the development length Ld required for the #28
mm f epoxy coated bars A on the top of a 380-mm slab as
shown in the figure. Use fy = 420 MPa with lightweight
aggregate concrete. f’c =28 MPa Use (a) simplified (b) general
equation

Top bars for Example 1 11


a) From the given data and using the ”simplified method ”
Clear cover = 40 mm > db = 28 mm
Clear spacing = 200 mm – db = 200-28
= 172 mm > 2db = 56 mm

The condition for Case 1 (#22 mm and larger) applies

Ld =
(
f y ψt ψe
1.7 λ √(f ' c)
db
)
ψ t =1.3 top bars, effective d > 300 mm cast below bars
ψ e =1.5 ( epoxy coated, clear cover=40 mm is less than 3db )
but since ψ t ψ e =1.95>1.7 , use 1.7
12
Hence, the development length,

Ld =
(
420(1.7)
1.7(0.75) √(28) )
28=2963.2 mm say 3.0 m

b) Using the general equation

( )
f y ψt ψe ψ s
Ld = db
1.1 λ √ (f ' c)
(
c b + K tr
db ) K tr =0 ( no stirrup/transverse reinf )

ψ s =1.0 (for db = 22 mm and larger)


13
cb: (a) cover = 40+db/2 = 40+28/2 = 54 mm
(b) ½ (c to c spacing of bars) = ½ (200) = 100 mm
Use cb = 54 mm

Check:
( c b + K tr
db )
≤2.5 ; ( 54+0
28 )=1.9≤2.5 ok

( )
f y ψt ψe ψs
Ld = db
1.1 λ √ (f ' c)
(c b + K tr
db )
420(1.7)(1.0)
Ld = (28)=2410 mm
1.1(0.75)( √ (28))(1.9)

Remarks : the value obtained from simplified method is more conservative than
using the general formula.
14
Development Length for Bars
in Compression
– The development length of deformed bars in
compression is generally smaller than that required
for tension bars, due to the fact that compression
bars do not have the cracks that develop in tension
concrete members that cause a reduction in the
bond between bars and the surrounding concrete.

15
ACI Code 25.4.9.3
USCS Units l dc = (
0.02 d b f y ψ r
λ √f ' c )
≥0.0003 f y ψ r d b

SI Units
l dc =(0.24 d b f y ψ r
λ √f ' c )≥0.043 f y ψ r d b

ψ r =confining factor Ldc ≥200 mm

16
Example
A reinforced concrete column with 8-#32 mm f bars is to
be extended down to the footing. Determine the required
development length if f’c = 28 MPa and fy = 420 Mpa.
Assume no confinement in the reinforcing steel.

Soln: ψ r =1.0 no confining factor


17
Computing for ldc:

(
a) l dc =
0.24 (32)(420)(1.0)
(1) √ 28 )(32)=609.6 mm← controls

b) l dc =0.043 f y ψ r d b =0.043(420)(1.0)(32)=578 mm
c) l dc =200 mm

Extend bars 610 mm down to footing.

18
TASKS
Read about:
– hooks and bending of bars
– Splicing of bars
a) tension bars
b) compression bars

Development length is quite a lengthy topic. Given several conditions and limited time,
the students need to read books under these topics.

19

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