1.

Main Components of Refrigeration plants

▪ Compressor
➢ Reciprocating single or two stage compressor is commonly used for compressing and
supplying the refrigerant to the system.
▪ Condenser
➢ to cool down the refrigerant in the system
➢ for liquefied gas
▪ Drier
➢ consists of silica gel to remove any moisture from the refrigerant
▪ Solenoids
➢ to control cold room temperature
➢ Master solenoid is provided in the main line
➢ Other solenoid is present in all individual cargo hold or rooms.
▪ Expansion valve
➢ to control amount of refrigerant flow to the evaporator
▪ Evaporator unit
➢ act as a heat exchanger to cool down the hold or room area
▪ Thermostatic Expansion Valve: TEV:
▪ Main Functions:
➢ control amount of refrigerant flow to the evaporator
➢ maintains a constant super heat of refrigerant at the
evaporator outlet about 6.6℃.
➢ Prevention of Liquid flow into Compressor.
▪ Why Equalizing Connection is fitted?
➢ In some plant having large Evaporator or Multi-circuit
Evaporator,
➢ excessive pressure drop across Evaporator occurs increase the Superheat.
➢ To counteract this an Equalizing Connection must be provided at TEV
➢ A direct connection between below of Bellow and suction piping of Compressor,
➢ This is called Equalizing Line.
▪ Safety devices on Refrigeration Plant:
➢ LP cut-out switch/ LP cut-in switch
➢ HP cut-out switch
➢ LO LP cut-out:
➢ Liquid shock valve on Compressor cylinder head.
➢ Bursting disc on cylinder head
➢ Bursting disc on Condenser or Relief valve on
Condenser.
➢ Condenser cooling water LP cut-out.
➢ Master solenoid valve:
➢ diff pressure

▪ Refer plant survey:

➢ General examination of machinery and testing under working condition.
➢ The log examined, to ascertain successful operation during voyages.
➢ Compressor and prime mover to be open-up and examined.
 ဘံု

▪ Air in the system Cold room tem တက္မယ္

▪ Indication: compressor long time run

➢ Abnormal and jumping of Compressor discharge pressure gauge reading

➢ Sight glass shows small air bubble

➢ Compressor will over heat

➢ Increase Cold room temperature

➢ Compressor will be running longer than normal.

▪ Remedy: လေဝင်ရင်ဘာေုပ်မေဲ

➢ Pumping down the plant

➢ Then purge air at the top of Condenser

▪ How to carried out Pumping down

➢ Close liquid stop valve at Condenser outlet.

➢ Pumping down the entire charge into Condenser,

➢ Until suction pressure is just above zero, and then stop Compressor.

➢ Shut Compressor discharge valve

➢ Cool down the Condenser content, by running cooling water for some period.

➢ Then purge air at the top of Condenser, through purging valve until refrigerant gas appears

at the valve.

Causes လေဝင်ရလ ာအလ ာင််းရင််း

➢ Charging တုန်းက ကကောင်း ကကောင်း purging မလုပလု ို့

➢ Lo sump ဖြညတဲ.အခါ ကလပါသော်းလု ို့
➢ during O/H
➢ Pipe လင
ု ်းဖပြုဖပင ရင
➢ Dehydrator မော purge 0r silica jil ဖြြုတလဲ
➢ After repair job ကလဝငတယ
▪ Moisture in the system:

▪ Indication:
Flooding back ျဖစ္ ရင္ ဘယ္ လို သ
➢ Choke at Expansion Valve.
Increase suction pressure
➢ Compressor tends to stop by H.P. cut-out.
Suction မွာ liquid ရက
ို သ
္ ံျကွာားရမယ္
➢ Check Dehydrator Indicator
Oil in the sys မွာ compressor sweating ျဖစ္
▪ Remedy:
Running cool ျဖစ္
➢ By renewing Drying agents.
Suction pipe မွာေရခဲ
➢ prevent air in the System

▪ Oil in the system

▪ Indication:

➢ Compressor will be running longer than normal.

➢ Very difficult to cool-down the room temperature due to excessive oil in piping system

➢ Causing flooding back

➢ Low level in sight glass

➢ Decrease compressor pressure

➢ Incorrect Condenser and Evaporator temperature differentials

▪ Remedy:

➢ Pump down the system charges into reservoir

➢ Totally shutdown the whole System.

➢ Then blow out the collected oils inside piping and evaporator.

➢ if necessary, renew Compressor piston rings or oil separator, and replenishment of oil

▪ causes; Compound oil ်းု တယ် Blow out ဘာနဲ. ေုပ်မေဲ

➢ Ringမလ ာင််းေု ို့ လေ

➢ Separator မလ ာင််း ေု ို့ Nitrogen

➢ Sum oil level high ဖြစ် ေု ို့ လ ာ် zone

➢ Suction pressure ထ ် Crank case press တအာ်းဖမင်ေ

ို့ ာမယ် system ထဲဆပ
ီ ါမယ်
▪ Overcharge. ျမင့္ ေအား ခဲ ဘက္ overcharge
▪ Indication:
➢ Increase suction and discharge pressure
➢ Cause compressor running cool
➢ Frost at suction line
➢ Causing flooding back
▪ Remedy
➢ Prepare reception facility
➢ Then transfer until normal discharge pressure
➢ Pump down system charges into reservoir and purge out excessive refrigerant from vent
valve
▪ Undercharge: က် တက္ ဘူစီ ျကွာ လမ္.မည္
▪ Indication:
➢ Decrease discharge pressure
➢ Increase cold room temperature
➢ Large bubble in sight glass
➢ Increase in running period
➢ Hot Compressor/ Condenser discharge pipe.
▪ Remedy:
➢ Carried out recharging until normal level
➢ Test leak
➢ After rectification of leak points, recharging if necessary.
▪ Short cycling: ၃ ခါ ခ်ပ္ light load ေလ်ွာ.ခ်င္လို့
➢ Choke of dehydrator, TEV filter and TEV Suction cut in 4 bar cut out 2 bar
➢ Light load
Dif 2 range 4
➢ High Leak points in the system.
▪ Causes: Discharge 15

➢ Abnormal operation of TEV.

➢ Overcharge of the system.
➢ Moisture in the system owing to dirty Dryer.
▪ What is short cycling:
➢ Causing start and stop frequently
➢ Malfunction in L.P cut-in/ cut-out.
➢ Excessive icing up at Compressor Suction
 ▪ (Drain Period) 168. Defrost Method
➢ System stop
➢ Warm / Hot water
➢ Electric Heater "ON"
➢ Hot gas by pass
▪ Defrost Sequence
➢ Defrost sequence is done by Defrost Timer.
➢ This timer consist of 3-set dial
➢ Top dial (Defrost cycle setting , Eg → 12 hr – 2 time per day)
➢ Second dial (Defrost heater on period setting, Eg → 30 Minutes)
➢ Base dial (Drain setting)
▪ When defrost cycle setting reach
➢ system auto stop
➢ Liquid Solenoid valve stop
➢ Evaporators fan stop
➢ Defrost Heater ON as per time setting period.
➢ Then drain period
➢ After defrosting take place restarting the plant in normal operation.

169. Refer Suction Suction valve ? Discharge valve

▪ Deflective Suction Valve
➢ High Suction Pressure
➢ Low Discharge Pressure
➢ Continuous Running of Compressor
➢ Noisy of operation
➢ Insufficient cooling effect.
▪ Deflective Discharge Valve
➢ High Suction Pressure
➢ Low Discharge Pressure
➢ Continuous Running of Compressor
➢ Noisy of operation
➢ Insufficient cooling effect.
➢ High suction pressure when compressor stop
➢ Warm Cylinder Head
➢ High Discharge Temperature
▪ 170. Refer flooding back
➢ Liquid Refrigerant back to compressor suction side , is call flooding back.
▪ Causes
➢ Over charging
➢ TEV malfunction
➢ Solenoid valve malfunction.
➢ Excessive oil in the system.
➢ Excessive frost on evaporator (1/4 thickness)
▪ Prevent
➢ Liquid short valve
➢ Regular maintenance Suction & Discharge Valves.
➢ Solenoid Valve
➢ Correct amount Refrigerant charging.
➢ Correct function TEV
➢ Avoid excesses Lub of crank case.
➢ Oil separator
➢ Dryer regular maintenance
➢ Defrost timer malfunction.
➢ Master solenoid valve malfunction.(compressor outlet)
➢ Regular malfunction.
▪ Reefer Gas Charging and liquid Charging

suction valve နဲ. Compressor ျက ား

▪ Gas Charging

➢ weight bottle

➢ Gas Charging connection is between, & suction valve and Compressor

➢ Connect the bottle and Charging valve with connection pipe

➢ Purge out air from connection pipe and tighten the screw cup

➢ Fully open the bottle valve but still close Charging v/v

➢ Plant in operation

➢ Close the condenser out let valve

➢ check suction pressure and slowing open Charging valve

➢ Check level in condenser Sight glass

➢ When required level reach, close the charging valve

➢ And then pump down the system

➢ After that close the compressor discharge

➢ Cooling water keeps running for some time

➢ Purging air from purging valve at condenser

▪ Liquid charging
Condenser outletနဲ. Dehydrator ာ်း

➢ Firstly, weight the gas bottle

➢ Connect the bottle and charging valve with connection pipe

➢ Purge out air from connection pipe and tighten the screw cup

➢ Purge out air from connection pipe and tighten the screw cup

➢ Compressor in operation

➢ Close condenser outlet valve

➢ check suction pressure open the & suction valve slowly

➢ Check level in condenser Sight glass

➢ When required level reach, close the charging valve

➢ And then pump down the system

➢ After that close the compressor discharge

➢ Cooling water keeps running for some time

➢ Purging air from purging valve at condenser

➢ Calculate the amount of charged refrigent and entire the engine room log book and ODS record

book
▪ properties of a Marine Refrigerant? HIGH ၂ NON ၅ Low Low လိုက္ တည္ ျမဲ လြယ္ကူ ေစ ားေပၚ ယူ

➢ High Critical Temp

➢ High latent heat of vaporization
➢ Non-Corrosive (system loving)
➢ Non-Solvent (to oil and impurities)
➢ Non-Flammable (for obvious reasons).
➢ Non-Explosive (Obviously).
➢ Non-Toxic
➢ Low Boiling Point
➢ Low condensing pressure
➢ Stable
➢ Easy Leak Detection (by odor or color).
➢ Cheap and Easily available.
➢ Environment Friendly.
▪ Refrigerant Compressor Oil
➢ Refrigerant Compressor Oil is a highly refined naphthenic mineral oil
➢ primarily for use in reciprocating and rotary screw compressors in refrigeration systems
using ammonia, carbon dioxide, or non-HFC refrigerants.

▪ features & Benefits

• Excellent low-temperature properties

• Wax-free

• Good oxidation stability

• Low carbon-forming tendency

• Good lubricity

• Light color
▪ Function

▪ HP
• It Fitted at discharge side of compressor
• It will stop compressor if excessive pressure in the system
• By this way prevent the system damage
• high pressure cut out is need manually re-set
▪ LP

• It Fitted at suction side of compressor

• LP cut out is controlled automatically
• Such as when the suction pressure drops stops the compressor and
• when the suction pressure rises again starts the compressor.
• To prevent vacuum in the system

▪ High pressure (HP) cut out and low pressure (LP) cut out in refrigeration system?

▪ HP cut out
• Occurs due to dirty or chocked condenser tubes.
• malfunction of consider cooler valve operation.
• low cooling water pressure
• Also, can cause. cooling water failure
• Due to liquid flooding back
▪ LP cut out
• Operate the solenoid valve is closed when the cool room temperature reaches its desired
temperature (setting temperature)
• Can cause when expansion valve is chocked.
• Under charge