What is IOT?

nternet of things, IoT, is when physical objects are embedded with sensors, software, and
other technologies for the purpose of connecting and exchanging ... The term IoT, or Internet of
Things, refers to the collective network of connected devices and the technology that facilitates
communication between devices and the cloud, as well as between the devices themselves.
The Internet of Things (IoT) refers to a network of physical devices, vehicles, appliances, and
other physical objects that are embedded with sensors, software, and network connectivity,
allowing them to collect and share data.
IoT devices—also known as “smart objects”—can range from simple “smart home” devices like
smart thermostats, to wearables like smartwatches and RFID-enabled clothing, to complex
industrial machinery and transportation systems. Technologists are even envisioning entire
“smart cities” predicated on IoT technologies.

IoT enables these smart devices to communicate with each other and with other internet-enabled
devices. Like smartphones and gateways, creating a vast network of interconnected devices that
can exchange data and perform various tasks autonomously. This can include:

 monitoring environmental conditions in farms

 managing traffic patterns with smart cars and other smart automotive devices
 controlling machines and processes in factories
 tracking inventory and shipments in warehouses

State application areas of IOT ?

1. Smart Homes

If we look at our homes, we can find IoT. The lock system of our doors is based on the
technology developed by IoT. You do not need to open and close the doors and windows
manually. Remotes can do this job now and reduce our manual labor.

Moreover, the IoT devices measure electricity and water usage daily by the established
sensors in the meter. The IoT is also used to record TV shows. Now, we can purchase smart
televisions and record the shows we wish to watch according to our schedule.

2. Smart City

The Internet has not been limited to introducing networks around the world. It has extended
its uses in the city too. The IoT helps manage traffic control, hydraulic and thermal power,
dumping material, and other manual work. It helps in managing vehicles through IoT. This
way, these devices add comfort to people's daily life.
3. Self-driven Vehicles

With the invention of smartphones, we can quickly book cabs. The public can easily book
their transport and reach their destination without wasting time. It eases the process of
searching for vehicles as the booking of the vehicle has been made.

4. Online Shopping

Online shopping has become the preferable IoT over smartphones. Instead of standing in
queues and waiting for the salesperson to entertain us, we can quickly go grocery shopping
for clothes and everyday used things online. Most people prefer it from a different e-
commerce application like Amazon. It is both a time and money saver. IoT has set specific
devices which aid online shopping through android and iOS phones.

5. Health

IoT has set particular devices like beds in hospitals and unique types of sensors attached to
our bodies that can monitor our blood sugar continuously. These devices help measure
blood pressure, and an oximeter regulates our body temperature. These devices are built
with the current IoT systems. Thus, we can manage things at home instead of unnecessarily
visiting the doctor.

6. Agriculture

IoT has obtained a level in agriculture as well. The application of the Internet of things
gives us perfect data regarding information for growing crops well. It gives us information
regarding the type of soil needed, appropriate temperature, and water required for the
proper growth of the crop. It tells us the best time to grow particular crops and the diseases
present in the crop to be grown so that the pesticide and insecticide can be applied
accordingly.

7. Traffic Management

We can also use IoT applications for traffic management. We all must have used Google
Maps or other location-centric software someday. These applications predict the traffic
while reaching the source to the destination.

When this traffic is analysed for a longer period, IoT can also predict the traffic scenario
at peak hours, helping people with easy commutes.
 8. Energy Saving

Different types of sensors are being equipped in the devices to save electric and water
energy. It prevents useless waste by establishing a dual communication system between
the energy power user and the supplier. These devices also help in monitoring energy
consumption regularly.

9. Wearables

The Internet of Things has introduced sensors and devices with artificial machinery that
help operate virtual glasses, calorie burner meters, and GPS tracking belts. It has
established Apple phones which can be connected to our watches, heartbeats, and fitness
bands. Google, Samsung, and Apple have introduced IoT applications that are helpful in
daily life.

10. Pollution Control

Pollution is the biggest problem in almost all cities. We are sometimes unaware whether
we breathe smoke or oxygen in polluted cities. With the help of IoT, we can collect data
from a particular area and inform the concerned authority and the government well in
advance to take steps to control pollution.

State the advantages of IOT?

 It can assist in the smarter control of homes and cities via mobile phones. It enhances
security and offers personal protection.
 By automating activities, it saves us a lot of time.
 Information is easily accessible, even if we are far away from our actual location, and it is
updated frequently in real time.
 Electric Devices are directly connected and communicate with a controller computer, such
as a cell phone, resulting in efficient electricity use. As a result, there will be no
unnecessary use of electricity equipment.
 Personal assistance can be provided by IoT apps, which can alert you to your regular plans.
 It is useful for safety because it senses any potential danger and warns users. For example,
GM OnStar, is a integrated device that system which identifies a car crash or accident on
road. It immediately makes a call if an accident or crash is found.
 It minimizes human effort because IoT devices connect and communicate with one another
and perform a variety of tasks without the need for human intervention.

State the disadvantages of IOT?

Hackers may gain access to the system and steal personal information. Since we add so many
devices to the internet, there is a risk that our information as it can be misused.
 They rely heavily on the internet and are unable to function effectively without it.
 With the complexity of systems, there are many ways for them to fail.
 We lose control of our lives—our lives will be fully controlled and reliant on technology.
 Overuse of the Internet and technology makes people unintelligent because they rely on
smart devices instead of doing physical work, causing them to become lazy.
 Unskilled workers are at a high risk of losing their jobs, which could lead to
unemployment. Smart surveillance cameras, robots, smart ironing systems, smart washing
machines, and other facilities are replacing security guards, maids, ironmen, and dry-
cleaning services etc.
 It is very difficult to plan, build, manage, and enable a broad technology to IoT framework.
 Deploying IoT devices is very costly and time-consuming.

What is M2M ? State one example of it

M2M technology involves the automatic and streamlined sharing of information between two or
more separate devices. Common examples include smart home meters, vehicle telemetry
services, asset tracking, wearable technologies, and automated supply chain management (SCM).