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Farm Machineries AGRI 222 - PPT-3

The document discusses the basics of engines including their definition, working principles, types, and key components. It defines engines as machines that convert heat from fuel combustion into mechanical energy. The main types discussed are external combustion engines (ECE) like steam engines, and internal combustion engines (ICE) where combustion occurs inside the cylinder. ECE examples provided are steam and Stirling engines, while the workings of ICE are explained.

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Ramos, Keith A.
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30 views58 pages

Farm Machineries AGRI 222 - PPT-3

The document discusses the basics of engines including their definition, working principles, types, and key components. It defines engines as machines that convert heat from fuel combustion into mechanical energy. The main types discussed are external combustion engines (ECE) like steam engines, and internal combustion engines (ICE) where combustion occurs inside the cylinder. ECE examples provided are steam and Stirling engines, while the workings of ICE are explained.

Uploaded by

Ramos, Keith A.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ENGINE & ITS POWER UNITS

Module 3

1
The Engine and Its Working
Principles

Introduction

➢Engine is the most important factor of any


automated system.

➢It is considered as the heart that pumps


the necessary requirement for a system
to move.

2
What is an engine?

Engine

➢ Is a mechanical device or a machine that


converts heat energy from burning of
fuel, which generates thermal energy
into mechanical energy or useful work.

3
What is an engine?
Engine
➢ The combustion of fuel such as coal,
petrol, and diesel generate the heat,
which is then supplied to a working
substance at high temperature.

➢ Combustion, also known as burning, is


the basic working chemical process of
releasing energy from a fuel and air
mixture.

4
Types of an Engine

1. External Combustion Engine (ECE)


2. Internal Combustion Engine (ICE)

ECE – refers to any engine that receives its


heat from a source other than the fluid that
makes the engine work.

➢ An ECE are also known as steam engine.

5
Types of an Engine
ECE – the working medium here is the steam, which
generated in a boiler that is located outside the
engine and is allowed in to the cylinder to operate
the piston to do mechanical work.

➢ The combustion of fuel takes place outside the


engine and the steam formed is used to run the
engine.

➢ Heat energy is applied indirectly to the piston by


an intermediate medium which is water vapor.

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Types of an Engine
ECEs – are no longer used in transportation, but
they continue to be used in power plants.
➢ E.g. a natural gas power plant boils water
steam to turn a turbine, creating electricity.

➢ The external combustion design means that


the natural gas does not come in direct
contact with the water, and the engine still
uses immense amount of energy emitted to
do useful work.

7
Types of an Engine

➢ A coal-fired power
plant is an example of
ECE, where pipes send
water into the boiler,
and the burning coal
boils the water,
creating steam, which
turns a turbine and
creates electricity.

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Types of an Engine

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Two Types of ECEs
a) Steam engines – which rely on expanding
steam (or occasionally some other vapor) to
drive a mechanism. E.g. nuclear power plant
and natural gas power plants are steam-
electric; and

b) Stirling engines - which use hot air ( or some


other hot gases). E.g. solar power plants,
where it represents the only piston engine
converting solar energy into mechanical and
then electricity.

10
Two Types of ECEs

11
Types of an Engine

2. Internal Combustion Engine (ICE)

ICE – internal combustion engine, the fuel is


ignited inside the cylinder, the combustion takes
place inside the engine and the heat is generated
within the cylinder.

➢ This heat is added to the air inside the cylinder


and the pressure of the air is increased.

12
Types of an Engine

ICE – The ignition of


compressed mixture
causes rapid combustion
and instantaneous
application of pressure to
the piston which rotates
the crank shaft that
produces mechanical
work.

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Pi=3.1415
Pi=3.1415

Final Answer:
The piston displacement of an engine
is equal to 549, 590.70 mm3, and
having 2 cylinders, its total
displacement is equal to 1, 099, 181.40 Pd = 174, 945.3125 (3.1415)
mm3. Pd = 549, 590.70

Total Pd = 2 x 549, 590.70

Total Pd = 1, 099, 181.40


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Assignment
Instruction: Answer the given problems below and put your answers in a ½ sheet of yellow pad
paper-crosswise.

1. The engine has: bore = 55.5 mm, stroke = 76.4 mm. The number of cylinder of the engine is 2. Find
the piston displacement and the total piston displacement.

Given:

d = 55.5 mm
L = 76.4 mm
N=2
Pi = 3.1415

2. If an engine has a piston displacement of 125 in3, and has a total cylinder volume of 145 in3, what is
the clearance volume?

Given:

Pd = 120 in3
V = 145 in3

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End of Module 3

Presentation title 58

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