Trigonometric Functions

Converting Radians Trigonometric Identities

π 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑠 = 180𝑑𝑒𝑔 Reciprocals of sine, cosine and tangent
𝑅 → 𝐷 𝑏𝑦 ×
180
or 𝐷 → 𝑅 𝑏𝑦 ×
π ratios.
π 180 1
Special Angles 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑡(θ) 𝑎𝑙𝑠𝑜 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐(θ) 𝑜𝑟 𝑐𝑠𝑐(θ) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛(θ)
π π π 1
30𝑑𝑒𝑔 = 6
45𝑑𝑒𝑔 = 4
60𝑑𝑒𝑔 = 3
𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑡(θ) 𝑜𝑟 𝑠𝑒𝑐(θ) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠(θ)
π 1
90𝑑𝑒𝑔 = 2
𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑡(θ) 𝑜𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑡(θ) = 𝑡𝑎𝑛(θ)
Exact Ratios: Radians Complementary Angles
π
𝑠𝑖𝑛( 6 ) =
1 π
𝑠𝑖𝑛( 4 ) =
1 π
𝑠𝑖𝑛( 3 ) =
3 𝑠𝑖𝑛(θ) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠(90 − θ)
2 2 2
𝑐𝑜𝑠(θ) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛(90 − θ)
π 3 π 1 π 1
𝑐𝑜𝑠( 6 ) = 2
𝑐𝑜𝑠( 4 ) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠( 3 ) = 2
𝑡𝑎𝑛(θ) = 𝑐𝑜𝑡(90 − θ)
2
π 1 π π 𝑐𝑜𝑡(θ) = 𝑡𝑎𝑛(90 − θ)
𝑡𝑎𝑛( 6 ) = 𝑡𝑎𝑛( 4 ) = 1 𝑡𝑎𝑛( 3 ) = 3
3 𝑠𝑒𝑐(θ) = 𝑐𝑠𝑐(90 − θ)
45 and 60 Degree Triangles 𝑐𝑠𝑐(θ) = 𝑠𝑒𝑐(90 − θ)
Can be applied to radians by substituting
π
2
in place of 90deg.
Pythagorean Identities
For any value θ.
2 2
𝑐𝑜𝑠 (θ) + 𝑠𝑖𝑛 (θ) = 1
2 2
1 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛 (θ) = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 (θ)
2 2
1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑡 (θ) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 (θ)
Angle Quadrant Conversions Note: Some integrals want you to use
2nd Quad: these.
𝑠𝑖𝑛(180 − θ) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛(θ) Sine Rule
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐵 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐶
𝑐𝑜𝑠(180 − θ) =− 𝑐𝑜𝑠(θ) 𝑎
= 𝑏
= 𝑐
𝑡𝑎𝑛(180 − θ) =− 𝑡𝑎𝑛(θ) Invert all fractions to solve for the
3rd Quad: unknown side.
𝑠𝑖𝑛(180 + θ) =− 𝑠𝑖𝑛(θ) Cosine Rule
𝑐𝑜𝑠(180 + θ) =− 𝑐𝑜𝑠(θ) When finding sides:
𝑡𝑎𝑛(180 + θ) = 𝑡𝑎𝑛(θ) 2 2
𝑐 = 𝑎 + 𝑏 − 2𝑎𝑏 × 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐶
2

4th Quad: When finding angles:

𝑠𝑖𝑛(360 − θ) =− 𝑠𝑖𝑛(θ) 2
𝑎 +𝑏 −𝑐
2 2

𝑐𝑜𝑠(360 − θ) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠(θ) 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐶 = 2𝑎𝑏

𝑡𝑎𝑛(360 − θ) =− 𝑡𝑎𝑛(θ) Area of a Triangle
These equations can be applied to radians 𝐴=
1
𝑎𝑏 × 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐶
2
as well as degrees by substituting in the
equivalent amount.