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LEC 7 Automatic Transmission

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Zahid Hasan
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28 views

LEC 7 Automatic Transmission

Uploaded by

Zahid Hasan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Advanced Vehicle Technology

MTE-4033

Automatic Transmission System

Md Shohanur Rahman
Assistant Professor
Dept of MTE, KUET
Automatic Transmission
This type of transmission automatically provides several forward
gear ratios between the engine crankshaft and the transmission or
transaxle output shaft.

• A torque converterthat usually has


a lockup clutch to prevent slippage.
It contains three • A gear train that usuallyhas one or
basic parts: more planetary gearsets.
• A hydraulic system that may be
electronically controlled.
The Torque Converter
connects the crankshaft
and transmits engine
power to the gear train.

Hydraulic pressure acting


through the automatic
transmission fluid in the
transmission or transaxle
produces the shifts.
Automatic Transmission Operation
 The basic operation of an automatic transmission is the same
whether for rear-wheel drive, front-wheel drive, or four- wheel
drive.

 Most automatic transmissions have three or four forward speeds.


They also have PARK, NEUTRAL, and REVERSE.

 Fourth speed is usually an overdrive ratio. Some


Automatic transmissions have five forward speeds with fifth-gear
overdrive.
The typical automatic transmission starts the vehicle moving in
first gear. The transmission then upshifts into second, third, and
fourth (if used). These shifts and the locking of the torque-
converter clutch (TCC) can occur without the assistance from
the driver. They happen automatically as vehicle speed
increases and engine load or throttle opening decreases.
To slow and stop the vehicle, the driver releases the accelerator
pedal and depresses the brake pedal as needed.
The transmission disengages the torque-converter clutch and
automatically downshifts until it is in first gear when the
vehicle stops.
A foot-operated clutch is not needed in this case.
TORQUE CONVERTER
The torque converter is a form of fluid coupling . This is a device
that uses a fluid (such automatic-transmission fluid ) and vaned rotors to
transmit power between shafts.
The torque converter is filled with automatic-transmission fluid .
When the engine runs, power flows from the crankshaft through the
fluid to the transmission input shaft.
A drive plate attaches to the engine crankshaft flange. The torque
converter assembly bolts to the drive plate. Inside the fluid-filled circular
housing are three members. They are:
 Impeller
 Turbine
 Stator
TORQUE CONVERTER
The impeller is a vaned rotor connected to the drive plate. This is
the driving member in the torque converter. It always runs at the
engine speed.
The turbine is a vaned
rotor connected to the
transmission input shaft.
This is the driven member
in the torque converter
and normally turns
slower than the impeller.
TORQUE CONVERTER- How it works?
When the engine runs the fluid between the vanes in
the impeller is thrown outward by centrifugal force.
The fluid strikes the turbine vanes. This produces a
rotating force on the turbine and the transmission input shaft
attached to it.
The vanes then directs the fluid toward the center of the
impeller.
STATOR
To make the torque converter more efficient, a third member or
stationary reactor called a stator is placed between the impeller and
turbine. The stator has curved vanes that change the direction of the
fluid after it leaves the turbine.
This causes the fluid to pass
through the impeller and then push
on the turbine vanes again with a
helping force that aids rotation.

The result is torque multiplication


under certain conditions.
Working Principle of Stator
The fluid circulates continually as long as the engine
runs. The continuing push of the fluid on the turbine vanes
increases torque on the turbine.
In many torque converters, the torque is more than
doubled. For each pound-foot [1.35 N-m] of torque entering
the impeller the turbine delivers more than 2 pound-feet [2.7
torque N-m] to the transmission input shaft.
This is torque multiplication. It is needed for
acceleration and occurs only when the impeller turns
faster than the turbine.
One way Clutch
As the vehicle approaches cruising speed, the turbine begins to
‘catch up’ with the impeller. The speed difference between the
impeller and the turbine becomes small.
The fluid leaving the turbine is moving at about the same
speed as the impeller. This fluid could pass directly into the impeller
without stator action. In fact, the stator are now in the way. The fluid
is striking the back sides of the stator vanes.

To allow the stator vanes to move out of the way, the stator mounts on
a one-way clutch. This mechanical device transmits torque in one
direction and permits free rotation in the opposite direction.
One way Clutch

When the speed difference between the impeller and the


turbine is large, the fluid from the turbine tries to spin the stator
backward. This causes the one-way clutch to lock the stator to its
shaft.
When the speed difference is small the clutch unlocks and allows
the stator to freewheel.
There are two types of one way clutch, viz
• Roller Clutch
• Sprag Clutch

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