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LEC 6 Manual Transmission

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35 views

LEC 6 Manual Transmission

Uploaded by

Zahid Hasan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Advanced Vehicle Technology

MTE-4033

Manual Transmission System

Md Shohanur Rahman
Assistant Professor
Dept of MTE, KUET
The Purpose of Transmission or Transaxle

1.Provide the torque needed to move the vehicle under a variety


of road and load conditions. It does this by changing the gear
ratio between the engine crankshaft and vehicle drive wheels.
2. Be shifted into reverse so the
vehicle can move backward.
3.Be shifted into neutral for
starting the engine and running it
without turning the drive wheels

Fig: Transmission System


There are two basic types of transmissions and
transaxles: Manual and automatic.
Manual Transmission and transaxles are shifted manually, or by hand.
Automatic transmissions and transaxles shift automatically with no
help from the driver.

Manual Automatic
Manual Transmission & Transaxles
Older Transmission are three speed units. They have 3 forward gear ratio
or speeds. These are first or low, second and third or high. They also have
reverse and neutral.
Four-speed transmissions and transaxles have been widely used. They
provide first , second , third , and fourth. They also have reverse and
neutral.
Many transmissions and transaxles are five speeds with a fifth forward
gear. Fourth gear in some four-speed units and fifth gear in five-speed
units is overdrive.
The output shaft turns faster than, or overdrives, the input shaft. This allows a
lower engine speed to keep the vehicle moving at its desired road speed. Better
fuel economy and reduced engine wear result, with less noise and vibration.
Components of Gear Box

1. Gears that transmit power.


2.Splined shafts that rotate while other parts slide
on them.
3. Bearings that support the shafts and transfer the
load to the case or housing
Components of a Manual Transmission
Power flow in first gear
Synchronizer
A synchronizer is used to slow down the faster moving of two
gears to be engaged until the two gears are revolving at the same speed
so that they can be engaged quickly, noiselessly and without clashing.
Thus it helps in smooth engagement of gears.
Components of Synchronizer
The synchronizer used in the transmission has synchronizing cones on the
gears and in the synchronizer rings. Three keys fit into slots in the synchronizer
hub. The hub is splined to the transmission output shaft. A pair of ring
shaped synchronizer springs apply a slight outward force against the keys.
The synchronizer sleeve fits over the hub. It has external splines or teeth that
mesh with the internal splines or teeth in the sleeve. The keys have raised
sections that fit in the detent groove in the sleeve.
A detent is a small depression into which another part
moves to provide a locking effect.
Synchronization
Synchronization is a three-stage action.
To shift the transmission into gear, the
synchronizer sleeve is moved toward that gear.
The sleeve slides on the hub splines and
carries the three keys with it. The keys butt
Synchronizer in Neutral
against the synchronizer ring and push it
toward the gear. This brings the cone surface in
the ring into contact with the cone surface on
the gear. Friction between the synchronizer
ring and the gear brings the two into
synchronous rotation. They rotate at the same
speed.
Synchronizer Action
When the external teeth on the synchronizer
ring and on the gear rotate at the same speed,
the sleeve slides over them. This locks the
gear to the shaft and completes the shift.
Power flows from the gear, through the
synchronizer sleeve and hub, to the shaft,
Similar actions take place in synchronizers
used for other gears. Some transmissions have
a synchronizer for reverse.
Synchronizer completes shifts
A transmission that uses synchronizers is
a synchromesh transmission. The shifts are
synchronized and the gears are in constant
mesh.
Dog & Spline Clutch
They are used to lock two shafts together
or to lock a gear to a shaft. It consists of a
sliding sleeve that has two sets of internal splines.
Those of smaller diameter enable it to ride on a
splined shaft and turn with it. The larger internal
splines(or teeth) are designed to match the
external “dog” clutch teeth on the shaft or gear
when the two are connected by the clutch action.
Since this type can only be engaged when both
.
sets of teeth match perfectly, dog clutches are
generally designed to operate in conjunction with
some form of synchronizing mechanism
Three-Speed & Reverse Transmission with Synchronizing Mechanism

There are 3 forward speeds “low or First, ‘Second’ and “high or


Third” and a reverse mechanism.
In high gear the clutch and transmission shafts are locked together so that the
power flows from the engine through the clutch and transmission to the propeller shaft
without reduction of speed, and the speed ratio of the gear is 1:1. In second gear it is
4.5:1 to 6:1 and for the lower one it is 7.5:1 to 10:1.
In reverse gear the ratio is same is the low gear or sometimes a bit
higher than that.

When overdrive is used, a fourth forward speed ratio is provided and


the engine crankshaft speed is 70% of the propeller shaft speed.
Power Flow in Three-Speed Transmission
Power Flow in Neutral
Power Flow in Low Gear

Power Flow in Second Gear

Power Flow in High Gear

Power Flow in Reverse


See Automotive Mechanics-Joseph Heitner Ch-16
Power Flow in Four-Speed Transmission
Power Flow in Neutral.
Power Flow in First Gear.

Power Flow in Second Gear.

Power Flow in Third Gear.

Power Flow in Fourth Gear.

Power Flow in Reverse Gear.


See Automotive Mechanics-Joseph Heitner Ch-16
Assignment
How Neutral Position is obtained by a Planetary Gear? (Roll: 1-6)

How to reduce the speed by using a Planetary Gear? (Roll: 7-12)


How Reverse Gear mechanism can be obtained by Planetary Gear? (Roll: 13-18)

Explain the working of Planetary Gears in Overdrive. (Roll: 19-24)

Explain the working of Planetary Gears in Direct drive. (Roll: 25-30)

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