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Topic 11 - Demolition Safety

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109 views

Topic 11 - Demolition Safety

Uploaded by

Romeo Ryan Martinez
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DEMOLITION SAFETY

B.E.S.O. SAFETY TRAININGS & CONSULTANCY SERVICES


DOLE Accredited OSH Training Organization: No. 1030-061721-127

[email protected] BESO STO


OBJECTIVES

Upon completion of the module, participants will be able to:

• Define what is demolition


• Know how to plan a safe demolition works
• Enumerate the key areas for planning
• List demolition technique
• Identify hazard associated with demolition
CONTENTS

• Definition of demolition works

• Planning in safe demolition works

• Key areas for planning

• Demolition technique/method

• Hazards associated with demolition

• Demolition controls
DEFINITION OF DEMOLITION

DEMOLITION
Tearing down or falling down of a building with the help of
equipment or explosives.

Necessity of Demolition:
• When the building is too old and
cannot be put to further use.
• Structural changes.
• Development of city.
• Structural failure of the building
• Expansions.
PLANNING IN SAFE DEMOLITION
WORKS
KEY AREAS FOR PLANNING
KEY AREAS FOR PLANNING
(SURVEYING)

SURVEYING
Study of different parameters of the structure and its
surroundings:

Things to look at during SURVEYING:

• Record drawings
• The construction materials
• Adjoining properties and site
conditions
• Available site area to demolition
KEY AREAS FOR PLANNING
(REMOVAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS)

REMOVAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS


• Asbestos containing material
• Soil contamination material
• Polychlorinated by-phenyls

Asbestos is a deadly mineral that can Exposure to PCB may cause liver
cause many serious diseases including damage, damage to the nervous and
mesothelioma. immune system, and cancer.
KEY AREAS FOR PLANNING
(PREPARATION OF PLAN)

• The location of the building to be demolished. A layout


plan of all floors of the building to be demolished
• Disconnect live services (electricity, gas, drainage and
sewage systems except water)
• Fans or covered walkways may be needed to catch falling
objects. Typical dust screen provision to protect building and
minimize disturbance to public during demolition.
KEY AREAS FOR PLANNING
(PREPARATION OF PLAN)

• Provide site hoardings where necessary (about 2.4m high).


KEY AREAS FOR PLANNING
(PREPARATION OF PLAN)

• The structural support systems.


• Temporary props may be required to support unstable
structures.
• Structural calculation to justify the proposal.
KEY AREAS FOR PLANNING
(PREPARATION OF PLAN)

• Methodology. Proposed sequence of carrying out work.


• Detail of equipment used, with methods of raising, lowering
or supporting the equipment.

Typical sectioning/ sequencing arrangement of Remain fragments from pulled-


work during demolition. down structure to be removed
afterward.
KEY AREAS FOR PLANNING
(PREPARATION OF PLAN)

• Proposed methods of handling and disposing of the


demolished materials.
• Remove debris as it builds up to prevent floors/walls from
collapsing.
• The areas around the shaft should be properly fenced or
propped so that the extra weight of the debris can be taken
up.
KEY AREAS FOR PLANNING
(PREPARATION OF PLAN)

• Minimum disturbance plan/program (e.g., dust and noise


control).
• Shoring support to the adjoining building after demolition.
METHODS OF DEMOLITION
(1. PIECEMEAL DEMOLITION)

PIECEMEAL DEMOLITION
• This technique is normally carried out by contractors using manual
tools which are portable.
• This method particularly suitable for use in smaller site with
congested space where larger machine cannot be employed.

Tools used in manual demolition:


• Sledge hammer
• Jack hammers
• Drills
METHODS OF DEMOLITION
(2. MECHANICAL METHOD DEMOLITION)

MECHANICAL METHOD DEMOLITION


involves knocking down buildings through mechanical tools
such as cranes, bulldozers, excavators, rams and, yes, the
wrecking ball.
METHODS OF DEMOLITION
(2. MECHANICAL METHOD DEMOLITION)

WRECKING BALL METHOD:


The destruction of the building is caused
by the impact energy of the steel ball
suspended from a crawler crane.

MACHINE/EQUIPMENT
METHOD:
Demolition by the help of mechanical
equipment. Same as the top-down manual
method, except that most of the demolition
begins with the lifting of the mechanical
plant on to the building top floor.
METHODS OF DEMOLITION
(2. MECHANICAL METHOD DEMOLITION)

PUSHER ARM TECHNIQUE:


The building is pushed over in stages by a
horizontal force from a machine, usually a
back-acting excavator. The machine should
stand on a firm level base and apply force by
a controlled movement of the pusher arm.

ROBOTIC BREAKER:
Specially designed breaking/cutting
machines, usually track mounted, are
used to demolish some smaller structural
elements such as thin walls, stairs, slab
or parapet etc.
METHODS OF DEMOLITION
(3. EXPLOSIVE DEMOLITION)

EXPLOSIVE DEMOLITION
is a method of demolishing buildings and structures by
removing their pillars, walls, and other key structural elements
with a small amount of explosives, thereby reducing their
structural stability, and leading them to collapse under their
own weight.

Blasting cap or electrical


detonator

Blasting machine
HAZARDS ASSOCIATED WITH
DEMOLITION

• Difficult access for workers entering into a building under


demolition.
• Partially demolished structure is hazardous and may
easily collapse and create accident.
• Heavy machinery used in demolition may have risk of
collapse due to insufficient support.
HAZARDS ASSOCIATED WITH
DEMOLITION

• Accommodation of too much debris during demolition


can impose intolerable loading to the disturbed structure.

• Typical congesting neighborhood condition for


demolishing small buildings within urban environment.
DEMOLITION CONTROLS

• Careful assessment and planning of the work to eliminate


hazards where possible, e.g. selecting a demolition method
that keeps workers away from the immediate area, such as
a long-reach machine or a crane and ball.

• Elimination or control of work at height.

• Structural surveys to assess the strength and stability of


the structure and adjacent structures; propping and
supporting may be necessary to prevent collapse.

• Assessing the strength and stability of floors to ensure


that plant, machinery, and debris put on those floors do not
exceed their tolerance.
DEMOLITION CONTROLS

• Disconnection of services (e.g. gas, electricity, water).


• Removal and disposal of any hazardous materials, such
as asbestos, prior to demolition.
• Securing the site with fencing or hoardings to create a
buffer zone and exclude unauthorized people.
• Damping down with water spray to reduce dust creation.
OSHS RULE 1417:
DEMOLITION SAFETY
OSHS RULE 1417.01

• All demolition operations of building or other structure


over six (6) meters high shall be under supervision of a
competent person.

• No person except the workers who are directly engaged


in the demolition shall enter a demolition area to within a
distance equal to 1 1/2 times the height of the structure
being demolished

• Where this distance is not possible the structure shall be


fenced around and no unauthorized person shall be
allowed within the fenced area
OSHS RULE 1417.02: DEMOLITION
WORK

• On every demolition work, danger signs shall be posted


around the structure and all doors and opening giving
access to the structure shall be kept barricaded or guarded.

• Demolition work shall not commence until:


– all necessary steps have been taken to prevent injury to any person
or damage to adjoining property, and
– all existing gas, electrical and other services likely to endanger a
worker shall have been shut off or disconnected.

• Prior to demolition all glass shall:


– be removed from windows and other locations, or
– otherwise shall be protected so that there is no possibility of
breakage at any stage of the demolition
OSHS RULE 1417.02: DEMOLITION
WORK

• Prevent the accidental collapse of any part of the building


or structure being demolished or any adjacent building.

• Demolition shall proceed systematically, storey by


storey, in a descending order

• No building or any part of the structure shall be


overloaded with debris or materials.

• Adequate precautions shall be taken to avoid danger from


any sudden twisting, springing or collapse of any steel
or ironwork cut or released.

• Stairs and stair railings, passageways and ladders shall


be demolished last.
questions
KEY POINTS

• The choice of choosing a demolition method depends


on a number of factors such as the project conditions,
site constraints, sensitivity of the neighborhood and
availability of equipment etc.

• Each site has its specific features and conditions. The


method, including detail procedures, shall be designed to
accommodate the specific project requirements.

• In general, demolition should be done in the reverse


order of construction.
THAT WOULD BE ALL. THANK YOU!

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