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TP Unit No. 04&05

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Rushikesh Gaikwad
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17 views

TP Unit No. 04&05

Notes of pic

Uploaded by

Rushikesh Gaikwad
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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‘hot do you mean by equation_of chon, There are two types of equation-of change for igo.” thermal system $$ 1)Continuity equation.> Equation of —chonge of M055. |_qmomentam. {Shot do you mean by 1) partial tyme olerivatin Total time derivativ: |_ 23) Supstantial time derivatinvi oR Physical Significance of FC ,dc oF OG : oé dé ot LD) partial time derivative (6c )_- Vote L Suppose that we stand on -btigge and = f¥Avolume ATAYAZ, i —— £ I = [— > 4 | \ps th — Wy T BEsgas 5; i‘ Here flaid Flows along all three di: ections md }- “momentum can varaying along all three direction i [ At unsteady state anomentum balonce eg” j by | given a: ie __f Rate of momen-|- (Kate of mome-)+ (sum of force | [LU toon in 7 \ntam out (acting ‘on system jl L | = _( Rate of change of \ f Thomentom wr.time] C7 fi I | Comsider _« component of moment, Rate of x momenwm | - im by viscous flow | = Caz/p ayaa & I at 2 co ——___|! | (Rate of x momentum | [Min by Viscous fiow _) s Curly aea2 | F | ot y | / Rate of & momentum | [Kin bg ‘Visco few ] = T20] Dyer ——_] ! at 2° ore ‘a [ee A pwote Of Z momentum in | = —S 7 ita flow ob a F (save) p 2962 “a 1 | " ate_of 2% ™M i mm R ‘ omentum in | = ( KITS VAY I Incerb Newton law's of viscosity- | Cx2 5 §gxcoss -~-4 dV2_ =§gtcse | dx | dVv2 = ~§gx0058 da a | I (ise of gation of change “to Solve mamentum | “frons fe? for Oo-O7Tdingte Use Vavier stoke i equation af notion to————. Obtain differential ” for etooit jsteritactio#—___ i for flow of Marraw sit a, —~—_ 1 2 cempon rib. oF equation motion in cartesiot |_ co-ordinate system is given ESE Tl LL = - = [for flow of fluid im morrow 1) V2 #F(b) 2) Ve = Vy =o iM 3) Vs =f Ce) ~ 4) V2 + fC y 2) . 5) Cys = Taz =o 6) tae =fctu) 7) dp = Po-PL 62 bE &) 92 =9 \A\A\A from eg? TO: (id, o =~ dtz2 + Po-pl +§9 i do co * (dtxe = (Po-pe) ( de J (ae THIS ( PO“PLIE L | " =| Use Naow'er stokes ¢1 ion of tmotion te abtpin.. differential _eq™ for locity oisivib ution for FF Horizontal shit ~ component of equation af motion in_cattesion. t Tt Co~ ordinate system is __given_o: n [$22 +e 602 + Vy 62 _ +V2 BE Ex bx oy =-f dt +6 cues cez] spe f Stas pa ox oy [for_flow of horizontal Slit ue 1) vs + F(t) =2 6 assume sia Samael 2) Ux =Vy =e 3) V2 =fCx) 4) %2 + (ya) 5) yz =T22 =o 6) tz2 =F¢n) 7) ~SP = po-Pe aan 2 a &) 92 50 QO =-dta2 + Po-pPL da L (odtzg = Po-PL) (dx 5 Cr a) Cae = Po-PLy a t+oy L ——— ) oR Melocity clistrib uti ( tribution for flow +hauoh pips 1 4 for flow of Fluid through Pipes we assume that I ') Us + F(t) ‘| | 2) Vr = Ve =o i 3)Vs =£¢7) i 4j V2 $F (t04 ms 5) Tor = se =o i 6) Gre = fcr) os 7) ~SP = po-pe bi g2 u iy €) §2=9 : “34 component of eg? of motion in _gylindrical —~co-o7dinete System Teduces to Ly — 4 Leu fr ¢ ¢ + éve\ ]~5P +892 ~~] “a7 61 VO dt J Il 6% x ~~] 4 “Los uw a (trdv2)| +Po-Pt +§9 x | Tat cat / L i ~N_] wa a (Td. y+ Po~Pe Toor da ve Ge, a dtr = ane rs 9 PL vt T | dye =~ (Po-pe) 7? el at \2ub I Boundry condition, l Pato C12 so dvs = ° | ofr C1 So dv2 2 —( Po-pe) ar 24 (dv2 = ~ (po-Pt) (yar / Que | U2 = ~ ( Po-Pt) v2 + 2 4 f Va ae iL i | BoundtTy condition { rsh 1V2 =o 26a = ( po-pe j Rt | Vo4gan J ! | De =~ (Po-pL) +2 4 Po-PL) @% [| Vue Ade | | Oe = (Po-mejer fj ~ a 5 Aue © 2} "te Th 1s expression of Welocity distribution Consider -fow of ftuid through the pipe of diamatan | to’ for time %*. Avg. velocity of Fluicl 97" | and density js vibso >} Novier stoKe ic equation js given a SOV = - VPA uv? OtEg --(2) Ot 2 Various dimension less patameter_o define a below. Pfft =f I vk =ov mf - a yit= py? i Wk - a mo, Ay \j — t¥ stv = 6.7m m — e ms ~~] 5 p* = p-po = ko) : tf B02 6: m2 x | | 4 —} be B q from eq? no. ci) Viv viki= oS v* ve <0 iy \ \ \ \ This_is_dimension le: A\\ | From €9” no.(2 Jy vippe a) v* [PX ev2tPo] l o+* o a + UVR? VX +89 oF Sv2_Ovt = ~ 302 ve px +uy_ vt? V* 189 O° Dt o 0? mutlply ond divide by gv? I oO | DV = -v* p®y uv p ve VUFieg D | ot* 02 goo - §v% = |_Ove soviet + fa vi “o* 4p 9D 7 | oF evo | LF vet — ——_|| | This is dimensionless form of eq? of motion— Joa | 4m dimension! form of quation of ration, — T i T a |_Scolar foctot ote concentrated in oimension | fe, gtoup os below | 1) Re = SUD ~— J ee WW) Fro > ] ¥go fal ( Scaloa factor ore those_factms_which determin a | i 5 Wo ie, [ (gu of the System | | 4 ‘ ~ | thot dimen jones. Reynold number 2 froud number, me. then +o system ore describe by. identical -T ai Sj _ e similot. Tf in_oddition to this, boundey condition a : _L-ore_al o Sane tp two system then He velocity “=, | sourtis vr firth pr el 5 ore also same two System. Tuo system ote describe bu_identica! mathematical eg”. Such System OTe af oid to be dynamically Similar — = | Derivation Tj) Stormet iscommetet st | a7 coutte- Hatschele “viscometer. 74 | ! ~ I 7 I 1 . | t ] —] i i { t | i ! | Tutorial ‘No. o7 | Unit V- Imterphose Hons port, ip, isoth Ure _———— —— ——————. [Tj-fa Derive expression. of -(-fannmy)-derietig | pricttom factor, — — —————— |_ Consider flow_o ffi tail throug. bt eu eas |_D" .and engi Lt ond_ovg.velocitg ts <7. u—______|__The force exerted by fluid_on _solid_autfoce ig | of two type TERK = force exerted when Fluid i flowing ocioted with Kinetic behoyiouy force a. of -fluiol Fis_is defined as_ptoduct of Characteristic atea A” Kimetic energy per unit Avolume |" friction factor. ‘Ff / +} i} Lamy 1 | FR s AKF ---- cy) | 8 is addition of pressure and gravity force | Fr = (Po-PL) MR? + 8greR2L | FR = (po-Pe) RR? ---¢2) ees Po-PL = Po-PLdg eq? mo. (1) & (2) c c AKF = (Po -pe) rere t 2reRL aa SSU>?F = (Po-pL)eR® 2ExXi g= (Po-pLyR* BAL -'. Po-pL - = 8UsSU> r aa = G2ZASUR | 07 === (2) substutat eg” mo. (2) in 9” (1) fom xX G2U l | 23 = 4xo.00n 314 x (0-0g)> | 5 15569 mks friction factor eq” is given _o, |. Feo Po~Pu. H ALi g <5? {| a ee eee | Po-PL = si N/m por Pl =_2 * 0.0063 X935 » ' S569 )2 & ai * c oR. Oetive Blake Ko2eny equation £07 larnin Or flow “thr ough packed bed OR. Oerive Burke Plummer eg” for turbulent flaw, through, packed bed Derive eg? of Friction factor through lominod flow turb-flow : . “EN Toagh packed 6: Consider Flot of Fluid through packed bed Pen gb diameter 'O' and Length 1’. Assume that packing is that phearlcal pare. Anwerage AVelocity | r SVU> = (Po-Pu ee BAL Rh = hydraulic radin: | LLL ff Rh is defined as, Rh = cross section available fot flow wetted perimeter f = R* Ley) — Rh = Volume of voit Particle sutface G7EO \ VAN * t (Volume of Voit _) a L Rh = \ ~orame of bed + (particle aurface area | h H Volume of bed - Rhs 6 - Ca) » a | Gy= Particle surface area { Volume of particie Ove I-6) =/particie surface atee_| (1 ~ Volume of ris Volume of particle ‘oltre of bes i = particle surface area _¥ Volume of particle wolutme of particle Volume of bed |_ av (ire) = a ---- (4) ay = KDp* re Dp? CS |_ substitute eg? (2) tos) ; ' a] S ) in, equation no. C1) a SV > Cpespeje? 2G Bae | aT |e Crone) 4 nt é Bae _4 pew jo = (Po-PL)S 6% 2uk a2 = (Po-Pt) 6? } gul oa? Ci-el =_(Po-PL je? xDp* | aut (1-6)* X36 (Po -pL) 62 Dp” 2ul (i-€)* X36 _ above “L’ is length fetlew- of the column whi- hid taken im above 29” fength_of +he column but fluid follow stortous path length of which ts ; great a than the length of column To _compencate | fo this, ‘2° of above equation is replaced by factor r f bet? 2-5 and ig replaced by 25 6 "> abow eg” becom | (Po-P+) 629 Dp~ = (po-P) 63 pp™ ~~ FACS UL (Jee). nl (1-6 )2 X3E%: See 7 __ — - - s A. % SS 0 CIE “s = Se oe this is Bloke Kozeny Fluid ae | Scmtechiogs —aatar fu a a ee hs -Turbuleart flow ae L. ftistion factor eq” is_glven_o. a Hl | =o po-p. TT Be Att gsvxt 2 f Fo = (Po ~pe) 62 x2 x2 xh LC H ZSLV.* fo =2( po-mL EXE L8%Vo* Xay (1-6) ih | fo = 2 (Po-Pi)63 Op f 6 UW2L (1-6) x6 i t |. Po-pe = (sf) OE CES) oe i { - Es Dee Le L | form the experimental finding Efos3. we a I Po-PL = 75 EU (1 ~-@ Lee ) ——~_ en ep Ver ft ~—— i This is Burke Plummer e97 fet tundutent_eg? fo Ft : | / a | | Eas combining eg” C?) amd (8) | = 150 UV. 1-6)3 rE Cc = JP + 175 ga502 Fine) = Op Ve | Po-PL(sp 6? . A Ct ee? Ce) =180uve (126)" kop 6? Ue oa Pe e3-_ Us" (1-6) a +h Al 75 ae | (Pe-Pt\ Sop 6? = 150 (I-6) + 1-75 an Go? (1~s) (2G ) | AL | This expression ig Known ag frguns equation. t ignificonce - {= Ergun: equation i. opolit able to “Void vonge if pressure drop. Ablow flow rots 274 term of above ey” get ——_ comnel an 7 qeduces to Blake Kozeny eg? for fominar flow Fr At higher-flow) rot 15¢ term of obo eg? get cancel _& ge meduces to Bulkey olumanet eg? fo — | terbutent flow oe ALS a ama] Ls AeAieal werk (areas fluid enter ot plate ci) ond leaves at plate (2) f wo Sectae_| ue | —era-sl a | | at unsteady state, mass balance eq” is given o. | (rate of mass _)~/ Rate of mass Jae (Rate of Change | [Xin J \ out mass wt |* i l time Ht 1S2 5 (miot ) L dé f | Wi = Wa = a (mot) f I ag | tohete Mote! js total mass of fluicl in the syste : i [sa Cameos ) = Aw l dé This is_anoss balance equation of unsteady (stole I T “ At st: “ : t feady state =alo =o : Alo =o I lo1= Wo — STOPIO MASS balance ey” ce stead) S| state cy _ > > Toy? Al ging oo fii enter at plone C1) ond leaves fluid a c) & (a) * fluid out > mechani coh wrk ze T a = : St_unstendy stote, Macmscapic mass balance equction. —+ Is_given_a. . ot - SuINof - | ( Rate of Tomen-_| ~ ¢ Rate of mome |4/fForces + 7 pote ofcha- \\ tam in tEAM Out Uf acting } (n9¢ of mom entem DFE \syoterm” Tt aoe aE eisvite*s: ~ gas Us>52 +PiS) ~PiS2 +mM449 -F force I sa _(Ptot) ene Fie ref geea 1 ae Ewa Sge 1hac] i yste-mn Fs force exerted by the flow on he colicl Gurfoce, Wi< Bi> - W2 Ft PIS! —P2s2tmrot 9 = =a (Peal 7 | -af p J ot — lL balance equation Exgiain Macro. opic (mechanical) TeIgy balance equation ll oR. | i f—Gernoullis ep uation — ‘} consider the system os shown in fig i i Heat img o ) e (2) fluid Fluid E (2) | [in t 1 (mechanical work z | Aluisk nter_ot_plone land leaves ot plane (21 At unsteady state * a macrascopic enerpy balance eg” given o. gate of energy )~ ¢ oe oF energy ) = (Rate of mecha, J oad “work = Rate frictional = fe ch 1 t (a of } (Se: fe of change of event} loos in the system. a | x ty fF 3 VSP 4+b+G Jw -w-£y = (Kips tO ee a a [phere, Stotal ,Otota' € Atot. are Kinetic encigy | potential energy & Holtzman free energy rest [G66 ore potential ensag, 14-5-gibbs free energy Tw is the 79te at which system perform neehanical, em watk on the surroundin: | . | ‘ [Br = frictional lass Le cechémical_ energy confetted — im_heab — | we mass flow rate, 6 =a [at steady stat G26 D divide py WD = = AO Bo oe see Ca 4 Tf there is no mechanical Work then a) < BS84 2G04+4G + EV = 2Zi oe poy, (3 + EV —l ay > S — this is macroscopic energy balonce equation, also “+ known oa Bernoullis equation for real lich 1 Lor ideal fiuid “EV =0 — [ Tncompressibt 7 Gamat Hibe on cro. ectianal aren“ which empties | 1enL, 7 . | inte a lorger tube of crs 4 ce a az pression LL r Hactoscopic balances ta get ex Lop } Pleasure tise and frictional lo. i ; pC +} Consider flow of fluid through the tube of cans 7 | sectional area ‘si which empties imtoo. larger 2 ; "g2! ala, ae Foss sel Hea! area a6 shoum in fig ! — f l [we | fiir > Fluid one I Po (4Jl Macroscopic mass balancs Ab_steady stort I Wi > W2 1VUIS) = BIV252 8 = <> 5 V0, + Vox 2 | 3a an 3: = 2% | GB | (8) Moceoscopie momentum balance = w=3vA WO) ~ 102 < B25. + pis ~ Pasasc (Pa=Pi)G2 =e $2002 f <8 - TOA? | -, <% 3> + P2-Pi t Ey =0 2 ast > 8 © b = — be Ev sf <32> ~ <%3> ]- P2-P) i a <> 1 8 pS i i By si f 904 1+ (We)%2 pam | age LE 2 aa I a Js { “a - it ‘| = 7 i a Si vf (1 +173 -4] iy _ ye? > i Zz CNS 12/2 4 @ 2 £ | Si Me*f 5s xe! -4 7-2 cS il a U2 a q 7S ae , 4 f Swe" f 5S =4 -1 4 a t Ute 8 & I = = Vo (45732-8 | 2502 i VO 44 144 ay —— se ee ‘4 his is Expression Of frictional Loss due to mixing. mm vege | pti Balance 29? con writin _| | | IE ation tataneal a utes system i rh ee pe Smaller tern con | 171 i: not be ignore [7 | p—ignoe Tr} Plug Flow tenctor Th} Mixed flow Teactor. Ww) This ore di ctibed TjThis ore dis ctibed hi by Poe. ove WV) This ore alse cated AZ) This ote also cated o, ~2s_disttibuted lumped parameter ‘modei | porom et ‘T_mocel, EEL

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