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Elephants are massive mammals that evolved from small pig-like ancestors. Key evolutionary trends included increasing size, development of the trunk/proboscis, and modification of teeth from blunt to grinding. Modern elephants include African and Asian species.

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8 views

Adobe Scan May 10, 2024

Elephants are massive mammals that evolved from small pig-like ancestors. Key evolutionary trends included increasing size, development of the trunk/proboscis, and modification of teeth from blunt to grinding. Modern elephants include African and Asian species.

Uploaded by

harish9419913
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Introduction

" Elephants are giants (huge and


massive)of the animal kingdom.
"Elephants are include the order
Proboscidea under the class
Mammalia.
" It contains only 2 living
genera
1.elephas(Asian Elephants)
2.Loxodonta (African
Elephants).
"Mammoth was
largest mammal).extinct(which was the
Evolutionary trends
" The evolution of elephants shows following
trends
"1.increase in size and weight.(from pig like
todays massive elephants). size to
" 2.development of proboscis by the
upper lips. elongation of
3.formatation of heavy head.
4.formatation of pillar like limbs.
"
5.formatation of 2nd pair of incisors in to tusk.
6.modificatation
crown of molars from
is rounded /blunt) bunodont(molar
to lophodont
having grinding surface)dentition. (teeth
Salient features of elephants
"Elephants are huge having weight about 6-7 In
tonnes. And limbs are very thick.
"The limbs are thick
"They have pillar like.
of foot like
"They
plantigrade
human). posture(walk on sole
have a long
"
Nostrils are proboscis
"They apresent at tip of
or trunk.
i"The have
teeth).pair of
ncisorpinnae the
proboscis.
Evolutionary trends
"The evolution of elephants shows following
trends
1.increase in size and weight.(from pig ike size to
todays massive elephants).
2.development
upper lips.
of proboscis by the elongation of
"3.formatation of heavy head.
4.formatation of pillar like limbs.
"5.formatation of 2nd pair of
" incisors in to tusk.
6.modificatation of molars from
crown rounded /blunt) to bunodont(molar
is
lophodont (teeth
having grinding surface<dentition.
Systemtic position of modern
elephant
"Kingdom-animalia
"Phylum-chordata
" Class-mammalia
"Order-proboscidae.
" Family-Elephantidae
"Genus-loxodonta, elephas.
Main stages in the evolution of
elephants ReceammotnLoxodonta
Elephes
" 1.moeritherium. Amert
" 2.palaeomastodon
"3.bunomastodon stegolophdon
locee
"4.tetralophodon plocee TehkaBophodon
"5.stegolophodon
Miocene Bundmastodon
"6.mammuthus
"7.Elephus Olgocet palaeomastolon
"8.Loxodonta
Eocene Meetthesiom
Mam tu Loxwdnt
Recent
Ex
hnet
Plestrene MastoQ
extin
P:ocene
1
Miocene Di nutheri m

phi onmia Pal aeo mattedn


Moeritherium
The recent ancestor of elephant is Moeritherium.
" It lived during Eocene period.
"Itextinct during Oligocene.
Itwas swamp dweller.
Its size looks like a pig.
"It had no proboscis.
" Bunodont-blunt teeth.so it chew the leafs.
ADiastem(space between teeth) was present.
" Hooves present in toes.
" Ocipital bone of long.
2nd pair of incisors in upper and lower jaw enlargeing.
Palaeomastdon
" It was the main line of elephant
evolution.
" Its arose.from
Moeritherium.
"Tusk was
upper tuskpresent
in both jaw,
is more
than lower tusk. elongated
" P[robosis was
" Skull had short.
large air sacs.
"It lived
during
Bunomastodons

" It arose from palaeomastodon.


" It was tusk in both jaw.
" Probosis was long.
Tetralophodon UUUL
" It lived during Pliocene.
"Its proboscis similar to that of modern
elephants.

" Four tusks were present as in


tetralophodon.
" Each molar had 4 plates present.
" It was the main line of evolution and
give rise to stegolophodon.
STEGOLOPHODON

was the main line of evolution of modern elephant.


" It
were long and the lower tusks were absent.
"The upper tusks
" It lived during Pliocene.
From this 3 modern elephants arises.
"

Mammoths Afian elephants Asianuphant


CLoxoduotn) (Eiepha)
iny
1.MAMMOTHS

" It was the largest mammal, but they


were extinct.
"They lived during Pleistocene.
"They covered by dense coat of hair.
" 50 mammoth were discovered from
ice beds of Siberia.
2.LOXODONTA(African elephants)
" They have great palm leaf like ears.
" These are not domesticated and do not used as work animals.
3.Elephas (Asian elephant)
" Asian elephants earsare
comparativelysmaller in
size.
" These are domesticated.
" The elephants seen in
circus are Asian
elephant.

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