FORMULAS: 18. I = (d75 - d25) / 2 x d50 (0=perfect, Multotec Guarantee 0.

46)
T Solids t/hr 19. Recover (corrected) = (Rec - αH2O) / (1 - αH2O)
M Pulp m3/hr 20. αH2O = Wu / Wf x 100
-g/l- Pulp g/l 21. Split to u/f = Tu / Tf x 100
W Water m3/hr 22. P = 22 x Do x Pp x 10 min P for cyclone
Du Spigot dia 23. Feed pipe ID = √ (Q / velocity) x 18.8
Do Vortex finder dia WHERE VELOCITY: Pump = 2.0–2.5m/s AND Gravity =
Di Inlet dia 1.0m/s
Dc Cyclone dia MUST: inlet area <= total outlet area
QFlow 24. Area = Pi x r2
P Pressure 25. Circumference = Pi x d
Rv Material split to underflow 26. Volume = Pi / 4 x d2 x h
DHead 27. Orifice (cm) = 4th route (Q2 / h in m)
C Capacity 28. m = 1.785714 @ imperfection of 0.46 [m = 1 / (Imp + 0.1)
VVolume 29. Bond = Wi x T x 10 (EF1;EF2; EF3…)*(1/√P80 – 1/√F80)
20% more efficiency with closed circuit
1. %Sw/w = (100 ρsolids (ρpulp – ρliquid)) / (ρpulp (ρsolids – ρliquid)) Index = 7-9 Soft; 9-14 Med; 14-20 Hard; >20 Very Hard
2. %Sw/w = [(ρsolids x {ρpulp-1})/(ρpulp x {ρsolids -1})] 30. Rosin-Rammler: R = 100 e^-(X / X’)n AND
3. %Sv/v = %Sw/w x ρpulp / ρsolids Log(Log(100/R)) vs LogX
4. %Sv/v = g/l / (ρsolids x 10) X’ = X / (-Ln x R/100) ^1/n
5. Du = (√ Underflow volume / qty) x 10 31. CLR = %U/F / (100 - %U/F) [ONLY FOR 1 STAGE]
6. Du = Dua √ Rvr / Rva a=actual & r=required REMEMBER TO WORK WITH W:S TO GET %U/F
7. W= (T / ρsolids) / M x 100 45-50 in underflow 32. 3.5 : 1 MED : ORE = 4.5 THUS Volpulp / 4.5 = Volsolids
8. M= (T / %Svv x ρsolids x 10) x 1000 (DMS)
9. M= [(T/ ρsolids) +(W/ ρliquid)] 33. FOR DIFFERENT D's SQRT(D1/D2) = C1/C2 (DMS)
10. W= [(ρliquid)x(M-{T/ ρsolids })]
11. T= [(rd x M x %S)/100]
12. rd = [(T+W)/M]
13. g/l = T / M x 1000
14. g/l = [vol 5S x 10 x lsol]
15. g/l = [(T x 1000)/M]
16. Rv = [(Mcyclone U/F / Mcyclone feed)x100]
17. Spigot = [(Mcyclone U/F / No cyclones)0.5x10
 Cyclones Points to remember
FEED: ROT (o/f:u/f) – Solid mass
Classification split.
10-15%Svv (23-32%Sww / 1.17- Dewatering 95:5
1.25) = Good efficiency. <15um
FC = PU Fine Cut Cyclones True dia except 40=37mm
15-30%Svv (53.6% / 1.51) = OK. Desliming 90:10 15-45um
VV = PU Cyclones All true dia >30%Svv = inefficient. (FOR Au) Classification 80:20
HP = PU + Steel re-enforce @ 4Bar
All true dia 45-150um
HAVV = VV Steel + 12mm Al2O3 All true dia (Interchange 70:30 45-150um
with VV) 9x Pipe straight before cyclone & Special (Flat Bottom) 150-
HC = MS 25LRL Dia-30mm PD+equal out lengths. 300um
HCLD = MS 25LRL Head & FRC Dia-30mm (Interchange Screening >300um
15LRL with HC) Feed pipe must be same size as LD circuits = ~1.1 Do.
HCP = MS10PU Head & FRC10PU RBM only & special paint cyclone and self-supporting. Min Du short circuiting &
cone UNDERFLOW: acceptable coarse in Do.
HA = HC MS + 12mm Al2O3 Dia-30mm (Interchange ~ 45-47.5%Svv.(68.8-71% / 1.76- HD circuits >1.3 Do.
with HC) 1.81) & COAL= 35-40%Svv More Du short circuiting &
HR = 25mm rubber lined Head&Bl Coarse distribution rope many coarse in Do.
+ HC cones [HCX1050&1200] ~53%Svv (5-10%>d50)
PC = Ribbon MS Head & DISCONTINUE (Head = Fine distribution rope ~45- LIFE MONTHS
FRC15LRL cone steel) 48%Svv (5-10%>d50) SPANS:
R = OLD bonded 10mm rubber DISCONTINUE O/E +24
Change when Du @ 85% of Do Inlet Head 18-24
SD/SC = USA only – SiC DISCONTINUE
αH2O = short circuiting Do +24
MAX = MS + 25mm Al2O3
ROT Roping = 0.2*Pp+52 Barrel 18-24
HY = MAX head&Bl&Du + Cast Where tramp metal is Stacker 75 – 80%Sw/w MAX Upper Cone 12-18
iron cone present. Mid Cone 8-12
ROPE: MAX Du%Svv = 62.3(1-
exp(-50% micron size in Du / Lower Cone 6-8
60))
Milling %Svv 50% um in Du PU Du 1-3
Passing (%) Factor 35.2 50 SiC Du 6-9
98.8 0.49 39.0 60 FB – MSA 12-14
95 0.65 45.9 80 FB – PU 6-8
90 0.79 50.5 100
80 1.06 53.9 120
70 1.36 58.6 170 PENDING Pressure & feed size
60 1.77 60.0 200 distribution & conditions.
50 2.34
VERTICAL CYCLONE: INCLINED CYCLONE: WATER INJECTION DEWATERING:
Wide range feed Q & P = stable LD circuits = d50 & Eff = CYCLONE:
vortex. vertical. Only on vertical cyclones. Injected -10um = MAX 20% in cyclone
HD circuits = d50 20% coarser. water is 50% of alpha water. feed after circulation buildup.
Different Du RD due to head in Stable Du RD at different CLR. All injected water go to Do Not finer than 75%-75um.
cyclone. Vary Du volume. (replace current Du water). Cutpoint 10-15um.
Roping = d50 increase. Up to 50% reduced Du short 50% of fines fraction (-75µm) Max Du = 29.5%Svv. (1.50
Wet = <d50 BUT >Du short circuiting. reduced Du short-circuiting. Au)
circuiting. Have min P; < air core collapse. 5m3/hr vs 25m3/hr needed for Max Do = 6%Svv
(constant volumetric capacity.) dilution water (get same effect). αH2O 20-25%.
High Du wear. Lower Du wear. PLITT: 1.2d50
Do short circuiting less – coarse Angle > can drain when
HC & PC Cyclones VV Cyclones
pulled to Du by gravity. stopped. Dc Min Max Dc Min Max
PLITT: 1.2d50 & 1.5Du (mm m3/h m3/h d50 @ (mm m3/h m3/h d50 @
) r r 100kPa ) r r 100kPa
STACKER CYCLONE: SLIMES DAM CYCLONES: 250 45 100 25 100 8 22 14
<70kPa pressure drop ideal. [1] <10% -30um. 350 72 183 28 165 19 56 16
420 126 287 31 250 45 110 25
>1.5m overflow below Du. [2] <10% -10um & <30% - 500 161 407 34 350 72 205 28
30um. 600 212 577 35 FC Cyclones
>15kPa vacuum. Du must be freestanding heap. 750 330 798 38 25 0.2 1.6 6
900 486 1184 40 40 0.9 5.1 8
Discharge must be sealed 15-25% split to Du. 1050 646 1579 43 75 3.3 16.8 25
(tank/orifice). 1200 938 2062 51
1400 1127 2755 55
ONLY HC & be bonded rubber. 68-75%Sww in Du.
Feed = 100t/[email protected] and Underflow = 45%Svv & 70% Split:
PLITT: 1.2d50 & -20kPa & HC420-20-0/A-A/80 @ 51.1um @ 91kPa
1.3Du
Dc Nom Min Max Dc Nom Min Max Dc Nom Min Max
BACKFILL CYCLONE: FLAT BOTTOM CYCLONE: 40 or 40 or
<20% -45um. Bed build-up = difficult to rope. 25 290 250 350 250 Ave DSM 100 750 Ave DSM 100 or 10D
40 or
Maximum +75um. Less fines short circuiting to Du. 40 300 200 350 350 Ave DSM 100 900 Ave DSM 100 or 10D
Minimum αH2O (~5%). Gravity pull coarse to classify. 40 or
65 220 150 250 420 Ave DSM 100 1050 Ave DSM 100 or 10D
Feed 10%Svv (max = 15%). Du volume and density constant. 40 or
Hi u/f ~40-47%Svv Different SG feed material = 75 220 150 250 500 Ave DSM 100 1200 Ave DSM 100 or 10D
40 or
1Stage ~38%U/F. coarse low density to Do. 100 150 100 170 600 Ave DSM 100 1400 Ave DSM 100 or 10D
2&3Stage ~50%U/F. Difficult to model.
165 100 80 130
1Stage <75%-75um. Wide range feed Q & P = stable
DSM: (vertical) 5pgh [h=Dc] and (inclined) 7pgh [h=Dc]
2Stage 80-85%-75um. vortex.
Wear ~ P2.5
3Stage >85%-75um. PLITT: [4]1.5d50 & [3]2d50 &
When calculating add 1m safety.
[2]2.5d50 & [1]3d50 &
Pressure calc same as DMS Pressure (kPa) = ρgh where h = meter
[0]3.5d50
 Volume (m3/hr)

300

280

260

240

220

200

180

160

140

120

100
CUTPOINTS etc:

280
d50 x 2.5 = d100 FOR COAL: d50 * 1.5 to 1.6 !!!
SINGLE CYCLONE: [i.e. P70 of 75um =
P98.8 x 0.49 = d50 1.36 * 75 = 102um d50]

260
248; 50
P95 x 0.65 = d50
P90 x 0.79 = d50 John Young MILLING CYCLONE d50:

240
P80 x 1.06 = d50 P80 * 1.15 = d50 (can use 1.20)

216; 47
P70 x 1.36 = d50

220
P60 x 1.77 = d50
2
P50 x 2.34 = d50 y = -0.0314 x + 3.5965 (R = 0.9932)

Volume change, %Svv constant

200
189; 44
VISCOSITY: (1cP = 1mPa.s)
Water = 1mPa.s

180
Sadiola = 50-80mPa.s (Plitt x 3 = d50)

165; 41
HC420-20-0/A-A/ @SG2.7
Witwatersrand = ?mPa.s (Plitt = d50)

d50 cutpoint (microns)

160
Velocity UP = d50 UP = o/f H2O DOWN = Pressure UP

144; 38
Maple Syrup = 200-300cP & SAE40 Oil = 319cP

140
126; 35

%Svv change, Volume constant

110; 32

120
96; 29

100
84; 26

73; 126
74; 24

70; 139

80
67; 151
64; 164
65; 21
62; 176
59; 189
57; 201

58; 18
56; 214
54; 227
53; 239
51; 252
50; 264

51; 15
49; 277

60
48; 290

46; 12

41; 9

38; 6

38; 3

40
20
0
50.00

45.00

40.00

35.00

30.00

25.00

20.00

15.00

10.00

5.00

0.00
%Solids by volume
 PROCESS GUARANTEE MECHANICAL WARRANTY

Cyclone performance is dependant on the following parameters:

All the equipment is made according to quality assurance programmes, and Multotec
1. Feed Solids Size Distribution Process Equipment (Pty) Limited, warrants to its trade customer that our products will be
2. The RD of the Feed Slurry
free from original defect in materials and workmanship for a period of 18 months from
3. Volumetric flow rate to each cyclone
4. Solids Particle Density date of delivery, ex works, or 12 months from date of hand-over after commissioning,
5. Particle Shape whichever is applicable. Multotec Process Equipment (Pty) Limited will repair or replace

For our guarantees to hold, we therefore require the following: free of charge, parts or products found defective under normal use and service within
the warranty period, normal wear and tear excluded. All returns of such merchandise
1. Particle size distribution – to be “consistent” with the data supplied at must be authorised in writing by the company.
enquiry stage. The mass balance around the cyclone affects both the
D50 cut point and the pressure drop across a cyclone. If the size
distribution is substantially coarser or finer than that used at design time,
then this will substantially affect both the D50 cut point and pressure drop
across the cyclone by virtue of a significant change in the mass flow of
solids to the underflow and overflow streams.

2. The feed volume to the cyclone must be within 5% of the volume given in
the enquiry. This volume will have to be determined independently using
either a drop test or a Doppler flow meter. A conventional flow meter is
not acceptable as an independent measure of the volume being fed to the
cyclone.

3. The feed density to the cyclone must be within 5% of the density given in
the enquiry document. Density determinations should be conducted
using a Marcy scale and crosschecked by drying the sample in the
laboratory.

4. The average specific gravity of the solids must be within 5% of that given
in the enquiry document.

5. The Particles must be round or cubic and should not be porous.

Providing that plant conditions fall within the above boundary conditions, then we
guarantee the performance of our equipment as follows:

1. The D50 cut point to be within 10% of the predicted figure.

2. The pressure drop across the cyclone to be within 15% of the predicted
pressure.

Should the cyclones supplied not operate within these limits, then Multotec
undertake to replace, at their expense, any components that are required to
achieve this guaranteed performance.
 DENSE MEDIUM

Pdf documents
 VISCOSITY / STABILITY: D correction factors: CALCULATION = (Dnew / 9)^0.25
<3% Viscosity (too fine & clays) D Factor D Factor D Factor D Factor
(Feed – o/f) 3-12% OK 7 0.94 13 1.10 19 1.21 25 1.29
Feed >12% Stability (too coarse) 8 0.97 14 1.12 20 1.22 26 1.30
(non-mags <5%Sww) 9 1.00 15 1.14 21 1.24 27 1.32
10 1.03 16 1.15 22 1.25 28 1.33
Stability: 1.0 Viscosity: 2.6 11 1.05 17 1.17 23 1.26 29 1.34
2.6 4.0 2.6 2.6 12 1.07 18 1.19 24 1.28 30 1.35

Symmetrical EP (d50 – d75) OR (d25 – d50) Lower = sharper

Asymmetrical EPM (d25 – d75) / 2 SG Medium Split Head
Thus I = generalised / reduced curve Ore type Feed Floats Sinks Type SG ratio RD o/f (xD)
EPM / d50 [for DMS] Coal 1.6 1.4 1.8 Mag 4.7 3.5 1.5 70% 9D
EPM / (d50-1) [for water units i.e. jigs] Chrome 3.7 2.7 4.4 Fesi 6.7 5 3.6 30% 15D
Diamonds 2.5 2.47 3.1 Fesi 6.7 5-7 2.7 95% 12-15D
USUAL GEOMETRY: Manganese 3.65 3.5 3.72 Fesi 6.7 5 3.59 30% 15D
Scrolled Evolute = Higher differentials & cutpoint. Iron ore 4.5 3.25 4.7 Fesi 6.7 5 4 10% 12D
(Lower medium density.) Zinc 3 2.8 3.2 Fesi 6.7 5-7 3 20% 12-15D
Di 0.2Dc (USE small square 1st!!! then other) Tin 4.1? 2.6? 4.3? Fesi 6.7 5 3.5 50% 15D
Do 0.43Dc (USE "A") & XA=0.5Dc Nickel 3.3 2.7 3.8 Fesi 6.7 5 3.25 60% 14-16D
Du 0.3Dc OR 0.7Do normal & 0.8Do high & XA=0.8 ExtraHigh
Max 0.85 = replace
Cone 20degrees CYCLONE CAPACITY FORMULAE (dimensions in mm):
Wall C=30 & CE=25 & Al2O3=22-38 & SiC15-20up+12.5lower ≤800mm diameter @ 9D:
thickness 0.000345 x Di x Do x Dc0.5 x (2.1265 – (0.2017 x Ln Dc))
Inlet heads Easy to wash coals:- A, AB and B inlets.
Difficult: SA, Aust, India, Diamonds & Other:- Only SQ.
≥900mm diameter @ 9D:
C:- B = RECTANGULAR & BB = SQUARE 0.000345 x Di x Do x Dc0.5 x 1.6157 x Dc-0.1109
CE:- B = SQUARE only (30-40mm smaller dia)
MAX:- B = SMALL SQUARE ---> AB ---> A LARGE CYCLONE CAPACITY FORMULAE (dimensions in ratio):
SQUARE only ≤800mm diameter @ 9D:
0.000345 x I x O x Dc2.5 x (2.1265 – (0.2017 x Ln Dc))
SPIGOT SIZING FORMULA: ≥900mm diameter @ 9D:
Du Capacity (m3/hr (Du / 10)2 x 0.0626 x Dcorrection 0.000345 x I x O x Dc2.5 x 1.6157 x Dc-0.1109
ore) <200mm WHERE: Du = diameter (mm) WHERE:
Du Capacity (m /hr (0.0007 x Du2 + 0.0208 x Du - 6.8963) x
3 I = Di/Dc
ore) >200mm Dcorrection O = Do/Dc
WHERE: Du = diameter (mm) Di, Do, Dc = mm
** Hang-up can be reduced by bigger spigot.
CALCULATION OF CAPACITIES AT OTHER HEADS: 92% ALUMINA CERAMIC TILES:
Multiply capacity figures obtained above by: Material: MP92 Standard Application
Bulk Density: 3.50 g*cm-3 minute
√x/9 where X = D value Porosity: 0.0 %
Water Absorption: 0.0 %
FOR CYCLONES INCORPORATING A BARREL: Modulus of Rupture: 240 MPa minute
Capacity multiplied by 1.05. Modulus of Elasticity: 295 GPa
Fracture Toughness: 3.0 MN*m-2.3
Vickers Hardness HV (5 kg): 1023 kg*mm-2
HEAD / PRESSURE: Abrasion Resistance: 0.30 cm3h-1 max
Steady head tank (m) = xD [i.e. install tank 9D = 9 x Dc] Thermal Expansion: 6.66*10-6K-1 (400º C)
Pressure (kPa) = ρgh where h = xD [i.e. 9D = 9 x Dc] OR 7.92*10-6K-1 (800º C)
Pressure (meters water) = ρH 8.26*10-6K-1 (1000º C)
Thermal Conductivity: 15 W*m-1K-1
BREAKAWAY SIZE: TYPICAL WEAR LIFE FIGURES: CAST IRON CYCLONES:
Size = 6 x Dc1.64 x 10-5 Spigot: 3 – 4 months
Cone: 6 – 8 months
R.O.T. cutpoint: Barrel: 12 – 14 months
d50 = ρ feed med + (ρ feed med - ρ overflow med) Inlet Head: 12 – 14 months
Figures are appropriate for:
i) Coal operations at 9 – 12D. (Soft coals + 50 to 100%).
27% CHROME ABRASION RESISTANT WHITE CAST IRON: ii) Diamond operations at 12 – 15D.
MA CYCLONES:
Chemical Composition 4 times greater than cast iron.
SD CYCLONES:
Element C Si Mn S P Cr Ni Mo Cu 2 – 3 times greater cast iron.

Min % 2.0 1.0 22.0 MAGNETITE: (Fe3O4 = 4.5-5SG)]

Max SG
Max % 2.8 1.00 1.50 0.10 0.10 28.0 2.0 1.50 2.0 SG Medium Grade Grain Size
Underflow
NORMAL CONDITIONS OF SUPPLY: Annealed or hardened and tempered. 1.25 – 1.4 Magnetite Grade F 95% < 40µm 1.56 – 1.83
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES: 1.4 – 1.9 Magnetite Grade E 95% < 50µm 2.3
Property Minimum Maximum www.idwala.co.za:
Hardness Brinell 600 683 Fine 95% dry milled Iron Ore = 95% passing 45µm
COMPARABLE INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS:
1) BS4844 Grade 3D Medium 85% dry milled Iron Ore = 85% passing 45µm
2) SABS1338 Grade 3D Coarse 75% dry milled Iron Ore = 75% passing 45µm
3) ASTM A532 Class III Type A Moisture content : <0,5%
WELDABILITY: Not weldable. Density : 4,79 g/cm3
MACHINABILITY: Using special tools or may be softened for machining. Magnetic Content : > 95,0%
x
x
x
x
 FERROSILICON: (FeSi = 6.7SG)
Max SG

Figure 7
SG Medium Grade Grain Size

Upper Limit
Lower Limit
Underflow

Acceptable
2.3 – 2.8 2.9 – 3.6

Operating
Cyclone 40 95% < 40µm
2.7 – 3.0 Cyclone 60 95% < 60µm 3.14 – 3.65

Range
2.9 – 3.3 Cyclone 60 & Ultra Fine Mixture 3.46 – 3.7
3.2 – 3.6 Ultra Fine 95% < 100µm 3.7

1.8
FeSi = 15% Si. If < 15% = oxidise rapidly & no recovery by magsep.
If > 15% = oxidation less, but SG lower & recovery by magsep lower.
Oxidation > medium viscosity.

1.75
During oxidation = hydrogen given off & bubbles on surface of slurry.
Minimise oxidation = add Calcium ~pH12.
ACCEPTABLE Magnetite MEDIUM PROPERTIES

MEDIUM SOLIDS CONCENTRATION: (STD=30-35%Sv/v)

1.7
Uncontaminated medium:
Low Viscosity
Low Stability
%Sv/v = 100 x (ρm – 1) / (SG – 1)
WHERE

1.65
SG = Solids SG

Circulating Medium Density

ρm = medium RD

1.6
Contaminated medium:
V = 1000 (1 – ρm) + (X x sgm) + (Y x sgnm)
WHERE
V = volume in cm3
1.55

ρm = medium R.D.
X = volume of magnetic particles in cm3
High Viscosity

Y = volume of non-magnetic particles in cm3

High Stability

1.5

Sgm = Sg of magnetic particles

Sgnm = Sg of non-magnetic particles
1.45
1.4
1.35
1.75

1.65

1.55

1.45

1.35

1.25

1.15

Cyclone Overflow Density

 ACCEPTABLE FeSi MEDIUM PROPERTIES

3.2

Acceptable
Operating
3 Range

2.8 High Viscosity

High Stability

2.6

Low Viscosity Lower Limit

2.4 Low Stability

Cyclone Overflow Density

Upper Limit

2.2

2
2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3 3.1 3.2 3.3

Circulating Medium Density

Figure 8
Oversize Spigots

Never use rubber gaskets.

Use MM100 joining compound.
Never tighten bolts when leaking (crack MM100 or casting).
 DENSIFIERS
Installed on bleed from correct medium.
Over-dense u/f back to correct medium & o/f to dilute circuit. COMPARISON:
200mm Densifier Cyclone
PIPE DENSIFIER (100mm): (usually for FeSi) Feed u/f o/f Feed u/f o/f
10-20% of feed / low mags / less non-mags Volume 80 68 12 40 15 25
Feed Split 85% 15% 38% 63%
Density 2.6 2.85 1.2 2.6 3.2 2.24
80-90% of feed / high mags (~98%) / more non-mags
Less dense than cyclone because more water. Split 110% 46% 123% 86%
Cannot change Du.
Durell Table:
PC200 capacities:
Head Feed (m3/hr) Max = 3mm topsize
Pressure Vortex Finder
(m) FeSi Magnetite Feed = 150-250 kPa
kPa A B C D
(min) 10 20 (30) 17 (26) Normal ~10um cutpoint
15 24 (37) 21 (32) 100 42 38 32 27
20 28 (43) 24 (37) 125 48 42 37 31
25 32 (32) 27 (41) Q1/Q2 = SQRT(H1/H2) 150 54 47 41 34
Split: ~80-90% ~80-90% 175 59 51 44 37
200 64 55 48 41
Feed 2.9-3.5 1.5-1.9
225 68 60 51 43
u/f 3.35-4.0 1.6-2.0
o/f 1.1-1.2 1.2-1.4 250 72 64 55 46
Density 6.8 5.0
C100-180-2/A-C/45 Where (A=0.376 & C=0.278)
20 & (25)mm vortex finders available.
Inlet wear twice as fast as barrel and outlet.

PIPE DENSIFIER (200mm): (usually for FeSi)

Vortex Feed (m3/hr) @ 10m head Max = 12mm topsize
D (50mm) 80 = 90% split @ u/f 2.9 Feed = 280-300 kPa
C (60mm) 93 = 83% split @ u/f 3.0 Q1/Q2 = SQRT(H1/H2)
B (70mm) 107 = 77% split @ u/f 3.1
A (80mm) 120 = 70% split @ u/f 3.2
Bolts = PC200-180-1/A-x/80 & loose PU liners
Clamps = PCS200-180-1/A-x/80 & bonded PU

CYCLONE DENSIFIER: (usually for Magnetite)

30-40%of feed / more mag losses / ~65% non-mags
Feed
60-70% of feed / ~ 80% mags recovery
PC200 pipe densifier (PC200-180-1/A-B/X) Density Control:
Capacities (m 3 /hour) Operating pressure (kPa)

Pressure Vortex Finder Ferrosilicon grades % < 45 Recommended Function of

(kPa) 20-V/A 20-V/B 20-V/C 20-V/D Atomised Milled micron feed pressure diameter
80mm 70mm 60mm 50mm Special Normal (kPa) fD
150 72 63 55 46
175 77 68 59 50 Coarse Coarse 48D 35 150 - 180 30 - 35
200 83 74 64 54 Fine Fine 65D 55 180 - 210 35 - 40
225 90 79 68 57 100D 70 210 - 240 40 - 47
250 95 84 72 61 Cyclone 60 Cyclone 150D 80 240 - 280 47 - 52
275 100 88 76 64 Cyclone 40 270D 93 not recommended
300 105 92 80 68 270F 96 not recommended

VV165 flat bottom densifier (VV165-150-2/A-C/40)

Capacities (m 3 /hour) Operating pressure (kPa)

Pressure Vortex Finder Ferrosilicon grades % < 45 Recommended Function of

(kPa) 16-V/A 16-V/B 16-V/C Atomised Milled micron feed pressure diameter
64mm 53mm 40mm Special Normal (kPa) fD
150 54 46 35
175 60 50 39 Coarse Coarse 48D 35 150 - 170 35 - 40
200 64 54 42 Fine Fine 65D 55 170 - 210 40 - 50
225 69 58 45 100D 70 210 - 250 50 - 60
250 73 62 48 Cyclone 60 Cyclone 150D 80 250 - 320 60 - 75
275 77 65 50 Cyclone 40 270D 93 not recommended
300 81 68 53 270F 96 not recommended
325 85 72 56

C100 pipe densifier (C100-180-2/A-C/X)

Capacities (m 3 /hour) Operating pressure (kPa)

Pressure Vortex Finder Ferrosilicon grades % < 45 Recommended Function of

(kPa) DVF/25 DVF/20 Atomised Milled micron feed pressure diameter
25mm 20mm Special Normal (kPa) fD
100 12 10
150 15 12 Coarse Coarse 48D 35 100 - 130 40 - 50
200 18 15 Fine Fine 65D 55 130 - 160 50 - 60
250 20 17 100D 70 160 - 200 60 - 75
300 22 18 Cyclone 60 Cyclone 150D 80 200 - 260 75 - 100
350 24 20 Cyclone 40 270D 93 260 - 390 100 - 150
400 26 21 270F 96 390 - 440 150 - 170
450 28 23

VV100 cyclone densifier (VV100-8-1/A-B/25)

Capacities (m 3 /hour) Operating pressure (kPa) This graph shows the effect if samples for Ep calculations are taken over a time period
where a density control philosophy of ±0.05 exists. If an instantaneous sample (feed,
Pressure Vortex Finder Ferrosilicon grades % < 45 Recommended Function of
(kPa) 10-V/A 10-V/B 10-V/C Atomised Milled micron feed pressure diameter O/F, U/F) was taken the Gen Ep would be 0.02. If a sample over an hour was taken
41mm 34mm 26mm Special Normal (kPa) fD where the density was allowed to vary between 1.45 and 1.55 (set-point of 1.5) the
100 18 15 12 Gen Ep would be 0.028 which will probably place the cyclone out of the
150 24 19 15 Coarse Coarse 48D 35 100 - 130 40 - 50
200 28 23 18 Fine Fine 65D 55 130 - 160 50 - 60
performance gaurentee criteria. The problem is however not the performance of the
250 32 26 20 100D 70 160 - 200 60 - 75 cyclone but the density control and the method of sampling.
300 35 29 22 Cyclone 60 Cyclone 150D 80 200 - 260 75 - 100 Please see Performance Gaurentee Evaluation
350 38 31 24 Cyclone 40 270D 93 260 - 390 100 - 150
400 41 34 26 270F 96 not recommended
450 43 36 28
 5. DATA ANALYSIS
PERFORMANCE GUARANTEE EVALUATION
a) Raw data must be submitted to both parties.
The information presented below outlines the requirements and procedures necessary to verify that b) Partition curve determination to be in accordance with the attached example.
a cyclone is operating in accordance with the Performance Guarantee provided. D 25  D 75
c) Epm to be calculated as
I) PERFORMANCE GUARANTEE 2
The guarantee as per Multotec graphs and is applicable to the cyclone recommended for the
application based upon the design data supplied by the client. It is limited to the cyclone only 6. GUARANTEE CALCULATION
and excludes any consequential damages.

2) DESIGN DATA a) Using the guarantee graph, plot the D 50 , calculated from the partition curve and read off the
The guarantee is subject to the actual plant conditions matching the design data supplied, guaranteed Epm value from the guaranteed line.
specifically, the size distribution and washability must be consistent. b) Compare with the actually measured Epm. If acceptable, no further action is required.
c) If the actual Epm is greater than guaranteed, all the measured data should be reviewed for
3) EFFICIENCY TESTING PROCEDURE other calculation errors or pre-test requirements not being met.
d) If all parameters and calculations are acceptable, then the performance has not been met and
i) PRE-TESTING REQUIREMENTS corrective action is required.

a. The installation should be acceptable to all parties. 7. CORRECTIVE ACTION

b. The cyclone must be inspected for the following:
 Spigot diameter to be within 5% of the original diameter. a) The equipment supplier will have a period of 60 days to take the appropriate steps to bring the
 No inward steps to be present in the cyclone. equipment performance within guarantee.
 There must be no undue wear within the cyclone. b) Once corrective action has been taken, tests are to be repeated.
c. The operating pressure must not be less than the design point. c) If the performance guarantee is still not met, penalties as per the attached schedule shall be
d. The operating pressure must be constant. invoked.
e. The medium density must be controlled to ± 0.005 density units.
f. The non-magnetics in the medium must be < 5% (by mass). 8. PENALTY CONDITIONS
g. The medium grade must be correct based upon size requirements.
h. The feed to overflow differential to be within 5 – 10%. a) The penalty is based upon the Multotec selling price.
i. The feed tonnage must not exceed the design figure and must be constant. b) Initial testwork and analyses are for the clients account.
j. The performance testing must be conducted within two months of hot commissioning. c) If the problem lies with our equipment as per 6d), all costs for corrective action will be for
Multotec’s account. The costs for the testwork and analyses will be carried by Multotec.
ii) TEST PROCEDURE d) If problems are experienced which cannot be directly attributed to the equipment and a
Multotec Process Engineer is required on site, all subsistence and travelling costs will be for
Note: All sampling to be carried out to mutually acceptable international standards. the client’s account. Any further efficiency testing will also be for the client’s account.

a) Feed, floats and sinks medium samples to be taken before and after the tests.
b) Feed medium to be analysed for % non-magnetics and size distribution.
c) For cyclone efficiency determinations, composite ore samples are not acceptable. An
instantaneous sample of the feed, floats and sinks is required. (A composite sample
measures process efficiency whereas an instantaneous sample measures equipment
efficiency).
d) Cyclone operating pressure to be recorded before and after the test.
e) Feed tonnage to be recorded before and after the test.
f) Circulating medium density value to be recorded before and after the test.

4. SAMPLE ANALYSIS

a) Medium Samples - Densities to be determined by drying sample in the laboratory and not
by using a Marcy scale.
b) Medium Size Distribution - To be determined using wet screening at 45 micron.
c) Ore Feed Size Distribution - Dry screening on appropriate screen sizes.
d) Float/Sinks Analysis - To acceptable standards.

There must be a minimum of three density intervals above and below the cut density.
 C-Cyclones Paint Spec Multotec Paint Spec:

PRODUCT DATA SHEET QD RED OXIDE PRIMER

PRODUCT NAME: QUICK DRYING RED OXIDE PRIMER

LIQUID COLOURS
PRODUCT BRAND: SUPREME
FINISH: MATT
COLOUR: DULL RED/BROWN

SWEDISH STANDARD

75 MICRON (MIN)
VEHICLE TYPE: STYRENATED ALKYD, ZINC PHOSPHATE 5%

SIS 05-5900 1976

STYRESOL RED
ALKYD BASED
PIGMENT TYPE: SYNTHETIC IRON OXIDE
SOLVENT TYPE: AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS

PRIMER

OXIDE
SA 2½
FLASH POINT MIN: 22°C
SPECIFIC GRAVITY: 1.200 – 1.250 AT 25°C

EQUIVALENTS
SOLIDS CONTENT: 60 – 65% BY WEIGHT

DURO PAINTS
VISCOSITY AT 25°C: 650 cPu

SWEDISH STANDARD

RED OXIDE COPON

EPP C (TWO PART)

FORCE 10 GREEN
DRYING TIME: SURFACE 10 – 15 MINUTES AT 25°C

75 MICRON (MIN)
1 PART THINNER

1 PART THINNER

75 MICRON (MIN)
POLYURETHANE
SIS 05-5900 1976

TO 5 PART RED

1. All surface preparation shall be in accordance with paint suppliers Technical Data

Paint Suppliers Technical Data requirements and coating thickness to be at least

HARD 1 – 2 HOURS AT 25°C

(TWIN PACK)

FORCE TEN
TO 5 PART
APPLICATION METHOD: CONVENTIONAL OR AIRLESS SPRAY, OR DIPPING

2. All primer or top coat applications shall be carried out in accordance with the
GREEN
OXIDE
SA 2½

3. All equipment shall be rated for operation in a 50oC ambient temperature.

APPLICATION VISCOSITY: CONVENTIONAL SPRAY:
18 – 20”FC4
AIRLESS SPRAY: 25 – 28”FC4
DIPPING 15 – 18”FC4

CHEMRITE

SWEDISH STANDARD

SABS 1091-1975 HO7

LIGHT BRUNSWICK
RECOMMENDED THINNER: ENAMEL THINNERS

75 MICRON (MIN)

75 MICRON (MIN)
SIS 05-5900 1976

CARBOGUARD
MIXING RATIO: 20% WITH ENAMEL THINNERS

133 High Build

CARBOLINE

requirement with a minimum of SA 2½ sandblasting.

SPRAYING VISCOSITY 20°C: 18 – 20 SEC DIN 4 MM

GREEN
SA 2½

893 za
APPLICATION: SPRAY PRESSURE 3 – 4 BARS
NOZZLE: 1.4 – 1.8 MM
FLASH OFF TIME: 90 MIN (HARD 12 HOURS)

APPROVED: _____________________
SOLIDS: 0.2964 GRAMS PER LITRE

SWEDISH STANDARD

SABS 1091-1975 HO7

GENERIC

ALIPHATIC ACRYLIC
EPOXY POLYAMIDE

LIGHT BRUNSWICK
75 MICRONS (MIN)

75 MICRONS (MIN)
FINENESS OF GRIND: 10 MICRONS

75 and 75 microns respectively.

POLYURETHANE
SIS 05-5900 1976
COVERAGE AT DFT 40 MICRONS: 8 SQUARE METRES PER LITRE PER COAT

(TWO PART)

(TWO PART)
RECOMMENDED DRY FILM/COAT THICKNESS: 40 MICRONS MIN PER COAT
09/11/2001

PRIMER

GREEN
SA 2½
DESCRIPTION & GENERAL USE:
A quick drying purpose primer for use on bare, mild steel or galvanized iron for temporary
SAND BLASTING

protection against corrosion, before finishing coats are applied. This product is not intended as a

TOP COAT
ACTIVITY

PRIMER
heavy duty anti- corrosive primer nor as a finishing coat on its own, but should be over –coated
DATE:

within six months of application with alkyd enamel or acrylic emulsion paints. All equipment
should be cleaned immediately after use with thinners.

NOTE:
Additional Notes: Additional Cyclones Info

Alumina:
Only use VV100 but will try 250 & 350 in future.
Qf = 0.875

FGD:
VV100-8-1/A-A&C/ and HP165-8-2/A-D/
150-165kPa
D50=15microns

Limestone:
VV165

Flotation reagents hardens PU – Use Rubber lined cyclones

Brine Solutions attack PU – Use Rubber lined cyclones

No molds for HC900-30 cyclones (top cones)