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01 - Analysis of Internal Forces

The document discusses mechanics of deformable bodies and analysis of internal forces. It covers topics like components of forces, equilibrium of force systems, free body diagrams, and determination of internal forces like normal force, shear force, bending moment, and torsional moment. Sample problems are provided to illustrate the determination of reactions, internal forces, and axial force diagrams.

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skylerr.jordan
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8 views

01 - Analysis of Internal Forces

The document discusses mechanics of deformable bodies and analysis of internal forces. It covers topics like components of forces, equilibrium of force systems, free body diagrams, and determination of internal forces like normal force, shear force, bending moment, and torsional moment. Sample problems are provided to illustrate the determination of reactions, internal forces, and axial force diagrams.

Uploaded by

skylerr.jordan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Mechanics of

Deformable
Bodies
Analysis of Internal Forces

Prep by: Engr. Buluran


Review of Principles of Statics
•Components of a force in 2D Plane:

Sign Convention:

• Upward is positive

• Downward is negative

• To the right is positive

• To the left is negative


•The magnitude of the moment of a point:

Sign Convention:
Clockwise Moment is POSITIVE
Counter-Clockwise Moment is NEGATIVE

Varignon’s Theorem:
The moment of a force about any point is equal to the sum of moments of the components of the force
about the same point .
Equilibrium

❑A body is said to be in equilibrium


if the resultant of the force system
that acts on the body vanishes. It
means that both the resultant
force and the resultant couple are
zero

Assuming that the forces lie in the xy-plane, the


equations of equilibrium are
Equilibrium of Force Systems is divided into three parts:

Analysis of Single Analysis of Analysis of Plane


Bodies Composite Bodies trusses
Analysis of Single Bodies
The first step in equilibrium analysis is to identify all the forces that act on the body. This is
accomplished by means of a free-body diagram.

The free-body diagram (FBD) of a body is a sketch of the body showing


all forces that act on it. It implies that all supports have been removed
and replaced by those forces.
Free-body diagrams are fundamental to all engineering disciplines that are
concerned with the effect that forces have on a bodies.
Forces that act on a body can be divided into two general
categories.

Applied Forces Reactive Forces (Reactions)


General Procedure for
constructing a free-body diagram:
1. Sketch the body assuming that all supports
have been removed.

2. All applied forces are drawn and labeled on the


sketch.

If the weight of the body is given, the weight is


considered as an applied force acting on the
center of gravity.
3. The support reactions are drawn and labeled on the sketch.
✓If the sense of a reaction is unknown, it should be assumed.

The solution will determine the correct sense:

A positive result A negative result


means that the correct
indicates that the assumed
sense is the opposite to the
sense is correct
assumed sense

4. All relevant angles and dimensions are shown in the


sketch
Sample
Problem
Sample Problem
Determine the reactions at point A.
Analysis of Internal
Forces
We extend the analysis of statics to
determine the internal forces,
Normal Forces - This force acts
perpendicular to the area.
Shear Force - The shear force lies in the
plane of the area
Torsional Moment or Torque - This effect
is developed when the external loads
tend to twist one segment of the body
with respect to the other about an axis
perpendicular to the area.
Bending Moment - The bending moment
is caused by the external loads that tend
to bend the body about an axis lying
within the plane of the area.
In order to obtain the internal loadings acting on a specific region within the body, it is
necessary to pass an imaginary section or “cut” through the region where the internal
loadings are to be determined.
If the body is subjected to a coplanar
system of forces, then only normal-
force, shear force, and bending moment
components will exist at the section.
Deformations produced
by the components of
internal forces and
couples
Sample Problem
Determine the resultant internal loadings acting on the cross section at C of the
cantilevered beam shown in the figure.
The 500 kg engine is
suspended from the crane
boom shown in the figure.
Determine the resultant
internal loadings acting on
the cross section of the
boom at point E.
The bar ABCD in the figure shown consists of three cylindrical steel segments
with different lengths and cross-sectional areas. Axial loads are applied as
shown. Determine the internal forces in each segment and draw the Axial force
diagram.
Mechanics of Materials by
Kiusalaas

References
Mechanics of Materials by
Hibbeler

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