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Dynamics Tutorial Sheet 2 - Particle Kinematics - Curvilinear Motion and Relative Motion

The document provides 10 problems involving particle kinematics and curvilinear motion, including calculating velocities, accelerations, angles, and distances for objects in motion. Key concepts covered include relative motion between moving objects, uniform and non-uniform acceleration, and motion along curved paths.

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mahir
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44 views

Dynamics Tutorial Sheet 2 - Particle Kinematics - Curvilinear Motion and Relative Motion

The document provides 10 problems involving particle kinematics and curvilinear motion, including calculating velocities, accelerations, angles, and distances for objects in motion. Key concepts covered include relative motion between moving objects, uniform and non-uniform acceleration, and motion along curved paths.

Uploaded by

mahir
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MEC134 – Engineering Mechanics

Dynamics Tutorial Sheet 2


PARTICLE KINEMATICS – CURVILINEAR MOTION & RELATIVE MOTION OF
PARTICLES

1. Figure 1 shows a person standing at the top of a cliff and throwing a ball over a
stack. What is the minimum horizontal velocity u with which a ball must be
thrown to just clear the obstacle at B? For this case, what is the impact
velocity νc, the impact angle θ and the total horizontal distance x from A
when the ball hits the ground at C?

Figure 1

2. The pilot of an aircraft delivering an aid package wishes to release it at the


right moment to hit the target zone A as shown in Figure 2. What angle θ
should the pilot’s line-of-sight to the target make at the point of release? The
aircraft is travelling at an altitude of 100m with a velocity of 200 km/h.

Figure 2
3. The curvilinear motion of a particle is defined by vx=50-16t and y=100-4t2,
where vx is the particle’s x-direction velocity in m/s and y is the particle’s y-
direction displacement in m. It is also known that the particle’s x-direction
displacement, x=0 when t=0. Sketch the particle path from t=0 up to the time
when y=0. Also calculate the magnitude of the particle’s velocity and
acceleration at the time when y=0.

4. The speed of the car shown in Figure 3 increases uniformly with time from 50
km/h at A to 100 km/h at B during 10 seconds. The radius of curvature of the
hump at A is 40 m. If the magnitude of the total acceleration of the car’s mass
centre is the same at B as at A, compute the radius of curvature ρB of the dip
in the road at B. The mass centre of the car is 0.6 m from the road.

Figure 3

5. The design of a camshaft-drive system of a four-cylinder automobile engine is


shown in Figure 4. As the engine is revved up, the belt speed v changes
uniformly from 3 m/s to 6 m/s over a two-second interval. The camshaft
sprocket has an effective radius of 60 mm. Calculate the magnitudes of the
accelerations of points P1 and P2 halfway through this time interval. (Note:
Point P1 is on the curved portion of the belt as it goes round the camshaft
pulley and is at the effective radius of 60 mm. Point P2 is on the straight
portion of the belt).

Figure 4
6. A minivan starts from rest on a road whose constant radius of curvature is
40m and whose bank angle is 10° as shown in Figure 5. The motion occurs in a
horizontal plane. If the constant forward acceleration of the minivan is 1.8m/s 2,
determine the magnitude a of its total acceleration 5 seconds after starting.

Figure 5

7. Rotation of bar OA is controlled by the lead screw which imparts a horizontal


velocity v to collar C and causes the pin P to travel along the smooth slot as
shown in Figure 6. For the instant when h=160 mm, x=120 mm and v=25
mm/s, determine the values of r and θ (i.e. the rate of change of r and θ
respectively, with respect to time). The radius r is equal to the length OP.

Figure 6
8. The rocket is fired vertically and continues to rise vertically. It is tracked by
the radar station as shown in Figure 7. When θ reaches 60°, other
measurements taken at the radar station give the values of r=9 km,  r = 21
m/s2 and θ = 0.02 rad/s. Calculate the velocity v and acceleration a of the
rocket at this position.

Figure 7

9. A small aeroplane has a propeller with a tip radius of 0.7 m. At idle, before take-
off, the propeller speed is 800 rpm as shown in Figure 8. The pilot then
accelerates the propeller at a rate of 150 rad/s2.
(a) What is the engine idle speed of 800 rpm in rad/s?
(b) What is the velocity of the propeller tip P at the engine idle speed?
(c) What is the acceleration of the propeller tip P immediately after the
engine starts to accelerate?

Figure 8
10. Rapid-transit trains A and B travel on parallel tracks as shown in Figure 9.
Train A has a speed of 80 km/h and is slowing at the rate of 2 m/s2, while train
B has a constant speed of 40 km/h. Determine the velocity and acceleration
of train B relative to train A.

Figure 9

11. The train A is travelling with a constant speed vA=120 km/h along the straight
level track as shown in Figure 10. The driver of car B, anticipating the railway
level crossing at C, decreases the car speed of 90 km/h at the rate of 3m/s2.
Determine the velocity and acceleration of the train relative to the car.

Figure 10

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