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2.6 Emprical Estimation Models

The document discusses empirical estimation models used in software project management. It describes identifying project scope, decomposing projects, and computing metrics like lines of code and function points. It then explains the structure of estimation models and provides examples of lines of code and function point oriented models.

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11 views

2.6 Emprical Estimation Models

The document discusses empirical estimation models used in software project management. It describes identifying project scope, decomposing projects, and computing metrics like lines of code and function points. It then explains the structure of estimation models and provides examples of lines of code and function point oriented models.

Uploaded by

benita.a
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DEPARTMENT NAME:MASTER OF COMPUTER APPLICATIONS

Class: I MCA Batch: 2023-2025


Course code:23CAR206 Course Title: OBJECT ORIENTED SOFT-
WARE ENGINEERING

UNIT II PLANNING AND SCHEDULING 9


Planning & Scheduling: Software prototyping – Software project planning – Scope – Resources –
Software Estimation – Empirical Estimation Models – Planning – Risk Management – Software
Project Scheduling – Object Oriented Estimation & Scheduling. Analysis and Design: Analysis
Modeling – Data Modeling – Functional Modeling & Information Flow – Behavioral Modeling –
Structured Analysis – Object Oriented Analysis – Domain Analysis.

2.6 Empirical Estimation Models


Empirical Techniques in software estimation for software project management is based on
making an executed guess of project parameters. Here experience in the development of a similar
product is helpful. There are the following types of estimation techniques:

Empirical Estimation Technique:

Empirical estimation is a technique or model in which empirically derived formulas are used for
predicting the data that are a required and essential part of the software project planning step. These
techniques are usually based on the data that is collected previously from a project and also based on
some guesses, prior experience with the development of similar types of projects, and assumptions. It
uses the size of the software to estimate the effort. In this technique, an educated guess of project
parameters is made. Hence, these models are based on common sense. However, as there are many
activities involved in empirical estimation techniques, this technique is formalized.

For example Delphi technique and Expert Judgement technique.

1. Software Project Estimation:-

Software project estimation is necessary to achieve reliable cost and effort prediction. A project
estimation method usually involves the following steps:

Prepared By: A.BENITA Page 1


DEPARTMENT NAME:MASTER OF COMPUTER APPLICATIONS
Class: I MCA Batch: 2023-2025
Course code:23CAR206 Course Title: OBJECT ORIENTED SOFT-
WARE ENGINEERING

Identify the project scope


 perform project decomposition
 compute the empirical metrics KLOC and/or FP
 Apply an empirical model to obtain estimates of software cost, effort and duration.
 use for comparison automated estimation tools (optional)
The contemporary software projects are usually extremely large, and require decomposition
and re-characterization as a set of smaller, more manageable sub-problems.
The decomposition techniques take the "divide and conquer" approach to software project
estimation. Software estimation activities can be performed in a stepwise fashion when the project is
decomposed in major functions and related tasks.
The expected values for KLOC and FP can be computed as follows:

E=(a+4m+b)/6
Where: a is the optimistic value m is the most likely value b is the pessimistic value.
2. Empirical Estimation Models:-
An estimation model for computer software uses empirically derived formulas to predict
effort as a function of LOC or FP.
2.1. Structure of the Estimation Models:-
E = A + B * ( ev )C
where: E is effort in person-months A, B, and C are empirically derived constants ev is the estimated
variable (LOC or FP).
2.2. Concrete Estimation Models:-

LOC oriented models

E = 5.2 * ( KLOC )0.91

E = 5.5 + 0.73 * ( KLOC )1.16

E = 3.2 * ( KLOC )1.05

E = 5.288 * ( KLOC )1.047

FP oriented models

E = -13.39 + 0.0545 * FP

E = 60.62 * 7.728 * 10-8 * FP3

E = 585.7 + 15.12 FP

Prepared By: A.BENITA Page 2

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