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Sfe Final - Student's Copy 9oct

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)

42 views

Sfe Final - Student's Copy 9oct

Uploaded by

Eslia Rozhi

We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.

Available Formats

Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

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1

PART 1 SHORT COMMUNICATIVE MESSAGE (EMAIL)

TOTAL MARKS : 20 marks

In short… LENGTH : About 80 words
TYPE OF WRITING: Informal

ABOUT SHORT COMMUNICATIVE MESSAGES (SCM)

Messages can be either email or letter. Messages are written for different purposes.

PURPOSE FOR WRITING SCM

Below are the purposes of writing SCM:

• To inform about something

• To accept / decline invitation
• To give advice / suggestions (opinion)
• To share experience
• To explain a choice / make a decision

WRITING THE GREETING/SALUTATION

Emails and letters have different greeting/salutation. Below are the differences:

INFORMAL

• Hi,
• Hi [Name],
EMAILS • Hey,
• Hey [Name],

• Dear [Name],
LETTERS
• Dearest [Name],

2
WRITING THE INTRODUCTION

For SCM, make sure to write a short, straight-forward introduction addressing the
issue. While it is okay to ask or wish for good health, it is actually unnecessary (especially for
emails). Instead, give appropriate response to the issue at hand.

Let's look at the sample question on page 5. Identify the issue, then give appropriate
response.

Issue Gina can’t decide which sports club to join.

• You don’t know which sports club to choose? Don’t worry. I got your
back.
Appropriate
• You asked the right person! I know which sports club is the best for
Responses
you.

WRITING THE MAIN BODY

Elaborating ideas in the main body is very important as it expands your writing. Thus before
you start writing, remember to brainstorm your ideas first.

Use this method to brainstorm your ideas: I-E-E.

I Choose best ideas based on the given points.

E Elaborate the points using 1H 5WH.

E Give suitable examples.

WRITING THE CLOSURE

To end your email or letter, simply mention that you need to stop writing. Here are two
examples:

I need to stop now. / That’s all from me.

You can end it there or simply add a final comment about the issue. Here are two
examples:

I hope my suggestions could help you. / Have fun in/with the badminton club!

3
WRITING THE SIGN-OFF

You can simply sign off with “Bye” or “Bye!” Alternatively, you can also write your first
name. Here are examples:

That’s all for now. Have fun! That’s all for now. Have fun! Bye.

Bye. Marie.

ANSWERING PART 1

Email is a two-way communication. You either send it to initiate the communication, or

reply it to respond. For SPM email question, you are required to reply as a response. As
such, this guide will show you how to properly respond to emails.

PARTS OF AN EMAIL RESPONSE

Every email has 5 important parts:

• Salutation/Greeting
• Introduction
• Main Body
• Closure
• Sign-Off

4
IDENTIFYING QUESTION REQUIREMENTS

Generally, this is how Short Communicative Message (SCM) questions in Part 1 will look like:

Given
situation/scenario
with context

These are the

points for
your
message.
They are not
in point forms
so you need
to identify
them.

Instructions Word limit

GENERAL TEMPLATE FOR EMAILS

Salutation • Use ‘Hi’ / ‘Hello’

• May include the recipient’s name, e.g. Hi Marie,

Introduction • Responds to address the issue.

• Keep it short and straight-forward.

• Use all the points given

• Elaborate the points
Main Body • Give suitable examples
• Give reasons

Note: Remember to use suitable/appropriate linkers

• Mention that you need to stop writing.

Closure • Add a final comment about the issue.
• Write “Bye” or “Bye!”

Sign-Off
• Write your first name.

5
EXAMPLE OF AN EMAIL TO RESPOND

Below is an example of an email to respond (refer to the previous sample for question):

Salutation

Introduction

Main Body

Closure

Sign-off

6
USEFUL PHRASES FOR EMAILS

Below are some of the phrases you can use in your emails:

LP – for lower proficiency students

Note:
HP – for higher proficiency students

1) Opening Lines for Introduction

Expressing Enthusiasm

• Wow! That’s great / wonderful / fantastic news!

LP
• I am / was happy / glad / pleased to hear that…

HP • I couldn’t believe it when I read that…

Apologising

• Sorry for the late reply.

LP
• I’m sorry to hear about…

• I’m sorry I didn’t reply sooner as I was busy with…

HP
• Sorry that it took so long to get back to you.

Giving News

• Well, here’s the latest.

LP
• Let me fill you in.

• You won’t believe what happened to me the other day!

HP • You asked me to tell you about… so here goes.
• Here’s an update of what’s happening in my life.

Offering Help

• You asked the right person to help you.

LP
• It’s my pleasure to help you.

• You need my help to…? Don’t worry, I got your back.

• You can count on me.
HP
• Consider your problem is solved.
• You know I’m an expert at …, right? Let me help!

7
2) Starting Lines for the Main Body

Accepting an Invitation

• Sounds brilliant/perfect! Sure!

LP
• Thanks for inviting me to… / asking me to join you.

• How could I say no?

HP
• Count me in!

Refusing an Invitation

LP • I’m sorry but I have to… Maybe some other time.

• I’m afraid I can’t make it because…

HP • It was nice of you to invite me, but I’ve already made other plans.
• Unfortunately, I’ll have to let you down.

Sharing Information

• Let me tell you about…

LP
• I have many things to share with you about…

• I’d like to inform you that…

HP • Let me explain to you about…
• Here’s what I think about…

Giving Suggestion

• In my opinion, you should…

LP
• If you ask me, I think…

• What about ….? It is…

• How about …? It is…
HP • I believe it’s a good idea to…
• I’m sure it’s a good idea if you…
• Believe me, you should…

8
3) Closing Lines for Closure

Wishing for the Best

• Have a great weekend / holiday!

LP
• Enjoy your…

HP • Wishing you nothing but the best.

Offering More Help

• If you have any other questions, feel free to ask me.

LP
• Let me know if you need more help.

• Drop me a line if you need more help.

HP
• Let me know if you need more assistance.

Commenting on Your Own Answers

• I hope you find my suggestions useful / helpful.

LP
• I hope I have answered all your questions

HP • I hope it’s clearer now.

Suggesting to Meet Up

• See you soon / later!

LP
• See you this Thursday / weekend.

HP • Looking forward to seeing you!

Expecting a Reply

LP • Reply soon!

• Let me know if it works!

HP
• I’m looking forward to hearing from you soon

4) Sign-Off

• Bye. / Bye!
LP
• Best regards.

HP • Cheers.

9
Exercise Time Knowing the Format for Emails

Read the following example to learn how to write a good email. Label the parts correctly. Put
the email parts in order in the boxes provided.

Closure Sign off Email address

Introduction Subject line Salutation Main Body

STRUCTURE To : [email protected] IMPORTANT

FEATURES
Subject : Sports Day

Hi Tom,
Contraction
 Hope you’re feeling better. Fever can make your
– “you’re,
headache like mad, can’t it?
can’t”

The house meeting was an important one and we  Give details

 finished at 6.30p.m.! Mr Ghazali, our teacher as requested
advisor chaired the meeting. Of course, I took down & a suggestion
some notes so no worries. Yes, the theme this year Tone is polite
 is Cartoons…how about The Flintstones? Looks and friendly
like we have to prepare the materials needed for
Language is
the inter-house tug-of-war. For cleanliness, Mr semi-formal
Ghazali wants us to make sure every tent has
enough garbage liners to prevent littering and to
 collect them after the event. Should be okay.

Get well soon Tom. We miss your jokes!


Your friend,
Richard


10
EXERCISE 1
Read the following question.
You received an email from your foreign friend, James who is from New Zealand.

Hi,
My best friend is going to Malaysia next year. He likes beaches very much. Which beach
would you suggest? When is the best time to go? What can he do there?

Do let me know soon.

Bye!

Based on the question above, label the parts correctly. Put the email parts in order in the
boxes provided.

Closure Sign-Off Content Point 2

Introduction Salutation Content Point 1 Content Point 3

Hope the information helps.

Here’s what I think about the beaches in Penang Island. He can

swim or sunbathe in Batu Ferringhi or enjoy the water activities
there.

I believe it’s a good idea to visit Malaysia from January until May as
it will be less crowded. There will be more sunny days too.

Best regards,
Mary

Hi James,

When night falls, he can shop at the night market.

Warm welcome to your friend! There are many places in Malaysia

where your friend can enjoy sunshine and beaches.

11
Now, rewrite the answer in the space provided below:

To [email protected]

Subject Best Beach In Malaysia

_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

12
EXERCISE 2
Read the following question.
You received the following email from your friend, Lina.

Hi,
How’s it going? Sorry I haven’t been in touch for so long. I just finished my final exams and
spent a lot of time studying. Let me know what you have been doing and I’m hoping we can
get together soon to catch up. My family just moved to a bigger house. Maybe you can
come and visit one weekend? How’s the new school? Looking forward to hearing from you!
Bye!

Based on the question above, label the parts correctly. Put the email parts in order in the
boxes provided.

Closure Sign-Off Content Point 2

Introduction Salutation Content Point 1 Content Point 3

Hope the information helps

I’d love to visit your new house. Tell me all about your new house
when we meet o.k.

Your friend,
Zaidah

I have many things to share with you about my new school. My

new school is located in the middle of Batu Pahat’s town. There
are about 65 teachers and 900 pupils. I got a few new friends
here and they are very friendly too.

Hi Lina,

How could I say no? How about next weekend? There’s

definitely a lot of stories to share about my new school. I’ve
been busy with my new cat, Teddy.

It’s great to hear from you. Yes, I would like to meet you too.
The last time we went out for coffee was five months ago!

13
Now, rewrite the answer in the space provided below:

To [email protected]

Subject Visiting You

14
PRACTICES BASED ON DIFFERENT PURPOSES

1. MAKE AND RESPOND TO SIMPLE REQUEST AND SUGGESTIONS

A. PEOPLE AND CULTURE

You received an email from your online buddy, Maya, who is thinking to go to your place
this coming holidays.

Hi,
My family and I will be visiting you in December during this coming school holidays. Both
my parents and I share similar interest on historical places, perhaps you can suggest to me
any historical place in your area and what I can see there. Besides, I also need your
recommendation on what souvenir I can buy there for my friends here. Well, it will be
wonderful if you can join and show us around the place too.
Hope to hear from you soon.
Bye!

To [email protected]

Subject Next Holidays

15
B. HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT

You received an email from you cousin, Izz, who lives in the north and currently
experiencing hot weather up to 38 degree Celcius.

Hi my cousin,
How are you? Hope everyone is fine there. It is extremely hot here and we rarely experience
rain. It is almost 2 weeks I guess. As I heard you experienced the same at your place
previously, could you suggest any suitable clothes that I should wear to prevent heat stroke?
Would you mind sharing any activities that I should do and avoid? I heard from my mom
that you started drinking water more often during that time. How often do you drink?
Hope to hear from you soon.
Bye!

To [email protected]

Subject Hot Weather

16
C. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

You received an email from your uncle, Mohd who has just retired and wants to know how
to keep save while using social media.

Hi,
How is your school holiday so far? Hope you are having fun there with your parents. As I
have a lot of free time now, can you suggest to me which social media is suitable for me
and why? It will be better if you can tell me how long I should spend my day on social
media.
Send my regards to your parents.
Bye!

To [email protected]

Subject Keeping Safe While Using Social Media

17
D. FINANCIAL AWARENESS

You received an email from your best friend, Tania

Hi,
How are you my dear friend? I need your help. My parents give me rm 200 every week as
my pocket money starting this semester. What are the things that I can buy with that amount
of money? Do you think I have to save some and why? I need to make sure the money is
safe too. Where should I keep them? I don’t know what to do. Please help me.
Bye!

To [email protected]

Subject Social Media

18
2. NARRATE FACTUAL AND IMAGINED EVENTS AND EXPERIENCES

A. PEOPLE AND CULTURE

You received an email from your cousin, Jenny who wants to know about a camp which
you attended recently.

Hi,
My parents told me that you have recently returned back from an English Camp organised
by your English Society Club at your school. I am sure you have enjoyed yourself there,
right? Perhaps you can tell me when and where did the camp was held? What are the most
memorable experiences you got and what new knowledge that you learnt from the camp?
Looking forward to hearing from you.
Bye!

To [email protected]

Subject English Camp Experience

19
B. HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT

You received an email from your friend, Armand who just knew that your family were hit by
disaster.

Hi,
My family and I are sad to hear about the natural disaster that you and your family faced a
few weeks ago. How did it start? Who came to help you and your family when it happened?
Did you lose anything important?
I hope to hear from you as soon as possible.
Bye!

To [email protected]

Subject Natural Disaster

20
C. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

You received an email from your sister, Sue Ann who is working in Singapore and wanted
to know about the special present that you received from you father.

Hi,
Congratulations! Mummy told me that you got a special present from Daddy during your
birthday celebration last Sunday. I am glad that your wish to own a smart watch comes true!
Can you tell me what brand is it? Which feature do you prefer to use? Why? Would you
recommend me to get one for myself?
I hope you will reply soon.
Bye!

To [email protected]

Subject Smart Watch

21
D. CONSUMERISM AND FINANCIAL AWARENESS

You received an email from your pen-pal, Timmy who is living in London and asking for
some advice about online scammer.

Hi,
I’m so sorry to hear that you were scammed during your online shopping when you wanted
to buy a Mother’s Day present for your mother. Which online shopping platform did you
use? What did you buy for your mother? How much money did you lose? Please share
some advice with me so I will not face the same situation in the future.
I’ll be waiting for your reply.
Bye!

To [email protected]

Subject Advice About Online Scammer

22
3. EXPLAIN SIMPLE PROCESSES

A. PEOPLE AND CULTURE

You received an email from your friend, Nadia, who wants to take part in a public speaking
competition.

Hi,
I’m worried about my co-curriculum marks. I’m not that athletic to join sports tournaments.
So, I was thinking of taking part in a public speaking competition. Can you suggest an
interesting topic for me to talk on? I have no idea at all. Also, should I write my own text or
ask my English teacher for help? What do you think?
Thanks in advance!
Bye.

To [email protected]

Subject Public Speaking Competition

23
B. HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT

You received an email from your friend, Abdullah, who needs to get an ideal weight.

Hi,
I’m a bit stressed out recently and I couldn’t control my eating habits. I couldn’t fit in any of
my shirts and pants anymore. Oh my, what should I do? Which food is good for me and
which one should I avoid? Do I really need to exercise? Why? Please give me more advice
as I need to get back in shape.
Thanks in advance!
Bye.

To [email protected]

Subject An Ideal Weight

24
C. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

You received an email from your sister, Adriana, who wants to sign up a social media
account.

Hi,
All my friends have their own social media account. I don’t want to be left out. Hey, I know
you have thousands of followers on Instagram. So I was hoping you could help me set up
a social media account. What do I need to have to sign up? I want my account to look cool.
What username should I use? For the personal information, what should I include and why?
Oh, I can’t wait to post my first status!
Thanks in advance!
Bye.

To [email protected]

Subject Social Media Account

25
A. CONSUMERISM AND FINANCIAL AWARENESS

You received an email from your friend, Latiff, who wants to order food by using an online
application.

Hi,
I’m always hungry when I’m doing my homework but I’m too lazy to go out. Can you suggest
a good food delivery service? Would you teach me how to order food through an online
application? How should I make the payment? Also, do you think I should tip the rider?
Thanks in advance!
Bye.

To [email protected]

Subject Order Food Online

26
4. EXPRESS AND RESPOND TO OPINIONS AND COMMON FEELINGS

A. PEOPLE AND CULTURE

You received an email from your cousin, Alya.

Hi,
Do you remember my favourite English teacher, Madam Ariani? She’s moving to another
school! I’m so sad! By the way, we are planning a farewell party for her next week. We can’t
decide between the school canteen and a hipster café nearby. Which one do you think is a
better choice? Why? Also, can you please suggest a suitable present for her? Our budget
is RM250. I owe you one.
Bye!

To [email protected]

Subject Farewell for Madam Ariani

27
B. HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT

You received an email from your old friend, Nayli who is concerned about her skin.

Hi!
This heat wave is killing me! My skin feels so dry these days. I’m in a dilemma. If I want to
protect my skin, should I use sun screen or moisturiser? Can you suggest a brand you use?
Also, I need to know the price and where can I get it from. Thanks for your help!
Bye.

To [email protected]

Subject To Protect Your Skin

28
C. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

You received an email from your friend, Vettri, who wants to spend the holidays with you.

Hi,
Finally a long holiday is coming. As we planned, I’m going to spend it at your hometown.
However, I still can’t decide whether I should take ETS or express bus. Which one do you
think is more convenient for me? How much is the fare and how long would it take to reach
the destination? Oh, I can’t wait!
Bye.

To [email protected]

Subject ETS or Express Bus

29
D. CONSUMERISME AND FINANCIAL AWARENESS

Your friend, Mei Mei needs to raise money to buy a new smartphone.

Hi!
I’m so clumsy! I dropped my phone the other day and now it’s no longer working. My mom
said if I need a new smartphone, I need to fork out my own money, but I don’t have enough
cash. I still can't decide whether to get a part-time job or sell my old stuff at a junk sale.
Which one do you think is the best option and why do you say so? Or is there another way
to raise money quickly? I don’t know what to do. Please help!
Bye.

To [email protected]

Subject How to Raise Money

30
PART 2 GUIDED ESSAY

TOTAL MARKS : 20 marks

In short… LENGTH : About 125 to 150 words
TYPE OF WRITING: Semi formal

GENERAL TEMPLATE FOR ESSAYS

INTRODUCTION
▪ Introduce the topic
▪ State your opinion
▪ Write the thesis statement

MAIN BODY
▪ Use all the points given in different paragraphs
Note: Remember to
▪ Elaborate the points
use suitable/
▪ Give suitable examples
appropriate linkers

CONCLUSION
▪ Re-state your opinion
▪ Add a comment

IDENTIFYING QUESTION REQUIREMENTS

Part 2 for essay writing is also known as “Guided Writing” which means that some points are
given to guide and help you answer the question.

Generally, this is how essay questions in Part 2 will look like:

Given Your school is going to organise Environment Week. Your teacher has asked
situation/ you to write an essay on ways to help save the environment through recycling.
scenario
with
In your essay, you should write about:
context
• benefits of recycling These are the points for your
• ways to reduce waste at school essay. They are in point form.
Instructions • things we can do at home The number of bullets is not fixed.

Write your essay in 125 – 150 words in an appropriate style using all the notes
and giving reasons for your point of view.
Word limit

From the situation/scenario given above, we know that Environment Week is going to
be held. However, the real focus for the essay is not the Environment Week.
The real focus of the question normally can be found where the points are given.
For this question, the focus of the question is about recycling while Environment Week is
used as the context why you are writing about recycling.

32
WRITING THE INTRODUCTION

The introduction has two important parts: Introducing the topic/issue and giving your opinion
about it.
1. Introducing The Topic/Issue
There are more than just one way to introduce the topic. You may use one of these options,
or combination of more than one:
1) Giving Definition
2) Asking Rhetorical Question
3) Providing General Statement / General Background

Let’s look at the examples below using the sample question earlier:
Giving Definition

_(the topic)_ is _(definition)_ Recycling is converting waste into reusable materials.

_(the topic)_ can be defined as Recycling can be defined as converting waste into
_(definition)_ reusable materials.

Asking Rhetorical Question

Did you know that…? Did you know that we produce tonnes of waste daily?

Have you ever wondered about

Have you ever wondered about recycling?
_(the topic)_?

Can you believe that _(the topic)_

Can you believe that recycling has been an important
has been/become an important part
part of the efforts to save the environment?
of _(anything related)_?

Providing General Statement / General Background

_(the topic)_ is an
Recycling is an activity where we convert waste into
activity/programme where
reusable materials in order to save the environment.
_(general information)_

_(the topic)_ can be said as Recycling can be said as one of the efforts done by
_(general information)_ mankind in order to save the environment.

* When practising writing, always try to give your own definition instead of always looking up
the meaning in dictionary.

** Rhetoric
Obviously, questions
there are questions
are many ways andwe ask without
other phrasesthetoneed for above.
do the an answer usually
If you feelbecause
adventurous,
the answer is known to all.
do explore other options with guidance from your teachers.

33
2. Giving Your Opinion

After you have introduced the topic, then you need to give your opinion that will lead the
readers to your points. To do this, look at what the question wants you to do and just use the
keywords. Here are some examples:

THE KEYWORDS EXAMPLES

Benefits
There are many benefits of recycling.
(e.g. benefits of recycling)

Ways to Do Something There are many ways to keep ourselves motivated

(e.g. ways to keep motivated) when we do things that we like.

Advantages and Disadvantages There are many advantages and disadvantages of

(e.g. for social media) using social media.

Types of activities There are many types of sports activities for

(e.g. sports activities) teenagers such as…
Depending on what the question wants, you may need to combine more than one of the
options above.

ELABORATING THE IDEAS

Elaborating ideas in the main body of an essay is very important as it expands your
essay. Before you start writing, remember to brainstorm your ideas first.

1. Brainstorming Your Ideas

To expand your ideas, use IEE* (Idea, Elaboration, Example). Look at the diagram
below for some examples.

Benefits of recycling
• Idea – how? – reduce waste
Ways to keep motivated
• Idea – how? – do your hobbies
• Example – listening to music
• Elaboration – makes you happy
Advantages of social media
• Idea – what? – connect people over long distance
• Examples – via Facebook and Instagram

You don’t need to use IEE to expand every point. Use part of IEE whenever and wherever
necessary.

34
2. Elaborating Content Points
Now you can use the ideas you have brainstormed to write the main body. When writing
the main body, remember to keep the ideas connected using suitable connectors/linkers (refer
the notes on Linking Words/Phrases).
Below are some examples on how to elaborate the content points using the linkers:

1. There are many benefits of recycling. On the one hand, it could help reduce the waste
we produce daily. On the other hand, it could also help reduce pollution.

2. There are many ways to keep ourselves motivated. Firstly, we can do our hobbies such
as listening to music or reading novels. Doing what we like can make use happy. Next,
we must keep our mind positive. For example, we can smile whenever we are facing
difficulties. This will help us forget our problems.

3. Apart from that, social media is very helpful at connecting people over long distance.
For instance, people from different sides of the globe can interact with one another via
Facebook or Instagram.

4. Lastly, water sports such as kayaking and scuba diving can be interesting to teenagers
too. Imagine yourself getting splashed by the wave while kayaking or enjoying the
beautiful view underwater while scuba diving. Interesting, isn’t it?

LINKING WORDS / PHRASES

TO ADD DIFFERENT
SEQUENCING TO ADD IDEAS TO LINK IDEAS
IDEAS
also, too, similarly,
firstly, secondly, first, besides that, other on the other hand, on
likewise, furthermore,
second, finally, lastly, than that, apart from the contrary, in
moreover, not only
to begin with, to start that, on top of that, in contrast, alternatively,
….. but also, as well
with, next addition conversely, by
as
comparison, instead,
TO GIVE OPINION TO GIVE REASON TO GIVE EXAMPLE
instead of, though,
the way I see it, this is because, this is for example, for
however,
personally, I believe, due to the fact that instance, such as,
nevertheless, in spite
in my opinion, from like, namely,
of that
my view specifically

TO SHOW RESULT TO SUMMARISE TO SHOW EMPHASIS

consequently, thus, in short, in conclusion, above all, most importantly, especially,
as a result, hence, to conclude, all in all, particularly, specifically, indeed, in fact,
so, therefore overall, to summarize actually, mainly, clearly, undeniably,
undoubtedly, certainly, irrefutably
When writing your essay, avoid repeating the same linking words/ phrases. However, do not simply
use them without understanding because each word/ phrase has different functions.

35
WRITING THE CONCLUSION
The conclusion is the final part of any writing. In essays, you need to summarise your
points by re-stating your opinion (from the introduction) as a whole and then add a comment.

1. Summarising Your Points

You may use any of these phrases to start your conclusion:

Phrases To Conclude

✓ To conclude, / In conclusion, / To sum up, / On the whole, / In brief, …

+ statement of opinion from the introduction
(make sure to rephrase the sentence)
Then rephrase the opinion you have written in the introduction.
Compare the sentences in the table below with the sentences from the introduction earlier:

THE KEYWORDS EXAMPLES

Benefits In brief, recycling can be a boon to the

(e.g. benefits of recycling) environment.

Ways to Do Something In conclusion, we can keep ourselves motivated if

(e.g. ways to keep motivated) we follow the abovementioned suggestions.

Advantages and Disadvantages To sum up, using social media has its own pros
(e.g. for social media) and cons.

Types of activities On the whole, teenagers love to do various kinds

(e.g. sports activities) of sports activities.
Notice that the sentences in introduction and conclusion are different in two ways: The
sentence structure and some of the words used. However, the meaning remains the same.

2. Adding Your Comment

To end your essay, you can add comment about your hope, a reminder or the positive
consequences of the topic that has been discussed in the main body.

COMMENTS EXAMPLES

Hope It is hoped that recycling could help reduce the waste and save the
environment.

Reminder We must remember that if we do not do anything to reduce waste,

the environment will suffer even more.

Positive Through recycling, we can/will use less natural resources and thus
Consequences help to save the environment.

36
HEALTH & ENVIRONMENT

Instruction: Write your answer in 125 – 150 words in an appropriate style.

Your class has been discussing mental health among teenagers and your
teacher has asked you to write an essay on it.

In your essay, you should write about:

• causes of stress among students
• how you help someone who is stressed
• why it is important to care for mental health

Write your essay using all the notes and giving reasons for your point of view.

IDENTIFYING QUESTION REQUIREMENTS

Do
• write ideas that are related to a student
Causes of stress
among students
Don’t
• write ideas that are related to adults
Do
• write ideas that are personal to you – your own experience

How you help • use the pronoun ‘I’

someone who is
stressed Don’t
• write general ideas about what ‘people’ or ‘everyone’ should do
• use the pronouns ‘we’ or ‘they’
• write about what you should do when you’re stressed
Do
• write about the positive effects of having good mental health
• write about the negative effects of not taking care of mental
The importance
health
of caring for
mental health
Don’t
• write about the importance of supporting people who are
stressed

37
GUIDELINES FOR GUIDED ESSAY – LOW PROFICIENCY

PRACTICE 1: HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT

Paragraph 1 - Introduction

Introducing
Question - Have you ever ...?
the topic

Giving your
In my opinion, ... important – students
opinion

Thesis discuss – causes of stress – how I help a friend who are stressed – why it
statement is important to care for mental health

Paragraph 2 – causes of stress

Topic sentence: To start with, there are many causes of stress.

Idea
Sequence
Elaboration
Markers
Example

First of all, Idea 1 examinations

This is because Elaboration worried all the time

For example, Example parents – scold – bad result

Besides, Idea 2 always tired

After school,
co-curricular activities – homework – not enough
Then, Elaboration
rest
So,

As a result, Example cannot focus in class

38
Paragraph 3 – how I help someone who is stressed
Topic sentence: When my friends are stressed, I always help them.
Idea
Sequence
Elaboration
Markers
Example
To begin with, Idea 1 support my friend

Clearly, Elaboration feel better

For instance, Example call – listen to problems

Moreover, Idea 2 give advice – get help

That way, Elaboration solve problems

As an example, Example see school counsellor

Paragraph 4 – why it is important

Topic sentence: Obviously, there are many reasons why mental health is important.
Idea
Sequence
Elaboration
Markers
Example
First, Idea 1 healthy relationship

...because... Elaboration spend time – friends and family – do activities

...like... Example shopping

Apart from that, Idea 2 good for studies

The reason is, Elaboration excited for school

Therefore, Example can focus – get better marks

Paragraph 5 – Conclusion

Summarising
In conclusion, .... the most important – student
your point

Comment I hope ..... learn – take care – mental health

39
GUIDELINES FOR GUIDED ESSAY – HIGH PROFICIENCY

PRACTICE 1: HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT

Paragraph 1 - Introduction

Introducing
If you are a student, then I’m sure ....
the topic

Giving your
In my opinion, ... vital – students
opinion

Thesis discuss – factors contributing to stress – ways in assisting stressed

statement friends – the significance of prioritizing mental well-being

Paragraph 2 – causes of stress

Topic sentence: Start by knowing that many things create stress.

Idea
Sequence
Elaboration
Markers
Example

To begin with, Idea 1 heavy workload

homework – assignments – numerous subjects –

In particular, Elaboration
little time to prepare for exam

To illustrate, Example working under pressure – fear of failing

Additionally, Idea 2 constant fatigue

balancing – after-school activities & schoolwork –

Mainly, Elaboration
demanding

Unless Example finish homework at school – cannot rest at night

40
Paragraph 3 – how I help someone who is stressed
Topic sentence: Stress may greatly impact a student's life. Thus, I always lend my hand
whenever they feel stressed.
Idea
Sequence
Elaboration
Markers
Example
To start with, Idea 1 good listener
check on them – spend time – helps to keep them
Above all, Elaboration
calm
For instance, Example have a drink – take a stroll

However, Idea 2 if that doesn’t help, – advise – professional help

Undeniably, Elaboration school counsellor

Plus, Example accompany them for appointment

Paragraph 4 – why it is important

Topic sentence: Undoubtedly, having good mental health is very vital.
Idea
Sequence
Elaboration
Markers
Example

First, Idea 1 healthy relationship

thoughts – behaviour – emotions – depend on –

Clearly, , Elaboration
mental health

For example, Example can deal with conflicts more calmly

Moreover, Idea 2 academic success

Since Elaboration pay attention – absorb information & lessons

Irrefutably, Example healthy mind - guarantee success

Paragraph 5 – Conclusion
Summarising
In conclusion, ... mental well-being – priority – shouldn’t be taken lightly
your point

Comment I hope – prioritise – nurture – improve quality of life

41
WRITING THE ESSAY

PRACTICE 1: HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT

Paragraph 1 - Introduction

Introducing
the topic

Giving your
opinion

Thesis
statement

Paragraph 2 – causes of stress

Topic sentence:

Idea
Sequence
Elaboration Sentence
Markers
Example

Idea 1

Elaboration

Example

Idea 2

Elaboration

Example

42
Paragraph 3 – how I help someone who is stressed
Topic sentence:

Idea
Sequence
Elaboration Sentence
Markers
Example

Idea 1

Elaboration

Example

Idea 2

Elaboration

Example

43
Paragraph 4 – why it is important
Topic sentence:

Idea
Sequence
Elaboration Sentence
Markers
Example

Idea 1

Elaboration

Example

Idea 2

Elaboration

Example

Paragraph 5 – Conclusion

Summarising
your point

Comment

44
CONSUMERISM AND FINANCIAL AWARENESS

Instruction: Write your answer in 125 – 150 words in an appropriate style.

Your class been talking about online shopping habits among teenagers. Your
teacher has asked you to write an essay on it.
In your essay, you should write about:
• your favourite online shopping platform
• the benefits of using the online shopping platform
• the ways to be a smart online shopper

Write your essay using all the notes and give reasons for your answers.

IDENTIFYING QUESTION REQUIREMENTS

Do
• write about ONE online shopping platform
Your favourite • write about the features of the online shopping platform
online shopping • use the pronoun ‘I’
platform. Don’t
• write about the variety of online shopping platform
• write about online shopping in general
Do
• provide at least TWO benefits of the specific online
The benefits of shopping platform mentioned before.
using the online • compare the benefits of online shopping with the in-store
shopping platform shopping.
Don’t
• write about the benefit of online shopping in general
Do
• provide at least TWO ways / methods / steps to be a smart
The ways to be a
online shopper.
smart online
Don’t
shopper
• write general things about shopping like things you can buy
or where you can go shopping

45
GUIDELINES FOR GUIDED ESSAY – LOW PROFICIENCY

PRACTICE 2: FINANCIAL AWARENESS AND CONSUMERISM

Paragraph 1

Introducing the
Do you like ....?
topic

Giving your
offers – benefits
opinion

Thesis discuss – favourite online shopping platform – benefits of using the

statement online shopping platform – how to be a smart shopper

Paragraph 2 – favourite shopping platform

Topic sentence: Nowadays, there are many online shopping platforms.
Idea
Sequence
Elaboration
Markers
Example

First of all, Idea 1 favourite – Shopee – free app

Besides, Elaboration sell – many things

...like... Example books – stationaries – clothes – bags

46
Paragraph 3 – benefits of using the online shopping platform (Shopee)
Topic sentence: There are many benefits of using Shopee.
Idea
Sequence
Elaboration
Markers
Example
First, Idea 1 time saving

...because... Elaboration going – mall – store – items

For example, Example open the app – select – pay

Plus, Idea 2 convenient

...because... Elaboration don’t have to do any work

For instance, Example heavy things – send – home

Paragraph 4 – ways to be a smart online shopper

Topic sentence: There are many ways to be a smart online shopper.

Idea
Sequence
Elaboration
Markers
Example
To begin with, Idea 1 compare – quality

Clearly, Elaboration read reviews – buy good items

... like ... Example product performance

Also, Idea 2 shop – during sales

...because... Elaboration cheaper items

For example, Example Chinese New Year – Christmas sales

Paragraph 5 – Conclusion
Summarising
To conclude – online shopping – benefits
your point

Comment I hope – be smart – using it

47
GUIDELINES FOR GUIDED ESSAY – HIGH PROFICIENCY

PRACTICE 2: FINANCIAL AWARENESS AND CONSUMERISM

Paragraph 1 – Introduction

Introducing the
Question – Do you know ...? What do you ...?
topic

Giving your
offers benefits – become increasingly popular
opinion

explore – my preferred online shopping platform – the advantages of

Thesis
the online shopping platform – strategies for becoming a savvy online
statement
shopper

Paragraph 2 – favourite shopping platform

Topic sentence: In today's era, there is a plethora of online shopping platforms.

Idea
Sequence
Elaboration
Markers
Example

To begin with, Idea 1 favour – Shopee – go-to online shopping platform

a range of features – user-friendly – enhance

...due to the fact... Elaboration
shopping experience

...such as... Example Shopee Games – Shopee Feed

48
Paragraph 3 – benefits of using the online shopping platform (Shopee)
Topic sentence: There are several reasons why I prefer using the online shopping platform,
Shopee.
Idea
Sequence
Elaboration
Markers
Example
First of all, Idea 1 time saving

...since... Elaboration variety of things – without going out

On the other hand, Example physical store – waste time – long queues

Similarly, Idea 2 exceptional convenience

...as... Elaboration don’t need to carry heavy & bulky items

...because... Example deliver – doorstep

Paragraph 4 – ways to be a smart online shopper

Topic sentence: Becoming a smart online consumer can be achieved through various
methods.
Idea
Sequence
Elaboration
Markers
Example
First and foremost, Idea 1 compare – product quality

In order to... Elaboration make an informed decision

With that being

Example utilise reviews – valuable resources
said,

Furthermore, Idea 2 shop – during sales

Consequently, Elaboration significant savings – discounts

...like... Example Chinese New Year – Christmas sales

Paragraph 5 – Conclusion

Summarising
To conclude, ... accessibility – widespread – convenient
your point

Comment However, ... remember – use – sensibly

49
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Instruction: Write your answer in 125 – 150 words in an appropriate style.

Your class has been discussing cyberbullying among teenagers and your teacher
has asked you to write an essay on it.
In your essay, you should write about:
• ways teenagers are cyberbullied
• how to prevent cyberbullying
• why we should show support towards cyberbully victims

Write your essay using all the notes and give reasons for your point of view.

IDENTIFYING QUESTION REQUIREMENTS

Do
• write ideas on the different ways teenagers are cyberbullied
• give at least TWO different ways
Ways teenagers are
cyberbullied
Don’t
• write ideas that are related to adults
• write about physical bullying
Do
• write about things people can do to prevent cyberbullying

How to prevent
Don’t
cyberbullying
• write about personal experience on stopping cyberbullying
• write about what the victims can do after they are
cyberbullied
Do
• write about the positive result of having support or the
Why we should
negative effect of not having support towards cyberbully
show support
victims.
towards cyberbully
Don’t
victims
• write about what cyberbully victims should do
• write about punishment toward the bullies

50
GUIDELINES FOR GUIDED ESSAY – LOW PROFICIENCY

PRACTICE 3: SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Paragraph 1 – Introduction

Introducing
cases – increasing
the topic

Giving your
serious problem
opinion

Thesis
discuss – ways teenagers are cyberbullied – how to prevent cyberbullying
statement
– why we should show support towards cyberbully victims

Paragraph 2 – ways teenagers are cyberbullied

Topic sentence: Teenagers are cyberbullied in many ways

Idea
Sequence
Elaboration
Markers
Example

First, Idea 1 mean messages

Sometimes, Elaboration post rude comments

...like... Example body-shaming

Besides, Idea 2 spreading rumours

As a result, Elaboration victims – stressed

For example, Example embarrassing photos & videos

51
Paragraph 3 – how to prevent cyberbullying
Topic sentence: It is very important to prevent cyberbullying.
Idea
Sequence
Elaboration
Markers
Example

To start with, Idea 1 parents – monitor children’s behaviour

...because... Elaboration cyberbullying – change – behaviour

For instance, Example do not want to go out – appear scared

Moreover, Idea 2 teenagers – know what to do

Clearly, Elaboration do not respond – mean messages

...like... Example quick action – report – block

Paragraph 4 – Why we should show support towards cyberbully victims

Topic sentence: We should show support towards cyberbully victims ...

Idea
Sequence
Elaboration
Markers
Example
...because... Idea 1 main cause of stress

Obviously, Elaboration many negative effects

...such as... Example cry & stay in room

Paragraph 5 – Conclusion
Summarising
In short, ... serious matter – negative impacts
your point

Comment I hope – work together – stop cyberbullying

52
GUIDELINES FOR GUIDED ESSAY – HIGH PROFICIENCY

PRACTICE 3: SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Paragraph 1 – Introduction

Introducing
technology – advantages
the topic

Giving your
downside – cyberbullying
opinion

Thesis
address – various aspects related to cyberbullying – ways – preventive
statement
measures – significance of offering support

Paragraph 2 – ways teenagers are cyberbullied

Topic sentence: Cyberbullying affects teenagers through diverse methods.

Idea
Sequence
Elaboration
Markers
Example

To begin with, Idea 1 getting harsh & hurtful comments

Even when... Elaboration disguised as jokes

...ranging
Example discrimination – prejudice – encouraging self-harm
from...to...

Furthermore, Idea 2 spreading rumours – detrimental consequences

...as... Elaboration tarnish reputations

...like... Example posting embarrassing photos & videos

53
Paragraph 3 – how to prevent cyberbullying
Topic sentence: Undeniably, it is very crucial for us to curb cyberbullying issue among
teenagers.
Idea
Sequence
Elaboration
Markers
Example
parents – be alert of change in children’s
First and foremost, Idea 1
demeanour

...as... Elaboration signs of cyberbully – pay attention to tell-tale signs

withdrawing from friends – nervousness when

...like... Example
receiving text messages

Additionally, Idea 2 Teenagers – realise

...that...if... Elaboration cyberbully – dissipate – no response

So, Example report – block – account

Paragraph 4 – Why we should show support towards cyberbully victims

Topic sentence: Not surprisingly, cyberbullying is a significant stressor in a teenager’s life.
Idea
Sequence
Elaboration
Markers
Example

Not surprisingly, Idea 1 significant stressor in a teenager’s life

Indeed, Elaboration severe emotional & psychological effects

...such as... Example isolated – anxious – depressed – suicidal

Paragraph 5 – Conclusion
Summarising
In short, ... shouldn’t be taken lightly – damaging effects
your point

Comment I hope – work hand in hand – make a difference

54
PEOPLE AND CULTURE

Instruction: Write your answer in 125 – 150 words in an appropriate style.

Your class has been discussing about crimes in your neighbourhood and your teacher
has asked you to write an essay about what can be done to prevent crime.
In your essay, you should write about:
• crimes that occur in your neighbourhood
• reasons people commit crimes
• ways to prevent crimes
Write your essay using all the notes and giving reasons for your point of view.

IDENTIFYING QUESTION REQUIREMENTS

Do
• write about your personal experience with crime
• use the pronoun ‘I’ while explaining the incidents
Crimes that occur in
your neighbourhood
Don’t
• write ideas related to other people
• write about the types of crimes in general
Do
• provide at least TWO reasons on why people commit crime
• write about causes of crimes in general, not necessarily
Reasons people
related to the previous points only
commit crimes
Don’t
• write general things about crimes like disadvantages of
crimes
Do
• provide at least TWO ways to prevent crimes.
• use modals when giving suggestions
Ways to prevent
crimes
Don’t
• write about the effects of crimes
• write about what the crime victims can do

55
GUIDELINES FOR GUIDED ESSAY – LOW PROFICIENCY

PRACTICE 4: PEOPLE AND CULTURE

Paragraph 1 – Introduction

Introducing
crime cases – happen – our neighbourhood
the topic

Giving your
important – solve – crime issues – affect victims
opinion

Thesis discuss – crimes in my neighbourhood – reasons people commit crimes –

statement ways to prevent crimes

Paragraph 2 – crimes that occur in your neighbourhood

Topic sentence: Many types of crimes happen in my neighbourhood.

Idea
Sequence
Elaboration
Markers
Example

Firstly, Idea 1 teenagers – vandalism

Generally, Elaboration draw graffiti – without permission

For example, Example spray – bad words

Besides, Idea 2 burglary

Sometimes, Elaboration burglars – break into houses – at night

...like... Example necklaces – money

56
Paragraph 3 – reasons people do crimes
Topic sentence: Next, there are many reasons why people commit crimes.

Idea
Sequence
Elaboration
Markers
Example

First, Idea 1 peer pressure

Clearly, Elaboration look cool – follow friends

For example, Example write improper words – desk

In addition, Idea 2 money problems

...so... Elaboration cannot buy food for family – commit crimes

...like... Example theft and burglary

Paragraph 4 – ways to prevent crimes

Topic sentence: Lastly, there are many ways to prevent crimes.
Idea
Sequence
Elaboration
Markers
Example
To start with, Idea 1 start a neighbourhood watch

When... Elaboration take turns – night – take quick action

For instance, Example call – police – see – suspicious people

Moreover, Idea 2 Put CCTV – home

...when... Elaboration burglars scared – see CCTV

...such as... Example gate and front door

Paragraph 5 - Conclusion

Summarising
To sum up, ...important – stop crimes
your point

Comment work as a team – safe neighbourhood

57
GUIDELINES FOR GUIDED ESSAY – HIGH PROFICIENCY

PRACTICE 4: PEOPLE AND CULTURE

Paragraph 1 – Introduction

Introducing
crime – pressing concern – many communities – across the world
the topic

Giving your
stopping crimes – top priority – safer environment
opinion

Thesis discuss – types of crimes that occur in my neighbourhood – reasons

statement people engage in criminal activities – various ways to prevent crime

Paragraph 2 – crimes that occur in your neighbourhood

Topic sentence: My neighbourhood, like any other, faces a range of criminal activities.

Idea
Sequence
Elaboration
Markers
Example

Idea 1 property crimes – vandalism

In this case, Elaboration teenagers – spray graffiti – defacing walls – illegally

To illustrate, Example unsightly words & symbols

Additionally, Idea 2 burglary – detrimental crime

On a regular basis, Elaboration news & reports – houses being broken into

...examples of... Example jewellery – money – laptops – regularly stolen

58
Paragraph 3 – reasons people do crimes
Topic sentence: There are several factors that contribute to why people commit crimes.
Idea
Sequence
Elaboration
Markers
Example

To start with, Idea 1 peer pressure

to be accepted into groups – follow unruly

In order to... Elaboration
behaviour

...like... Example scribble unscrupulous words – bully

Secondly, Idea 2 financial problems – behave irrationally

...because... Elaboration unable to pay for food – beyond their means

This can be seen... Example unemployed people – shoplift

Paragraph 4 – ways to prevent crimes

Topic sentence: Evidently, there exist numerous methods to deter criminal activities.
Idea
Sequence
Elaboration
Markers
Example
First and foremost, Idea 1 establish a neighbourhood watch

residents – keep a vigilant eye – ensure prompt

...where... Elaboration
action

For instance, Thus, Example suspicious individuals – inform police

Apart from that, Idea 2 surveillance cameras – strategic locations

...as soon as... Elaboration deter burglars from entering – spot CCTV cameras

...such as... Example entrances and exits of the house

Paragraph 5 – Conclusion

Summarising
To sum up, preventing crime – utmost importance
your point

Comment require collaborative efforts – ensure safety

59
PART 3 EXTENDED WRITING (ARTICLE)

TOTAL MARKS : 20 marks

In short… LENGTH : About 200 to 250 words
TYPE OF WRITING: Semi formal

Article is by far, the least complicated essay in terms of format as it has only 2 components:

Format
Title

Writer's name

Additional Tips:

1. Imagine what an article in a newspaper or magazine would look like in terms of

layout and you will get an idea of how to position the title as well as the by-line.
2. Typically, the title is written at the top of the page in the centre. Use CAPITAL
LETTERS for the initials and underline. For example,
The Title of This Article

The by-line can be written either right after the title of the article or at the end of the
article on the right.

For example,

The Title of This Article

Written by John Wick
(essay)

OR
The Title of This Article
(essay)
Written by,
John Wick

61
A STEP-BY-STEP GUIDE TO WRITE AN ARTICLE EFFECTIVELY

STEP 1 – ANALYSE
STEP 2 – PLAN
●Read and understand the
instruction and stimulus. STEP 3 - PRESENT
● Respond to the
question.
●Highlight the bullet points ●Organise your
given. paragraphs.
●Use all the bullet points
given to guide you in
●Identify the key words, writing your answer. ●Use the appropriate
phrases or task. This will cohesive devices so that
help you focus on the your essay reads
important aspects of your ●Elaborate on the points smoothly.
article. given.

●Use a variety of
●Understand what the ●Give reasons and vocabulary.
article should be about. examples wherever
suitable.
●Use short and long
sentences.

●Write your essay in the

appropriate style.

●Ensure that the word

count is 200 – 250 words.

62
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
LOW PROFICIENCY

IDENTIFYING QUESTION REQUIREMENTS

Generally, this is how article questions in Part 3 will look like:

Given Write your answer in 200-250 words in an appropriate style on this

situation/scenario
question paper. You see this notice outside Prefect's Room.
with context

Articles Wanted! Just a statement.

Given title. Can be Same for all article
used as the title of questions.
your article Handling Cyberbullies

• What is cyberbullying?
These are the points
Instructions
• How can students protect themselves for your article.
from cyberbullies? They are in point
form. The number
• What can parents do to support
of bullets is not
their children. fixed.

Continuation of
the given Write an article answering all these questions.
situation/scen
ario
The best article will win a mystery prize.

63
INTRODUCTION

Idea
Sequence Markers Elaboration Low Proficiency (LP)
Example

Sequencing
Idea Technology - improving
Presently, (LP)

Emphasising Technology improvement – bad effects

Elaboration
However, (LP)

Giving Example
Example Cyberbullying

2ND PARAGRAPH

Idea
Low Proficiency
Sequence Markers Elaboration
(LP)
Example

Sequencing
Idea What is cyberbullying?

Emphasising
Elaboration
Basically, (LP) Do bad things online

Giving Example
Say unkind things, send bad messages - share
For instance, (LP), Example
hurtful pictures.
like (LP)

64
3RD PARAGRAPH

Idea
Low Proficiency
Sequence Markers Elaboration
(LP)
Example

Sequencing
Idea Be careful
Thus, (LP)

Emphasising Do not share –information

Elaboration
Besides, (LP)

Giving Example Full name, address, phone number - school

Example
As an example, (LP) name

Sequencing
Idea Use privacy settings
Other than that, (LP)

Emphasising Limit access – safer – more private online

Elaboration
Hence, (LP) experience

Giving Example
Example Account – personal - not able – accessed -
To show that, (LP)
others

65
4TH PARAGRAPH

Idea
Low Proficiency
Sequence Markers Elaboration
(LP)
Example

Sequencing
Idea Show support - talk – children- regularly
In addition, (LP)

Emphasising Encourage - share - online problem

Elaboration
For this reason, (LP)

Giving Example
Example Communication – children - tell- cyberbullying
It seems that, (LP)

Sequencing
Idea
Other than that, (LP) Check children’s online activities – important

Emphasising
Elaboration Young children
Especially, (LP)

Giving Example Parents – know - social media friends -list- avoid

Example
Clearly, (LP) bad things

CONCLUSION

Idea
Low Proficiency
Sequence Markers Elaboration
(LP)
Example

Sequencing
Idea Serious problem
To conclude, (LP)

Emphasising Affect emotion - need – stop- worse

Elaboration
Mainly, (LP)

Giving Example
Example Make report – authority - cyberbullied
As such, (LP)

66
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
HIGH PROFICIENCY

IDENTIFYING QUESTION REQUIREMENTS

Generally, this is how article questions in Part 3 will look like:

Given Write your answer in 200-250 words in an appropriate style on this

situation/scenario
question paper. You see this notice outside Prefect's Room.
with context

Articles Wanted! Just a statement.

Given title. Can be Same for all article
used as the title of questions.
your article Handling Cyberbullies

Continuation of
the given Write an article answering all these questions.
situation/scen
ario
The best article will win a mystery prize.

67
INTRODUCTION

Idea
Sequence Markers Elaboration High Proficiency (HP)
Example

Sequencing Technological advancements- electronic devices -

Idea
Currently, remote work

Emphasising Indispensable - adverse consequences -

Elaboration
Indeed, technology advancements

Giving Example Example Concerning issue – cyberbullying

2ND PARAGRAPH

Idea
High Proficiency
Sequence Markers Elaboration
(HP)
Example

Sequencing
Idea Definition of cyberbullying
On the whole,

Emphasising
Elaboration Engage - cyber wrongdoing
In short,

Giving Example Make hurtful comments, send offensive

Example
Thus, messages - disturbing images.

68
3RD PARAGRAPH

Idea
High Proficiency
Sequence Markers Elaboration
(HP)
Example

Sequencing
Idea Caution – safeguard - cyberbullies
As a consequence,

Emphasising
Elaboration Retain information privately
Apart from this,

Giving Example Personal details, contact information - identifying

Example
In other words, information

Sequencing
Idea Manage - privacy options
Additionally,

Emphasising Configure - privacy preferences- restricted -

Elaboration
Subsequently, friends – family

Giving Example Restrict access – limit connections - less

Example
Not only…but, exposed

69
4TH PARAGRAPH

Idea
High Proficiency
Sequence Markers Elaboration
(HP)
Example

Sequencing Engage – open conversations- cyberbullying –

Idea
Significantly, children

Emphasising
Elaboration Disclose - digital challenge
Equally important,

Giving Example
Example Explain - circumstances - cyberbullying situation.
Furthermore,

Sequencing
Idea Supervise – online activities
Alternatively,

Emphasising
Elaboration Keep an eye
In particular,

Giving Example Online contacts -connections – maintain – safe –

Example
secure

CONCLUSION

Idea
High Proficiency
Sequence Markers Elaboration
(HP)
Example

Sequencing
Idea Severe / crucial issue/ matter
In brief,

Emphasising
Elaboration Refrain - doing
Hence,

Giving Example
Example Notify authorities - cyberbullying occurrence
To be sure, S

70
GUIDELINES FOR ARTICLE WRITING

[ TITLE OF THE ARTICLE ]

ARTICLE BY : ___________________
INTRODUCTION

Idea
Sequence Markers Elaboration Sentences
Example

Sequencing

Idea

Emphasising

Elaboration

Giving Example

Example

2ND PARAGRAPH

Idea
Sequence Markers Elaboration Sentences
Example

Sequencing

Idea

Emphasising

Elaboration

Giving Example
Example

71
3RD PARAGRAPH

Idea
Sequence Markers Elaboration Sentences
Example

Sequencing

Idea

Emphasising

Elaboration

Giving Example

Example

Sequencing

Idea

Emphasising

Elaboration

Giving Example

Example

72
4TH PARAGRAPH

Idea
Sequence Markers Elaboration Sentences
Example

Sequencing

Idea

Emphasising

Elaboration

Giving Example

Example

Sequencing

Idea

Emphasising

Elaboration

Giving Example

Example

73
CONCLUSION

Idea
Sequence Markers Elaboration Sentences
Example

Sequencing

Idea

Emphasising

Elaboration

Giving Example

Example

74
CONSUMERISM AND FINANCIAL AWARENESS
LOW PROFICIENCY

You read about promoting online shopping on a website.

Articles Wanted!
Why Choose Online Shopping?

• Do you like online shopping?

• What are the advantages of online shopping?
• List the things you would shop online.

Write an article answering all these questions.

The best article will be displayed at the website.

INTRODUCTION
Idea
Sequence Markers Elaboration Low Proficiency (LP)
Example

Sequencing
Idea What is online shopping?
Nowadays,

Emphasising
Elaboration Shop using internet
Generally,

Giving Example
Example Shopee, Lazada - TikTok shop
As an example,

75
2nd PARAGRAPH

Idea
Sequence Markers Elaboration Low Proficiency (LP)
Example

Sequencing Yes - easy

Idea
Firstly, No- cannot check - products / things

Yes - can buy / shop -home

Emphasising
Elaboration No – do not know - products / things - original /
In addition,
fake

Giving Example
Example Clothes, shoes - make- up
For instance,

76
3rd PARAGRAPH

Idea
Low Proficiency
Sequence Markers Elaboration
(LP)
Example

Sequencing
Idea Save money - lower / cheaper cost
Moreover,

Emphasising
Elaboration Promotion – discount - affordable
Besides,

Giving Example
Example Free delivery / shipping
Plus,

Sequencing
Other than that, Idea Many choices

Emphasising
Elaboration Many products, brands online
This is because,

Giving Example
Example Find - preferred / trusted shop – convenient
Therefore,

77
4th PARAGRAPH

Idea
Low Proficiency
Sequence Markers Elaboration
(LP)
Example

Sequencing
Idea Trendy things / products
Another point is,

Emphasising
Elaboration Easy - choose things/ products
Clearly,

Giving Example
Example Jewellery, clothes - stationery.
Such as,

Sequencing
Idea Buy - gadgets
Other than that,

Emphasising
Elaboration Cheaper - guarantee
The reason is,

Giving Example Handphone, tablets

Example
For instance, - earphone

78
CONCLUSION

Idea
Low Proficiency
Sequence Markers Elaboration
(LP)
Example

Sequencing
Idea Why choose online shopping?
In conclusion,

Emphasising
Elaboration Convenience - savings
-

Giving Example Shop - home

Example
Lastly, No need - pay - public transport

79
CONSUMERISM AND FINANCIAL AWARENESS
HIGH PROFICIENCY

You read about promoting online shopping on a website.

Articles Wanted!
Why Choose Online Shopping?

• Do you like online shopping?

• What are the advantages of online shopping?
• List the things you would shop online.

Write an article answering all these questions.

The best article will be displayed at the website.

INTRODUCTION

Idea
Sequence Markers Elaboration High Proficiency (HP)
Example

Sequencing
Idea Definition of online shopping

Emphasising
Without a doubt, Elaboration Browsing - purchasing items - online apps

Giving Example
Example Numerous online platforms - choose from.
To illustrate,

80
2nd PARAGRAPH

Idea
Sequence Markers Elaboration High Proficiency (HP)
Example

Yes – convenient
Sequencing
Idea No – cannot clarify -genuity - products /
First and foremost
merchandises

Yes - compare -purchase prices online

Emphasising
Elaboration
Obviously,
No – cannot determine - authenticity - merchandise

Giving Example
Example Attire, footwear -cosmetics
This can be seen,

81
3rd PARAGRAPH

Idea
Sequence Markers Elaboration High Proficiency
(HP)
Example

Sequencing
Idea Inexpensive / bargain – basement, cheapjack
Subsequently,

Emphasising
Elaboration Redeem coins -vouchers
Alternatively,

Giving Example
Example Pay - freight charges
In particular

Sequencing
Idea Abundance - options
On top of that,

Emphasising
Elaboration
Like, Assortment -merchandise, online outlet

Giving Example
Example Authentic outlets
Plus,

82
4th PARAGRAPH

Idea
High Proficiency
Sequence Markers Elaboration
(HP)
Example

Sequencing Contemporary / voguish / modish merchandises /

Idea
Last but not least, vendible

Emphasising
Elaboration An array of selections -choose - different platforms.
Exceptionally,

Giving Example
Example Accessories, garment / apparel, and stationery.
including,

Sequencing
Idea Savvy tech merchandise
Undoubtedly,

Emphasising
Elaboration Marked down price – extended warranty
Not to mention,

Giving Example
Example
Equally, Video games console, earphone - wireless speaker.

83
CONCLUSION

Idea
Sequence Markers Elaboration High Proficiency (HP)
Example

Sequencing
Idea Prefer online shopping.
In brief,

Emphasising
Elaboration Convenient – cost- effective
Apparently,

Giving Example Leisurely shop - home

Example
Not only…..but, No transportation cost - parking fee

84
PEOPLE AND CULTURE
LOW PROFICIENCY

Write your answer in 200-250 words in an appropriate style on this question paper. You see
this notice in the English Club Bulletin.

Articles Wanted!
Truancy in Schools

• Why do students play truant?

• How can parents help to reduce this problem?
• What can the school do to motivate students to come to school?
Write us an article answering these questions.
The best article will be published in the English Club Bulletin

Write your article.

INTRODUCTION

Idea
Sequence Markers Elaboration Low Proficiency (LP)
Example

Sequencing
Idea What is truancy?

Emphasising
Elaboration Skip classes
Basically,

Giving Example
Example Difficult subject
For example,

85
2ND PARAGRAPH

Idea
Sequence Markers Elaboration Low Proficiency (LP)
Example

Sequencing
Idea Do not like teacher/subject
Generally,

Emphasising
Elaboration Teacher / subject - boring
Therefore,

Giving Example
Example Teaching not interesting
For instance,

3RD PARAGRAPH

Idea
Low Proficiency
Sequence Markers Elaboration
(LP)
Example

Sequencing
Idea Ask form teacher – about their kids
Because of this,

Emphasising
Elaboration Parents make sure – go to school
Moreover,

Giving Example
Example Send – to school
As an example,

86
4TH PARAGRAPH

Idea
Sequence Markers Elaboration Low Proficiency (LP)
Example

Sequencing
Idea Reward
In addition,

Emphasising
Elaboration Always come to school
Especially,

Giving Example
Example Certificate / gifts – cash / hamper
For instance,

CONCLUSION

Idea
Sequence Markers Elaboration Low Proficiency (LP)
Example

Sequencing
Idea Big problem
To conclude,

Emphasising
Elaboration Need to solve
Again,

Giving Example
Example Everyone takes part
In general,

87
PEOPLE AND CULTURE
HIGH PROFICIENCY

Write your answer in 200-250 words in an appropriate style on this question paper. You see
this notice in the English Club Bulletin.

Articles Wanted!
Truancy in Schools

• Why do students play truant?

Write your article.

INTRODUCTION

Idea
Sequence Markers Elaboration High Proficiency (HP)
Example

Sequencing
Idea Definition for truancy in students’ perceptions.

Emphasising
Elaboration Lessons – less impressive/ interactive
Overall,

Giving Example
Example
Specifically, Challenging subjects / topics – fooling around

88
2ND PARAGRAPGH

Idea
Sequence Markers Elaboration High Proficiency (HP)
Example

Sequencing
Idea Rigid educator/ challenging subjects
-

Emphasising
Elaboration Uninspiring teacher
Hence,

Giving Example
Example Teaching-not engaging – chalk and talk
Specifically,

3RD PARAGRAPGH

Idea
High Proficiency
Sequence Markers Elaboration
(HP)
Example

Sequencing Awareness – kids’ whereabout- consult from

Idea
Thus, teacher

Emphasising
Elaboration Parents ensure- kids’ consistent attendance
In other words,

Giving Example
Example Sending and fetching kids – to and fro school
To illustrate,

89
4TH PARAGRAPGH

Idea
Sequence Markers Elaboration High Proficiency (HP)
Example

Sequencing
Idea Recompose – strategies- accreditation systems
Aside from this,

Emphasising
Elaboration Consistent attendance
Above all,

Giving Example
Example Give accreditation – instil a sense of achievement
namely,

CONCLUSION

Idea
High Proficiency
Sequence Markers Elaboration
(HP)
Example

Sequencing
Idea Crucial issue
In short,

Emphasising
Elaboration Overcome matter – finding solutions
Not only ... but,

Giving Example
Example All parties play vital roles
In brief,

90
HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT
LOW PROFICIENCY

Write your answer in 200-250 words in an appropriate style on this question paper. You see
this notice outside the school office.

Articles Required!
Stress Among Students

• What are the causes of stress among students?

• What are the symptoms of stress?
• How can students overcome stress?
Write us an article answering these questions.
The best article will win a prize.

Write your article.

INTRODUCTION

Idea
Low Proficiency
Sequence Markers Elaboration
(LP)
Example

Sequencing
Idea What is stress?
Basically,

Emphasising
In my opinion, Elaboration Study

Giving Example
Then, Example Exam / Test
-

91
2nd PARAGRAPH

Idea
Low Proficiency
Sequence Markers Elaboration
(LP)
Example

Sequencing
Idea Worried - grades
To start with,

Emphasising
Elaboration Not enough time - study
Clearly,

Giving Example
Example Fail in exam
For instance,

Sequencing
Idea Too much homework
In my opinion,

Emphasising
Elaboration Not enough time
Additionally,

Giving Example
Example Less homework – more time for fun
For example

92
3rd PARAGRAPH

Idea
Low Proficiency
Sequence Markers Elaboration
(LP)
Example

Sequencing
Moreover, Idea Want to be alone

Emphasising
Elaboration Activities and friends

Giving Example
For example, Example Stay at home- read books – quiet time
-

Sequencing
Besides, Idea Feel not good enough

Emphasising
Generally, Elaboration Moody-upset

Giving Example
As an example, Example Do not know how to handle-emotions

93
4th PARAGRAPH

Idea
Low Proficiency
Sequence Markers Elaboration
(LP)
Example

Sequencing
Idea Do exercise
Another point is,

Emphasising
Elaboration Exercise regularly
Therefore,

Giving Example
Example 3 times a week – unwind - happier
For instance,

CONCLUSION

Idea
Low Proficiency
Sequence Markers Elaboration
(LP)
Example

Sequencing
Idea Mental health - serious problem
In conclusion,

Emphasising
Elaboration Mentally unhealthy – impact physical health
Therefore,

Giving Example
Example Take care – our mind – happier – healthier life
Again,

94
HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT
HIGH PROFICIENCY

Write your answer in 200-250 words in an appropriate style on this question paper. You see
this notice outside the school office.

Articles Required!
Stress Among Students

• What are the causes of stress among students?

• What are the symptoms of stress?
• How can students overcome stress?
Write us an article answering these questions.
The best article will win a prize.

Write your article.

INTRODUCTION

Idea
Low Proficiency
Sequence Markers Elaboration
(LP)
Example

Sequencing
Basically, Idea What is stress?
-

Emphasising
In my opinion, Elaboration Study

Giving Example
Then, Example Exam / Test
-

95
2nd PARAGRAPH

Idea
Low Proficiency
Sequence Markers Elaboration
(LP)
Example

Sequencing
Idea Worried - grades
To start with,

Emphasising
Elaboration Not enough time - study
Clearly,

Giving Example
For instance, Example Fail in exam

Sequencing
In my opinion, Idea Too much homework

Emphasising
Additionally, Elaboration Not enough time

Giving Example
For example, Example Less homework – more time for fun

96
3rd PARAGRAPH

Idea
Low Proficiency
Sequence Markers Elaboration
(LP)
Example

Sequencing
Idea Want to be alone
Moreover,

Emphasising
Elaboration Activities and friends
-

Giving Example
For example, Example Stay at home- read books – quiet time
-

Sequencing
Idea Feel not good enough
Besides,

Emphasising
Elaboration Moody-upset
Generally,

Giving Example
Example Do not know how to handle-emotions
As an example,

97
4th PARAGRAPH

Idea
Low Proficiency
Sequence Markers Elaboration
(LP)
Example

Sequencing
Idea Do exercise
Another point is,

Emphasising
Elaboration Exercise regularly
Therefore,

Giving Example
Example 3 times a week – unwind - happier
For instance,

CONCLUSION

Idea
Low Proficiency
Sequence Markers Elaboration
(LP)
Example

Sequencing
Idea Mental health - serious problem
In conclusion,

Emphasising
Elaboration Mentally unhealthy – impact physical health
Therefore,

Giving Example
Example Take care – our mind – happier – healthier life
Again,

98
PART 3 EXTENDED WRITING (REPORT)

TOTAL MARKS : 20 marks

In short… LENGTH : About 200 to 250 words
TYPE OF WRITING: formal

❖ What is a report? An informative and more

formal piece of writing

REPORT

Normally addressed to Aims to inform the reader in a

someone in authority for simple and objective manner
example a principal. about specific issue

❖ Here are some key notes on writing a report:

Know why you're writing

•Before you start writing, know why you're doing it and who will read it. This will help you
focus on the important parts and write in a way that makes sense to the reader.

Find information

•Look for information that's important to the report. Make sure you use sources that are
good and that you have enough information to support your ideas. ❖

Organize the report

•Make sure the report is in a good order. Use headings to help the reader understand the
different parts. Use an introduction to explain what the report is about and a conclusion
to sum up what you've found.

Write clearly
•Use words that are easy to understand. Use short sentences and paragraphs so it's
easier to read.

Check your work

•Make sure there are no mistakes in your writing. Check for spelling and grammar errors.
Make sure the report is easy to understand.

99
❖ A report should consist of the following:

AN BODY CONCLUSION
INTRODUCTION PARAGRAPHS

•The •The body •Should

introduction paragraphs will summarise the
should clearly address the entire idea
state the main content developed in
purpose of the points report.
report and •Each •May alos include
what would be paragraph suggestions,
discussed in should be opinions and
the report under suitable recommendation
subheadings. which are related
to the report.

GENERAL TEMPLATE FOR REPORTS

AT THE To: (Full Name of the Recipient, Position)

TOP From: (Full Name of the Writer)

Subject: (Title of the Report)

INTRODUCTION State what the report is about in one sentence.

HEADING 1 *
- Describe the ISSUE.
THE
RECOMMENDATION
MAIN BODY
- Provide SUGGESTIONS.
- Give REASONS/EXAMPLES.

THE - Give overall OPINION.

CONCLUSION - Mention your HOPE.

* May change depending on the requirements of the question.

100
❖ Some useful phrases that can be used in report writing:

• The purpose/aim/intention of this report…

• This report contains…
To begin reports
• This report outlines…
• This report examines...

• It is my/our recommendation that...

To provide
• My/our recommendation is…
recommendations or
• It is recommended that…
suggestion
• It would be advisable to…

• To conclude…
• To sum up…
To end reports • In conclusion…
• On the whole…
• It is therefore believed…

IDENTIFYING QUESTION REQUIREMENTS

Generally, this is how report questions in Part 3 will look like:

Given situation/ Your school wants to produce a new corporate video, so the principal
scenario with has asked your class to write a report on how to improve the previous
context
year’s school video presentation.

Write your report based on the following questions: These are the points
Instructions • what is good about the previous video? for your report. They
are in point form. The
• what could be improved? number of bullets is not
• are there any new ideas to add? fixed.

Alternatively, report questions may also appear like this:

Given situation/ Your principal wants to produce a new corporate video for your
scenario with school. He has asked your class to write a report and make some
context suggestions on how to improve the previous year’s school video
presentation.

The points for your report

but not in point form.

101
ADDRESSING THE REPORT
At the top of every report, three important information must be included:
1) Who will receive the report
2) Who wrote the report
3) The title of the report
The top of every report should look like this:
Who wants the report. No need to include name.

To : The Principal Who wrote the report. It’s your full name
here.
Always the same
for every report
From : Ali bin Abu Title of the report. It’s the focus of the question.

Subject : Suggestions to Improve the School Video

102
SAMPLE QUESTION

THEME : SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

The Science club in your school has decided to visit a textile dyeing
factory. You have been asked to write a report to your teacher advisor.
In your report, you must:
• share the details of the visit
• give reasons why the club chose to visit a textile dyeing factory
• how will the trip help in enhancing the club members’ learning?

Write your report in about 200-250 words.

✓ TASK COMPLETION GUIDE

➢ Details of the visit:

• Date and time of the visit
• Location of the textile dyeing factory
• The duration of the visit
• Number of club members who attended

➢ Reasons for visiting a textile dyeing factory:

• To learn about the textile dyeing process
• To see the equipment and machinery used in textile dyeing
• To learn about the environmental impact of textile dyeing

➢ How the trip will help in enhancing the club members' learning:
• Understanding the importance of dyeing in textile production
• Learning about the different types of textiles dyeing methods
• Understanding the environmental impacts of textile dyeing
• Experiencing a real-world application of science in industry

103
INTRODUCTION

IDEA
SEQUENCE
ELABORATION IEE
MARKERS
EXAMPLE

Date : 28 Jun 2023

Idea Time : 9 o’clock
Venue : SS7, Petaling Jaya
Name of factory : Ruben Textile Factory
+ -
Elaboration
+ -
Example

BODY: 1ST PARAGRAPH

IDEA
SEQUENCE
ELABORATION
MARKERS IEE
EXAMPLE
In order to Idea • To see the process
First and
+ • Learn about the many procedures used to
foremost Elaboration obtain various hues and designs
And
+
Also • various dyeing techniques
Example

BODY: 2ND PARAGRAPH

IDEA
SEQUENCE
ELABORATION IEE
MARKERS
EXAMPLE

• obtain opportunity to become familiar with

Idea various dye kinds and their chemical
make-ups
Furthermore
Moreover • understand the science behind dye fixing
+
In addition, • examine how various dying techniques
Elaboration
affect cloth qualities

+
• watch the factory's operations
Example

104
BODY: 3RD PARAGRAPH

IDEA
SEQUENCE
ELABORATION IEE
MARKERS
EXAMPLE

Furthermore Idea • reduce waste and pollution

Moreover
In addition • gained knowledge of methods for recycling
+
water and for disposing of chemical waste
Besides Elaboration
properly
Not only … but
also + • increase awareness of the need for
Example environmental responsibility

CONCLUSION

IDEA
SEQUENCE
ELABORATION IEE
MARKERS
EXAMPLE

Idea • had a memorable learning experience

In conclusion + • academic knowledge put to use

Elaboration • learning journey was enhanced
All in all
+
-
Example

105
Writing the report

Paragraph 1 (Introduction)

Introducing the topic

Giving your opinion

Paragraph 2 (Reasons for visiting a textile dyeing factory)

Linking words/
Topic sentence: ........................................................................................ phrases

Idea 1: ......................................................................................................
Elaboration & Examples:

.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................

Idea 2: ......................................................................................................
Elaboration & Examples:

106
Paragraph 3 (How it enhances the club members’ learning)

Linking words/
Topic sentence: ........................................................................................ phrases

Idea 1: ......................................................................................................
Elaboration & Examples:

Idea 2: ......................................................................................................
Elaboration & Examples:

Paragraph 4 (How it enhances the club members’ learning)

Linking words/
Topic sentence: ........................................................................................ phrases

Idea 1: ......................................................................................................
Elaboration & Examples:

107
Idea 2: ......................................................................................................
Elaboration & Examples:

Paragraph 5 (Conclusion)

Summarising your
point

Comment

108
SAMPLE ESSAY

To : Teacher Advisor of Science Club, SMK Amanjaya

From : Maisarah Saidin, Secretary of Science Club, SMK Amanjaya
Subject : Report on the Visit to a Textile Dyeing Factory

Introduction

I am writing to provide you with a report on our recent visit to a textile dyeing factory.
The visit took place on 28 Jun 2023 at 9am at the Ruben Textile Factory in SS7, Petaling
Jaya. Our science club, opted to visit the factory due to several compelling reasons.

Reasons why the club chose to visit a textile dyeing factory

Currently, in order to gain a deeper understanding of the textile manufacturing

process, our group first opted to visit a textile dyeing factory. Our members had a rare
chance to see the complex mechanisms involved in putting colours to materials. Our
participants learned a great deal about the many procedures used to obtain various hues
and designs on textiles by witnessing the various dyeing techniques that were being utilized.

How it enhances the club members’ learning

Thus, the visit provided our club members with the opportunity to become familiar
with various dye kinds and their chemical make-ups in addition to learning about dyeing
procedures. Understanding the science behind dye fixing and examining how various dying
techniques affect cloth qualities required understanding of this subject. Therefore, our
members were able to bridge the gap between academic learning and industry practices by
watching the factory's operations and making the connection between these theoretical
ideas and their practical applications.

Furthermore, the significance of sustainable methods in the textile industry was

highlighted by the visit to the textile dyeing factory. Members of our club experienced directly
the factory's dedication in reducing waste and pollution. Hence, they gained knowledge of
methods for recycling water and for disposing of chemical waste properly. This event did
not only increase awareness of the need for environmental responsibility, but also motivated
our members to incorporate sustainable lifestyle choices into their own lives.

109
Conclusion

In conclusion, our club members had a truly memorable learning experience thanks
to the trip to the textile dyeing factory. Our academic knowledge was put to use in practical,
real-world situations by observing the industrial processes firsthand and interacting with
experts in the sector. Our club members' learning journey has undoubtedly been enhanced
by this visit, and we are convinced that it will contribute to their academic development.

110
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

QUESTION 1

Nowadays, more and more people are relying on technologies. As a student

reporter, you have been tasked to write a report to a monthly school magazine
on the effect of technology on the society.
In your report, you must:

• Talk about how technology makes life easier

• How it affected relationships
• Ways to overcome health issues related to technology addiction
•

Write your report in about 200-250 words.

✓ TASK COMPLETION GUIDE

➢ Positive effects of technology on society:
• Improved communication and connectivity
• Increased efficiency and productivity
• Access to vast amounts of information and knowledge

➢ Negative effects of technology on relationships:

• Decreased face-to-face interaction and social skills
• Increased reliance on virtual communication, leading to miscommunication and
misunderstandings

➢ Health issues related to technology addiction:

• Increased screen time leading to eye strain, headaches, and other physical
health problems
• Over-reliance on technology leading to decreased physical activity and other
related health problems

➢ Ways to overcome health issues related to technology addiction:

• Practicing healthy screen time habits, such as taking regular breaks and setting
time limits
• Balancing technology use with face-to-face interactions and social activities to
maintain healthy relationships and communication skills.

111
GUIDELINES FOR REPORT – LOW PROFICIENCY
INTRODUCTION

IDEA
SEQUENCE
ELABORATION IEE
MARKERS
EXAMPLE

Idea • fast-growing technology has certainly

changed our daily life.
+ • makes our life easier and also difficult
Elaboration
+ -
Example

BODY: 1ST PARAGRAPH

IDEA
SEQUENCE
ELABORATION
MARKERS IEE
EXAMPLE
For starter Idea • essential element of our life
First and
+
foremost • use electronic devices for many usages
Elaboration
And
+ • changes how we work, learn and
Also Example communicate

BODY: 2ND PARAGRAPH

IDEA
SEQUENCE
ELABORATION IEE
MARKERS
EXAMPLE

• Technology changed the way we make

Idea
friends and talk to people
Furthermore
Moreover
+ • important to balance technology with
In addition,
Elaboration spending time together
However,
Besides
+ • spend too much time online making people
Example around us feeling lonely

112
BODY: 3RD PARAGRAPH

IDEA
SEQUENCE
ELABORATION IEE
MARKERS
EXAMPLE

Furthermore Idea • long screen time causes health problems

Moreover
In addition + • important to balance screen time with
Besides Elaboration physical activities
Not only … but
also + • to take breaks and do other fun activities,
Example like playing outside or reading

CONCLUSION

IDEA
SEQUENCE
ELABORATION IEE
MARKERS
EXAMPLE

• technology has had a huge impact on

Idea
society

In conclusion +
• important to use technology in moderation
All in all Elaboration

+
-
Example

113
GUIDELINES FOR REPORT – HIGH PROFICIENCY
INTRODUCTION

IDEA
SEQUENCE
ELABORATION IEE
MARKERS
EXAMPLE

Idea • influenced every aspect of our everyday

life

+ • technology has made life easier

Elaboration • it has also had a major adverse effect

+ • has transformed how we interact with one

Example another

BODY: 1ST PARAGRAPH

IDEA
SEQUENCE
ELABORATION
MARKERS IEE
EXAMPLE
In order to • life is now much more efficient and
Idea
convenient
First and
foremost + • cell phones and social media platforms
Elaboration transformed how we communicate
And
+
Also • interact with individuals around the world
Example

BODY: 2ND PARAGRAPH

IDEA
SEQUENCE
ELABORATION IEE
MARKERS
EXAMPLE

Idea • changed how we interact with one another.

Furthermore
+ • online communication has also resulted in
Moreover
Elaboration a decline in face-to-face interactions
In addition,

+ • decrease in the quantity and quality of

Example interpersonal connections

114
BODY: 3RD PARAGRAPH

IDEA
SEQUENCE
ELABORATION IEE
MARKERS
EXAMPLE

• technology addiction and its influence on

Furthermore Idea
mental and physical health
Moreover
In addition + • People can maintain a healthy balance by
Besides Elaboration using applications that track screen usage
Not only … but
also + • practicing digital well-being entails limiting
Example screen time, taking regular breaks

CONCLUSION

IDEA
SEQUENCE
ELABORATION IEE
MARKERS
EXAMPLE
• Technology has undeniably revolutionized
Idea
society

In conclusion + • critical to be mindful of the potential

Elaboration negative consequences
All in all
+
-
Example

115
PEOPLE AND CULTURE

QUESTION 2

As a reporter for an entertainment magazine, you have been asked by your

editor to cover the international music festival attended by various artistes and
music groups. Write a report for the event.
In your report, you must:

• share the details of the event

• give reasons why the event draws huge crowd
• give reasons why this kind of event should be held more frequently

Write your report in about 200-250 words

✓ TASK COMPLETION GUIDE

➢ Details of the event:
• Name of the event and location
• Date and time of the event
• List of performers and music genres
• Estimated number of attendees

➢ Reasons for drawing a huge crowd:

• Reputation of the performers
• Diversity of music genres
• Chance to see and hear live performances
• Opportunity to socialize with like-minded individuals
• Promotion and advertising of the event

➢ Reasons for holding this kind of event more frequently:

• Boosting the local economy through tourism
• Providing opportunities for upcoming artists
• Fostering a sense of community among music lovers
• Offering a platform for cultural exchange and exposure
• Encouraging a healthy and enjoyable pastime for all ages

116
GUIDELINES FOR REPORT – LOW PROFICIENCY

INTRODUCTION

IDEA
SEQUENCE
ELABORATION IEE
MARKERS
EXAMPLE

• musical event that brings together

Idea musicians and music fans from all over the
world
+ • feature a wide spectrum of musical styles
Elaboration
+ • classical, rock, jazz, folk
Example

BODY: 1ST PARAGRAPH

IDEA
SEQUENCE
ELABORATION
MARKERS IEE
EXAMPLE
In order to • happened on March 16th till 18th at the
Idea
stunning Jubili Perak Park
First and
+
foremost • Musicians from all over the world came
Elaboration
And
+
Also • bright décor and delicious food vendors.
Example

BODY: 2ND PARAGRAPH

IDEA
SEQUENCE
ELABORATION IEE
MARKERS
EXAMPLE

• this festival provides diversity

Idea
• fosters unity and friendship
Furthermore
Moreover
In addition, + • learn about other countries through their
One of the Elaboration music
reasons
+
-
Example

117
BODY: 3RD PARAGRAPH

IDEA
SEQUENCE
ELABORATION IEE
MARKERS
EXAMPLE

Furthermore • promote cultural appreciation and variety

Idea
• help local economy
Moreover
In addition • expose us to different ideas and
+
perspectives
Besides Elaboration
• attracts more tourists
Not only … but
+
also • make us more open- minded
Example

CONCLUSION
IDEA
SEQUENCE
ELABORATION IEE
MARKERS
EXAMPLE
• celebrates the beauty of music and brings
Idea
people together

In conclusion + • promotes unity, cultural understanding,

Elaboration and economic development
All in all
+
• enrich our life
Example

118
GUIDELINES FOR REPORT – HIGH PROFICIENCY

INTRODUCTION

IDEA
SEQUENCE
ELABORATION IEE
MARKERS
EXAMPLE

Idea • annual gathering of renowned artists and

music groups from around the world

+ • held at the picturesque venue of Chenang

Elaboration Beach from 27 June till 30 June 2023

+ • showcased an eclectic mix of musical

Example genres

BODY: 1ST PARAGRAPH

IDEA
SEQUENCE
ELABORATION
MARKERS IEE
EXAMPLE
In order to • A remarkable line-up of international
Idea
musicians
First and
+ • performances covered a wide range of
foremost
Elaboration musical styles
And
+ • rock, pop, jazz, classical, hip-hop, and
Also Example electronic music

BODY: 2ND PARAGRAPH

IDEA
SEQUENCE
ELABORATION IEE
MARKERS
EXAMPLE

• the festival has assembled a stellar roster

Idea
of musicians from many nations
Furthermore
Moreover + • The fascination of seeing talented artists
In addition, Elaboration perform live

+
-
Example

119
BODY: 3RD PARAGRAPH

IDEA
SEQUENCE
ELABORATION IEE
MARKERS
EXAMPLE

• emphasize how important it is to hold more

Furthermore Idea
events of this kind.
Moreover
In addition • promote intercultural understanding and
+
appreciation by bringing together
Besides Elaboration
performers and attendees
Not only … but
also + • Attendees can learn about various musical
Example traditions

CONCLUSION

IDEA
SEQUENCE
ELABORATION IEE
MARKERS
EXAMPLE
• enthralling occasion that drew music fans
Idea
from all walks of life

In conclusion + • The success of the event, which can be

Elaboration attributed to various factor
All in all
+ • live performances, promotion of the local
Example area,

120
HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT

QUESTION 3

The residents committee in your neighbourhood has been affected by the factories built
near to the residential area. As the secretary of the committee, you have been asked to
write a report to your chairman.
In your report, you must:

• Give details what are the environmental and health problems caused by the
factories
• Give details on what the residents did to protect themselves and their homes
• Give reasons why the factories should not be built near to residential areas

Write your report in about 200-250 words.

✓ TASK COMPLETION GUIDE

➢ Environmental and health problems caused by the factories:

• Air pollution caused by emissions from the factories
• Water pollution caused by discharge of chemical waste into nearby water bodies
• Increase in respiratory illnesses and skin diseases among residents

➢ Measures taken by residents to protect themselves and their homes:

• Planting trees and greenery to absorb pollutants
• Conducting regular health check-ups for themselves and their families
• Petitioning the local government to relocate the factories away from residential areas

➢ Reasons why factories should not be built near residential areas

• Health hazards caused by pollution can negatively impact the well-being of residents
• Noise pollution can affect the mental health of residents and disrupt their daily lives
• The long-term environmental impacts of industrial pollution can cause irreversible
damage to the ecosystem.

121
GUIDELINES FOR REPORT – LOW PROFICIENCY

INTRODUCTION

IDEA
SEQUENCE
ELABORATION IEE
MARKERS
EXAMPLE

Idea • some factories were built near our homes

+ • factories have caused some serious

Elaboration problems for us and our environment
+ • emit smoke, noise, and pollution
Example

BODY: 1ST PARAGRAPH

IDEA
SEQUENCE
ELABORATION
MARKERS IEE
EXAMPLE
In order to • caused serious environmental and health
Idea
issues
First and
+ • smokes pollute the air, sound disturb the
foremost
Elaboration quietness
And
+
Also • young children have respiratory problem
Example

BODY: 2ND PARAGRAPH

IDEA
SEQUENCE
ELABORATION IEE
MARKERS
EXAMPLE

• To protect themselves, the residents took

Idea
some actions

Furthermore
Moreover + • organized protests and wrote letters to the
In addition Elaboration local government

+ • planted trees and installed noise-reducing

Example windows

122
BODY: 3RD PARAGRAPH

IDEA
SEQUENCE
ELABORATION IEE
MARKERS
EXAMPLE

• Factories should not be built near

Furthermore Idea
residential areas
Moreover
In addition +
• can harm our health and the environment
In fact, Elaboration
Not only … but
also + • peaceful environment are essential for
Example everyone's happiness

CONCLUSION

IDEA
SEQUENCE
ELABORATION IEE
MARKERS
EXAMPLE
• important for everyone to understand that
Idea factories shouldn't be built near residential
areas

In conclusion + • factories should be located away from

All in all Elaboration where people live

• we need clean air to breathe, a peaceful

+
environment to live in, and a healthy planet
Example
for our future

123
GUIDELINES FOR REPORT – HIGH PROFICIENCY

INTRODUCTION

IDEA
SEQUENCE
ELABORATION IEE
MARKERS
EXAMPLE

• an update on the serious environmental

Idea and health issues that cause by the
factories

+ • precautions people took to safeguard their

Elaboration homes and themselves
+ -
Example

BODY: 1ST PARAGRAPH

IDEA
SEQUENCE
ELABORATION
MARKERS IEE
EXAMPLE
In order to • air pollution has increased, lowering the
Idea
quality of the air
First and
+ • The health of the residents, is jeopardized
foremost
Elaboration by this pollution
And
+ • nitrogen oxide, and particulate matter are
Also Example released into the air by factories

BODY: 2ND PARAGRAPH

IDEA
SEQUENCE
ELABORATION IEE
MARKERS
EXAMPLE

Idea • the residents launched a campaign

Furthermore
Moreover + • increase awareness of the potential health
In addition, Elaboration dangers

+ • handing out informational brochures,

Example organizing neighbourhood gatherings

124
BODY: 3RD PARAGRAPH

IDEA
SEQUENCE
ELABORATION IEE
MARKERS
EXAMPLE

• Residents are more prone to suffer from

Furthermore Idea
respiratory illnesses
Moreover
In addition + • Factory pollution disrupts the pleasant
Besides Elaboration environment of residential areas
Not only … but
also + • an impact on inhabitants' mental health
Example and disturb their daily life

CONCLUSION

IDEA
SEQUENCE
ELABORATION IEE
MARKERS
EXAMPLE
• quickly in response to the major
Idea
environmental and health challenges

In conclusion + • have taken a number of efforts to protect

Elaboration themselves
All in all
+ • continue to oppose the construction of
Example industries near residential areas

125
CONSUMERISM AND FINANCIAL AWARENESS

QUESTION 4

Recently there had been various news on teenagers shoplifting in shopping

malls. As a school bulletin reporter, you have been tasked to write a report on
this matter.
In your report, you must:

• Give details of one incident of shoplifting

• Give reasons why the teenagers commit such crime
• Provide measures to help prevent such crime among the teenagers

Write your report in about 200-250 words.

✓ TASK COMPLETION GUIDE

➢ Details of one incident of shoplifting:

• Date, time, and location of the incident
• Items stolen and their value
• Description of the teenagers involved in the shoplifting

➢ Reasons why teenagers commit such crime:

• Peer pressure
• Desire for material possessions
• Lack of parental supervision
• Emotional or psychological issues

➢ Measures to help prevent such crime among teenagers:

• Educating teenagers on the consequences of shoplifting
• Encouraging positive peer influence
• Increasing parental supervision
• Providing safe and healthy outlets for emotional or psychological issues
• Increasing security and surveillance in shopping malls.

126
GUIDELINES FOR REPORT – LOW PROFICIENCY

INTRODUCTION

IDEA
SEQUENCE
ELABORATION IEE
MARKERS
EXAMPLE

Idea • Shoplifting by teenagers is a big problem

+ • teenagers have been stealing things from

Elaboration stores
+ -
Example

BODY: 1ST PARAGRAPH

IDEA
SEQUENCE
ELABORATION
MARKERS IEE
EXAMPLE
In order to • A group of teenagers caught stealing at
Idea
First and the mall

foremost + • the teenagers were warned before being

Elaboration released to their parents
Therefore,
for example +
• stealing various items
Example

BODY: 2ND PARAGRAPH

IDEA
SEQUENCE
ELABORATION IEE
MARKERS
EXAMPLE

• teenagers do it because they want things

Idea
they can't afford
Furthermore
Moreover +
In addition • do this to fit in and feel important
Elaboration

+ • can be fun and exciting, which makes

Example them want to do it more

127
BODY: 3RD PARAGRAPH

IDEA
SEQUENCE
ELABORATION IEE
MARKERS
EXAMPLE

Furthermore • parents and guardians can have open and

Idea
Moreover honest conversations with their children

In addition + • to tell them the consequences of

Besides Elaboration shoplifting.
Not only … but
+ • organize fun and engaging activities for
also Example teenagers

CONCLUSION

IDEA
SEQUENCE
ELABORATION IEE
MARKERS
EXAMPLE
• shoplifting among teenagers is a serious
Idea
problem

In conclusion + • give guidance, support, and good choices

Elaboration to reduce such behaviour
All in all
+ • friendly atmosphere and better choices for
Example teenagers

128
GUIDELINES FOR REPORT – HIGH PROFICIENCY

INTRODUCTION

IDEA
SEQUENCE
ELABORATION IEE
MARKERS
EXAMPLE

Idea • Shoplifting among teenagers has become

a growing concern

+ • several incidents being reported

Elaboration
+ -
Example

BODY: 1ST PARAGRAPH

IDEA
SEQUENCE
ELABORATION
MARKERS IEE
EXAMPLE
In order to • significant incident at the famed City
Idea
Centre Mall
First and
+ • cameras caught a bunch of youths stealing
foremost
Elaboration products
And
+ • The stolen items ranged from apparel and
Also Example accessories

BODY: 2ND PARAGRAPH

IDEA
SEQUENCE
ELABORATION IEE
MARKERS
EXAMPLE

• be perceived as either a rebellious

Idea
behaviour

Furthermore
• The adrenaline surge involved with theft
Moreover +
provide sensation of adventure and
In addition, Elaboration
excitement

+
-
Example

129
BODY: 3RD PARAGRAPH
IDEA
SEQUENCE
ELABORATION IEE
MARKERS
EXAMPLE

Furthermore • schools, community, and law agencies

Idea
should work together
Moreover
In addition + • create instructional programs that
Besides Elaboration emphasize the dangers of shoplifting.
Not only … but • by increasing surveillance, strategically
+
also placing cameras, and employing skilled
Example
security personnel

CONCLUSION

IDEA
SEQUENCE
ELABORATION IEE
MARKERS
EXAMPLE
• shoplifting poses a significant threat to the
Idea
well-being

In conclusion + • implementing preventive measures, we

Elaboration can work towards curbing this trend
All in all
+
-
Example

130
PART 3 EXTENDED WRITING (REVIEW)

TOTAL MARKS : 20 marks

In short… LENGTH : About 200 to 250 words
TYPE OF WRITING: Semi formal

A review is a short description of a film, play, book, etc. It can be formal or informal in style,
depending on the reader it is addressed to. The purpose of writing review is to give information
and analysis, to persuade, to give opinion/judgement and reasons. There are reviews of a
movie, TV programme, book, place, product, service, and food. It could be a positive or
negative review depending on the question. It should also be written in present or past simple
depending on the context.

GENERAL TEMPLATE FOR REVIEWS

[ TITLE OF THE REVIEW ]

INTRODUCTION
▪ Give a brief introduction of what you are reviewing
▪ Provide a thesis statement

MAIN BODY
▪ Describe briefly the subject you are reviewing (I)
▪ Elaborate the points (E)
▪ Give suitable examples (E)
Note: Remember to use suitable/appropriate linkers

CONCLUSION
▪ Would you recommend to your friends?
▪ Why?
▪ Why not?

* choose whichever is suitable depending on the question

131
EFFECTIVE STEP-BY-STEP GUIDE

Analyse the task

• Read and understand the stimulus and task.
STEP 1 • Highlight the keywords or phrases.
• Highlight the three points required in the prompts.
• Understand the type of review you need to respond to.

Plan your response

• Respond to questions in the stimulus.
STEP 2 • Use the keywords/phrases as a guide to respond.
• Decide what to write for the introduction.
• Brainstorm for ideas for the three prompts.
• Elaborate with supporting details.
• Provide your own opinion.

Present your answer

• Begin with a brief introduction.
• Briefly describe the subject you are going to review.
STEP 3
• Organize the response in at least three paragraphs.
• Use cohesive devices or linkers to connect ideas.
• Conclude by stating your evaluation.
• Write in an appropriate style.

132
THE WRITING PROCESS

Title ✓ Write a title giving the main idea/your opinion

Name what you are reviewing:

Title of the book/film/play/genre, author, actors/actresses or
director.
Paragraph 1 ✓ If you are looking for ….
✓ I recently read/watch ….
General ✓ This is the bestseller novel/box-office movie of the year …
Information/Introduction ✓ The (film, book….etc) I would like to review is …..
✓ The last film I saw/ book I read was ….
✓ It is an adventure film/a comedy/an animated film …
✓ It is a bestseller written by …

Describe the plot and include information about who plays each role.
Paragraph 2 ✓ The story begins/revolves around …
✓ The film/book is about …
Summary of the ✓ The plot has an unexpected twist …
plot/characters ✓ The main character/hero/heroine of the film is …
✓ The cast of the movie gave a superb performance …
✓ This book features the well-known fictional character

✓ On the plus side ….

Paragraph 3 ✓ On the down side …
Paragraph 4 ✓ On the one hand ….
✓ On the other hand …
What you like/general ✓ The story was gripping
comments and opinion ✓ The movie/book is brilliantly plotted
✓ It has a dramatic/tragic/surprising end

✓ Overall, I would recommend ….

✓ All in al the film was ….
✓ If you haven’t watched/read/it, I definitely recommend that
you do.
Paragraph 5 ✓ I would recommend this film to anyone …
✓ Although I enjoyed it, I would not recommend it for …
Conclusion
✓ It’s one of the best (shows) I have ever seen.
Recommendation
✓ It is a wonderful film/book for
comedy/thriller/suspense/action-adventure lovers.
✓ It is suitable for the whole family.
✓ It was a blockbuster/bestseller hit.

133
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

FILM REVIEW
Identify the requirement of the
SAMPLE QUESTION
task

This is the part where you need to analyse and understand the task.
1a 1b

Write your answer in 200 – 250 words in an appropriate style on this question.
You recently saw this notice in a magazine.
Identify the
appropriate style

Reviews Wanted!
3a
Have you watched any interesting movies lately?
Email us your movie review.
3b
Requirements
Share with us what you think about the movie. of the task

Would you recommend the movie to your friends? Why?

The best review will be published in our official website.

Identify the style

4
Write your review.
c

134
GUIDELINES FOR REPORT – LOW PROFICIENCY

INTRODUCTION

Idea
Sequence Markers Elaboration Low Proficiency (LP)
Example

Sequencing Idea What is your favourite film?

Emphasising - It's about a boy

First and foremost Elaboration
- Cool characters, amazing places
Giving Example
Example -

2nd PARAGRAPH

Idea
Sequence Markers Elaboration Low Proficiency (LP)
Example

Sequencing
Idea -Talk about the animals in the movie
Moving on

Emphasising - Big, friendly bear

In addition Elaboration - Smart panther
On the other hand - Scary tiger

- Baloo
Giving Example
Example - Bagheera
On the other hand
- Shere Khan

3rd PARAGRAPH

Idea
Sequence Markers Elaboration Low Proficiency (LP)
Example

Sequencing
Idea - Exciting adventures
Without doubt

- Fun place
Emphasising -Tall trees
Elaboration
Like - Colourful birds
-Tough challenges
- Baloo
Giving Example
Example - Bagheera
However
- Shere Khan

135
4th PARAGRAPH

Idea
Sequence Markers Elaboration Low Proficiency (LP)
Example

Sequencing
Idea -Music
Next

-Singing
Emphasising
Elaboration -Friendly companion
Even after
-Dancing

Giving Example
Example -
Such as

CONCLUSION

Idea
Sequence Markers Elaboration Low Proficiency (LP)
Example

Sequencing
Idea - Fantastic movie
In conclusion

- Embarking exciting journey

Emphasising
Elaboration - Music
Truly
- Extra layer of excitement

Giving Example - Mowgli

Example
- Award 5 stars

136
GUIDELINES FOR REPORT – HIGH PROFICIENCY

INTRODUCTION

Idea
Sequence Markers Elaboration High Proficiency (HP)
Example

What film holds the top spot on your list of

Sequencing Idea
favourites?

- A distinct and captivating tale about a boy

Emphasising
Elaboration - Growing up in the jungle, surrounded by talking
Predominantly
animals and thrilling adventures

Giving Example
Example -

2nd PARAGRAPH

Idea
Sequence Markers Elaboration High Proficiency (HP)
Example

Sequencing
Idea - Lifelike creatures
Additionally

- Kind and humorous

Emphasising - Jovial nature
Elaboration
Additionally - Wise panther

Giving Example - Eerie character

Example
Undeniably - Menacing tiger

3rd PARAGRAPH

Idea
Sequence Markers Elaboration High Proficiency (HP)
Example
Sequencing
Beyond doubt Idea - Brimmed with exciting adventures

- Captivating jungle
Emphasising - Towering trees
Elaboration
- Vibrant birds
- Confronting significant challenges
Giving Example - Forged bonds
While Example - Baloo and Bagheera
Such as - Harmful tiger Shere Khan

137
4th PARAGRAPH

Idea
Sequence Markers Elaboration High Proficiency (HP)
Example

Sequencing
Idea -Film soundtrack
Beyond doubt

Emphasising -Upbeat and catchy songs

Another important point Elaboration -Magical score
Subsequently -Humming

Giving Example
-Bare necessities
Such as (HP) Example
-I want to be like you
Whilst (HP)

CONCLUSION

Idea
Sequence Markers Elaboration High Proficiency (HP)
Example

Sequencing
Idea - Outstanding film
All in all

- Enjoyable experience
Emphasising - Lovable characters
Elaboration
Without a doubt - Unforgettable music
- Captivating journey

- Mowgli
Giving Example Example - Incredible adventure
- Perfect 5 stars rating

138
GUIDELINES FOR REVIEW

[ TITLE OF THE REVIEW ]

INTRODUCTION:

Idea
Sequence Markers Elaboration Sentences
Example
Sequencing

Idea

Emphasising

Elaboration

Giving Example

Example

2ND PARAGRAPH:

Idea
Sequence Markers Elaboration Sentences
Example
Sequencing

Idea

Emphasising

Elaboration

Giving Example

Example

139
3RD PARAGRAPH:

Idea
Sequence Markers Elaboration Sentences
Example
Sequencing

Idea 1

Emphasising

Elaboration

Giving Example

Example

Sequencing

Idea 2

Emphasising

Elaboration

Giving Example

Example

140
4TH PARAGRAPH:

Idea
Sequence Markers Elaboration Sentences
Example
Sequencing

Idea 1

Emphasising

Elaboration

Giving Example

Example

Sequencing

Idea 2

Emphasising

Elaboration

Giving Example

Example

141
CONCLUSION:

Idea
Sequence Markers Elaboration Sentences
Example
Sequencing

Idea

Emphasising

Elaboration

Giving Example

Example

142
CONSUMERISM AND FINANCIAL AWARENESS

HOTEL / CHALET / HOMESTAY REVIEW

SAMPLE QUESTION

Identify the requirement of the task

Write your answer in 200 – 250 words in an appropriate style on this question.
You recently saw this notice in a travel magazine.

Identify the appropriate style

Reviews needed!
Have you stayed at a good place for the holiday?

Tell us the name and its location.

Requirement
Explain why you like the hotel. of the task

Would you recommend it to the readers? Why?

Send us your review.

The best review will be published in our special issue.

Write your review.

143
GUIDELINES FOR REPORT – LOW PROFICIENCY
INTRODUCTION

Idea
Sequence Markers Elaboration Low Proficiency (LP)
Example
Sequencing
Idea - what is the name of the hotel?
Emphasising
Definitely (LP) - wonderful experience
Elaboration
Without a doubt (HP)

Giving Example
- Rayyan Palace Hotel
Example
exceeded expectation

2nd PARAGRAPH

Idea
Sequence Markers Elaboration Low Proficiency (LP)
Example

Sequencing
Idea - total cost (three-night stay)
To begin with

Emphasising - cost not expensive (three-night stay)

First (LP) Elaboration
At first (LP)
- fast internet access
Giving Example - laundry
Example
Plus - iron clothes

3rd PARAGRAPH

Idea
Sequence Markers Elaboration Low Proficiency (LP)
Example
Sequencing
Now Idea - tasty food

Emphasising - affordable – tasty – pasta – crisp – fresh -

Elaboration
Furthermore delicious

Giving Example
Example - salad – pasta – dressings
In particular

144
4th PARAGRAPH

Idea
Sequence Markers Elaboration Low Proficiency (LP)
Example
Sequencing
Another highlight (LP)
Now let’s dive into (HP) Idea - swimming pool

Emphasising
Whether (LP) - well-maintained
A particular highlight Elaboration - endless fun
(HP)

Giving Example

Example

CONCLUSION

Idea
Sequence Markers Elaboration Low Proficiency (LP)
Example

Sequencing
Idea - recommend Rayyan Palace Hotel
Lastly

- memorable
Emphasising
Elaboration - affordable
Sincerely
- excellent amenities

Giving Example - delightful food

Example
Personally

145
GUIDELINES FOR REPORT – HIGH PROFICIENCY
INTRODUCTION

Idea
Sequence Markers Elaboration High Proficiency (HP)
Example
Sequencing Idea - a review of the hotel

Emphasising
Elaboration - delightful experience
Definitely (LP)

- Rayyan Palace Hotel

Giving Example Example
surpassed expectation

2nd PARAGRAPH
Idea
Sequence Markers Elaboration High Proficiency (HP)
Example

Sequencing
- delve into affordability and amenities that the
To begin with (LP) Idea
hotel offer
To kick things off (HP)

Emphasising
At the outset Elaboration -total cost of stay – RM600
Initially
Giving Example - standout features - high speed internet
Example
Notably - complimentary laundry - ironing service

3rd PARAGRAPH
Idea
Sequence Markers Elaboration High Proficiency (HP)
Example

Sequencing
Idea - culinary delights
Moving on
- culinary delights
- breakfast
Emphasising
Elaboration - tantalizing taste
Subsequently
- mouth-watering

Giving Example
- salad - delightful breakfast - delicious
In particular (LP) Example
dressings
Picture this (HP)

146
4th PARAGRAPH

Idea
Sequence Markers Elaboration High Proficiency (HP)
Example

Sequencing
Now let’s dive into Idea - recreational amenities

Emphasising - impeccable
A particular highlight Elaboration - unending amusement

Giving Example
Example

CONCLUSION

Idea
Sequence Markers Elaboration High Proficiency (HP)
Example

Sequencing
In conclusion Idea - endorse the Rayyan Palace Hotel

- cherished
Emphasising
Elaboration - fantastic
Wholeheartedly

Giving Example - culinary delights

Example
Undeniably

147
HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT

SONG REVIEW
SAMPLE QUESTION

Write an answer to one of the questions, 3 - 5 in this part. Write your answer in 200 – 250
words in an appropriate style on this question paper.

Given
situation/scenario
with context
You recently saw this notice in a magazine.

Do you have a song that is unforgettable?

Tell us why do you like the song?

Requirement
of the task
Describe how the song impacted you and would you
recommend this song to your friends? Why?

Write your review.

Instruction

148
GUIDELINES FOR REPORT – LOW PROFICIENCY
INTRODUCTION

Idea
Sequence Markers Elaboration Low Proficiency (LP)
Example

Sequencing
Idea - unforgettable song

Emphasising
Elaboration - means a lot to me
For me,

Giving Example
Example - the song “Hijau” represents the nature
Generally,

2nd PARAGRAPH

Idea
Sequence Markers Elaboration Low Proficiency (LP)
Example

Sequencing - the nature is getting worse

Idea
To start with, - the natural world is in trouble

Emphasising - it is not easy to be modern and advanced

Elaboration
Clearly, because we need to sacrifice our environment

Giving Example - choosing factories and new technology instead

Example
For instance, of taking care of nature.

149
3rd PARAGRAPH

Idea
Sequence Markers Elaboration Low Proficiency (LP)
Example
Sequencing
Idea - really like this song.
In my opinion,,

Emphasising
Elaboration - a nature lover.
In addition,

Giving Example
- plants help keeping our air clean - take in dirty
For example, Example
air - give us fresh air

4th PARAGRAPH

Idea
Sequence Markers Elaboration Low Proficiency (LP)
Example

Sequencing
Idea - made me feel different about the world.
Another point is,

Emphasising - close to the earth and thought all different kinds

Elaboration
Clearly, of nature are amazing.

Giving Example - to do little things to help the earth, like saving

Example
For instance, water

CONCLUSION
Idea
Sequence Markers Elaboration Low Proficiency (LP)
Example

Sequencing
Idea - will recommend this song
In conclusion,

- well written
Emphasising - make people like it
Elaboration
Thus, - get people love it
- show others how to love and save nature

150
GUIDELINES FOR REPORT – HIGH PROFICIENCY

INTRODUCTION

Idea
Sequence Markers Elaboration High Proficiency (HP)
Example

Sequencing - memorable tune

Idea - timeless song
- remarkable track

Emphasising - holds a special place in my heart

Elaboration
Obviously, - a deep appreciation for this song

- The song ”Hijau” encapsulates the essence of

Giving Example natural world.
Example
From my point of view, - The song “Hijau” beautifully portrays the natural
environment

2nd PARAGRAPH

Idea
Sequence Markers Elaboration High Proficiency (HP)
Example

- the nature is dying

Sequencing - the natural world is undergoing a state of
Idea
Unfortunately degradation
- the earth’s biodiversity is eroding

Emphasising - futility of achieving modernity and advancements

Elaboration
It seems to me that, while sacrificing the legacy of the earth

Giving Example - continuing to prioritize rapid industrialization and

Example
This can be seen, technological progress

151
3rd PARAGRAPH

Idea
Sequence Markers Elaboration High Proficiency (HP)
Example
Sequencing - really passionate of
In my own point of Idea - absolutely adore
view, - this song is my absolute favourite

- environmental enthusiast
Emphasising
Elaboration - conservationist
Notably,
- earth lover

Giving Example - flora - maintain air quality - absorb pollutants –

Example
release oxygen

4th PARAGRAPH

Idea
Sequence Markers Elaboration High Proficiency (HP)
Example

Sequencing - a profound impact and it changed the way I view

Idea
In particular, the world

Emphasising - felt a deep connection to the earth and a sense

Elaboration
Significantly, of awe for its diverse ecosystems.

- inspired to - make small changes in my own life

Giving Example
Example – reduce waste, conserve water – support
Namely,
environmentally friendly practices

CONCLUSION

Idea
Sequence Markers Elaboration High Proficiency (HP)
Example

Sequencing - put forth this song as a recommendation

Idea
In brief, - highly commend this song

- artfully composed
Emphasising
Elaboration - captivate people’s heart
Evidently,
- inculcate love for the preservation for the nature

152
PEOPLE AND CULTURE

CELEBRITY REVIEW
SAMPLE QUESTION

Identify the requirement of the task

Write your answer in 200 – 250 words in an appropriate style on this question.

You recently saw this notice in a magazine.

Identify the appropriate style

Reviews required!
Do you have a favourite pop star?
Why do you like him or her? Requirement
of the task
Do you know his/her personal life?
What has he/she contributed?

Write the best review and we will publish in our newsletter.

Write your review.

153
GUIDELINES FOR REPORT – LOW PROFICIENCY
INTRODUCTION

Idea
Sequence Markers Elaboration Low Proficiency (LP)
Example

Sequencing Idea Who is your favourite celebrity?

Emphasising
Elaboration - very unique personality
As we know

Giving Example
Example - act in many films
Other than that,

2nd PARAGRAPH
Idea
Sequence Markers Elaboration Low Proficiency (LP)
Example

Sequencing
Idea Why do you like your favourite celebrity?
Personally

Emphasising
Elaboration - he is natural in acting
Clearly,

Giving Example
Example - acted in action and romance movies
For instance,

3rd PARAGRAPH

Idea
Sequence Markers Elaboration Low Proficiency (LP)
Example

Sequencing
Idea - his/her personal life
However,

Emphasising - he lives alone

Elaboration
Also,

Giving Example
In addition, (LP) Example - a fan of motorcycle
In particular (HP)

154
4th PARAGRAPH

Idea
Sequence Markers Elaboration Low Proficiency (LP)
Example

Sequencing
Idea - his/her contribution
Another point is,

Emphasising
Elaboration - large donation
Clearly,

Giving Example
Example - give an expensive watch to his co-stars
For example,

CONCLUSION

Idea
Sequence Markers Elaboration Low Proficiency (LP)
Example

Sequencing
Idea - a great role model
In conclusion,

Emphasising - inspire young people to like what they do

Elaboration
Also, - use their talents to help others

155
GUIDELINES FOR REPORT – HIGH PROFICIENCY

INTRODUCTION

Idea
Sequence Markers Elaboration High Proficiency (HP)
Example

Sequencing Idea - adored star

Emphasising
Elaboration - distinct character
Obviously,

Giving Example
Example - starred in multiple blockbusters
For instance,

2nd PARAGRAPH

Idea
Sequence Markers Elaboration High Proficiency (HP)
Example
Sequencing
Idea - reasons you idolize your adored star
First and foremost

Emphasising
Elaboration - authentic, convincing and genuine acting
Obviously,

Giving Example
Example - acted in epic battle and heartfelt movies
This can be seen,

3rd PARAGRAPH

Idea
Sequence Markers Elaboration High Proficiency (HP)
Example

Sequencing
Idea - his/her individual life
Subsequently,

Emphasising
Elaboration - living by oneself
Furthermore,

Giving Example
Example - ardent fan of motorcycles
In particular

156
4th PARAGRAPH

Idea
Sequence Markers Elaboration High Proficiency (HP)
Example
Sequencing
Another point is, (LP) Idea - his/her altruism
Moreover, (HP)

Emphasising
Clearly, (LP) Elaboration - absolute wealth
In particular, (HP)

Giving Example
For example, (LP) Example - bestow a gift
Recently, (HP)

CONCLUSION

Idea
Sequence Markers Elaboration High Proficiency (HP)
Example

Sequencing
Idea - an exemplary figure
To conclude,

- motivate young people to be passionate about

Emphasising
Elaboration what they do
Thus,
- harness their talents to aid others.

157
PART 3 EXTENDED WRITING (STORY)

TOTAL MARKS : 20 marks

In short… LENGTH : About 200 to 250 words
TYPE OF WRITING: Informal

ELEMENTS OF A STORY

• Plot
o FIVE stages: Exposition, Rising Action, Climax, Falling Action, Resolution

• Tenses
o past simple (regular/ irregular) - mostly for actions that happened in the past
o past continuous – to describe the settings, or actions that were in progress
o present simple and future simple for dialogue or monologue

• Adjectives and adverbs

o To allow the readers to imagine the situation
o To give more effect to the story

• Cohesive devices
o To make sure each point is related and connected
o To ensure the story flows smoothly

• Senses: sight, sound, taste, smell, touch

o To ensure the story more appealing, vivid and interesting
o To understand the context or action better

• Proverbs & idioms

o use the correct/ accurate idioms with the context

• Dialogue/ Monologue
o only one or two dialogues
o to give more impact especially during the climax

• Onomatopoeia
o Words to describe the sounds made

• Contractions
o Shortened or combined words used in the story or dialogues
o Use apostrophe to replace omitted letters – couldn’t, hasn’t, I’m, you’re

158
PLOT

CLIMAX
A surprise to the reader,
where a plot twist/
suspense happens.

RISING ACTION FALLING ACTION

More details on the How the character(s)
character(s) and their solve the problems or
problems or struggles. struggles.

EXPOSITION RESOLUTION
The beginning of the story, The ending of the story –
to introduce the characters, resolved or unresolved. The
background and settings of lessons that can be learnt
the story (time, place) from the story.

159
TENSES

1. We usually use PAST SIMPLE for the actions in a story. We can also use past simple to
show suspense. For example:
• I looked at the clock, and rushed to the bathroom because I was really late for the
trip.
• The man started to chase me. I ran as fast as I could and turned into the busy
street. I looked back and accidentally hit a passer-by. I fell down and felt someone
was pulling my arm.

2. Sometimes, we use PAST CONTINUOUS to describe the settings, or actions that were in
progress in the past. For example:
• The birds were chirping, the branches were swaying when I stared outside the
window on a bright Sunday morning.
• I was grinning when the little girl handed a dandelion to her little brother.

3. For dialogue and monologue, you can use PRESENT SIMPLE and FUTURE SIMPLE. For
example:
• The phone rang and she picked it up. “Yes, I am her daughter. Whaaaaaaaat? I will
go there now”.

REGULAR VERBS IRREGULAR VERBS

PRESENT SIMPLE PAST SIMPLE PRESENT SIMPLE PAST SIMPLE
work worked buy bought
watch watched bring brought
fill filled teach taught
accompany accompanied think thought
occupy occupied build built
seat seated sleep slept
frown frowned cut cut
notify notified read read
reveal revealed drive drove
scream screamed fly flew
copy copied blow blew
clap clapped drive drove
travel travelled mean meant
stop stopped hear heard

160
ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS
1. To allow the readers to imagine the situation.
2. To give more effect to the story.

Adjectives
1. To describe and provide more details of the nouns. For example:
• The cute little boy kicked the blue ball into the rectangular goal post.
• An old woman was said to live in the old, wooden house.
ADJECTIVES
COMMON UNCOMMON
hungry starving/ ravenous
tired exhausted/ fatigue
scared terrified/ panicked
beautiful gorgeous/ elegant
good excellent/ wonderful
loud thundering/ powerful
dark gloomy
quiet silent/ peaceful
small tiny/ compact
big enormous/ massive
naughty mischievous
delicious delectable/ piquant
angry furious
impressive splendid
move abroad/depart emigrated
not relax/ worried unsettled
interesting fascinating
joyful jubilant
ugly hideous/ unpleasant
excited enrapture/ enlivened
necessary fundamental
strong muscular/ brawny
crowded jam-packed/ huddled
nervous agitated/ fidgety
kind charitable/ gracious
help assistance/ guidance
brave courageous/ heroic
jealous envious

161
ADVERBS
1. To describe or give more information about the verbs or actions that happened in the story.
For example:
• She ran quickly and hid herself in the bushes.
• They kids laughed cheerfully when the clown generously gave them lollipops.

ADVERBS
Manner Frequency Place Degree Time
sadly never outside less yesterday
roughly rarely above little today
angrily seldom away least tonight
politely occasionally towards most tomorrow
eagerly sometimes over much weekly
easily often near nearly yearly
hardly generally in simple annually
violently usually backward(s) too hourly
abruptly always indoors very previously
gently upstairs utterly soon
rapidly on hardly since
slowly near highly sometimes
anxiously up almost seldom
greedily abroad completely recently
healthily far deeply next
joyously below entirely never
unexpectedly right far daily
safely next door greatly early
wisely away intensely earlier
swiftly inside just before
suspiciously here rather after
recklessly there quite not until
painfully somewhere really monthly
obediently overseas fairly immediately
elegantly under barely usually
faithfully along extremely yet

162
COHESIVE DEVICES

Used to connect ideas and sentences. They are also used to show the relationship
between the paragraphs.

SEQUENCE ADDING EMPHASISING ILLUSTRATING

Besides, And In particular For example

Next, Also Especially For instance
After that, As well as Significantly Such as
Then, Moreover Notably
Apart from that, Furthermore Mainly
In conclusion/ As a In addition, Clearly
conclusion, Additionally Generally
First, Plus Indeed
Second, Along with Above all
Third, Too
Finally,
As a result,

COMPARING CONTRASTING CAUSE AND EXCEPTIONS

EFFECT
Similarly However Although
Likewise Instead of So However
As with On the other hand Therefore If not
Just as Conversely Hence Unless
Like Whereas Because Apart from
Equally Otherwise Thus Aside from
Not only… but Nevertheless Consequently As long as
also… Unlike As a result But
In the same way Alternatively Due to this Except

163
SENSES: Sight, Sound, Taste, Smell, Touch

We use senses in writing to make our writing becomes more vivid and interesting to be
read.

SENSE THE USAGE EXAMPLE

1) I was amazed to see the paddy field swaying in

What we see or observe in the wind.
terms of:
- size, colour, shape, 2) It was breathtaking to look at the sunset view
Sight
lightness, darkness, from the beach.
appearance,
movement etc. 3) The sunlight that was reflected in the mirror
blinded my eyes when the curtain was drawn.
1) She heard the tweeting and chirping of the
birds as she wandered along the lane towards the
main road.
Hearing What we hear or listen to
2) She roared with laughter when she heard the
joke.

3) Manesh has a calm, gentle voice on the phone.

1) The aroma of the fresh coffee filled the whole
house.

The ability to detect odour or 2) The smell from the rotten eggs releases a foul
Smell
smell smell outside that building.

3) I could smell a strong cigarette smoke along

the corridor.
1) The heavy coat was made from a rough wool.

2) He felt a sharp sting as the knife blade cut his

Touch What we feel or contact with hand.

3) She shivered slightly as the cool breeze

touched her chubby cheeks.

1) The soup has a salty taste.

What we perceive using 2) Ripe pears are sweet and juicy.

Taste
tongue
3) The Carbonara has a rich, thick and creamy
texture.

164
The sensory words that can be used in writing.

Sight Hearing Smell Touch Taste

small whisper aromatic furry bitter

tidy singing burnt short tasteless
blurry slam pungent dry creamy
big melodious spicy coarse vinegary
peaceful splash fresh fuzzy fruity
fat monotonous stinky damp sugary
dark ring smoky greasy hearty
ancient growl unpleasant moist pickled
petite hiss sweaty icy juicy
dim clank unusual soapy floury
gloomy giggle rancid oily nutty
deserted creaking putrid spongy crispy
huge howling floral tough peppery
hazy crying delicious leathery overwhelming
sparkly splashing fragrant warm refreshing
peaceful gasping sour freezing crunchy
enormous thundering odourless wet salty
striped banging fishy crumbly light
clean tingling woodsy crisp tangy
miniature sizzling clean shivering lemony
transparent yelling burnt cool zesty
glossy thumping garlicky drenched bland
wrinkled echo decomposed rough rich
glittery honking strong tender liquorice
sandy exploding musky sandy chalky
colourless squawking fruity velvety minty
sharp mumbling rosy slippery meaty
creepy peeping vile sticky ripe
metallic scratching stuffy dull nauseating
crowded commotion earthy delicate rotten
boiling barking mouldy hot savoury

165
PROVERBS AND IDIOMS
Proverbs
1. are well-known saying.
2. contain moral or advice, can be easily understood.

PROVERBS MEANING AND EXAMPLE

The feeling of missing and loving someone when they are
not around or when they are away from you for a period of
time

Absence makes the EXAMPLE:

heart grow fonder
“I used to hate going to my grandparents’ house, but now I
miss those moments since they had passed away 2 years
ago. Absence makes the heart grow fonder”.

What a person does and shows is more important than what

they say

EXAMPLE:
Actions speak louder
than words. “My sister always reminds me not to waste money but her
actions speak louder than words. Last week, she had
spent more than RM 300 just for one handbag!”

It portrays the circle of our life, all good things do not last
forever, eventually.

EXAMPLE:
All good things must
come to an end
“The news on the lovely couple getting a divorce was a
shocking thing but I guess all good things must come to
an end.”

Good things will come to those who waited patiently, often

achieving their aims and goals.

EXAMPLE:
Good things come to
those who wait
“After going for numerous job interviews, she remained
patient and optimistic as she believed that good things
come to those who wait.”

Having two or more people working together will yield better

results or solutions.
Two heads are better
EXAMPLE:
than one
“I would love to join the scrabble competition with you
because two heads are better than one.”

166
Idioms
1. They are phrases, not complete sentences.
2. Fixed expression with figurative meaning (does not really mean what the words say).

IDIOM MEANING AND EXAMPLE

To be excited and extremely happy

EXAMPLE:
Be on cloud nine
She was on cloud nine when they announced she was the
winner of the competition.

To avoid getting to the main point of the issue

EXAMPLE:
Beat around the bush
Shila always beats around the bush when I ask about her
family and siblings.

To be very expensive

EXAMPLE”:
Costs an arm and a leg
“I’d love to buy that bungalow, but it may cost me an arm
and a leg.

You should not evaluate someone or something based on

their or its outward appearance only

EXAMPLE:
Don’t judge the book by
its cover
The house looked attractive from outside, but the
decorations and design were old-school and not well
maintained! We should not judge a book by its cover!

Someone that is ill or in low spirits.

EXAMPLE:
Under the weather
I am feeling a little under the weather so I will not go to the
party tonight.

There is not point of crying or be upset over something that

have already happened.

EXAMPLE:
Cry over the spilled milk
Mira has lost all her money from investing in the
unauthorised investment company. There is no use of
crying over spilt milk as there’s nothing she can do.

167
DIALOGUE/ MONOLOGUE

1. Adding dialogues or monologue to your stories makes the stories more alive. However,
excessive dialogues make the story uninteresting.

2. Below are the few ways you can use dialogues in your stories.

HOW TO USE DIALOGUES EXAMPLES

He looked at her trying to hide his smile, “Can I ask

Only one character speaks in a you something?”
paragraph. When another
character speaks, start a new
paragraph.
“Sure. Ask anything you like,” she replied.

If a dialogue is too long, it can be “Sometimes I wonder,” she rubbed her pointy chin
broken down into two parts with while she looked curiously at me and continued,
description separating them. “why are you so nice to me?”

He lifted her up and asked,

One-word dialogues are

acceptable and considered as a “Are you okay?
paragraph.

“Yes.”

When the main character talks to

him/herself, it is called a Where am I? I don’t know this place, he muttered to
monologue. No quotation marks himself.
needed.

168
ONOMATOPOEIA

1. Onomatopoeia is the words used to describe the sound made. For example, when phone
rings, we use “ring” to describe the sound, or when something heavy falls, we use “thud.”

2. Below are some words you can use as onomatopoeia in your stories.

SOUNDS WHAT ARE THEY FOR? EXAMPLES

A loud, deep sound like sound

Boom BOOM! A car crashed into the wall.
from speakers or explosion

Sound of heavy metals striking Clunk! The jailer hit his baton against the
Clunk
together metal bars

Riiinnnggg! The phone continued to ring

Ring Sound for phone ringing
loudly.

Sound of movement of dry Rustle. Rustle! There was something

Rustle
leaves or paper hiding in the bush.

Sound made when drinking or Sluuuuurrrppp! He quickly emptied the

Slurp
eating liquid food like soup coffee from his cup.

Sound made by something

Splash SPLASH! He jumped into the pool.
striking or falling into liquid

Tick. Tock. The big clock on the wall broke

Tick tock Sound made by clock ticking
the silence.

Thud! His head hit the floor as he fell to the

Thud Sound of something heavy falls
ground.

Vroom! He hit the gas pedal and drove

Vroom Sound for engine of vehicles
away.

There are a lot more sounds which may be useful in your stories. Search for them and then
add them to your own word bank. Remember to consult your teacher for guidance!

169
CONTRACTIONS

1. words formed by shortening and combining of two or more words.

2. can be used in oral communication and informal writing. In writing, an apostrophe is
used to replace the omitted letters.

GROUP OF WORDS CONTRACTIONS

are not aren’t

who would / who had who’d

could not couldn’t

she had / she would she’d

does not doesn’t

we are we’re

did not didn’t

he will / he shall he’ll

what is / what has what’s

will not won’t

have not haven’t

do not don’t

let us let’s

cannot can’t

am I’m

might not mightn’t

shall not shan’t

would not wouldn’t

you will you’ll

should not shouldn’t

you are you’re

that is / that has that’s

you have you’ve

170
PEOPLE AND CULTURE

Your teacher has asked you to write a story. The story must have the title:

A Caring Stranger
Your story should include:
• details of the incident
• how the stranger helped
Write your story.

Brainstorm and write your ideas in the space provided.

CLIMAX

RISING ACTION FALLING ACTION

EXPOSITION RESOLUTION

171
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Your teacher has asked you to write a story for a writing competition. The story must end
with the sentence:
I will never spend my money on that application again.
Your story must include:
• The name of the application

• The unpleasant experience of using the application

Write your story.

Brainstorm and write your ideas in the space provided.

EXPOSITION

RISING ACTION

CLIMAX

FALLING ACTION

RESOLUTION

172
HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT

Your teacher has asked you to write a story for a school magazine. The story must end with
the sentence:
At last, the doctor confirmed that he did not have to take the medications anymore.

Your story must include:

• What happened to him
• The treatment that he received
Write your story.

_______________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

173
________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

174
CONSUMERISM AND FINANCIAL AWARENESS

Your teacher has asked you to write a story for an essay writing competition. You must begin
the story with the sentence:
Shera has decided to use the last of her saving to pay for …

Your story should include:

• The reasons of using the saving
• The effects of using the last saving to her life
Write your story.

_______________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

175
________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

176
CONCLUSION
We wanted to taRe a moment to express our
deep gratitude to all of you for your unwauering
commitment to using the English module. Your
dedication has not only enriched your language
sRills but has also made our learning community
stronger.
ThanR you for your hard worR, deuotion, and
good influence. We looR forward to continuing
our journey together and achieuing euen greater
success in the future.

Info
Account: [email protected]

Call: 604-7404000
• • • • • •
• • • Location: JABATAN PENDIDIKAN NEGERI KEDAH
KOMPLEKS PENDi Di KAN, JALAN
• • •
• • • STADIUM • • •
• • • 05604 ALOR SETAR, KEDAH
DARULAMAN • • •
• • • • • •

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